WEBVTT

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Previously on Life… I think
there are loser cities

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and there are winner cities. Cities do die.

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Cities decay. We started with empires

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mostly in the 19th century. We came to
the initial states of the disenchanted

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and believe me through globalization now, we
are entering, this is a century of cities.

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Welcome to this edition of Life

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and welcome also to Barcelona, said to be one of
the most successful cities in the 21st century

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and certainly one of the most popular
tourist destinations in Europe.

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What better to discuss what makes
cities work in the 21st century?

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Barcelona is the city by the sea,

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it\'s also an old industrial city that could all
too easily become a burnt-out, Rust Belt town

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left behind by the globalized world. What saved
Barcelona was a progressive city council

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which planed for and invested in the
future, renovating derelict neighborhoods

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and the old docks, without destroying
cities old Catalonian charm.

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Barcelona is a city of 3 million people

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which could have had 3 million visions of the future,
but this city listen to people\'s hopes and fears

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and produced a single coherent vision, which
so far has been a remarkable success.

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The man who has the job of turning that
vision into reality is Jose Acebillo,

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who\'s enlisted the help of world renowned
British architect Richard Rogers.

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Just explain to me a little
about where we are now

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and how you\'ve changed this area, we\'re
standing in? Now this area is very

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uh… typical for the
visualization of this question.

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For example this is the architecture
of Barcelona during the 19th century.

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This enormous building was designed
and built in the Franco period.

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And during the last ten years they have
Port Authority and the municipality arrived

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to agreement in order to be
public, this area that we are now

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and this is the building for the facilities
of the people residing the last 10 years.

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And in the other side in the Olympic
Village we have the possibility

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to relationship with the sea because Barcelona
has been always in the edge of the… of the sea

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but the… for the citizens, it\'s not
possible to arrive to the water practically

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till the 92 operations. Mr. Rogers, what are your
feeling looking at this landscape around us,

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which could have been an old burnt-out Rust
Belt industrial waterfront, couldn\'t it?

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I love Barcelona very much
because of what it has done

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in the last 20 years.
Barcelona is the ideal

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for most planners and architects
in terms that it\'s the jewel

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in the crown which we\'re trying to achieve
in other cities. Nothing\'s ever perfect

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but they\'ve got nearer to that dealing with the industrial
past which was a very difficult period because we\'re seeing

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the end of heavy industry. This was a great port
where we\'re staying and they\'ve changed it.

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On one side of course the new
industries as well as moved the port.

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But also with the quality of life living
work leisure which is exceptional.

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And this sort of dream we see around us is slightly
sort of television set, ambience around here,

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that is something which is practical, which can be copied
elsewhere. And as an architect, you… you believe that is possible?

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I\'m quite sure. I mean, I think nearly
every major city has for instance,

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whether it\'s a river, whether it\'s a lake uh… or whether they
see that and usually it\'s one of the most beautiful place

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and often it\'s the most wasted place because
it\'s where the industry is to be installed.

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So that\'s… that\'s using an asset, you know,
God-given asset and making it really tell in

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the everyday quality of life. Isn\'t there a problem in
many cities that are becoming increasingly divided,

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perhaps because of globalization, some…
few people doing fine, most aren\'t.

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Doesn\'t that make it more difficult to produce the kind of political
consensus which you need to make something like this work?

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Globalization is good and bad
because the good news is,

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we can now start going to uh… one end of
that… You can go to… You can go to Seattle

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or you can see it on television if you
like. Uh… You can go to San Francisco,

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you can go to Curitiba and get those lessons
and those… So you know you can do it

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and it isn\'t all about money, it\'s about… it\'s about vision.
The bad side of it is when you get private investment

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who have no interest except for a quick buck
and therefore you have to mix the knowledge

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if you like of business and making money but
also recognize that business is not about… about

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quality of life in long-term, that wasn\'t their
role, I mean, but the citizens are about.

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So they have to balance citizen,
the mares and… and business

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in… in a mixed economy. Common vision
not just chaos? Common vision.

