00:00:02.029 --> 00:00:04.159
- So I just wanted
to ask you, how many

00:00:04.159 --> 00:00:05.450
electronic devices do you have?

00:00:05.450 --> 00:00:06.525
Like phones, computer...

00:00:06.525 --> 00:00:08.680
- Oh, my God.

00:00:08.680 --> 00:00:10.840
Definitely more than 10.

00:00:10.840 --> 00:00:15.106
- iPad, phone, Playstation,
and I have a little tablet.

00:00:15.106 --> 00:00:16.480
- I'm pretty close
with my phone.

00:00:16.480 --> 00:00:19.670
It doesn't really, like,
leave my hand very much.

00:00:19.670 --> 00:00:22.880
- My iPhone is the most
critical device I have.

00:00:22.880 --> 00:00:24.740
- Do you love that phone a lot?

00:00:24.740 --> 00:00:28.260
- I'm pretty
attached to it, yes.

00:00:28.260 --> 00:00:31.028
I'd be lost without it probably.

00:00:31.028 --> 00:00:33.448
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:00:41.680 --> 00:00:45.455
- I'm also attached to my
phone, my computer, my tablet.

00:00:48.420 --> 00:00:51.480
And it amazes me how,
in just 20 years,

00:00:51.480 --> 00:00:55.176
they've completely changed the
way I live and communicate.

00:00:59.280 --> 00:01:01.420
Our devices are
sleek and elegant.

00:01:05.370 --> 00:01:07.762
We store our lives
in a beautiful cloud.

00:01:18.380 --> 00:01:20.910
I started making this
film to explore the impact

00:01:20.910 --> 00:01:23.930
of our digital revolution.

00:01:23.930 --> 00:01:26.380
And then secrets
the industry tried

00:01:26.380 --> 00:01:29.200
to hide for years
began to spill out.

00:01:41.760 --> 00:01:46.800
How our electronics are made and
unmade is dirty and dangerous.

00:01:49.428 --> 00:01:53.010
It's a global story
of damaged lives,

00:01:53.010 --> 00:01:56.220
environmental
destruction, and devices

00:01:56.220 --> 00:01:57.390
that are designed to die.

00:02:33.020 --> 00:02:36.380
- In China, massive
industrialization

00:02:36.380 --> 00:02:40.110
have put a huge pressure
on our ecosystem

00:02:40.110 --> 00:02:41.864
and on the environment.

00:02:44.830 --> 00:02:50.320
When it comes to IT industry,
many people think it's green

00:02:50.320 --> 00:02:57.310
or naturally it's green, or some
people even think it's virtual.

00:02:57.310 --> 00:02:59.980
But in our investigation,
we found it's not like that.

00:03:13.490 --> 00:03:16.440
This pollution is having
all kinds of different

00:03:16.440 --> 00:03:20.250
consequences, but I think
that the top impact --

00:03:20.250 --> 00:03:23.910
the biggest impact --
is on public health.

00:03:23.910 --> 00:03:27.540
We have nearly 300
million rural residents

00:03:27.540 --> 00:03:29.620
who don't have
access to sufficient,

00:03:29.620 --> 00:03:30.610
safe drinking water.

00:04:12.459 --> 00:04:14.910
I kept thinking
about the moment when

00:04:14.910 --> 00:04:19.329
I faced all this environmental
and social damage

00:04:19.329 --> 00:04:23.550
on that river, which carries
all this waste to the lake

00:04:23.550 --> 00:04:29.510
beside the Yangtze River,
and these old ladies suddenly

00:04:29.510 --> 00:04:32.040
bowed down on their
knees in front of me.

00:04:39.330 --> 00:04:42.150
I don't have any
sort of government

00:04:42.150 --> 00:04:43.970
administrative power.

00:04:43.970 --> 00:04:47.400
I don't have much financial
resources to deal with this.

00:04:47.400 --> 00:04:49.650
But I told myself
at that moment,

00:04:49.650 --> 00:04:54.360
in front of those ladies, I
told myself that at least I

00:04:54.360 --> 00:04:58.890
need to bring the message out.

00:04:58.890 --> 00:05:01.890
I need to make sure
that all the users

00:05:01.890 --> 00:05:05.490
of all these gadgets, they
need to be informed about this.

00:05:19.950 --> 00:05:21.370
- You can see the farmland here.

00:05:21.370 --> 00:05:25.650
This is what this valley
used to look like,

00:05:25.650 --> 00:05:29.310
just full of... this was the
richest agricultural valley

00:05:29.310 --> 00:05:29.940
in the country.

00:05:32.970 --> 00:05:36.587
You can see why people,
once they saw this,

00:05:36.587 --> 00:05:37.420
wanted to live here.

00:05:44.050 --> 00:05:48.730
I moved to this area in
1969 to go to law school,

00:05:48.730 --> 00:05:50.680
because I wanted
to help people who

00:05:50.680 --> 00:05:55.030
didn't have the means
to represent themselves.

00:05:55.030 --> 00:05:57.280
It was a time when most
people had not heard

00:05:57.280 --> 00:05:58.800
of the semiconductor industry.

00:06:01.310 --> 00:06:04.440
But within a few years,
people started seeing

00:06:04.440 --> 00:06:07.040
the birth of what has become

00:06:07.040 --> 00:06:09.410
the global electronics industry.

00:06:14.370 --> 00:06:18.720
Top names were companies
Hewlett-Packard, Apple, Intel,

00:06:18.720 --> 00:06:21.570
Advanced Micro Devices --

00:06:21.570 --> 00:06:26.120
virtually the who's who of
the electronics industry.

00:06:26.120 --> 00:06:28.430
And of course the granddaddy
of them all was IBM.

00:06:31.380 --> 00:06:33.660
- When I got hired at
IBM, that was great.

00:06:33.660 --> 00:06:37.420
That was the company to
work for at the time.

00:06:37.420 --> 00:06:38.447
I could go anyplace.

00:06:38.447 --> 00:06:39.280
"Where do you work?"

00:06:39.280 --> 00:06:40.140
IBM.

00:06:40.140 --> 00:06:43.420
"I don't need an ID,
you just write a check."

00:06:43.420 --> 00:06:44.470
It was that easy.

00:06:44.470 --> 00:06:47.350
IBM had that much clout.

00:06:47.350 --> 00:06:51.580
- I was the first
microprocessor buyer for IBM.

00:06:51.580 --> 00:06:55.160
In the early 80s, the idea
of a personal computer...

00:06:55.160 --> 00:06:57.580
which was an oxymoron, right?

00:06:57.580 --> 00:06:59.500
I mean, a personal computer?

00:06:59.500 --> 00:07:01.930
And what would you
use it for, anyway?

00:07:01.930 --> 00:07:03.760
But it got legs.

00:07:03.760 --> 00:07:06.580
I mean we started the PC
business, the first year they

00:07:06.580 --> 00:07:09.560
shipped 50,000 units.

00:07:09.560 --> 00:07:13.480
And so we went from 1,000
a week to 40,000 a week,

00:07:13.480 --> 00:07:17.170
and at that point,
the PC was launched.

00:07:36.026 --> 00:07:37.400
- From almost the
very beginning,

00:07:37.400 --> 00:07:40.050
you heard electronics and
semiconductor production

00:07:40.050 --> 00:07:41.510
was a clean industry.

00:07:41.510 --> 00:07:44.210
They said it was as
clean as a hospital.

00:07:44.210 --> 00:07:45.710
But what they weren't
telling people

00:07:45.710 --> 00:07:48.230
was that it was really a
chemical handling industry,

00:07:48.230 --> 00:07:51.920
and that the magic of
making these microcircuits

00:07:51.920 --> 00:07:55.610
relied on the use of hundreds
if not thousands of very

00:07:55.610 --> 00:07:57.170
toxic chemicals.

00:07:57.170 --> 00:07:59.900
And that's why they
have clean rooms.

00:07:59.900 --> 00:08:04.356
That's why they have bunny suits
to try to protect the chips.

00:08:04.356 --> 00:08:06.230
It was never designed
to protect the workers.

00:08:06.230 --> 00:08:10.010
It was always designed to
protect the product itself.

00:08:10.010 --> 00:08:12.770
- Oh my God, there was a
lot of different chemicals.

00:08:12.770 --> 00:08:15.030
I built the disk drives.

00:08:15.030 --> 00:08:17.410
We'd have to strip
them out, and then we'd

00:08:17.410 --> 00:08:20.690
literally have to dip
them in sulfuric acid.

00:08:20.690 --> 00:08:24.389
And with a sponge it just...

00:08:24.389 --> 00:08:25.180
with sulfuric acid.

00:08:25.180 --> 00:08:26.420
I didn't know what it was.

00:08:26.420 --> 00:08:29.450
I just knew it stunk really
bad, and you couldn't get it

00:08:29.450 --> 00:08:31.340
on your skin because
it would burn you

00:08:31.340 --> 00:08:32.345
like nobody's business.

00:08:34.669 --> 00:08:37.820
- What happened was, people
started getting sick with very

00:08:37.820 --> 00:08:40.610
strange kinds of illnesses --
things that didn't seem to make

00:08:40.610 --> 00:08:43.070
a lot of sense and didn't
seem to hang together.

00:08:43.070 --> 00:08:46.136
But increasingly, as this
happened more and more,

00:08:46.136 --> 00:08:47.510
there was a small
group of people

00:08:47.510 --> 00:08:49.460
that began to think
that maybe this was

00:08:49.460 --> 00:08:51.410
related to the chemical
exposure on the job.

