WEBVTT

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[Rosie the Riveter]

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[upbeat scatting]

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- ♪ WHILE OTHER GIRLS ATTEND
THEIR FAVORITE COCKTAIL BAR ♪

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♪ SIPPING DRY MARTINIS,
MUNCHING CAVIAR ♪

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♪ THERE\'S A GIRL WHO\'S REALLY
PUTTING THEM TO SHAME ♪

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♪ ROSIE IS HER NAME

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♪ ALL THE DAY LONG
WHETHER RAIN OR SHINE ♪

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♪ SHE\'S A PART
OF THE ASSEMBLY LINE ♪

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♪ SHE\'S MAKING HISTORY

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♪ WORKING FOR VICTORY

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♪ ROSIE,
RRRRR, THE RIVETER ♪

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♪ KEEPS A SHARP LOOK OUT
FOR SABOTAGE ♪

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♪ SITTING UP THERE
ON THE FUSELAGE ♪

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♪ THAT LITTLE FRAIL CAN DO
MORE THAN A MALE CAN DO ♪

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♪ ROSIE, RRRRR,
THE RIVETER ♪

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♪ ROSIE\'S GOT A BOYFRIEND,
CHARLIE ♪

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♪ CHARLIE, HE\'S A MARINE

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♪ ROSIE IS PROTECTING CHARLIE

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♪ WORKING OVERTIME
ON THE RIVETING MACHINE ♪

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♪ WHEN THEY GAVE HER
A PRODUCTION E ♪

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♪ SHE WAS AS PROUD
AS A GIRL COULD BE ♪

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♪ THERE\'S SOMETHING TRUE ABOUT

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♪ RED, WHITE, AND BLUE ABOUT

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♪ ROSIE, ROSIE, ROSIE

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♪ ROSIE, ROSIE,
ROSIE ♪

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♪ THE RIVETER

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- THE VERY FIRST JOB
I EVER HAD WAS

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IN A NOVELTY FACTORY.

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THEY MADE PARTY GOODS--

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PARTY HATS, NOISEMAKERS,
THESE THINGS THAT KIDS BLOW

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THAT HAS A FEATHER AT THE END,
ROLLS UP--

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I FORGOT WHAT THEY CALL THEM.

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I WAS STILL IN HIGH SCHOOL.

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TIMES WERE VERY BAD,

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AND I WAS VERY STRUCK

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BY THE BRIGHT COLORS
AND TINSELLY THINGS

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THAT WE WERE WORKING WITH
AND THE SADNESS

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ON THE FACES OF THE PEOPLE
WHO WERE DOING IT.

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IT WAS SO BORING.

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IT WAS SO JUST, YOU KNOW,
ONE SORT OF--ONE MOVEMENT

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ALL THE TIME.

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PASTE, STAPLE,
PUT IT DOWN,

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STAPLE, DO IT,
STAPLES,

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DO IT, STAPLE.

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144, AND YOU\'VE MADE A DIME.

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- WE LIVED IN--
OH, MY GOODNESS,

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I GUESS YOU WOULD CALL IT SLUMS.

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WE COULDN\'T AFFORD ELECTRICITY
BECAUSE OF THE DEPRESSION.

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WE USED OIL LAMPS,
KEROSENE OIL LAMPS,

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AND OUR VARIETY OF DIET

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CONSISTED OF A DIFFERENT BEAN
EVERY DAY.

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ONE DAY, YOU WOULD HAVE
WHITE BEANS.

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THE NEXT DAY, PINTO BEANS.

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THE NEXT DAY,
BLACK-EYED PEAS.

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I DID WORK--WHAT WE CALL
A PRIVATE FAMILY,

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LIKE, FOR A DOLLAR A DAY.

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WE WERE CALLED
KITCHEN MECHANICS,

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AND WE GOT THURSDAY OFF

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AND EVERY OTHER SUNDAY MAYBE
IF WE WERE VERY GOOD.

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- WHEN I MET MY HUSBAND,
WHEN I WAS DATING HIM,

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I WAS ONLY 14 WHEN I MET HIM.

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AND I THOUGHT IT WAS DATING,
BUT I GUESS IT REALLY WASN\'T.

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BUT I WAS RIDING AROUND
IN HIS CAR,

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AND IT WAS--
IT SEEMED LIKE DATING TO ME.

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AND HE HAD A JOB
AT OLDSMOBILE,

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AND I THOUGHT HE WAS RICH
BECAUSE THERE WAS NO BLACK MEN

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IN OLDSMOBILE.

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HE SAID IF I WOULD MARRY HIM,
YOU KNOW, I COULD DRIVE A CAR.

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WE NEVER HAD A CAR,
AND THIS WAS REALLY SOMETHING.

