00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.540
In the year 2050, there'll
be nine billion people.

00:00:08.330 --> 00:00:12.580
How do we feed them fairly,
safely, and well, and make

00:00:12.580 --> 00:00:14.460
sure every mouth is fed?

00:00:14.460 --> 00:00:35.120
Narrator: 40-year-old Man Mohan
Tiwari was working for a

00:00:38.070 --> 00:00:43.860
top financial firm in India's
thriving capital, Delhi, 1,000

00:00:43.860 --> 00:00:46.060
people reporting to him.

00:00:46.060 --> 00:00:47.145
He had it all.

00:00:47.145 --> 00:00:51.250
Then, he gained weight
and lost confidence.

00:00:51.250 --> 00:00:54.460
His fight with obesity
had begun.

00:00:54.460 --> 00:00:59.980
Now, in the last year,
he's lost 30 kilos.

00:00:59.980 --> 00:01:04.090
- My weight was around 97
kilos when I started on

00:01:04.090 --> 00:01:05.740
February 2011.

00:01:05.740 --> 00:01:12.700
And I reduced it to around 67,
68 within nine months.

00:01:12.700 --> 00:01:14.960
I used to look very
unpresentable.

00:01:14.960 --> 00:01:17.770
There was a time that I used to
feel that it's not possible

00:01:17.770 --> 00:01:19.620
for me to reduce my weight.

00:01:19.620 --> 00:01:21.320
The life is so hard.

00:01:21.320 --> 00:01:23.290
In a nucleus family, the husband
and wife are there,

00:01:23.290 --> 00:01:24.680
and they both are working.

00:01:24.680 --> 00:01:27.750
So if they come back
in the evening at 8

00:01:27.750 --> 00:01:29.440
o'clock, now what to do?

00:01:29.440 --> 00:01:33.410
It's better for them to order
out or fast food kind of a

00:01:33.410 --> 00:01:36.470
thing rather than cooking
chipati or rice or

00:01:36.470 --> 00:01:37.870
[INAUDIBLE].

00:01:37.870 --> 00:01:40.980
Narrator: For Man Mohan, future
food is healthy food.

00:01:40.980 --> 00:01:45.170
He's cut the junk food, sugars,
fats, and salt, and

00:01:45.170 --> 00:01:47.602
says there's a lesson
for us all.

00:01:47.602 --> 00:01:51.880
TIWARI: Let's lead a long life
and a healthy life by having a

00:01:51.880 --> 00:01:54.405
disciplined and good food.

00:01:54.405 --> 00:01:56.730
Narrator: Man Mohan's
won the battle --

00:01:56.730 --> 00:01:59.290
prosperity without obesity.

00:01:59.290 --> 00:02:02.850
Now, the rest of the world
faces the same dynamic.

00:02:02.850 --> 00:02:06.267
How to feed the future without
a new kind of malnutrition?

00:02:06.267 --> 00:02:14.490
- As people have better incomes,
the diets change.

00:02:18.550 --> 00:02:20.220
The culture changes.

00:02:20.220 --> 00:02:24.350
They want processed foods,
quick, fast.

00:02:24.350 --> 00:02:28.130
A double career family, they
all come back from work at

00:02:28.130 --> 00:02:30.120
about 6:00, 7:00, 8:00 PM.

00:02:30.120 --> 00:02:32.860
What is this fastest
food to cook?

00:02:32.860 --> 00:02:33.990
Open the can.

00:02:33.990 --> 00:02:36.710
Open the packet, and dump
everything together.

00:02:36.710 --> 00:02:37.960
It's junk food.

00:02:37.960 --> 00:02:50.680
Narrator: Every day as India
wakes, 1.2 billion

00:02:54.140 --> 00:02:56.020
people need to be fed.

00:02:56.020 --> 00:03:00.040
By 2050, it could
be 1.7 billion.

00:03:00.040 --> 00:03:02.890
Traditionally, Indians have
eaten the healthy cuisine of

00:03:02.890 --> 00:03:05.170
India's 29 states.

00:03:05.170 --> 00:03:07.670
But as people moved to the
cities, there's a growing

00:03:07.670 --> 00:03:10.380
demand for fast processed
food --

00:03:10.380 --> 00:03:14.600
the so-called junk food, accused
of causing obesity and

00:03:14.600 --> 00:03:16.860
chronic health problems.

00:03:16.860 --> 00:03:19.250
Now, India is a country
on the edge of two

00:03:19.250 --> 00:03:21.240
possible futures --

00:03:21.240 --> 00:03:24.750
a future that's well fed and
healthy, or a future with

00:03:24.750 --> 00:03:28.294
Western diets and
Western obesity.

00:03:28.294 --> 00:03:30.970
- Now, we are going to this
whole western trend.

00:03:30.970 --> 00:03:31.370
We think about burgers.

00:03:31.370 --> 00:03:33.520
We think about french fries.

00:03:33.520 --> 00:03:34.770
So it's like the hamburger
assault.

00:03:34.770 --> 00:03:38.256
- I like eating junk
food at times.

00:03:40.163 --> 00:03:42.330
But it's not like I
hate healthy food.

00:03:42.330 --> 00:03:46.910
- Just banning junk food in
school doesn't stop us from

00:03:50.740 --> 00:03:54.040
having junk food.

00:03:54.040 --> 00:03:56.350
- As people have moved to the
cities, they've become

00:03:56.350 --> 00:04:00.280
dependent on highly processed
foods, which are heavy in

00:04:00.280 --> 00:04:04.930
sugar, in fat, in salt, which
are processed in order to have

00:04:04.930 --> 00:04:06.150
a long shelf life.