00:08:53.835 --> 00:08:55.480
- Want to put music on?

00:08:55.480 --> 00:08:56.380
- Yeah.

00:08:56.380 --> 00:08:57.290
- All right, go on.

00:08:57.290 --> 00:08:59.740
Turn on the music for Mom.

00:08:59.740 --> 00:09:01.340
Put some good music on today.

00:09:01.340 --> 00:09:04.100
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:09:04.100 --> 00:09:06.490
- Right there?

00:09:06.490 --> 00:09:07.300
Right there, OK.

00:09:07.300 --> 00:09:08.132
Put this on, mijo.

00:09:08.132 --> 00:09:09.590
Here's your thing,
I charged it up.

00:09:09.590 --> 00:09:10.970
- All right.

00:09:10.970 --> 00:09:12.280
- Are you going to sing?

00:09:12.280 --> 00:09:12.780
- Yeah.

00:09:12.780 --> 00:09:13.708
- OK, go.

00:09:17.760 --> 00:09:21.740
In 1975 I was 18
years old, and I

00:09:21.740 --> 00:09:24.680
started working in
the electronics field.

00:09:24.680 --> 00:09:28.340
I went to Spectra-Physics,
and they just hired me

00:09:28.340 --> 00:09:29.930
just like that.

00:09:29.930 --> 00:09:32.900
I was making the
end of the laser.

00:09:32.900 --> 00:09:35.810
And I would have to
mix up this chemical

00:09:35.810 --> 00:09:41.180
and I used to call it "green
gunk," and get the consistency

00:09:41.180 --> 00:09:43.370
and then put it
into a spray gun.

00:09:43.370 --> 00:09:47.150
And I would have to heat that
up after I glued it on together.

00:09:47.150 --> 00:09:51.420
That was just all
day that I did that.

00:09:51.420 --> 00:09:54.080
- Yvette didn't
know the material

00:09:54.080 --> 00:09:56.600
she was using turns
out to be probably

00:09:56.600 --> 00:10:00.160
in the vicinity
of 50% lead oxide.

00:10:00.160 --> 00:10:02.170
She didn't know she
was exposed to lead.

00:10:02.170 --> 00:10:04.190
They didn't tell her that.

00:10:04.190 --> 00:10:06.650
- I got pregnant
with Mark in 1979,

00:10:06.650 --> 00:10:10.300
and that was full
term nine months.

00:10:10.300 --> 00:10:11.950
And we were just
really happy about it.

00:10:14.644 --> 00:10:16.310
He doesn't even know
to cross the street

00:10:16.310 --> 00:10:19.340
and if a car is coming, to stop.

00:10:19.340 --> 00:10:22.720
Going to the restroom, you know,
I have to go with him in there.

00:10:22.720 --> 00:10:25.660
So, I have to assist
him with everything.

00:10:25.660 --> 00:10:27.350
Who's number one?

00:10:27.350 --> 00:10:28.150
- Mark is.

00:10:28.150 --> 00:10:30.160
- You better know it, huh?

00:10:30.160 --> 00:10:34.990
- If I knew what I know
now, I would have ran out

00:10:34.990 --> 00:10:37.820
of Spectra-Physics at the time.

00:10:37.820 --> 00:10:40.920
It was unnecessary.

00:10:40.920 --> 00:10:44.310
It breaks my heart that
I could've avoided this.

00:10:44.310 --> 00:10:46.210
- There you go!

00:10:46.210 --> 00:10:48.910
- We are filing a lawsuit
against her employer.

00:10:48.910 --> 00:10:51.280
And it's a lawsuit
for her son --

00:10:51.280 --> 00:10:55.870
who was born with severe
developmental disabilities --

00:10:55.870 --> 00:10:58.060
and it's a suit for concealment
of systemic chemical

00:10:58.060 --> 00:11:01.420
poisoning in the case of Yvette,
and for the direct injuries

00:11:01.420 --> 00:11:03.490
to Mark.

00:11:03.490 --> 00:11:06.580
- Mark's condition isn't
like a cold, take antibiotics

00:11:06.580 --> 00:11:08.320
and you're going to
be fine in five days.

00:11:08.320 --> 00:11:10.420
This is lifelong.

00:11:10.420 --> 00:11:13.870
Your love just
overrides all that,

00:11:13.870 --> 00:11:15.870
and you do what you got to do.

00:11:15.870 --> 00:11:18.225
To this day, I still do that.

00:11:18.225 --> 00:11:21.224
I'm sorry, I'm getting
a little emotional.

00:11:33.146 --> 00:11:35.020
- We've known about the
side effects of lead,

00:11:35.020 --> 00:11:38.890
including reproductive effects,
since the era of the Romans.

00:11:38.890 --> 00:11:41.080
There was an OSHA
standard in place

00:11:41.080 --> 00:11:44.020
requiring hazard communication
and medical removal.

00:11:44.020 --> 00:11:46.337
They didn't do any
of those things.

00:11:46.337 --> 00:11:47.670
Do I think this was preventable?

00:11:47.670 --> 00:11:48.150
Oh, yeah.

00:11:48.150 --> 00:11:48.650
I do.

00:12:00.110 --> 00:12:04.220
I discovered IBM had a
corporate mortality file, which

00:12:04.220 --> 00:12:05.870
they kept for 30 years.

00:12:05.870 --> 00:12:10.100
And it kept track of the causes
of death of their employees.

00:12:10.100 --> 00:12:12.860
- The most dramatic
findings were about cancer.

00:12:12.860 --> 00:12:14.360
For the company as
a whole, this was

00:12:14.360 --> 00:12:17.740
33,000 deaths that were in
this corporate mortality file.

00:12:17.740 --> 00:12:21.560
So it included people who
had worked all over the U.S.

00:12:21.560 --> 00:12:23.710
But then when you look
at specific plants,

00:12:23.710 --> 00:12:26.510
like the IBM plant
in San Jose, there

00:12:26.510 --> 00:12:29.000
was some extraordinary
excess causes of death.

00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:31.390
One was brain cancer.

00:12:31.390 --> 00:12:33.650
Another was
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,

00:12:33.650 --> 00:12:35.840
Another was melanoma
of the skin.

00:12:35.840 --> 00:12:39.440
And in the women, breast
cancer was three and four-fold

00:12:39.440 --> 00:12:41.560
higher than expected.

00:12:41.560 --> 00:12:46.730
That was the heart in
this San Jose lawsuit.

00:12:46.730 --> 00:12:48.530
- In a Santa Clara
courtroom today,

00:12:48.530 --> 00:12:51.980
the first trial out of more
than 200 similar lawsuits

00:12:51.980 --> 00:12:53.720
filed against IBM.

00:12:53.720 --> 00:12:56.810
Former IBM workers Jim
Moore and Alida Hernandez

00:12:56.810 --> 00:12:58.790
say they developed
cancer from exposure

00:12:58.790 --> 00:13:03.020
to toxic chemicals at IBM's San
Jose facility in the late '70s

00:13:03.020 --> 00:13:04.870
to early '90s.

00:13:04.870 --> 00:13:08.300
- IBM literally tried to prevent
the results of the mortality

00:13:08.300 --> 00:13:10.820
analysis from ever
seeing the light of day.

00:13:10.820 --> 00:13:13.190
In fact, they went to
the judge and said, "This

00:13:13.190 --> 00:13:14.930
can't be used in this case.

00:13:14.930 --> 00:13:16.610
Alida Hernandez is not dead.

00:13:16.610 --> 00:13:18.410
She's going to be
in the courtroom."

00:13:18.410 --> 00:13:20.270
And not only was
it not relevant,

00:13:20.270 --> 00:13:23.060
the judge said it might
prejudice the jury

00:13:23.060 --> 00:13:26.600
if they saw what these
excess causes of death were.

00:13:26.600 --> 00:13:28.910
And so he denied use
of it in the court.

00:13:34.890 --> 00:13:37.260
- Many of the brands
will respond to questions

00:13:37.260 --> 00:13:39.390
by saying, "No one
has ever proved

00:13:39.390 --> 00:13:41.850
to me that a single
person has died

00:13:41.850 --> 00:13:43.830
from exposure to
these chemicals,

00:13:43.830 --> 00:13:47.700
either inside our factories
or outside of our factories.

00:13:47.700 --> 00:13:49.650
End of discussion."

00:13:49.650 --> 00:13:52.020
But that's not the
way that we approach

00:13:52.020 --> 00:13:56.060
environmental or occupational
health in the world.

00:13:56.060 --> 00:13:58.350
We are not flying
blind here at all.

00:13:58.350 --> 00:14:01.830
especially on the chemicals at
issue here in the electronics

00:14:01.830 --> 00:14:02.730
industry --

00:14:02.730 --> 00:14:04.680
actually, on most of
the common chemicals

00:14:04.680 --> 00:14:07.350
used in all industrial
manufacturing.

00:14:07.350 --> 00:14:09.170
We've been at this
work for 40 years.

00:14:15.110 --> 00:14:18.680
- If you look at the
publicity generated by IBM,

00:14:18.680 --> 00:14:21.050
you would think that
we lost everything.

00:14:21.050 --> 00:14:24.680
And that's simply not correct.

00:14:24.680 --> 00:14:26.390
After the trial,
IBM matters were

00:14:26.390 --> 00:14:29.540
resolved for hundreds of
people whose claims did not

00:14:29.540 --> 00:14:31.810
go to trial.

00:14:31.810 --> 00:14:34.674
- What can you tell us
about the settlements?