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So Barcelona, the dream city, not the case
perhaps for quite everyone who lives here

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but it is a decent working model maybe for the rest of the
world. Now here with me in the studios of Catalan Television

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to discuss the future of cities and towns
in this urbanized and globalized century.

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Jose Acebillo, the architects and Chief
for Barcelona, who you just met.

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Gary Lawrence, who had the threading but surely sometimes
nightmarish job of actually being an urban planner.

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Gary was Planning Director for the city of
Seattle on the Pacific Coast of the USA.

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He now runs his own firm, Sustainable Strategies and
Solutions and he advises citizens around the world.

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He\'s also part of the U.S. delegation
to the 1996 UN City Summit in Istanbul.

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Kalpana Sharma… Kalpana Sharma is Deputy
Editor of the Hindu newspaper in India.

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She writes on Environment and
Development and specializes

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in cities and the urban poor, which is the subject
of her latest book \"Rediscovering Dharavi.\"

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Michael Parkes is here from the UN Center
for Human Settlements known as Habitat.

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That\'s the organization responsible for
coordinating this week\'s five-year review of

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the UN City Summit in New York. Barcelona the
ideal, city it can\'t be that simple, can it?

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I\'ve never been in any urban
setting where there\'s

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uh… so many different lives trying to compete for
the same space that there aren\'t some conflicts.

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I think Barcelona has done a magnificent job in…
in its urban design, the layout of the city

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and by reputation it\'s
a well-governed city.

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Kalpana, what are your first impressions of being in Barcelona?
Well, the thing I found most interesting was the fact that

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there is this old centre of the city, which is a living
center. I mean, so often I think you create tourist sites

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where people are expelled and you know it\'s made for tourists.
And I talked to some of the people that I even found

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Indians and Pakistanis living there. But of course it\'s too short
a visit to know whether they are also marginalized communities

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that are not incorporated into what we
as visitors see and that is a question

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that always arises with cities. Michael, is
Barcelona a model city for the United Nations?

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Are we pushing a point of it? I
think it\'s… I think it shows

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what you can do to make a city an attractive
place to… to live in. You can upgrade.

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You can make the physical side attractive but also
the social side. I mean, what… what you\'ve done is…

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is involved the people in… in the process of
making Barcelona such an excellent place.

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But just… just going back to what you were just
asking. You do see that on the threshold of Barcelona

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coming from the airport, the new people
coming in, who are having to squat.

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So you do get a sort of image of a part of a
city in the south, in the developing world.

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So there are problems or opportunities that both developing
countries and the First-World have in common now.

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That\'s one of the things that you and your colleagues are
going to be concentrating on, are concentrating on this week

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at the U.N. Cities Meeting in New York.
Can you explain what that is about

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and what you\'re trying to achieve? Habitat. The
United Nations and of Human Settlements is concerned

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with those two things, with housing,
with shelter and… and with…

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When shelter comes together to make towns, the reality
is that half the world living in awful conditions.

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And there\'s perhaps over 1 billion people who
are living with less than a dollar a day,

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so they haven\'t got access to loans, they hadn\'t got houses,
they haven\'t got security and they probably haven\'t got

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access to water and services. Uh… So we… we
were attempting to raise the profile of that,

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the… the urban development side is…
is to do with making cities work,

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with getting the traffic to flow, access to schools and
clinics. Now obviously this is a problem throughout the world.

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What kind of small team of bureaucrats
working for the United Nations possibly do?

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We\'ve got to actually be positive and
look that cities are actually can help

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the whole story of sustainable development. They\'re actually… But
just be clearance, its rhetoric rather than firm actually we\'ve seen…

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We\'ve to move the rhetoric due to action, don\'t
you? We have to move to actually building houses

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and… and roads and sewers providing
the services that people need.

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Uh… And you have to highlight the problems
that we, that… that you\'re suggesting,

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that it\'s… it\'s a… it\'s a big wave coming towards us. And if we
don\'t discuss it, what… what… what\'s the… what\'s the generative?