00:04:06.150 --> 00:04:09.510
Instead, we must allow urban
consumers to have access to

00:04:09.510 --> 00:04:12.840
fresh, nutritious foods that are
produced locally because

00:04:12.840 --> 00:04:15.160
that is most healthy.

00:04:15.160 --> 00:04:17.790
Narrator: Tulika Verma lives
in the Delhi suburbs.

00:04:17.790 --> 00:04:19.769
She doesn't do junk food.

00:04:19.769 --> 00:04:23.390
She eats nutritious fresh food
with husband Rahul and their

00:04:23.390 --> 00:04:24.990
son and daughter.

00:04:24.990 --> 00:04:27.680
They're appalled there have been
no systems or guidelines

00:04:27.680 --> 00:04:31.140
in India to keep junk food away
from schools, where they

00:04:31.140 --> 00:04:33.880
feel children are especially
vulnerable.

00:04:33.880 --> 00:04:36.900
- I don't rely on junk food
because we're not sure what

00:04:36.900 --> 00:04:41.750
kind of ingredients they have,
and its preparation, also.

00:04:41.750 --> 00:04:45.640
- These kind of food can make
them happy for a few minutes.

00:04:45.640 --> 00:04:46.270
But in the long term,
it'll increase --

00:04:46.270 --> 00:04:48.920
- It'll increase their problems
that they are facing.

00:04:48.920 --> 00:04:49.864
- Yes.

00:04:49.864 --> 00:04:52.770
Narrator: Tulika and her husband
run an NGO, the Uday

00:04:52.770 --> 00:04:55.650
Foundation, helping children
with serious medical

00:04:55.650 --> 00:04:56.980
conditions.

00:04:56.980 --> 00:05:00.290
Mostly, it's disease
or genetic defects.

00:05:00.290 --> 00:05:03.620
But for many city kids like
these, junk food is an

00:05:03.620 --> 00:05:06.320
increasing issue.

00:05:06.320 --> 00:05:10.160
- What we know is that some
children are having health

00:05:10.160 --> 00:05:13.720
problems which are inborn
or due to some disease.

00:05:13.720 --> 00:05:18.970
But some children are getting
into it due to excessive

00:05:18.970 --> 00:05:21.930
consumption of junk food
in their routine.

00:05:21.930 --> 00:05:25.520
And that is really harmful
for their health.

00:05:25.520 --> 00:05:28.490
Narrator: Malnutrition, experts
say, can be an illness

00:05:28.490 --> 00:05:30.560
carried across the generations,

00:05:30.560 --> 00:05:32.350
especially by women.

00:05:32.350 --> 00:05:37.920
And prosperity is no guarantee
of an end to malnutrition.

00:05:37.920 --> 00:05:40.510
- Well, malnutrition is
not that correlated

00:05:40.510 --> 00:05:41.760
with wealth in India.

00:05:41.760 --> 00:05:45.070
What you find is malnutrition
can take a variety of forms.

00:05:45.070 --> 00:05:46.880
You can have low calorie
malnutrition.

00:05:46.880 --> 00:05:49.280
You can have high calorie
malnutrition.

00:05:49.280 --> 00:05:51.930
In the developed world, we're
seeing an era of high calorie

00:05:51.930 --> 00:05:53.330
malnutrition.

00:05:53.330 --> 00:05:56.260
In the developing world,
we're seeing both.

00:05:56.260 --> 00:06:01.000
What I think is happening is
very rapid economic growth is

00:06:01.000 --> 00:06:05.180
putting wealth in many new hands
in contexts like India.

00:06:05.180 --> 00:06:08.710
So you have children who are
born of mothers who were

00:06:08.710 --> 00:06:10.170
poorly nourished.

00:06:10.170 --> 00:06:13.980
And yet, as they grow up, they
get access to more and more

00:06:13.980 --> 00:06:16.020
fat, more and more protein.

00:06:16.020 --> 00:06:19.370
We find that children of low
birth weights, children with

00:06:19.370 --> 00:06:22.570
poor early childhood health, are
at more risk of becoming

00:06:22.570 --> 00:06:25.600
obese, developing heart disease,
developing diabetes,

00:06:25.600 --> 00:06:27.000
developing stroke.

00:06:27.000 --> 00:06:30.450
Those poor health indicators in
early childhood give them a

00:06:30.450 --> 00:06:33.100
propensity to contract
these types of

00:06:33.100 --> 00:06:35.350
illnesses later on in life.

00:06:35.350 --> 00:06:37.670
Narrator: School kids in India
are less likely to be

00:06:37.670 --> 00:06:41.420
overweight than young people in
China, Russia, Brazil, and

00:06:41.420 --> 00:06:45.030
the USA, where one in six
young people are obese.

00:06:45.030 --> 00:06:48.940
But it's far from being
entirely good news.

00:06:48.940 --> 00:06:52.120
Delhi based doctor Anoop Misra
is one of the world's leading

00:06:52.120 --> 00:06:54.980
experts on nutrition
and obesity.

00:06:54.980 --> 00:06:56.550
He's especially concerned
about junk

00:06:56.550 --> 00:06:59.530
food's impact over time.

00:06:59.530 --> 00:07:02.160
- I think it's damaging
to all age groups.

00:07:02.160 --> 00:07:08.290
But the earlier you start, the
worse it is because if you

00:07:08.290 --> 00:07:11.780
start with the nine to 11 years
age group, and we've

00:07:11.780 --> 00:07:17.500
studied this particular age
group, the obesity tends to

00:07:17.500 --> 00:07:21.590
become much more harmful within
a short period of time.

00:07:21.590 --> 00:07:26.100
And these children exhibit a
whole lot of biochemical

00:07:26.100 --> 00:07:29.320
problems that we
find in adults.