00:14:34.674 --> 00:14:36.090
- I'm not going
to be able to talk

00:14:36.090 --> 00:14:39.290
about any of the
resolutions of the cases.

00:14:39.290 --> 00:14:40.670
And I won't.

00:14:43.900 --> 00:14:45.460
- Can you give any
details at all?

00:14:48.670 --> 00:14:51.910
Did you have to agree not to
reveal the details as part

00:14:51.910 --> 00:14:53.630
of the settlements?

00:14:53.630 --> 00:14:56.570
- All I can say is that
the matters were resolved.

00:14:56.570 --> 00:14:58.050
That's what I'm allowed to say.

00:15:09.140 --> 00:15:13.400
- It is kind of ironic to have
the Lucky Supermarket on such

00:15:13.400 --> 00:15:14.240
an unlucky site.

00:15:21.350 --> 00:15:24.110
This whole area was
a contaminated site.

00:15:24.110 --> 00:15:25.370
It still is.

00:15:25.370 --> 00:15:29.120
And there were many companies
in here, all of whom

00:15:29.120 --> 00:15:35.320
created this toxic nightmare.

00:15:35.320 --> 00:15:38.110
There was an arrogance, a
hubris to the leadership

00:15:38.110 --> 00:15:40.870
of this industry
that was basically

00:15:40.870 --> 00:15:42.760
saying to the people
of this valley,

00:15:42.760 --> 00:15:45.370
"You should be lucky
that we're here."

00:15:45.370 --> 00:15:47.680
And it really enraged me.

00:15:54.970 --> 00:15:57.430
Here in Silicon
Valley, chip companies

00:15:57.430 --> 00:15:59.590
and the other electronics
production companies

00:15:59.590 --> 00:16:03.340
used hundreds if not
thousands of toxic chemicals.

00:16:03.340 --> 00:16:07.360
And most of the
chemicals, once they're

00:16:07.360 --> 00:16:09.790
used in making the
components, needed

00:16:09.790 --> 00:16:11.770
to be disposed of as waste.

00:16:11.770 --> 00:16:14.860
The companies ended up storing
them in underground storage

00:16:14.860 --> 00:16:16.270
tanks all over the valley.

00:16:21.150 --> 00:16:23.010
But what the
brilliant people who

00:16:23.010 --> 00:16:25.530
were designing these
systems didn't quite

00:16:25.530 --> 00:16:29.550
think through all the way was
that the solvents were really

00:16:29.550 --> 00:16:31.710
good at dissolving things.

00:16:31.710 --> 00:16:34.062
And so when you put
them into a tank,

00:16:34.062 --> 00:16:36.520
eventually they're going to
eat their way through the tank.

00:16:41.330 --> 00:16:44.390
- Solvents that the electronics
industry used in production

00:16:44.390 --> 00:16:47.430
in Silicon Valley in the
'70s and '80s are now

00:16:47.430 --> 00:16:48.890
in the groundwater.

00:16:48.890 --> 00:16:52.680
And if you think about putting
a drop of ink in a bathtub,

00:16:52.680 --> 00:16:54.680
that spreads really quickly
and it's really hard

00:16:54.680 --> 00:16:55.889
to get that drop of ink back.

00:16:55.889 --> 00:16:57.680
That's what we're
dealing with except we're

00:16:57.680 --> 00:16:59.990
dealing with multiple
gallons of this stuff that

00:16:59.990 --> 00:17:01.683
is in the groundwater.

00:17:04.150 --> 00:17:08.740
- In late 1981 there
were over 100 families

00:17:08.740 --> 00:17:13.089
in one little neighborhood
who had serious problems,

00:17:13.089 --> 00:17:15.160
and the state health
department discovered

00:17:15.160 --> 00:17:17.859
that the families that were
drinking the most heavily

00:17:17.859 --> 00:17:21.520
contaminated water had
significantly higher rates

00:17:21.520 --> 00:17:23.380
of miscarriages
and birth defects

00:17:23.380 --> 00:17:27.230
than did people in
other neighborhoods.

00:17:27.230 --> 00:17:29.610
The chemical industry
will often say --

00:17:29.610 --> 00:17:32.570
if I had a dime for every
time I heard this --

00:17:32.570 --> 00:17:36.050
that even water can kill
you, the most nontoxic thing.

00:17:36.050 --> 00:17:38.700
Of course it can, but only
if you stick your face down

00:17:38.700 --> 00:17:42.930
in the bathtub or fall
into... fall into a large body

00:17:42.930 --> 00:17:44.790
of water.

00:17:44.790 --> 00:17:47.070
So that is the traditional
approach to toxicology,

00:17:47.070 --> 00:17:48.930
is that the more stuff
you're exposed to,

00:17:48.930 --> 00:17:51.240
the more harm it causes you.

00:17:51.240 --> 00:17:53.107
But what we're seeing --

00:17:53.107 --> 00:17:55.440
particularly around cancer
and around hormone disrupting

00:17:55.440 --> 00:17:57.870
chemicals -- is that it's
when you're exposed to it,

00:17:57.870 --> 00:18:00.210
the time of exposure.

00:18:00.210 --> 00:18:02.720
So if you're in third
trimester, and you

00:18:02.720 --> 00:18:05.960
get even a part per billion
or part per trillion exposure,

00:18:05.960 --> 00:18:09.250
it can actually cause
significant damage.

00:18:09.250 --> 00:18:12.460
- We formed the Silicon
Valley Toxics Coalition,

00:18:12.460 --> 00:18:15.910
and we did a summer organizing
project getting people

00:18:15.910 --> 00:18:18.160
to sign petitions
asking that EPA

00:18:18.160 --> 00:18:21.190
step in with their authority
under their Superfund program.

00:18:31.350 --> 00:18:33.507
And I went to a
meeting in Washington

00:18:33.507 --> 00:18:35.590
and presented these thousands
of petitions saying,

00:18:35.590 --> 00:18:37.180
"We need EPA to come in.

00:18:37.180 --> 00:18:40.440
It's time for EPA to
exercise your authority."

00:18:40.440 --> 00:18:42.022
And to everybody's
great surprise,

00:18:42.022 --> 00:18:42.980
they agreed to do that.

00:18:44.910 --> 00:18:47.510
So, Hewlett-Packard
became a Superfund site.

00:18:47.510 --> 00:18:49.500
Intel became a Superfund site.

00:18:49.500 --> 00:18:52.440
National Semiconductor,
Advanced Micro Devices,

00:18:52.440 --> 00:18:54.870
IBM, you name it.
they were there.

00:18:54.870 --> 00:18:56.580
And they are all
Superfund sites.

00:19:06.840 --> 00:19:09.600
The cost of clean-up
for IBM, as well as

00:19:09.600 --> 00:19:12.540
all the other companies,
has been tremendous.

00:19:12.540 --> 00:19:15.000
It's an enormously slow
and tedious process.

00:19:17.610 --> 00:19:19.450
If you look right
over here also,

00:19:19.450 --> 00:19:21.370
this is a major
residential neighborhood

00:19:21.370 --> 00:19:25.840
just directly across the street
from this industrial site.

00:19:25.840 --> 00:19:28.060
Most of the people
living here today

00:19:28.060 --> 00:19:31.490
are unaware of this
huge toxic plume.

00:19:31.490 --> 00:19:33.980
And those same
chemicals that are still

00:19:33.980 --> 00:19:36.620
right under where
we're standing are now

00:19:36.620 --> 00:19:39.740
beginning to seep back up
out of the groundwater,

00:19:39.740 --> 00:19:41.360
through the soil,
and are actually

00:19:41.360 --> 00:19:44.968
coming into the offices of the
software engineers at Google.

00:19:49.090 --> 00:19:51.040
This is the one
the EPA said might

00:19:51.040 --> 00:19:53.920
take 300 years to clean up.

00:19:53.920 --> 00:19:58.359
This is so complicated, the
devastation is so enormous,

00:19:58.359 --> 00:20:00.400
that we're really talking
centuries of cleanup --

00:20:00.400 --> 00:20:01.720
not just years or decades.

00:20:17.855 --> 00:20:21.930
Every time we've been able
to identify a problem,

00:20:21.930 --> 00:20:24.330
companies have made the
argument that, "We've

00:20:24.330 --> 00:20:26.896
had problems in the past,
but we've learned from those

00:20:26.896 --> 00:20:28.020
and now everything's fine."

00:20:37.650 --> 00:20:41.850
The problem is that it
just keeps reocurring.

00:20:41.850 --> 00:20:44.490
When companies started moving
away from Silicon Valley

00:20:44.490 --> 00:20:46.720
to China, I think
that they've been only

00:20:46.720 --> 00:20:48.720
too happy to have the
government off their back.

00:20:52.100 --> 00:20:54.760
- The Chinese
government made an offer

00:20:54.760 --> 00:20:58.850
to multinational corporations
that they couldn't refuse.

00:20:58.850 --> 00:21:01.900
- You need land,
and you need money,

00:21:01.900 --> 00:21:03.940
and you need
government approval,

00:21:03.940 --> 00:21:06.470
and you need lots of people
to put it all together.

00:21:06.470 --> 00:21:08.350
Well, they have all
of that in China.

00:21:12.000 --> 00:21:14.830
It went insane in the '90s.

00:21:14.830 --> 00:21:17.220
I look back now and just
kind of shake my head

00:21:17.220 --> 00:21:19.750
and say, how did that happen?

00:21:28.860 --> 00:21:32.325
(ROCK MUSIC PLAYING)

00:21:48.660 --> 00:21:51.135
- We are calling it iPhone.