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Okay, we\'ll know. What\'s… what\'s let me come up with other men.
What\'s different about this review of the City Summit in New York

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to the meeting in Istanbul five years ago? Is that… We\'ve
now begun to talk about the buzzword globalization.

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We\'ve been asking people in the cities and
we\'ve traveled to further series of Life,

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how they believed globalization has
affected the cities they live in.

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Globalization is uh… influencing Calcutta

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but I hope it\'s for the good. It was not yet time
for it. We were not ready for globalization.

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It will help people in order to increase
their knowledge and to, you know,

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like open the possibility to get… to get
more jobs. Its one thing to sit here

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and be isolated and think you eat,
because the point is so small.

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But now if you say job and someone\'s going to compare it New York.
Somebody\'s gonna compare it to London. And if you live here,

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you\'re going to have to work with those
standards too. So for me its competition,

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uh… and it\'s a good thing and it\'s put us on the map. Gary, isn\'t
it a problem for trying to plan cities in the 21st century,

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that globalization is creating winners and
losers? They have less and less in common

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and that makes it more and more difficult to have the kind of
common vision, that\'s made a city like Barcelona a success?

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Well, first of all there have
always been winners and losers.

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I think globalization is,
has exacerbated some trends

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uh… and has resulted on more attention, more
movement into cities than existed before.

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Uh… You know, it\'s problematic uh… in
part because most of the donor agencies

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and are still interested in investing in the rural
side of the equation in a globalizing scheme.

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More people are going to the urban because
it\'s urban centers around the world

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that are competing with one another, it\'s
not Nations competing with one another.

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I think it is a very very critical situation because for
me globalization is the possibility to lost the identity.

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Of losing your identity? Yeah. And then
for example, in Europe it\'s very clear.

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Our historical centers
in Torino, in… in Paris,

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in Barcelona, in Rome at a very small.

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The scale of the cities of Europe, one
thousand years ago was very small.

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And then we restore it and we
recycling the historical center,

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that\'s when we finish with the
architecture of the storm,

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with a physical architecture arrive
the McDonaldization of for example,

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and write there Benetton,
Coca-Cola, Pan Shang company…

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The brands takeover? And the landscape is not
the medieval landscape, it\'s the new landscape.

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And we can talk about of many, many questions
about it. And in… in the case of Barcelona,

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I personally I was very worried for the
possibility of losing the identity.

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Do you have to worry about this in India? Are you
grateful when McDonald\'s and Starbucks move in?

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Well, Starbucks hasn\'t. McDonald\'s has and I don\'t think it\'s contrary.
They are in the end, don\'t you? Is this a problem for you, worry you?

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Well, in one sense it should not be because the country
is large it can absorb all this and still survive.

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I think the trouble is that our cities in India where
industrial centers, you know, and manufacturing centers

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and now suddenly they\'re going through this process
of becoming service oriented, like, cities like

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Bombay or Calcutta and so on. And nobody\'s asking what\'s
happening to the people who are working in these factories

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which are close down. And they\'re the ones
who are being pushed the margins, you know.

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And you\'re… you\'re creating an unstable city.
Now in the globalized world it\'s not just money

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that moves around fast but people, migrants flood
into urban areas creating problems of homelessness

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and overcrowding in cities around
the world. With the overcrowding,

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there\'s also crime involved in that.

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So there\'s… You know, I\'ll put it
this way that, you find people

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most of the time people are living in fear.
The big problem here is

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the very poor people…

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these people where they are living in the street. I think
there are a lot of… a lot of extremely poor people,

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umm… homeless people, especially young
people, lots of kids living on the streets.

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Every day, every day arrived a
lot of people in Sao Paulo,

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another city, try to a new life, got money.