00:07:29.320 --> 00:07:32.660
Narrator: US based writer on
food, Raj Patel, has studied

00:07:32.660 --> 00:07:35.020
the effect of growing
prosperity on

00:07:35.020 --> 00:07:37.040
India's diet and health.

00:07:37.040 --> 00:07:40.100
He says the switch to processed
food is already

00:07:40.100 --> 00:07:42.330
taking its toll.

00:07:42.330 --> 00:07:45.090
- If you walk in the streets,
you won't notice people who

00:07:45.090 --> 00:07:47.780
are as overweight as they are,
say, when you walk in the

00:07:47.780 --> 00:07:48.970
streets of New York.

00:07:48.970 --> 00:07:51.770
But appearances can
be deceptive.

00:07:51.770 --> 00:07:56.890
And actually, if you look at
the diabetes rates, India's

00:07:56.890 --> 00:07:59.800
cities have diabetes rates that
are far higher than the

00:07:59.800 --> 00:08:00.650
United States.

00:08:00.650 --> 00:08:02.790
If you look at some of the
southern cities in India,

00:08:02.790 --> 00:08:04.380
diabetes rates are at 20%.

00:08:04.380 --> 00:08:06.520
That's an epidemic.

00:08:06.520 --> 00:08:08.930
So things are already
very bad in India.

00:08:08.930 --> 00:08:14.890
And that's a mixture of the
shift in diet plus a genetic

00:08:14.890 --> 00:08:17.460
predisposition, and a range
of other social

00:08:17.460 --> 00:08:18.970
and biological factors.

00:08:18.970 --> 00:08:23.030
So things are already
apocalyptically bad in India.

00:08:23.030 --> 00:08:25.820
Narrator: Junk food gives the
body energy without fiber,

00:08:25.820 --> 00:08:28.350
vitamins, and other nutrients.

00:08:28.350 --> 00:08:31.630
Critics claim that can cause a
health time bomb, potentially

00:08:31.630 --> 00:08:36.120
causing serious illnesses like
diabetes later in life.

00:08:36.120 --> 00:08:38.549
- Now, these kids who are
developing these obesity

00:08:38.549 --> 00:08:43.260
problems from 9 to 16 or 18
years age group, they will

00:08:43.260 --> 00:08:46.050
develop diabetes very soon,
so maybe by 20,

00:08:46.050 --> 00:08:47.340
25 years age group.

00:08:47.340 --> 00:08:50.100
And by 30, they will develop
other complications, maybe

00:08:50.100 --> 00:08:51.030
heart disease.

00:08:51.030 --> 00:08:53.890
- My advice to the Indian
government is to take this

00:08:53.890 --> 00:08:57.210
very, very seriously, to look at
what we already know about

00:08:57.210 --> 00:09:01.450
the causes of diabetes, and to
get very aggressive with

00:09:01.450 --> 00:09:03.940
limiting the exposure,
particularly that children

00:09:03.940 --> 00:09:09.140
have, to the marketing that
encourages children to want

00:09:09.140 --> 00:09:10.400
these goods.

00:09:10.400 --> 00:09:13.720
But also to start getting very
aggressive about thinking of

00:09:13.720 --> 00:09:18.030
new ways in which diet in urban
areas can be transformed

00:09:18.030 --> 00:09:20.630
to leapfrog the public health
issues that we already have in

00:09:20.630 --> 00:09:23.240
the United States, and to deal
with the massive public health

00:09:23.240 --> 00:09:26.190
issues that they already
have in India.

00:09:26.190 --> 00:09:28.610
Narrator: A recent study
revealed that already over one

00:09:28.610 --> 00:09:32.210
in six schoolchildren in Delhi
are overweight, and almost one

00:09:32.210 --> 00:09:34.960
in 14 are obese.

00:09:34.960 --> 00:09:37.310
It's one of the reasons why the
courts are considering a

00:09:37.310 --> 00:09:42.040
call for a ban on junk foods
in India's schools.

00:09:42.040 --> 00:09:45.000
Among the petitioners leading
the campaign are the Uday

00:09:45.000 --> 00:09:48.610
Foundation's Tulika and Rahul.

00:09:48.610 --> 00:09:50.790
Today, they're in court calling
for India's Food

00:09:50.790 --> 00:09:54.640
Safety and Standards Authority
to set up a new framework for

00:09:54.640 --> 00:09:58.740
the future of food in
India's schools.

00:09:58.740 --> 00:10:02.630
- Today, we had a date in High
Court regarding banning junk

00:10:02.630 --> 00:10:04.030
food in schools.

00:10:04.030 --> 00:10:05.270
Junk food should be banned.

00:10:05.270 --> 00:10:08.740
The government is very serious
about this issue because it's

00:10:08.740 --> 00:10:11.430
related to the future generation
of our country.

00:10:11.430 --> 00:10:15.995
The FSSAI might get the
guidelines for banning junk

00:10:15.995 --> 00:10:17.150
food in schools.

00:10:17.150 --> 00:10:18.400
That's what we're
fighting for.

00:10:18.400 --> 00:10:21.530
Narrator: 21st century life is
fueling a demand for quickly

00:10:24.590 --> 00:10:27.410
delivered food; Fast food
that's too often

00:10:27.410 --> 00:10:29.650
unhealthy junk food.

00:10:29.650 --> 00:10:32.480
A younger population, more
working women, hectic

00:10:32.480 --> 00:10:35.500
schedules, the increasing
wealth of middle class

00:10:35.500 --> 00:10:38.780
professionals, usually
office-based.

00:10:38.780 --> 00:10:42.390
Some say it's not so much fast
food as these new, more

00:10:42.390 --> 00:10:45.540
sedentary lifestyles which
cause obesity.