00:21:54.105 --> 00:21:58.920
Today, Apple is going
to reinvent the phone.

00:22:01.640 --> 00:22:05.580
- If you look at the
launch of the Apple 5,

00:22:05.580 --> 00:22:08.710
they were making $10
million in one week.

00:22:08.710 --> 00:22:12.030
So I mean, how do you wrap
your head around these numbers?

00:22:22.120 --> 00:22:24.730
- One of the primary
purposes of outsourcing

00:22:24.730 --> 00:22:27.030
is to enable
companies like Apple

00:22:27.030 --> 00:22:31.000
to make what are essentially
unreasonable demands

00:22:31.000 --> 00:22:33.730
on manufacturers that
they wouldn't and couldn't

00:22:33.730 --> 00:22:38.170
make if they actually had to
employ the workers directly.

00:22:38.170 --> 00:22:40.330
Apple doesn't have
to worry about what

00:22:40.330 --> 00:22:42.100
it means to workers
when they insist

00:22:42.100 --> 00:22:45.118
on a tripling of the pace
of iPhone production.

00:29:33.210 --> 00:29:36.630
- ...workers died and 15 others
were injured after an explosion

00:29:36.630 --> 00:29:38.920
at a Foxconn factory in
Chengdu, southwest China.

00:29:44.230 --> 00:29:46.190
- The accident
occurred at around 7:00

00:29:46.190 --> 00:29:47.790
PM in a polishing workshop.

00:29:47.790 --> 00:29:50.100
It appears to have been
triggered by an explosion

00:29:50.100 --> 00:29:52.033
of combustible dust in a duct.

00:29:56.970 --> 00:30:00.060
- No one should be surprised
that aluminum dust,

00:30:00.060 --> 00:30:02.630
if it's in a high
enough concentration

00:30:02.630 --> 00:30:04.380
and there is an
ignition source, it will

00:30:04.380 --> 00:30:06.930
produce explosion and fire.

00:30:06.930 --> 00:30:11.130
This is a hazard which
is extremely well known.

00:30:11.130 --> 00:30:17.040
So the fact that Apple suppliers
had an explosion in Chengdu

00:30:17.040 --> 00:30:18.960
in their plant
means that they had

00:30:18.960 --> 00:30:24.090
very poor housekeeping, very
poor production processes.

00:30:24.090 --> 00:30:26.760
That's terrible.

00:30:26.760 --> 00:30:29.490
What's completely unacceptable
is that five months

00:30:29.490 --> 00:30:33.540
later, at another plant but
within the Apple supply chain,

00:30:33.540 --> 00:30:36.300
they had another
explosion and fire.

00:30:39.350 --> 00:30:43.460
It's outrageously inexcusable
that they had a second one

00:30:43.460 --> 00:30:44.300
five months later.

00:30:51.060 --> 00:30:53.820
They've set up these supply
chains exactly the way

00:30:53.820 --> 00:30:54.930
they want them.

00:30:54.930 --> 00:30:59.730
They monitor these supply
chains with exacting scrutiny

00:30:59.730 --> 00:31:02.340
so they know exactly what's
going into their products

00:31:02.340 --> 00:31:04.140
at every point along the way.

00:31:07.860 --> 00:31:09.810
- I find it really
hard to believe

00:31:09.810 --> 00:31:12.540
for any of those companies
to say they don't know where

00:31:12.540 --> 00:31:14.910
some of their stuff comes from.

00:31:14.910 --> 00:31:17.700
I find it really hard
to believe, right?

00:31:17.700 --> 00:31:19.880
Because they do.

00:31:19.880 --> 00:31:23.320
Now, they may not want
to admit it publicly.

00:31:23.320 --> 00:31:23.820
Fine.

00:31:23.820 --> 00:31:25.990
You don't have to.

00:31:25.990 --> 00:31:29.100
But they should know
where it comes from.

00:31:29.100 --> 00:31:31.509
Any good supply chain
practitioner knows that.

00:31:42.000 --> 00:31:44.000
- How often do you
upgrade your phone?

00:31:44.000 --> 00:31:45.570
- Every couple of years.

00:31:45.570 --> 00:31:47.780
- Do you upgrade often?

00:31:47.780 --> 00:31:49.260
- When I have the
money to, yeah.

00:31:49.260 --> 00:31:50.510
- Probably every year.

00:32:01.250 --> 00:32:04.280
- So you upgrade pretty often?

00:32:04.280 --> 00:32:05.810
- Yes, you have to.

00:32:05.810 --> 00:32:06.560
Yeah, you have to.

00:32:20.441 --> 00:32:22.690
- Well we have a teardown
online on iFixit of the gun.

00:32:22.690 --> 00:32:26.043
So it will show you how to
disassemble the whole thing.

00:32:26.043 --> 00:32:28.470
Yeah, absolutely.

00:32:28.470 --> 00:32:29.929
So I have an iPhone
5 here, and I'm

00:32:29.929 --> 00:32:31.719
going to show you a
little bit about what's

00:32:31.719 --> 00:32:34.330
inside, what makes it tick,
and some of the design choices

00:32:34.330 --> 00:32:36.045
that Apple made in
putting it together.

00:32:36.045 --> 00:32:38.230
So the first thing
Apple has on the bottom

00:32:38.230 --> 00:32:40.900
is two proprietary
pentalobe screws.

00:32:40.900 --> 00:32:44.080
This is a security screw that
Apple designed to keep people

00:32:44.080 --> 00:32:45.640
out of the phone.

00:32:45.640 --> 00:32:49.390
Once you get the phone open,
we can start to see the guts.

00:32:49.390 --> 00:32:51.550
This isn't really a
phone, it's pretty much

00:32:51.550 --> 00:32:53.350
a full blown computer.

00:32:53.350 --> 00:32:55.030
To make your phone
last for eight hours,

00:32:55.030 --> 00:32:57.460
you need a really big battery.

00:32:57.460 --> 00:33:00.284
Batteries in phones
last about 400 charges.

00:33:00.284 --> 00:33:02.700
Every cell phone I've ever
had, you just pop the back off.

00:33:02.700 --> 00:33:04.950
You could pull the battery
out, swap a new battery in.

00:33:04.950 --> 00:33:07.540
Every year or two, you'd
have to replace the battery.

00:33:07.540 --> 00:33:10.480
Apple has decided, with the
iPod and now the iPhone,

00:33:10.480 --> 00:33:12.440
that they don't like that model.

00:33:12.440 --> 00:33:14.440
So what they are doing
is building the batteries

00:33:14.440 --> 00:33:16.990
into the phone and using
proprietary screws on there

00:33:16.990 --> 00:33:19.240
in an attempt to limit
the lifespan of the phone

00:33:19.240 --> 00:33:21.322
to about 18 months, which
is around the time when

00:33:21.322 --> 00:33:22.780
they have a new
phone and they want

00:33:22.780 --> 00:33:23.946
you to buy a new one anyway.

00:33:41.990 --> 00:33:45.530
- iFixit is a company that wants
to see everything get fixed,

00:33:45.530 --> 00:33:48.320
so we show people how to
fix things and provide

00:33:48.320 --> 00:33:52.385
the parts, tools, and guides
to enable them to do so.

00:33:52.385 --> 00:33:54.810
"Helping everyone
fix everything."

00:33:54.810 --> 00:33:56.090
So that's the challenge.

00:33:56.090 --> 00:33:57.680
It's a big challenge
because there's

00:33:57.680 --> 00:33:59.995
millions of devices out there.

00:33:59.995 --> 00:34:03.260
- I'd say Luke and I are
reluctant capitalists.

00:34:03.260 --> 00:34:04.760
We get excited
selling screwdrivers,

00:34:04.760 --> 00:34:06.860
even though that seems
like a boring product,

00:34:06.860 --> 00:34:08.480
because we're selling
people a capability where

00:34:08.480 --> 00:34:10.438
they're able to do
something that they wouldn't

00:34:10.438 --> 00:34:11.120
have otherwise.

00:34:11.120 --> 00:34:13.760
We want to make
it simple and easy

00:34:13.760 --> 00:34:16.770
for people to repair
their own stuff.

00:34:16.770 --> 00:34:19.230
The amount of raw materials
that go into the products

00:34:19.230 --> 00:34:20.679
that we use are staggering.

00:34:20.679 --> 00:34:22.409
It's over 500 pounds
of raw material

00:34:22.409 --> 00:34:24.400
go into making a cell phone.

00:34:27.400 --> 00:34:30.580
- So here's an example of a
circuit board in this e-waste

00:34:30.580 --> 00:34:31.239
bin.

00:34:31.239 --> 00:34:35.650
This is out of an Apple
laptop from a few years ago.

00:34:35.650 --> 00:34:38.139
Even if you make this
circuit board in the most

00:34:38.139 --> 00:34:41.350
environmentally friendly way,
it's still going to use a ton

00:34:41.350 --> 00:34:42.520
of water --

00:34:42.520 --> 00:34:44.139
probably literally
a ton of water --

00:34:44.139 --> 00:34:45.730
lots and lots of materials.

00:34:49.330 --> 00:34:51.163
- We've got the new MacBook.

00:34:51.163 --> 00:34:52.630
What do we know so far?

00:34:52.630 --> 00:34:56.380
- Processor bump and
a flash speed bump.

00:34:56.380 --> 00:34:58.383
- Brand new MacBook,
nothing is different.

00:35:01.080 --> 00:35:03.300
The electronics industry
is closed in that ways that

00:35:03.300 --> 00:35:05.445
traditional American
manufacturers aren't.