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It is difficult… difficult. Kalpana,
if people flock into the cities

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from the countryside and don\'t have
homes and end up living on the streets,

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umm… is it, they are involved? I
don\'t think so. I mean I think

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anybody who would come into a place to look for work, if
there\'s no option for housing then you squat on vacant land

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or on a pavement or whatever, even along
railroad tracks as we\'ve had in Bombay.

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And why should anybody else help you sort that out? Why should
you look to the state persistence? Well, I think it is incumbent

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on the state to accept the fact that cities are made out of
people who have a lot and people who don\'t have anything,

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but all contribute to the economy of the city. And
I think therefore that is the role of the state

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to facilitate the kind of housing which will be
affordable to people who are at the bottom of the rung.

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And I think the trouble has been in our cities particularly
that there has been no planning for public housing

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and this dates back to before independence.

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Do you believe, Michael, that
housing should be a human right?

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It\'s part of the… of the… of the Hope Human
Rights story that you… you need shelter,

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you need a roof. How can you operate? How can you
have dignity? How can you bring up a family?

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How can you… or houses,
hospital in a school?

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How can you go to work if you haven\'t got somewhere… If you
haven\'t got some… somewhere to… some space in the world to live.

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Also there are forced displacements. You know,
that\'s the other thing that we\'ve not discussed.

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And the point is people are coming in because of
infrastructure projects that are inevitably built,

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you know, in the rural areas like dams and all things and people
are being forced to come because they\'re just given no option.

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Do you accept this that housing
should be a human right?

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I would like to say that for many people in the city
it\'s only the buildings from the physical point of view.

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And the city is the balance between the
buildings and the space in between.

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And for example in the case
of Barcelona, if you ask me

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what is the first point, is the quality of the open
space. And this is very, very important for the people.

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If you go to Barcelona this
afternoon and visit the Ramblas,

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you will be in the core
of the city and this is

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the most important place, the most interesting
place, the most fashionable place

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and… for people. And you ask, one of
the questions we always ask now is:

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\"Whose place is this?\" I mean, that\'s
the importance of the public space.

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And Barcelona with the squares, it\'s clear
that this place belongs to the people.

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Public housing was never owned by the
people mentally, let alone financially

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by people who live there because they were isolates and
it was always the government\'s place where they were put.

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You were talking about globalization a few moments ago.
I think the other… the other phenomena is localization.

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It\'s, in fact, the importance of working together
at a local level both with, with all, with all,

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with the total panorama of society.
Okay. So you need to bring,

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you need to work with the private sector with… with the people
themselves who are actually very good at delivering what they need.

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Let me… Let me move on, Michael. You wanted
to raise the question of… of gender.

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One theme of this week\'s conference is gender, is
women, is the relative role of men and women in cities

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in the developed and the developing world.
Cities, after all, are built for men by men,

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usually but they are not built for women and surprisingly
they don\'t often work for women either as we\'ve found.

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I think women have a bigger opportunity to
improve their lives than they did before,

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but I don\'t think they have
an equal opportunity yet.

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The segregation isn\'t as bad as in other countries
where there\'s still that African myth that

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a woman is a subordinate, you know?
So here you\'re given an opportunity

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so long as you assert yourself and you work hard
at it, you do get companies that upgrade you.

00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:34.999
But all at the same time there\'s still
that thing that a woman is a woman.

00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:39.999
Wherever I might be in Calcutta I should be safe
enough and my parents should be uh… well prepared

00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:44.999
for the fact that I\'m safe enough wherever I am in Calcutta.
Now, for a lot of women in the world it\'s true, isn\'t it,

00:17:45.000 --> 00:17:49.999
that cities are very dangerous places?
Well, if, if you look at the… the figures

00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:54.999
for… for developing countries cities you\'ll find that
probably 40-50% of the households are female headed,

00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:59.999
partly because of the migration that we\'ve talked
about, partly because the… the men have left.

00:18:00.000 --> 00:18:04.999
So you have to, have to
deal with… with that fact

00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:09.999
and then you… It\'s, it\'s bad, not because of…
It\'s bad because of things like sanitation.