00:10:45.540 --> 00:10:47.910
And what's more, people
have every right to

00:10:47.910 --> 00:10:50.350
eat what they want.

00:10:50.350 --> 00:10:54.577
- I'm against laws that some
people may be calling for to

00:10:54.577 --> 00:10:59.880
ban fast food or
even junk food.

00:10:59.880 --> 00:11:04.810
While this might be an issue for
a tiny segment of India,

00:11:04.810 --> 00:11:07.710
it's not an issue for most
others who are struggling just

00:11:07.710 --> 00:11:09.700
to get their vitamins.

00:11:09.700 --> 00:11:14.410
So how is it going to work?

00:11:14.410 --> 00:11:17.535
Would it mean that you extend
the law to say, to tell

00:11:17.535 --> 00:11:20.930
parents what they can feed their
own children or not?

00:11:20.930 --> 00:11:23.660
Narrator: In Delhi, fast food
is not just Western style

00:11:23.660 --> 00:11:26.930
burgers and pizzas, but Indian
equivalents like fried

00:11:26.930 --> 00:11:30.430
baturas, fried pakora,
and aloo tikkis.

00:11:30.430 --> 00:11:32.980
The fast food industry
in India is growing

00:11:32.980 --> 00:11:35.020
by a third a year.

00:11:35.020 --> 00:11:37.950
But does convenient fast
food always have to be

00:11:37.950 --> 00:11:40.590
unhealthy junk food?

00:11:40.590 --> 00:11:43.730
Deyvani International operate
the north and east Indian

00:11:43.730 --> 00:11:47.370
franchises of KFC and Pizza
Hut, and their own Vaango

00:11:47.370 --> 00:11:50.430
chain, based on South
Indian food.

00:11:50.430 --> 00:11:54.470
Their CEO says fast food
in India has an unfair

00:11:54.470 --> 00:11:56.570
reputation.

00:11:56.570 --> 00:12:00.175
- My personal thinking is
anything you consume is bad

00:12:00.175 --> 00:12:00.730
for your health.

00:12:00.730 --> 00:12:03.020
Anything which you
consume, yeah?

00:12:03.020 --> 00:12:06.780
When you look at the fast
food, it's quite

00:12:06.780 --> 00:12:09.300
healthy, I would say.

00:12:09.300 --> 00:12:10.850
I'll give an example.

00:12:10.850 --> 00:12:12.705
We use zero trans fat oil.

00:12:12.705 --> 00:12:13.645
We've got a lot of salads.

00:12:13.645 --> 00:12:16.310
We've got a lot of soups
in our options, yeah?

00:12:16.310 --> 00:12:19.940
My personal take is that fast
food is not so bad what people

00:12:19.940 --> 00:12:22.320
perceive it to be.

00:12:22.320 --> 00:12:25.090
Narrator: It's not just the big
chains promoting the idea

00:12:25.090 --> 00:12:27.250
of healthy fast food.

00:12:27.250 --> 00:12:31.050
Tulika is visiting famous
nutritionist Ishi Khosla.

00:12:31.050 --> 00:12:33.120
Remember Man Mohan?

00:12:33.120 --> 00:12:35.540
Ishi Khosla the woman
whose healthy eating

00:12:35.540 --> 00:12:38.800
advice changed his life.

00:12:38.800 --> 00:12:39.623
- Nice to meet you.

00:12:39.623 --> 00:12:41.555
- Came to have a look
at your outlet.

00:12:41.555 --> 00:12:44.710
Narrator: She's founder of
India's Whole Foods.

00:12:44.710 --> 00:12:47.490
And she's been called one
of the country's 25

00:12:47.490 --> 00:12:48.670
most powerful women.

00:12:48.670 --> 00:12:52.150
- Is it a status symbol to have
the junk food or fast

00:12:52.150 --> 00:12:52.500
food?

00:12:52.500 --> 00:12:54.329
- Well, it becomes a trend.

00:12:54.329 --> 00:12:57.930
It becomes like peer pressure,
or whatever.

00:12:57.930 --> 00:13:01.040
Narrator: Future food could be
health food disguised as

00:13:01.040 --> 00:13:04.070
ordinary pizzas, sodas,
or burgers.

00:13:04.070 --> 00:13:05.610
- You don't say no to a burger,

00:13:05.610 --> 00:13:07.290
but you make it healthier.

00:13:07.290 --> 00:13:10.550
You don't say no to a cookie,
but you make it healthier.

00:13:10.550 --> 00:13:13.830
Even the patty here has
flax seeds in it.

00:13:13.830 --> 00:13:16.990
And we're using fantastic oil,
rice wine oil, which is

00:13:16.990 --> 00:13:18.270
mono-unsaturated fat.

00:13:18.270 --> 00:13:21.540
So you silently do the health
thing without the person

00:13:21.540 --> 00:13:23.410
getting that tag
that I'm eating

00:13:23.410 --> 00:13:25.660
something very different.

00:13:25.660 --> 00:13:28.940
Narrator: But can the global
obesity epidemic be solved at

00:13:28.940 --> 00:13:30.450
the retail level?

00:13:30.450 --> 00:13:33.880
Some say obesity's fundamental
cause is the way food's

00:13:33.880 --> 00:13:34.930
produced --

00:13:34.930 --> 00:13:38.980
industrial, often subsidized
farming, of a few crops,

00:13:38.980 --> 00:13:40.370
transported over huge

00:13:40.370 --> 00:13:43.410
distances, and heavily processed.

00:13:43.410 --> 00:13:46.230
So is there an alternative?