00:35:05.445 --> 00:35:07.070
They're selling you
a thing and they're

00:35:07.070 --> 00:35:10.006
saying, "Well, you have it,
but you don't really own it.

00:35:10.006 --> 00:35:12.630
There's no way we're ever going
to sell you a screwdriver to be

00:35:12.630 --> 00:35:14.030
able to get into the phone."

00:35:14.030 --> 00:35:16.160
Ford would never sell you
a car and say, "We're not

00:35:16.160 --> 00:35:18.950
going to make tires available
to keep your car running

00:35:18.950 --> 00:35:20.780
after 30,000 miles."

00:35:20.780 --> 00:35:23.690
You have an entire
ecosystem, an entire industry

00:35:23.690 --> 00:35:25.550
that's built on secrecy.

00:35:25.550 --> 00:35:27.200
And we're one
organization that's

00:35:27.200 --> 00:35:29.510
trying to pry open
the hood a little bit,

00:35:29.510 --> 00:35:30.680
show people what's inside.

00:35:33.390 --> 00:35:34.920
- And we've kind
of been conditioned

00:35:34.920 --> 00:35:40.900
by manufacturers and brands to
leave yourself on the outside.

00:35:40.900 --> 00:35:42.270
"Don't worry about the details.

00:35:42.270 --> 00:35:44.100
We make this product,
we give it to you,

00:35:44.100 --> 00:35:45.780
and you just use this product."

00:35:45.780 --> 00:35:51.390
And when it stops working,
you go buy a new one.

00:35:51.390 --> 00:35:54.090
- They're pushing us into
a model where products

00:35:54.090 --> 00:35:57.030
are completely disposable.

00:35:57.030 --> 00:36:00.360
Globally, we manufactured
about 1.6 billion cell phones

00:36:00.360 --> 00:36:03.690
in 2014, and it just
keeps going up and up.

00:36:03.690 --> 00:36:06.720
And you have to ask at some
point, what is too many phones?

00:36:09.110 --> 00:36:11.240
- When we originally
started iFixit,

00:36:11.240 --> 00:36:14.840
it was just a way to provide
people with some solution

00:36:14.840 --> 00:36:17.450
to fix broken devices.

00:36:17.450 --> 00:36:21.020
And over time, we've realized
both the manufacturing

00:36:21.020 --> 00:36:24.140
and the environmental
problems are a huge concern.

00:36:32.675 --> 00:36:34.610
Over the last few years
I've been to China

00:36:34.610 --> 00:36:38.000
on a pretty regular basis, a
lot of that related to our tool

00:36:38.000 --> 00:36:39.204
manufacturing.

00:36:42.170 --> 00:36:47.199
We're looking at getting some
circuit boards manufactured.

00:36:47.199 --> 00:36:48.740
This is the big
rechargeable battery,

00:36:48.740 --> 00:36:51.860
and then this is the main
circuit board in here.

00:36:51.860 --> 00:36:53.480
So considering it's
just a flashlight,

00:36:53.480 --> 00:36:57.380
you can see it's a surprisingly
complex circuit board.

00:36:57.380 --> 00:37:01.580
And I've got the basic
schematic of the circuit board.

00:37:01.580 --> 00:37:04.860
Once we decide, we'll leave
them with the full information.

00:37:10.920 --> 00:37:14.580
Finding a supplier that is
environmentally friendly,

00:37:14.580 --> 00:37:17.130
has good quality, and
has reasonable pricing --

00:37:17.130 --> 00:37:19.350
all three of those
at once is probably

00:37:19.350 --> 00:37:20.768
going to be a challenge.

00:37:42.632 --> 00:37:44.340
Visiting factories,
we've found that it's

00:37:44.340 --> 00:37:49.330
surprisingly effective to
show up on short notice.

00:37:49.330 --> 00:37:51.850
In general, any
factory that's not

00:37:51.850 --> 00:37:54.190
willing to let you
see the factory

00:37:54.190 --> 00:37:56.590
is an immediate red flag
and, at least for us,

00:37:56.590 --> 00:37:59.070
someone that we don't
want to do business with.

00:38:07.175 --> 00:38:09.150
This is the big
line in the factory,

00:38:09.150 --> 00:38:11.150
so this is where they're
etching and bringing

00:38:11.150 --> 00:38:14.050
all these nasty acids
and other chemicals in.

00:38:17.085 --> 00:38:19.620
You've got a little
bit of acid leak here.

00:38:19.620 --> 00:38:22.910
You can see congealed acid on
the outside of the machine.

00:38:28.350 --> 00:38:31.650
I walked over to where there
were some storage tanks,

00:38:31.650 --> 00:38:36.030
and there was basically
acid all over the floor.

00:38:36.030 --> 00:38:39.660
And the moment I looked over
that, they told me immediately,

00:38:39.660 --> 00:38:40.950
"Get back away from here."

00:38:40.950 --> 00:38:43.440
And this isn't giving
me a good feeling.

00:38:46.900 --> 00:38:49.000
As far as making sure
everything's done correctly

00:38:49.000 --> 00:38:50.833
environmentally, it
doesn't seem like that's

00:38:50.833 --> 00:38:53.350
a priority for them.

00:38:53.350 --> 00:38:55.160
And thinking about
the Maozhou River,

00:38:55.160 --> 00:38:58.330
and he said that the
fact that it was so dirty

00:38:58.330 --> 00:39:00.700
was the price you had
to pay for the last 30

00:39:00.700 --> 00:39:01.811
years of development?

00:39:01.811 --> 00:39:02.310
- Yes.

00:39:05.810 --> 00:39:06.310
- So, yeah.

00:39:06.310 --> 00:39:07.810
Don't want to buy from them.

00:40:28.282 --> 00:40:31.226
- Do you feel like
Shenzhen changed a bit?

00:40:31.226 --> 00:40:33.470
- Shenzhen is
constantly changing.

00:40:36.340 --> 00:40:40.130
- A lot of industrial
parks here and there.

00:40:40.130 --> 00:40:42.552
- I spend a lot
of time traveling

00:40:42.552 --> 00:40:43.510
in and around Shenzhen.

00:40:50.482 --> 00:40:55.960
So we shall see what
they have to offer us.

00:41:04.430 --> 00:41:06.610
- This is definitely
the most professional

00:41:06.610 --> 00:41:07.970
of the factories visited.

00:41:13.290 --> 00:41:16.440
The fact that we're being taken
through this water treatment

00:41:16.440 --> 00:41:20.100
facility is a really
promising sign.

00:41:20.100 --> 00:41:23.400
You start out with
incredibly yucky water,

00:41:23.400 --> 00:41:25.170
and it goes through
a progressive series

00:41:25.170 --> 00:41:27.420
of filters and other processes.

00:41:27.420 --> 00:41:30.330
And eventually, you
end up with hopefully

00:41:30.330 --> 00:41:31.720
acceptably clean water.

00:41:34.980 --> 00:41:36.870
The coolest thing,
when the water

00:41:36.870 --> 00:41:40.260
is coming through the treatment
facility some of the water

00:41:40.260 --> 00:41:42.279
comes out and dumps
into this fountain.

00:41:42.279 --> 00:41:44.820
And they have fish in here, and
the factory owner said, well,

00:41:44.820 --> 00:41:47.100
they know the water treatment
is working OK as long

00:41:47.100 --> 00:41:49.314
as the fish are still alive.

00:41:49.314 --> 00:41:50.730
A little unfortunate
for the fish,

00:41:50.730 --> 00:41:55.090
because if something
breaks maybe the fish die.

00:41:55.090 --> 00:41:57.880
So the factory general
manager specifically

00:41:57.880 --> 00:42:01.180
said to me that lots of the
Chinese customers they have

00:42:01.180 --> 00:42:03.760
don't like the fact that they've
spent all the money to do

00:42:03.760 --> 00:42:07.900
the water treatment, because it
adds to the cost of the boards.

00:42:07.900 --> 00:42:10.240
But it's clear to me that
this would definitely

00:42:10.240 --> 00:42:13.060
be the factory to buy from
of the ones we've visited.

00:42:21.700 --> 00:42:23.710
You see here with
all these factories

00:42:23.710 --> 00:42:26.410
just the impact of all our
manufacturing and buying.

00:42:26.410 --> 00:42:29.320
Like when we were looking
at the river yesterday,

00:42:29.320 --> 00:42:31.720
all the stuff we're going
and buying at the store

00:42:31.720 --> 00:42:35.170
is messing up water and
rivers over here in Shenzhen.

00:42:35.170 --> 00:42:37.350
- Exactly.

00:42:37.350 --> 00:42:40.710
- But an American, we
never see that river.

00:42:40.710 --> 00:42:44.230
We think we've fixed all of
our environmental problems

00:42:44.230 --> 00:42:47.726
with water quality and such,
because we don't see it.

00:42:47.726 --> 00:42:49.600
So it's kind of, "out
of sight, out of mind."

00:42:56.470 --> 00:43:02.620
- This is the 2015 Skoll Awards
for Social Entrepreneurship.

00:43:02.620 --> 00:43:08.201
From the Institute of Public and
Environmental Affairs, Ma Jun.

00:43:08.201 --> 00:43:11.568
(APPLAUSE)

00:43:20.730 --> 00:43:24.720
- Ladies and gentlemen,
I'm truly honored

00:43:24.720 --> 00:43:28.680
and humbled to be the
first Chinese citizen

00:43:28.680 --> 00:43:30.405
to receive the Skoll Award.