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I WOULD HAVE MARRIED HIM
ON THAT ALONE.

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MY MOTHER\'S FRIENDS,
THEY WERE ALL DOING HOUSEWORK

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OR WORKING IN RESTAURANTS.

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AND, WELL, THAT WAS JUST
ABOUT ALL THAT WAS OPEN TO THEM.

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NOW MY MOTHER WAS FORTUNATE.
SHE GOT A JOB IN A HOTEL.

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IT WAS THE OLD OLDS HOTEL
AT THAT TIME.

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IT\'S JACK TAR NOW I THINK.

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BUT THERE TOO
SHE WAS JUST MAKING THE BEDS--

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SHE WAS A CHAMBERMAID.

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THAT\'S WHAT THEY CALLED IT
AT THAT TIME.

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AND I JUST DIDN\'T WANT
ANY OF THOSE JOBS.

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- WE RAISED CORN AND CANE.

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AND WE\'D TOP THE CANE
AND STRIP IT

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AND RUN IT
THROUGH A MOLASSES MILL.

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WE MADE MOLASSES.

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AND WE RAISED--EVERYTHING WE ATE
CAME OFF OF THAT FARM.

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BUT MY HUSBAND DIED,
MY MOTHER-IN-LAW,

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THE FARM BELONGED TO HER,
AND SHE SOLD IT.

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AND I HITCHED UP MY TEAM
AND MY WAGON,

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MADE A COVERED WAGON, AND DROVE
FROM 90 MILES NORTHEAST

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OF ST. LOUIS TO SPRINGFIELD.

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MY MOTHER LIVED IN SPRINGFIELD.

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I THOUGHT, OH, LORD,
WHAT\'LL I DO NOW?

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SAW THAT WOMAN SPADING
THAT BIG GARDEN,

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AND I WENT OVER THERE,
AND I SAID,

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\"I HAVE A TEAM AND A PLOW.
I\'LL PLOW IT FOR YOU.\"

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TIME I GOT HERS PLOWED,
HERE COME A MAN

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UP TO ME, AND HE SAID,
\"LOOKS LIKE YOU\'RE DOING

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A PRETTY GOOD JOB THERE,\"
AND I SAID, \"WELL,\"

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AND HE SAID, \"I HAVE SIX ACRES
OF NEW GROUND OUT HERE

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I\'D LIKE TO HAVE PLOWED.\"

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AND WANTED TO KNOW
IF I COULD DO IT, YOU KNOW,

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AND I SAID, \"SURE CAN.

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I\'LL BE OUT THERE DAYLIGHT
IN THE MORNING.\"

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SO I GOT OUT THERE DAYLIGHT
IN THE MORNING

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BEFORE HE DID,
AND I HAD PLOWED ONE FURROW.

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AND HE WAS WAITING UP THERE
AT THE END

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TILL I GOT THERE, AND HE SAID,
\"LOOKS LIKE YOU\'RE DOING

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A PRETTY GOOD JOB THERE.\"

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AND I SAID,
\"THANK YOU.\"

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HE LOOKED AT ME, AND HE SAID,
\"ARE YOU A WOMAN?\"

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AND I SAID,
\"YES, I AM. WHY?\"

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AND HE SAID, \"WELL, IF I\'D KNOWN
YOU WAS A WOMAN,

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\"I WOULDN\'T HAVE HIRED YOU.

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I THOUGHT YOU WAS
A BIG COUNTRY BOY.\"

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HE SAID,
\"THIS IS HARD PLOWING.

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THIS IS NEW GROUND.\"

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I SAYS, \"I KNOW IT.
AND YOU JUST SAID

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I WAS DOING A GOOD JOB OF IT.\"

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AND HE SAID, \"WELL, IF YOU THINK
YOU CAN DO IT, GO RIGHT AHEAD.\"

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AND I PLOWED THAT SIX ACRES
OF NEW GROUND.

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I GOT A GOOD PIECE OF MONEY
FOR THAT.

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[giggles]

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- I WAS WORKING IN A JOB
DOING HOUSEWORK,

00:06:07.922 --> 00:06:10.299
BUT IT WAS SORT OF A DIFFERENT
KIND OF HOUSEWORK.

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YOU WERE TREATED
MORE LIKE ONE OF THE FAMILY,

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AND I REALLY LIKED IT THERE.

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AND THEY HAD TWO CHILDREN.

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BUT ONE DAY SHE CALLED ME
AND TOLD ME

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TO COME LISTEN TO THE RADIO.

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- WE INTERRUPT THIS PROGRAM

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TO BRING YOU
A SPECIAL NEWS BULLETIN.

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THE JAPANESE HAVE ATTACKED
PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII, BY AIR,

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PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT
HAS JUST ANNOUNCED.