00:13:46.230 --> 00:13:49.490
Tulika's been doing some
research, looking at TV films

00:13:49.490 --> 00:13:54.080
on how most food is still
grown in India.

00:13:54.080 --> 00:13:57.830
There's Naryan and his wife,
Narsiva, in Andhra Pradesh.

00:13:57.830 --> 00:13:59.760
They use a blend of traditional
knowledge and

00:13:59.760 --> 00:14:03.110
scientific techniques to grow
seven different varieties of

00:14:03.110 --> 00:14:07.360
crops and vegetables on just
100 meters of land.

00:14:07.360 --> 00:14:10.320
They only make about $2 a day,
but that's still more than

00:14:10.320 --> 00:14:14.500
many small farmers in India
and the rest of the world.

00:14:14.500 --> 00:14:17.658
- Are you making money?

00:14:17.658 --> 00:14:19.670
- Yes, I am.

00:14:19.670 --> 00:14:22.486
- Do you eat your produce, or
do you sell it, as well?

00:14:22.486 --> 00:14:25.430
- We eat the produce,
and sell it as well.

00:14:25.430 --> 00:14:28.350
Narrator: Half a billion small
scale farmers like Naryan

00:14:28.350 --> 00:14:30.850
still supply most
of India's food.

00:14:30.850 --> 00:14:32.710
To some who believe
in market driven

00:14:32.710 --> 00:14:35.670
economics, this is not efficient.

00:14:35.670 --> 00:14:38.610
They say that in more advanced
economies, farms are bigger

00:14:38.610 --> 00:14:41.540
and specialize in just a few
crops, benefiting from

00:14:41.540 --> 00:14:43.200
economies of scale.

00:14:43.200 --> 00:14:46.840
That means fewer farmers who
are, per person, more

00:14:46.840 --> 00:14:48.530
productive.

00:14:48.530 --> 00:14:51.250
- The number of people who are
dependent on agriculture is

00:14:51.250 --> 00:14:52.860
not a sign of our strength.

00:14:52.860 --> 00:14:54.950
It's a sign of weakness.

00:14:54.950 --> 00:14:59.440
Every country which is developed
agriculturally

00:14:59.440 --> 00:15:03.060
requires a very small percentage
of the population

00:15:03.060 --> 00:15:06.510
capable of feeding the
rest and beyond.

00:15:06.510 --> 00:15:09.220
A few years ago, there was this
big survey in India which

00:15:09.220 --> 00:15:12.415
found 40% of Indian farmers
want to sell and move out.

00:15:12.415 --> 00:15:14.230
And they can't.

00:15:14.230 --> 00:15:17.810
Because where will they go?

00:15:17.810 --> 00:15:22.730
India is often the number one
producer in terms of volume.

00:15:22.730 --> 00:15:25.910
But way behind in terms
of productivity.

00:15:25.910 --> 00:15:29.110
And this is a price that the
farmers tend to pay.

00:15:29.110 --> 00:15:32.530
The poverty in agriculture is
a reflection of this low

00:15:32.530 --> 00:15:33.780
productivity.

00:15:33.780 --> 00:15:36.760
Narrator: But there's another
vision of future farming.

00:15:40.080 --> 00:15:44.130
Tulika's driving 200 miles north
of Delhi to Dehradun.

00:15:44.130 --> 00:15:47.730
She's here to meet
Vandana Shiva.

00:15:50.250 --> 00:15:53.070
She's a globally famous
development expert and the

00:15:53.070 --> 00:15:57.970
force behind the Navdanya
Network of organic farmers.

00:15:57.970 --> 00:16:00.790
Tulika wants to know their
answer to obesity and

00:16:00.790 --> 00:16:01.060
malnutrition.

00:16:01.060 --> 00:16:06.310
- ...to find out in a country
like ours, there are so many

00:16:06.310 --> 00:16:08.720
healthier ways of growing
crops, healthier ways of

00:16:08.720 --> 00:16:12.820
making food, still we are going
into the trap of this

00:16:12.820 --> 00:16:15.455
western junk food, which
is harming us.

00:16:15.455 --> 00:16:17.660
Our future generations, also.

00:16:17.660 --> 00:16:20.680
So what, according to you, is
the way to come out of this

00:16:20.680 --> 00:16:23.850
trap, and what options we
can offer to our future

00:16:23.850 --> 00:16:26.220
generations?

00:16:26.220 --> 00:16:28.910
- This country is a
land of diversity.

00:16:28.910 --> 00:16:31.900
Anything you touch here is
a source of nutrition.

00:16:31.900 --> 00:16:35.270
Behind you, this beautiful curry
patta that the south

00:16:35.270 --> 00:16:38.690
Indians put in all their rasam
and sambar, one of the richest

00:16:38.690 --> 00:16:43.070
sources of vitamin A. I don't
think there's any culture in

00:16:43.070 --> 00:16:46.190
the world that eats
as much diversity

00:16:46.190 --> 00:16:48.170
as the Indian cuisine.

00:16:48.170 --> 00:16:52.360
Why are the fast foods of the
West so wrong for our body?

00:16:52.360 --> 00:16:54.040
First, actually, they're
not fast.

00:16:54.040 --> 00:16:59.060
If you take the full chain
of supply, food was taken

00:16:59.060 --> 00:16:59.950
processed...

00:16:59.950 --> 00:17:00.910
- Transported...

00:17:00.910 --> 00:17:01.970
- Frozen!

00:17:01.970 --> 00:17:04.569
So it's actually a
very long chain.

00:17:04.569 --> 00:17:06.930
It's not a quick food.

00:17:06.930 --> 00:17:09.599
Narrator: In the future, say
Navdanya, Indians could eat

00:17:09.599 --> 00:17:13.190
far more like they do here,
cooking a rich variety of

00:17:13.190 --> 00:17:16.096
healthy, indigenous crops.