00:43:30.405 --> 00:43:33.055
(APPLAUSE)

00:43:33.055 --> 00:43:34.013
- Thank you.

00:43:37.370 --> 00:43:41.180
I set up this Institute of
Public and Environmental

00:43:41.180 --> 00:43:44.720
Affairs, or IPE, and
our first project

00:43:44.720 --> 00:43:50.190
is to build a national
water pollution database.

00:43:50.190 --> 00:43:53.290
Though these records come
from the government sources,

00:43:53.290 --> 00:43:56.080
the public can access the
information by clicking

00:43:56.080 --> 00:43:58.560
on the locations on the map --

00:43:58.560 --> 00:44:01.090
because people want
to know who should

00:44:01.090 --> 00:44:06.610
be held responsible for such a
bad water pollution situation.

00:44:06.610 --> 00:44:14.140
And so far, we've got
more than 110,000 records

00:44:14.140 --> 00:44:15.730
of violations in our database.

00:44:19.540 --> 00:44:25.570
Environmental litigation is
still quite difficult in China.

00:44:25.570 --> 00:44:30.660
As a result, the cost of
violation is very low.

00:44:30.660 --> 00:44:34.250
It's actually lower than
the cost of compliance.

00:44:34.250 --> 00:44:36.850
So all these factories
in China, many of them

00:44:36.850 --> 00:44:40.240
would rather pay
fines year after year

00:44:40.240 --> 00:44:42.280
without really
addressing the problems.

00:44:46.760 --> 00:44:54.205
In April 2010, we filed
letters to 29 IT brands

00:44:54.205 --> 00:44:58.130
to check with them whether
those polluting factories,

00:44:58.130 --> 00:45:00.770
whether they are
their suppliers.

00:45:00.770 --> 00:45:04.147
All of them
responded, except one.

00:45:04.147 --> 00:45:04.730
That is Apple.

00:45:09.290 --> 00:45:11.950
Apple just give
us one statement,

00:45:11.950 --> 00:45:14.470
that is "We have a
long-term policy not

00:45:14.470 --> 00:45:17.550
to disclose our supply chain."

00:45:17.550 --> 00:45:19.090
That's it.

00:45:19.090 --> 00:45:21.852
- ...and we call it the iPad.

00:45:21.852 --> 00:45:23.660
(APPLAUSE)

00:45:23.660 --> 00:45:25.420
- I was quite shocked.

00:45:25.420 --> 00:45:26.710
I can't accept that.

00:45:26.710 --> 00:45:30.490
Because I think that you
could have your own culture,

00:45:30.490 --> 00:45:35.740
you can make your own policy,
but when your operation

00:45:35.740 --> 00:45:39.580
is having an impact on the
health of other people,

00:45:39.580 --> 00:45:42.737
you can't say that I've
made a policy not to talk.

00:45:52.490 --> 00:45:56.290
- Ma Jun contacted
me, and we began

00:45:56.290 --> 00:45:59.950
to work together to
apply additional pressure

00:45:59.950 --> 00:46:03.040
to a company with headquarters
here in the United States.

00:46:03.040 --> 00:46:07.180
Ma Jun singled out a number
of facilities that he believed

00:46:07.180 --> 00:46:09.550
were in Apple's
supply chain that

00:46:09.550 --> 00:46:13.660
had a very heavy environmental
impact in their locality.

00:46:13.660 --> 00:46:16.660
And when he leveled
those charges,

00:46:16.660 --> 00:46:20.770
Apple was shocked
and sort of in denial

00:46:20.770 --> 00:46:25.000
that this type of
problem, to this extent,

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.360
could really exist in
their supply chain.

00:46:29.360 --> 00:46:32.680
- I think it's important to
understand that this is not

00:46:32.680 --> 00:46:34.260
just about Apple.

00:46:34.260 --> 00:46:36.400
This is about the IT industry.

00:46:38.650 --> 00:46:42.730
- They all share printed
circuit board manufacturers.

00:46:42.730 --> 00:46:46.090
They all share
chip manufacturers.

00:46:46.090 --> 00:46:49.710
You know, despite
their audit protocols,

00:46:49.710 --> 00:46:53.860
there is a lot more talk than
walk on environmental impacts

00:46:53.860 --> 00:46:56.080
in the supply chain.

00:46:56.080 --> 00:46:58.510
You say to yourself,
how could they not know

00:46:58.510 --> 00:47:00.190
about any of these problems?

00:47:00.190 --> 00:47:03.740
But it's all what you ask, and
it's all what you look for.

00:47:03.740 --> 00:47:06.610
So if you are there and you have
a checklist of what you need

00:47:06.610 --> 00:47:07.950
and you need it now --

00:47:07.950 --> 00:47:10.426
and that checklist does
not include what's going

00:47:10.426 --> 00:47:12.925
on at the end of the pipe of
your wastewater treatment plant

00:47:13.540 --> 00:47:16.960
it's actually conceivable that
you know exactly where it's

00:47:16.960 --> 00:47:20.110
being made, you just don't know
exactly how it's being made

00:47:20.110 --> 00:47:23.200
and what the impact is.

00:47:23.200 --> 00:47:26.020
That's what's going on
not just with Apple,

00:47:26.020 --> 00:47:28.342
but with all of these companies.

00:47:28.342 --> 00:47:30.550
Forty years of operating
the Environmental Protection

00:47:30.550 --> 00:47:33.940
Agency in this country, these
are American-based companies.

00:47:33.940 --> 00:47:35.020
Hard to believe.

00:47:40.800 --> 00:47:44.310
- The battle is far
from being over.

00:47:44.310 --> 00:47:49.238
This industry is still
consuming too much resources.

00:47:52.730 --> 00:47:56.030
We still have this industry,
which is discharging so much

00:47:56.030 --> 00:47:57.080
waste --

00:47:57.080 --> 00:47:59.470
not just normal waste,
hazardous waste.

00:48:02.240 --> 00:48:08.220
And just one supplier generates
more than 100,000 tons

00:48:08.220 --> 00:48:11.910
of hazard waste in one year.

00:48:11.910 --> 00:48:16.240
How could we dispose
them in a safe way?

00:48:16.240 --> 00:48:21.396
So how much of a time bomb is
this industry going to create?

00:48:21.396 --> 00:48:24.882
(MUSIC PLAYING)

00:48:50.820 --> 00:48:53.285
- 106, lung cancer.

00:48:56.240 --> 00:49:03.540
108, Hodgkin's lymphoma.

00:49:03.540 --> 00:49:07.956
110, non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma twice.

00:49:11.850 --> 00:49:17.320
112, the son had
testicular cancer.

00:49:17.320 --> 00:49:20.804
The father had stomach cancer.

00:49:20.804 --> 00:49:23.756
(SORROWFUL MUSIC PLAYING)

00:49:45.920 --> 00:49:50.090
- Found out that IBM was
responsible for spilling

00:49:50.090 --> 00:49:51.426
a lot of chemicals.

00:49:51.426 --> 00:49:55.220
And they said,
"Sorry," you know.

00:49:55.220 --> 00:49:57.560
"We'll be glad to put in
a...," what did they call it?

00:49:57.560 --> 00:50:00.240
A mitigation system.

00:50:00.240 --> 00:50:03.300
The way they do it is they
seal the floor, and then

00:50:03.300 --> 00:50:07.890
they put this system
in the formal basement.

00:50:07.890 --> 00:50:11.570
The idea is you're
sucking the ground vapors,

00:50:11.570 --> 00:50:14.660
and we can only go
on what they tell us.

00:50:14.660 --> 00:50:18.650
- They tell us that these
vapors go up through that pipe

00:50:18.650 --> 00:50:22.970
and then come out and
immediately dissipate.

00:50:22.970 --> 00:50:26.270
And I said, you know, come on.

00:50:26.270 --> 00:50:28.970
You can best believe I
don't put my garden over

00:50:28.970 --> 00:50:32.469
underneath it, because
it's got to go somewhere.

00:50:58.950 --> 00:51:02.640
Our son, Cory, presented
the same way his father did.

00:51:02.640 --> 00:51:08.970
No low-grade fever, no
night sweats, weight loss --

00:51:08.970 --> 00:51:10.050
just pain.

00:51:10.050 --> 00:51:12.060
He had pain in his stomach.

00:51:12.060 --> 00:51:15.480
He started with his
first chemo treatment,

00:51:15.480 --> 00:51:19.590
and they said, "If there's
such a thing as a good cancer,

00:51:19.590 --> 00:51:20.760
this is it.

00:51:20.760 --> 00:51:23.330
We can fix this."

00:51:23.330 --> 00:51:28.580
And that poor kid went through
two or three rounds of chemo.

00:51:28.580 --> 00:51:33.560
They did a PET scan, and it
grew back to what it was.

00:51:33.560 --> 00:51:38.510
And this repeated six
times until they admitted

00:51:38.510 --> 00:51:41.320
it was chemo-resistant.

00:51:41.320 --> 00:51:44.110
And he went from 185 pounds...

00:51:44.110 --> 00:51:49.780
we were with him, the day
before he died he was 70 pounds.

00:51:49.780 --> 00:51:52.180
I mean I know our son
is not the only one,

00:51:52.180 --> 00:51:55.420
and there's no big
hullabaloo that's

00:51:55.420 --> 00:51:58.230
ever going to bring him back.

00:51:58.230 --> 00:52:06.290
But how many have to go before
we start realizing that money

00:52:06.290 --> 00:52:08.130
is very insignificant

00:52:08.130 --> 00:52:10.890
when it comes to the bottom
line in life, really.