00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:14.999
You know, there, there was a meeting recently and the
woman eventually said, \"All I need is a toilet.\"

00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:19.999
You know, something simple like that.
Do you find that women are…

00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:24.999
If women… If women are running households
in the developing countries does that mean

00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:29.999
they are really the bosses rather than the \"victims?\" Well I
think it depends a lot. I mean, I think in India, for instance,

00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:34.999
in the cities actually it\'s an adverse sex ratio. There
are fewer women and there are more men. So I don\'t think

00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:39.999
that has quite happened of migration of women on
their own, but there are women headed households.

00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:44.999
And women are forced to be strong, you know, because they have to fight all the
time, especially women living in cities. I mean, I\'ve interviewed a lot of them

00:18:45.000 --> 00:18:49.999
on a variety of subjects, and they say,
\"We spend our whole lives fighting.\"

00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:54.999
You know, I\'ve talked to them about violence and they say, \"You know, what is
this abstract thing you are talking about?\" Every single day I have to fight

00:18:55.000 --> 00:18:59.999
for my five buckets of water. But I\'ll say one thing
that, when we were talking earlier about housing,

00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:04.999
I mean, there\'s no consultation in terms of
including women in the design of houses.

00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:09.999
You know, the reason why public housing is such a failure is not
only that the people forming the housing plan are not consulted

00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:14.999
but the women are not consulted.
Gary, you travel the world

00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:19.999
trying to help people run cities and build cities. How many of the
people who\'ve come to listen to you, of men and how many women?

00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:24.999
It depends very much on the audience.
Let me give… give you

00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:29.999
an industrialized world example,
because, I mean, it\'s not just that

00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:34.999
women are, have to expend so much
more energy to live their lives

00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:39.999
than men do in any sort of city context.
It\'s also that

00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:44.999
without women\'s voices, you can\'t
actually incorporate issues for children.

00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:49.999
You know, we were doing a comprehensive
plan for the city of Seattle and, you know,

00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:54.999
here I am large white male roaming through life,
you know, unconscious about these sort of things.

00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:59.999
We had advisory groups from women\'s organizations
throughout the city and we learned that

00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:04.999
the city looks entirely differently from the eyes of a
child than the eyes of an adult. So we had planners

00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
in little carts being pulled around the neighborhood so
they could actually see the sight lines that children see

00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
and found out how they were just living in a, in a world of blank
walls. You mean that… I\'m sorry, you meant that literally?

00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
Literally, yeah! Just out of interest, do you listen
to this and think this is a kind of thing that

00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
only a… a rich developed country would ever imagine
doing? Naturally, I mean, it\'s all wonderful to hear it

00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
but I was just thinking that when you were talking in… in the case of
Bombay for instance when the consultation about toilets took place,

00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
it\'s because women were included in discussing it that they
came up with the idea of having children\'s toilets, you know?

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
Because the Indian style toilet is such
that a child cannot use it. So even though

00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
the municipal corporation were building toilets, children were squatting
outside those toilets because mothers didn\'t want them to use those toilets

00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
because they\'d fall in. You know, and so I take Gary\'s
point that, you know, I think if women are consulted

00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
then children\'s needs are taken care of but there\'s a huge
difference between the kind of needs that you\'re talking about

00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
and the kind of needs, you know, the very basic needs that
we have to… Okay, let\'s talk about how the cities are run.

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
Housing, gender, crime, disorder, the fundamental
problem, of course, is that cities around the world

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
are too often badly run. Although we found some people
who do approve of how their cities are being governed.

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
There\'s a lot being done to sort out the crimes,
there\'s a lot being done to… to try and sort out

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
the… the economic disparities, if you like.
Uh… Just like the entire country.

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
I think the world is aware that a lot is being done to
fix things here. Looking at the streets of Johannesburg

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
and looking at the standard
of living in Johannesburg

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
and looking at the rate of unemployment in Johannesburg,
I don\'t think that it\'s being well governed.

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
Right now in India everybody\'s looking
after their position, political position,

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
nobody\'s thinking about
country or state, or city.