00:17:16.096 --> 00:17:19.020
- Now, if we were to take a
tally of everyday eating, my

00:17:19.020 --> 00:17:22.859
guess is a minimum of 25 plants
go into our jira,

00:17:22.859 --> 00:17:26.089
[INAUDIBLE], this turmeric
that's growing all over out

00:17:26.089 --> 00:17:30.970
there, now known to be an
antibiotic, now known to be

00:17:30.970 --> 00:17:33.190
good for Alzheimer's
and memory.

00:17:33.190 --> 00:17:36.010
The world is just talking to
discover the wonders of the

00:17:36.010 --> 00:17:38.060
indigenous Indian cuisine.

00:17:38.060 --> 00:17:39.320
- We are unknown indeed...

00:17:39.320 --> 00:17:41.390
- We are letting
them disappear.

00:17:41.390 --> 00:17:43.220
So we get rid of our
food diversity.

00:17:43.220 --> 00:17:45.940
But that means we get rid
of our biodiversity.

00:17:45.940 --> 00:17:49.150
All the crops that could give
us healthy and good food.

00:17:49.150 --> 00:17:52.280
Narrator: So Vandana Shiva's
recipe for future food: eat

00:17:52.280 --> 00:17:55.830
local, eat seasonal,
eat traditional.

00:17:55.830 --> 00:17:59.580
- So the answer to healthy
eating is right here on our

00:17:59.580 --> 00:18:01.250
land, and right here
in our culture.

00:18:01.250 --> 00:18:03.920
It's time to stop the
inferiority complex that

00:18:03.920 --> 00:18:05.530
everything from the West,
including their

00:18:05.530 --> 00:18:06.760
junk food, is superior.

00:18:06.760 --> 00:18:10.880
We need to be discriminating and
choose healthy, including

00:18:10.880 --> 00:18:12.215
that which comes from
our own heritage.

00:18:12.215 --> 00:18:21.090
Narrator: Beeja Didi works
closely with Navdanya, saving

00:18:24.310 --> 00:18:27.260
the seed of indigenous crops,
crops that could

00:18:27.260 --> 00:18:28.700
become future food.

00:18:28.700 --> 00:18:31.650
- [SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:18:33.810 --> 00:18:37.280
Right now, we have 560 varieties
of fatty rice, and

00:18:37.280 --> 00:18:41.470
150 varieties of wheat, which
I have stored here.

00:18:41.470 --> 00:18:45.100
These are pure seeds, just like
we have in the hills.

00:18:45.100 --> 00:18:48.760
Our work here is to preserve
the seeds that are becoming

00:18:48.760 --> 00:18:53.210
extinct, like certain kinds of
patty rice, wheat, and barley.

00:18:53.210 --> 00:18:55.930
Wherever we can find these
seeds, we preserve them.

00:18:55.930 --> 00:18:59.130
- Small farmers grow a
multiplicity of food items.

00:19:04.330 --> 00:19:06.880
Today, our diets are restricted
to perhaps four,

00:19:06.880 --> 00:19:11.250
five crops: corn, wheat,
barley, maize...

00:19:11.250 --> 00:19:13.410
rice, sorry.

00:19:13.410 --> 00:19:20.820
Four major meats: chicken,
pork, beef, lamb.

00:19:20.820 --> 00:19:22.200
Go to any rural areas.

00:19:22.200 --> 00:19:24.810
Small farmers are actually
the custodians of our

00:19:24.810 --> 00:19:26.120
biodiversity.

00:19:26.120 --> 00:19:28.960
They're growing so-called
"orphan crops".

00:19:28.960 --> 00:19:30.170
More nutritious.

00:19:30.170 --> 00:19:32.800
These have been conserved
from generation to

00:19:32.800 --> 00:19:35.410
generation, passed on.

00:19:35.410 --> 00:19:39.480
Today, modern society is
restricted to what is on the

00:19:39.480 --> 00:19:41.160
commercial market.

00:19:41.160 --> 00:19:45.390
So their role is not only of
preserving about diversity,

00:19:45.390 --> 00:19:49.670
but also preserving
good diets.

00:19:49.670 --> 00:19:52.160
Narrator: On the journey back
home, time for a quick chat

00:19:52.160 --> 00:19:56.030
with some of India's
small farmers.

00:19:56.030 --> 00:19:59.890
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:19:59.890 --> 00:20:00.830
- I'm Tulika.

00:20:00.830 --> 00:20:02.880
I've come from Delhi.

00:20:02.880 --> 00:20:07.990
I wanted to ask you, have
you heard of junk food?

00:20:07.990 --> 00:20:11.070
In cities, people don't
have time to cook.

00:20:11.070 --> 00:20:14.060
They don't have time to cook
proper meals like you do when

00:20:14.060 --> 00:20:17.230
you have this fresh
and eat fresh.

00:20:17.230 --> 00:20:21.500
They eat things like
pizzas and burgers.

00:20:21.500 --> 00:20:22.300
- Oh, yes.

00:20:22.300 --> 00:20:23.640
They get ready made food.

00:20:23.640 --> 00:20:25.840
And all they have to
do is to heat it.

00:20:25.840 --> 00:20:27.740
And they call this fast food.

00:20:27.740 --> 00:20:29.780
All they want to do is
fill their stomachs.

00:20:29.780 --> 00:20:31.640
I think it is quite unhealthy.

00:20:31.640 --> 00:20:34.160
- So you mean it doesn't have
to the required nutrients?

00:20:34.160 --> 00:20:35.950
- No, they don't have any.