00:52:17.560 --> 00:52:23.530
I brought this diagram to one
of the first town hall meetings.

00:52:23.530 --> 00:52:28.780
I'm a nurse, and I was
concerned because I believe

00:52:28.780 --> 00:52:33.190
there's a total of 16
houses, and there were

00:52:33.190 --> 00:52:35.864
12 cases of cancer in them.

00:52:38.580 --> 00:52:40.740
- I'm sure there's
other cancer cases.

00:52:43.350 --> 00:52:45.900
These are ones where we
knew the people personally.

00:52:48.300 --> 00:52:51.960
- You know, IBM can
do all they want,

00:52:51.960 --> 00:52:55.710
but I don't think anything
they're doing could ever

00:52:55.710 --> 00:52:59.670
change the impact

00:52:59.670 --> 00:53:01.182
of what has happened
in our lives.

00:53:24.810 --> 00:53:26.670
- In electronics at
this moment of time,

00:53:26.670 --> 00:53:29.790
I believe we're in
the dinosaur age.

00:53:29.790 --> 00:53:32.910
We're using too many resources,
too many raw materials,

00:53:32.910 --> 00:53:35.820
and the life of the computer is
typically three to four years.

00:53:44.430 --> 00:53:46.976
We're a small
company in Ireland,

00:53:46.976 --> 00:53:52.200
and our mission is to produce
a fair-trade computer.

00:53:56.600 --> 00:53:59.600
In the early days, I
repaired component levels

00:53:59.600 --> 00:54:03.490
on the computers,
on the motherboards.

00:54:03.490 --> 00:54:06.839
From that, I noticed that there
was a huge amount of waste

00:54:06.839 --> 00:54:07.880
in the computer industry.

00:54:11.180 --> 00:54:14.420
So we started
designing and building

00:54:14.420 --> 00:54:19.050
updatable, upgradeable,
reusable computers.

00:54:19.050 --> 00:54:23.200
This is my father's
environmental drill.

00:54:23.200 --> 00:54:25.348
No electricity,
and you just drill.

00:54:29.830 --> 00:54:32.200
How could you build a
computer without plastic?

00:54:32.200 --> 00:54:35.950
How could you build a computer
without lead, mercury, PBCs,

00:54:35.950 --> 00:54:40.740
brominated flame retardants,
and all the other heavy metals?

00:54:40.740 --> 00:54:41.610
That was our goal.

00:54:47.798 --> 00:54:51.070
The material we use is wood.

00:54:51.070 --> 00:54:57.880
So it's technology of 100 years
ago, but it's perfectly good.

00:54:57.880 --> 00:55:01.210
Our computers will
last 7 to 10 years

00:55:01.210 --> 00:55:04.780
because home users,
non-technical people,

00:55:04.780 --> 00:55:07.510
can repair and replace it.

00:55:07.510 --> 00:55:12.150
I'm now replacing the memory.

00:55:12.150 --> 00:55:14.730
You can extend the life
of it by upgradeability.

00:55:17.350 --> 00:55:20.620
This year coming is a
very big year for us.

00:55:20.620 --> 00:55:24.250
In March, we will be
at CeBIT in Germany.

00:55:24.250 --> 00:55:27.094
It's probably the second
largest fair in the world,

00:55:27.094 --> 00:55:27.760
electronic fair.

00:55:27.760 --> 00:55:30.190
And we will show
our computers there.

00:55:32.880 --> 00:55:35.150
- The problem is
the laptop, which

00:55:35.150 --> 00:55:36.620
is just at prototype stage.

00:55:36.620 --> 00:55:40.880
And I'm trying to get a
manufacturer that would produce

00:55:40.880 --> 00:55:42.620
it at a reasonable price.

00:55:42.620 --> 00:55:45.840
- The volume is
minimum 5,000 plus.

00:55:45.840 --> 00:55:47.090
That's the only way, you know.

00:55:47.090 --> 00:55:50.890
Once you're beyond 5,000,
you now have a factory.

00:55:50.890 --> 00:55:52.530
You're running a factory.

00:55:52.530 --> 00:55:56.190
- I think it's great that we're
having the launch at the CeBIT.

00:55:56.190 --> 00:56:00.140
Especially with the delegates
that are going to be there,

00:56:00.140 --> 00:56:03.020
it's a great opportunity
for them to see the product.

00:56:03.020 --> 00:56:05.186
I think it's all
about the message.

00:56:05.186 --> 00:56:06.560
We're doing all
the right things.

00:56:06.560 --> 00:56:07.851
We're the only people doing it.

00:56:07.851 --> 00:56:09.350
We're leading by example.

00:56:09.350 --> 00:56:11.120
We're a small little
company showing

00:56:11.120 --> 00:56:12.410
these things can be done.

00:56:31.390 --> 00:56:36.180
- Today is our major
launch in Europe.

00:56:36.180 --> 00:56:40.404
We have lots of invites
sent out to people.

00:56:40.404 --> 00:56:41.950
- Are you nervous?

00:56:41.950 --> 00:56:43.290
- Yes.

00:56:43.290 --> 00:56:43.790
Always.

00:56:46.970 --> 00:56:48.500
We have a lot riding on this.

00:56:48.500 --> 00:56:51.960
So it's quite important
that the launch is good,

00:56:51.960 --> 00:56:56.560
and we can meet people and
explain what we're doing.

00:56:56.560 --> 00:56:59.570
What I've brought for you is...

00:56:59.570 --> 00:57:01.540
to see.

00:57:01.540 --> 00:57:04.580
I've also brought the
laptop, which you didn't see.

00:57:04.580 --> 00:57:06.463
- That's right, I
don't know this.

00:57:09.830 --> 00:57:10.792
Nice piece.

00:57:14.650 --> 00:57:17.890
- We were awarded the world's
first European Ecolabel

00:57:17.890 --> 00:57:20.620
for integrated
desktop computers.

00:57:20.620 --> 00:57:23.940
It was the world's first
to ever achieve this award.

00:57:23.940 --> 00:57:27.610
And at that time I thought,
wow, the gates will open,

00:57:27.610 --> 00:57:29.540
the orders will flood in.

00:57:29.540 --> 00:57:31.720
But that was not the case.

00:57:31.720 --> 00:57:35.040
Maybe a little bit of
naivete on my part.

00:57:35.040 --> 00:57:36.220
It's hard out there.

00:57:36.220 --> 00:57:38.590
Like government agencies
and people like that,

00:57:38.590 --> 00:57:41.080
there is no room
for environmental.

00:57:41.080 --> 00:57:44.670
They are totally
just bottom line.

00:57:44.670 --> 00:57:45.680
- So we have a crowd.

00:57:45.680 --> 00:57:47.841
We have a crowd at our
stand again, you know.

00:57:50.790 --> 00:57:53.070
Have you an interest
in environmental?

00:57:53.070 --> 00:57:56.458
A laptop made from industrial
waste, it's made from pallets.

00:58:00.090 --> 00:58:03.290
We're getting lots and lots of
students and younger people,

00:58:03.290 --> 00:58:06.950
and they all had
a huge interest.

00:58:06.950 --> 00:58:10.010
Most of the people that have
come to us are stating it.

00:58:10.010 --> 00:58:11.720
"Why can we not repair them?

00:58:11.720 --> 00:58:13.710
Why can we not
replace a battery?

00:58:13.710 --> 00:58:16.021
Why can we not
replace a hard drive?

00:58:16.021 --> 00:58:17.645
Why does it only last
for three years?"

00:58:20.180 --> 00:58:24.040
I'm looking at it now, it's
one little step at a time.

00:58:24.040 --> 00:58:28.430
But what we need to do is work
harder, build more computers,

00:58:28.430 --> 00:58:31.012
and get people to join us.

00:58:42.379 --> 00:58:44.420
- What do you do with your
old electronic devices

00:58:44.420 --> 00:58:45.545
that you don't use anymore?

00:58:45.545 --> 00:58:48.190
Like, when you get a new iPhone?

00:58:48.190 --> 00:58:51.880
- At the moment, it's lying
somewhere in a closet.

00:58:51.880 --> 00:58:54.100
- I believe it's in a
drawer in my desk at home.

00:59:00.420 --> 00:59:02.830
- I'm hoping that someone's
out there recycling them,

00:59:02.830 --> 00:59:05.680
or they're being
fixed and reused.

00:59:05.680 --> 00:59:09.550
- Part of the reason why I
still kept my old phone was I

00:59:09.550 --> 00:59:13.120
really didn't know
what to do with it,

00:59:13.120 --> 00:59:15.370
and I had no idea what
happens if I get rid of it.

00:59:25.350 --> 00:59:29.310
- For the first 20 years that
I was involved in electronics,

00:59:29.310 --> 00:59:31.740
the focus was on production.

00:59:31.740 --> 00:59:35.010
But as the industry
grew and expanded,

00:59:35.010 --> 00:59:37.170
I realized along with a
number of other people

00:59:37.170 --> 00:59:41.490
that it was not only the
production-related hazards that

00:59:41.490 --> 00:59:44.430
were a problem, it was what
happened to these products

00:59:44.430 --> 00:59:47.580
as they became obsolete.

00:59:47.580 --> 00:59:49.620
This industry has
grown so rapidly

00:59:49.620 --> 00:59:53.550
that it's becoming much
more of a resource suck.

00:59:53.550 --> 00:59:56.460
It is just taking up
so many resources.