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
Nobody bothers, they say… Kalpana,
it\'s become fashionable to say that

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
a lot of the problems of the developing world are brought
about by bad governance, is that true in cities?

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
Are most of them just simply badly run? Well, I think it\'s
sort of governance by default, that\'s the way I see it.

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
You know, I think all our governments, city
governments, are walking up and down escalators,

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
they\'re not, they\'re just about coping. There\'s nobody
who\'s thinking in terms of a vision for the city.

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
You know, anticipating what the city would be. Is it
right, Michael, to be asking the rest of the world

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
as Western governments effectively do,
asking their voters to help cities

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
in developing nations when a lot of the money will disappear
in corruption… What can you… What can do about that?

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
The whole point about encouraging governance is addressing the
problems of, tilting against corruption; having regulations

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
that are appropriate; having… having a local
authority which is answerable to the people.

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
Umm… I mean, the definition in my terms
of governance is decision-making.

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
Is getting people to be involved in what… what they want.
But you can\'t just have… You also need management,

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
you also need to follow it through with how to do it. So you
need a combination of good governance and good over-management

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
to… to help address the problems that
we\'re… we\'re talking about. Josep, I\'m sure

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
you don\'t have problems of corruption or… in
Barcelona. Maybe there\'s still some inefficiency?

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
I hope. I hope so.

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
But I don\'t understand why we talk about
corruption in relationship with the cities.

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
That\'s where the money is. Because I think… No! Because the
money is not in the cities, is in the central governments.

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
That\'s where the cities are!
No… no… no, the main… No!

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
Excuse me. And I think that the main
problem of our civilization is that the,

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
in the last century the government,
the central government

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
has forgot of the problem of the city.

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
In the 16th century in Florence, the main
important problem of the princeship of Medicis

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
was the city of Florence and today the most important
problems of the presidents of the United States

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
are not the cities. And the
cities is only for the Mayor,

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
the most difficult and
complex job of the world.

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
And I… I know very well because I work
in the city of Barcelona from the,

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
during the last 20 years. Is this…
this notion that we\'re moving

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
into an age of, almost literally of city states and
the nation state is dying out, cities are the future

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
and will end up governing themselves. Is
this true? The economy has decided that

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
exchanges take place between city
states, not between nations.

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
Uh… And the whole globalization phenomenon
has been a shift from national agendas

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
to the agendas of economic regions, uh… sometimes
within the same country, sometimes the central cities.

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
And it\'s created a tension we haven\'t talked
about and that is charismatic mayors,

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
people who govern well, people who can inspire
people to greatness, are always perceived

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
to be the political rivals of the national
government. So there\'s this element of politics

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
that also exists here, that\'s difficult
to overcome. Is that… Do you believe that

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
cities are going take over from the nation state? No. I don\'t think so.
I mean, I don\'t think there\'s any possibility of that. And I think that

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
what I see in the future is a
sort of - a two class system

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
in terms of cities where you\'ll have global cities. Even within
a country like India, no matter where their economy goes,

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
which will get all the benefits of being part of this
global economy and all the problems that come with it.

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
And you\'ll get the other smaller cities which will continue to struggle
without getting the funding and without getting any of the attention

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
that they ought to get. So do, do you believe, Michael,
that cities are the future? I mean, is Habitat

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
going to be the executive of some 21st century
world government? It… Cities are here to stay.

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
If half the cities are in a bad state, it makes the other half of the
city bad. So there\'s problems as you said of security and so on.

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
So we have, we have to draw, to attend to
all these problems. It is the urban century

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
we\'re moving into, first time in the history of
mankind and… and all these things have to be done.

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
Thank you all very much indeed. Thank
you, Gary Lawrence, Josep Acebillo,

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
Kalpana Sharma and Michael Parkes. And goodnight
from Barcelona, a city where you can see

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
what can be done when people agree how
to build the cities of the future.

00:25:55.000 --> 00:26:03.000
[music]