00:20:35.950 --> 00:20:39.390
People eat this to fill their
stomachs because it's tasty.

00:20:39.390 --> 00:20:42.720
- Have your kids ever eaten
chips, burgers, pizzas?

00:20:42.720 --> 00:20:44.110
Have you ever eaten junk food?

00:20:44.110 --> 00:20:45.460
- Forget having eaten it.

00:20:45.460 --> 00:20:49.760
I'm hearing this name for
the first ever from you!

00:20:49.760 --> 00:20:53.040
Narrator: So could India's small
scale farmers do more to

00:20:53.040 --> 00:20:55.100
feed the future healthily?

00:20:55.100 --> 00:20:57.440
One problem, there's
far too much fresh

00:20:57.440 --> 00:21:01.260
food still being wasted.

00:21:01.260 --> 00:21:06.330
- We have one of the smallest
shares in processed food.

00:21:06.330 --> 00:21:09.900
A consequence of that is the
enormity of wastage,

00:21:09.900 --> 00:21:15.460
particularly in fruits and
vegetables on a daily basis.

00:21:15.460 --> 00:21:19.400
The estimate is 30% of fruits
and vegetables rot even before

00:21:19.400 --> 00:21:21.460
they come to the market.

00:21:21.460 --> 00:21:24.120
So the processed food and the
fast food industry could play

00:21:24.120 --> 00:21:31.010
a big role in reducing this
level of wastage.

00:21:31.010 --> 00:21:33.870
Narrator: But supporters of
small scale farmers say

00:21:33.870 --> 00:21:35.440
there's an answer.

00:21:35.440 --> 00:21:39.370
Studies show small farms are
very efficient per acre, and

00:21:39.370 --> 00:21:41.690
rural jobs often badly needed.

00:21:41.690 --> 00:21:45.240
So why not make it easier to get
indigenous fresh food to

00:21:45.240 --> 00:21:47.920
market with better
distribution and

00:21:47.920 --> 00:21:50.350
infrastructure?

00:21:50.350 --> 00:21:54.900
- Basically, policy has to be
such that we invest in rural

00:21:54.900 --> 00:21:56.580
development as well as invest
in agriculture.

00:21:56.580 --> 00:21:59.740
- How does that help obesity?

00:21:59.740 --> 00:22:01.380
- You eat better.

00:22:01.380 --> 00:22:02.730
You eat better food.

00:22:02.730 --> 00:22:05.490
You stop eating canned and
packaged foods that come from

00:22:05.490 --> 00:22:09.320
the Western world, or from
factories in the urban areas.

00:22:09.320 --> 00:22:12.620
It helps you diversify
your diet.

00:22:12.620 --> 00:22:16.380
Obesity is a form of
malnutrition, poor diet.

00:22:16.380 --> 00:22:19.760
It's not just simply having
access to food.

00:22:19.760 --> 00:22:24.090
Having access to the right
food at the right time.

00:22:24.090 --> 00:22:27.480
- The rule of government should
be really to rebuild

00:22:27.480 --> 00:22:32.540
local food systems and to use
fiscal and regulatory tools to

00:22:32.540 --> 00:22:37.260
encourage agriculture to shift
to the production of foods

00:22:37.260 --> 00:22:41.260
that are diverse, that provide a
full range of micronutrients

00:22:41.260 --> 00:22:45.030
to those depending on those
foods rather than focus on a

00:22:45.030 --> 00:22:48.760
narrow range of commodities that
are inputs for the food

00:22:48.760 --> 00:22:50.900
processing sector.

00:22:50.900 --> 00:22:53.860
So what happens when the future
generation is asked to

00:22:53.860 --> 00:22:55.580
decide for itself?

00:22:55.580 --> 00:22:59.210
Could it be what happened in
Sarda Patel Vidyalaya one of

00:22:59.210 --> 00:23:01.130
Delhi's top private schools.

00:23:01.130 --> 00:23:03.780
The pupils were given a vote.

00:23:03.780 --> 00:23:06.560
They declined to
ban junk food.

00:23:06.560 --> 00:23:09.730
What they did vote for: a
policy to buy only fresh

00:23:09.730 --> 00:23:13.270
produce wherever possible,
cooked according to India's

00:23:13.270 --> 00:23:16.690
many local cuisines.

00:23:16.690 --> 00:23:20.170
- We're very aware of the
wonderful diversity of food

00:23:20.170 --> 00:23:23.420
that is available in our country
that is suitable to

00:23:23.420 --> 00:23:26.360
the climate of our country.

00:23:26.360 --> 00:23:27.560
It's easy to digest.

00:23:27.560 --> 00:23:28.350
It's healthy.

00:23:28.350 --> 00:23:30.215
It has a huge variety.

00:23:30.215 --> 00:23:33.210
We're not saying no to
non-Indian food.

00:23:33.210 --> 00:23:34.040
No, we're not.

00:23:34.040 --> 00:23:36.620
But we would pick up the
healthier options, too,

00:23:36.620 --> 00:23:39.780
because feeding children
is a responsibility.

00:23:39.780 --> 00:23:41.980
Narrator: To encourage healthier
choices of food in

00:23:41.980 --> 00:23:45.570
the school, students in the
early grades are fed a daily

00:23:45.570 --> 00:23:49.730
midday meal, a balanced,
nutritious, and tasty way to

00:23:49.730 --> 00:23:53.240
build good eating
habits early on.

00:23:53.240 --> 00:23:54.890
- Delhi is so culturally
diverse.

00:23:54.890 --> 00:23:58.230
We have a multitude of food
preferences that can be

00:23:58.230 --> 00:23:58.770
achieved anywhere.

00:23:58.770 --> 00:23:59.520
You go to a street.