00:59:56.460 --> 00:59:58.515
We have to find ways
of reusing our devices.

01:00:05.910 --> 01:00:10.230
- Americans toss out a
lot of gadgets every day.

01:00:10.230 --> 01:00:13.830
If we look at the three million
or so tons of electronic waste

01:00:13.830 --> 01:00:17.280
that gets generated in the
United States every year,

01:00:17.280 --> 01:00:23.040
probably 15% of
that gets recycled.

01:00:23.040 --> 01:00:26.910
And some percent of
that gets recycled

01:00:26.910 --> 01:00:28.230
in a responsible fashion.

01:00:38.430 --> 01:00:39.310
- Holy cow.

01:00:39.310 --> 01:00:42.810
- Yeah, now this is the
way it all comes in.

01:00:42.810 --> 01:00:48.180
What you'll see now is this
line is doing desktop computers.

01:00:48.180 --> 01:00:50.730
Lisa is working on
one right now where

01:00:50.730 --> 01:00:53.970
she'll take the whole
desktop computer,

01:00:53.970 --> 01:00:56.040
take it down to the parts.

01:00:56.040 --> 01:00:57.950
So you see, the parts
are in the boxes.

01:00:57.950 --> 01:00:58.770
- Right.

01:00:58.770 --> 01:01:01.545
- We've got wire, plastics.

01:01:04.650 --> 01:01:06.395
So the value, you
can see, is going up.

01:01:06.395 --> 01:01:07.770
Because now these
are the boards.

01:01:07.770 --> 01:01:10.410
- OK, so this is
where the potential

01:01:10.410 --> 01:01:11.850
for a little bit of money is.

01:01:11.850 --> 01:01:12.650
Right there.

01:01:12.650 --> 01:01:14.250
- Right in here is
where the money is.

01:01:14.250 --> 01:01:15.450
- OK, is that gold?

01:01:15.450 --> 01:01:16.960
- In the gold, yes.

01:01:37.960 --> 01:01:40.000
- We have very
little relationship

01:01:40.000 --> 01:01:43.010
to our garbage here.

01:01:43.010 --> 01:01:46.460
We throw it away, and my point
as an environmental geographer

01:01:46.460 --> 01:01:48.540
is to say, where is "away?"

01:01:48.540 --> 01:01:50.764
"Away" is here, for someone.

01:01:50.764 --> 01:01:53.746
(HEAVY ROCK MUSIC PLAYING)

01:05:43.890 --> 01:05:46.460
- We think, "OK, we'll
send our e-waste to China.

01:05:46.460 --> 01:05:47.210
Let them burn it.

01:05:47.210 --> 01:05:49.040
Let them have the pollution."

01:05:49.040 --> 01:05:52.370
But we have to remember
that air pollution travels

01:05:52.370 --> 01:05:54.410
around the globe.

01:05:54.410 --> 01:05:56.960
That pollution is getting
lofted into the atmosphere

01:05:56.960 --> 01:05:58.580
and coming right back to us.

01:06:01.390 --> 01:06:03.310
Metal is a metal is
a metal, you know.

01:06:03.310 --> 01:06:06.250
And there's no other form
for it to convert to.

01:06:06.250 --> 01:06:09.720
You can convert it from
being in the soil to being

01:06:09.720 --> 01:06:12.820
water to being in the air,
but you still have a metal.

01:06:18.110 --> 01:06:20.660
In our work, we
fly through clouds

01:06:20.660 --> 01:06:24.110
and we sample the
cloud droplets.

01:06:24.110 --> 01:06:26.330
And we measure the
chemistry of each one

01:06:26.330 --> 01:06:29.860
very fast as you're
flying through a cloud.

01:06:29.860 --> 01:06:33.170
They're flashing as fast as
you can imagine on a screen,

01:06:33.170 --> 01:06:35.120
and we collect all
that information.

01:06:35.120 --> 01:06:38.930
And what we get is what's
a chemical fingerprint.

01:06:38.930 --> 01:06:40.430
In California, where
they're getting

01:06:40.430 --> 01:06:42.530
rid of lead in gasoline,

01:06:42.530 --> 01:06:45.590
we've reduced the
amount of lead we have.

01:06:45.590 --> 01:06:49.190
And so when lead shows up,
that is one of the tracers

01:06:49.190 --> 01:06:52.190
that we say, "Hmm, this
could be from elsewhere."

01:06:52.190 --> 01:06:55.580
And we can trace it
back in time and say,

01:06:55.580 --> 01:06:58.520
four days ago this
air was over Asia.

01:07:05.640 --> 01:07:07.039
So, let's look at this first.

01:07:07.039 --> 01:07:07.705
This is amazing.

01:07:07.705 --> 01:07:09.910
How long has she
been doing this?

01:07:09.910 --> 01:07:12.360
The hit rate's really high.

01:07:12.360 --> 01:07:15.030
We look at what are called
"aerosol particles" --

01:07:15.030 --> 01:07:17.580
little microscopic
bits of dust and soot

01:07:17.580 --> 01:07:19.920
that float around
in our atmosphere.

01:07:19.920 --> 01:07:22.140
And then we've been
using them to understand

01:07:22.140 --> 01:07:24.270
how they affect our climate,

01:07:24.270 --> 01:07:26.440
and how they affect the
clouds, and the weather.

01:07:34.160 --> 01:07:37.510
When you have more pollution
and you have more aerosols,

01:07:37.510 --> 01:07:39.280
those go into the cloud.

01:07:39.280 --> 01:07:43.450
And you have so many that they
can't get big enough to fall

01:07:43.450 --> 01:07:46.300
and lead to rain.

01:07:46.300 --> 01:07:48.160
And it's giving
you these extremes

01:07:48.160 --> 01:07:51.850
of either not enough water
in some places, and way too

01:07:51.850 --> 01:07:53.470
much water in other places.

01:07:57.960 --> 01:08:00.540
What happens if we
push it too far?

01:08:00.540 --> 01:08:04.710
We'll start to see more of
these extreme events, things

01:08:04.710 --> 01:08:06.600
like flooding and hurricanes.

01:08:09.750 --> 01:08:12.720
These are what people often
refer to as tipping points,

01:08:12.720 --> 01:08:16.194
and that's what we're very
concerned about happening.

01:08:26.050 --> 01:08:29.229
I think people take for granted
that the world will always

01:08:29.229 --> 01:08:29.979
be here for us.

01:08:29.979 --> 01:08:30.779
It was somehow...

01:08:30.779 --> 01:08:36.149
it's ours, and so we
can just use it up.

01:08:36.149 --> 01:08:39.210
I'd like to leave something
for my kids and their kids

01:08:39.210 --> 01:08:40.710
to be able to enjoy.

01:08:40.710 --> 01:08:42.440
And I just see it slipping away.

01:08:45.380 --> 01:08:48.660
You know, we're responsible
for taking care of this planet

01:08:48.660 --> 01:08:51.290
and we need to realize
that each individual is

01:08:51.290 --> 01:08:53.750
responsible in every
choice we make, every day.

01:08:57.490 --> 01:09:02.500
- My attachment to my devices
is more complicated now.

01:09:02.500 --> 01:09:04.870
It's hard to get excited
about the next new model

01:09:04.870 --> 01:09:08.130
or upgrade, knowing what
they really cost to make.

01:09:13.689 --> 01:09:16.300
The industry, in
its constant search

01:09:16.300 --> 01:09:19.210
for cheaper workers
and land, is moving

01:09:19.210 --> 01:09:22.370
on to new countries with
few government safeguards

01:09:22.370 --> 01:09:23.813
or inspections.

01:09:29.590 --> 01:09:32.710
We all have a share
in this problem,

01:09:32.710 --> 01:09:36.100
but we can use our voices
and our buying power

01:09:36.100 --> 01:09:38.479
to demand real labor safety

01:09:38.479 --> 01:09:40.347
and greater environmental
protections.

01:09:43.330 --> 01:09:45.520
The digital revolution
has improved our lives

01:09:45.520 --> 01:09:48.710
in so many ways.

01:09:48.710 --> 01:09:50.540
We need to make sure
it doesn't rob us

01:09:50.540 --> 01:09:52.608
of our health and our planet.

01:10:02.032 --> 01:10:04.512
(MUSIC PLAYING)

01:10:31.780 --> 01:10:33.450
- Do you feel like
you, as a consumer,

01:10:33.450 --> 01:10:36.180
have anything you
can do about this?

01:10:36.180 --> 01:10:41.730
- I think consuming
not too often helps.

01:10:41.730 --> 01:10:43.500
- I would upgrade less often.

01:10:43.500 --> 01:10:44.910
I would absolutely do that.

01:10:44.910 --> 01:10:47.880
- I can put together a
petition to these companies,

01:10:47.880 --> 01:10:49.890
and ask them to be
more responsible

01:10:49.890 --> 01:10:51.446
in their work practices.

01:10:53.350 --> 01:10:56.470
- Would you be interested
in buying a green phone?

01:10:56.470 --> 01:10:58.270
- Oh, a green device
would be great.

01:10:58.270 --> 01:11:01.240
- I would pay actually
more for a green device.

01:11:05.470 --> 01:11:05.970
- I'd pay.

01:11:05.970 --> 01:11:07.680
I'd pay for a green phone.

01:11:07.680 --> 01:11:08.850
- I would pay more for it.

01:11:08.850 --> 01:11:10.860
We already pay more
for stuff that we

01:11:10.860 --> 01:11:12.800
consider organic or ethical.

01:11:12.800 --> 01:11:14.830
We already do.