00:23:59.520 --> 00:24:00.990
There's street vendors.

00:24:00.990 --> 00:24:04.940
So when we think about fast
food, why are we just limiting

00:24:04.940 --> 00:24:07.180
ourselves to this Western
idea of fast food.

00:24:07.180 --> 00:24:10.290
Three's so many healthy
variations that you can find

00:24:10.290 --> 00:24:11.770
everywhere.

00:24:11.770 --> 00:24:15.350
Narrator: So how to feed the
world without obesity?

00:24:15.350 --> 00:24:18.230
Is it a question of consumer
decisions, or

00:24:18.230 --> 00:24:19.480
agricultural policy?

00:24:19.480 --> 00:24:23.130
- Hello, it's Raj here.

00:24:24.000 --> 00:24:24.990
Can you hear me?

00:24:24.990 --> 00:24:28.610
Narrator: Tulika is talking
on Skype with Raj Patel.

00:24:28.610 --> 00:24:32.100
- So can the problem be sorted
at the consumer level, or the

00:24:32.100 --> 00:24:33.650
retail level?

00:24:33.650 --> 00:24:35.655
Where can we settle
this problem?

00:24:35.655 --> 00:24:37.320
- No, it's a great question.

00:24:37.320 --> 00:24:40.680
I think the way commodities are
produced today and the way

00:24:40.680 --> 00:24:44.220
food is produced today, it is
very much a bulk commodity.

00:24:44.220 --> 00:24:48.310
And for as long as we shift
our agriculture towards

00:24:48.310 --> 00:24:53.170
producing the kinds of crops
that end up being either, in

00:24:53.170 --> 00:24:56.830
the United States turned into
corn syrup and destined to be

00:24:56.830 --> 00:25:01.860
turned into these processed
products, then we can see the

00:25:01.860 --> 00:25:05.660
trend of increasing obesity and
diabetes and the rest of

00:25:05.660 --> 00:25:07.270
these problems continuing.

00:25:07.270 --> 00:25:10.090
So I do think that we absolutely
need to shift the

00:25:10.090 --> 00:25:11.250
way we market our food.

00:25:11.250 --> 00:25:13.520
But I think we need a change
in the way that food is

00:25:13.520 --> 00:25:16.740
produced, and in the control
over how food is produced.

00:25:16.740 --> 00:25:20.940
I think maybe this is the
big issue for me.

00:25:20.940 --> 00:25:23.450
Narrator: However food's
produced, there are marketing

00:25:23.450 --> 00:25:26.620
campaigns, social
norms, and taste

00:25:26.620 --> 00:25:29.870
buds which can intervene.

00:25:29.870 --> 00:25:33.300
Vishal, Bunti, and Sanjay are
among thousands of Delhi rag

00:25:33.300 --> 00:25:37.450
pickers, connecting the food
industry's plastic wrappers.

00:25:37.450 --> 00:25:40.960
When they managed to make 200
or more rupees a day,

00:25:40.960 --> 00:25:43.840
what do they buy?

00:25:43.840 --> 00:25:46.730
- I like pizzas and burgers.

00:25:46.730 --> 00:25:49.250
If I had the money, I
love to eat them.

00:25:49.250 --> 00:25:52.460
I've been eating them since
I was seven or eight.

00:25:52.460 --> 00:25:55.220
Narrator: That's the kind of
fast food habit that's led

00:25:55.220 --> 00:25:59.330
Tulika to campaign for a ban
on junk food in schools.

00:25:59.330 --> 00:26:02.730
And India's High Court has
just found in her favor.

00:26:02.730 --> 00:26:06.530
- Today, I'm quite happy with
the judgment of the court.

00:26:06.530 --> 00:26:10.680
And the court has instructed
Food Safety and Standards

00:26:10.680 --> 00:26:13.980
Authority of India to make new
guidelines and a comprehensive

00:26:13.980 --> 00:26:15.350
healthy policy for
the schools.

00:26:15.350 --> 00:26:20.840
And I expect that after those
guidelines, the schools will

00:26:20.840 --> 00:26:22.190
have more healthy options.

00:26:22.190 --> 00:26:23.820
There will be no junk food.

00:26:23.820 --> 00:26:25.640
There will be no unhealthy
options.

00:26:25.640 --> 00:26:29.340
And kids are going to eat
healthy food, nutritious food

00:26:29.340 --> 00:26:31.620
in their school canteens.

00:26:31.620 --> 00:26:34.650
Narrator: It's an important
potential victory, and an

00:26:34.650 --> 00:26:38.710
indication that governments can
act to promote a healthier

00:26:38.710 --> 00:26:41.570
and more sustainable diet.

00:26:41.570 --> 00:26:44.770
- I think what we need to be
doing is pulling back from

00:26:44.770 --> 00:26:48.520
wholesale subsidy of a broken
model of industrial

00:26:48.520 --> 00:26:51.290
agriculture and for government
to be moving not only towards

00:26:51.290 --> 00:26:54.740
restricting the actions of
these corporations, but

00:26:54.740 --> 00:26:58.220
positively funding sustainable
agriculture and the kinds of

00:26:58.220 --> 00:27:00.550
diets that are going to help our
children lead not shorter

00:27:00.550 --> 00:27:01.800
lives, but longer ones.

00:27:01.800 --> 00:27:04.280
Narrator: India is facing
a conundrum many richer

00:27:06.740 --> 00:27:09.930
countries are failing
to solve.

00:27:09.930 --> 00:27:13.850
What kind of future food will
keep people on the move,

00:27:13.850 --> 00:27:17.951
farmers working, local cuisine
alive, and children healthy?

00:27:17.951 --> 00:27:20.540
India's still trying to
find the answers.