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- DECEMBER 7, 1941,

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A DATE
WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY.

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THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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WAS SUDDENLY AND DELIBERATELY
ATTACKED

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BY NAVAL AND AIR FORCES
OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN.

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WITH CONFIDENCE
IN OUR ARMED FORCES,

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WITH THE UNBOUNDING
DETERMINATION

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OF OUR PEOPLE,

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WE WILL GAIN
THE INEVITABLE TRIUMPH,

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SO HELP US GOD.

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[dramatic overture]

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♪

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- THE BATTLEFIELDS OF AMERICA
ARE THE PRODUCTION LINES...

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THE SWEAT AND MUSCLE
AND BRAINS OF MEN

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POUNDING OUT THE TOOLS
OF VICTORY,

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SLUGGING OUT MORE
AND MORE AND MORE.

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A MIGHTY INDUSTRIAL PROGRAM
MOVING FASTER AND FASTER.

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LABOR SUPPLY TO MATCH IT,
LAGGING BEHIND.

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MEN DESIGNATING THEMSELVES
AN EMERGENCY COMMITTEE.

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REPRESENTATIVES OF GOVERNMENT.

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LEADING INDUSTRIALISTS.

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THEY WERE DETERMINED
NO WOMAN SHOULD CASH A CHECK,

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BOARD A BUS, SEE A MOVIE,

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OR WALK DOWN THE STREET
WITHOUT GETTING ACQUAINTED

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WITH THE IDEA
THAT SHE WAS NEEDED.

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A WOMEN\'S COMMITTEE
WALKED THE STREETS

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AND KNOCKED ON THE DOORS.

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THREE WOMEN ON YOUR BLOCK

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SAY THEY\'D GET A WAR JOB

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IF THEIR NEIGHBOR DID.

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HOW ABOUT YOU?

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- SOMEBODY HAD WRITTEN ME
THE LETTER

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FROM OUT HERE IN CALIFORNIA

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AND SAID I COULD MAKE MORE
WORKING OUT HERE

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IN A DAY THAN I COULD
IN A WEEK BACK THERE.

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SO...
- SO WHAT\'D YOU DO?

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- [chuckles]
WELL, I TOLD THE WOMAN ABOUT IT

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THAT\'S SETTING
AT THE MACHINE NEXT TO ME,

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AND SHE SAID, \"IF YOU WANT TO GO
TO CALIFORNIA WITH ME,

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YOU CAN BE READY
AT 6:00 THIS EVENING.\"

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I REALLY GOT A MOVE ON.

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- WHEN FACTORY WORK OPENED UP,

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IT WAS LIKE A GODSEND

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BECAUSE THERE YOU WAS EARNING

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PRETTY GOOD MONEY.

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AND MY SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER--

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I REMEMBER IT FROM HEART

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ALMOST FROM THE FIRST DAY,

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366-24-9339,
I THOUGHT THAT WAS SO TERRIFIC

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THAT I HAD
A SOCIAL SECURITY CARD.

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AND I CARRIED IT AROUND
IN MY PURSE.

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THEY SENT ME RIGHT OUT AS SOON
AS I GOT MY SOCIAL SECURITY CARD

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TO A FACTORY.

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- WE WERE GONNA GET IN
ON THE GROUND FLOOR

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AND BE WELDERS FOREVER AND EVER.

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AND THE WORK ON GLIDERS TOO
WAS VERY MUCH WHAT I WANTED

00:09:04.306 --> 00:09:07.601
BECAUSE IT WAS ALMOST AN ART
AS WELL AS A SKILL.

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IT WAS A VERY, VERY BEAUTIFUL
KIND OF WORK.

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- IT TAKES HUMAN POWER TO KEEP
WAR FACTORIES GOING,

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AND MUCH OF OUR MANPOWER
IS GOING TO WAR.

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MORE AND MORE MEN ARE BEING
CALLED INTO THE ARMED FORCES.

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THEIR JOBS MUST BE FILLED

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AND FILLED NOW.

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AND WHO CAN FILL THEM?

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YOU.
YOU WOMEN.

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YOU\'RE THE ONES
WHO MUST FILL THEM,

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WHO CAN GIVE OUR BOYS
WHAT THEY NEED.

00:09:32.084 --> 00:09:36.255
IF YOU NEED TRAINING,
YOU CAN GET IT, AND IT\'S FREE.

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WE MUST WIN THIS WAR.

00:09:38.090 --> 00:09:41.218
BUT WE CAN\'T WIN THIS WAR
UNLESS YOU WOMEN

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TAKE OVER THE JOBS
THAT MEN ARE LEAVING.

00:09:43.637 --> 00:09:46.640
AND YOU\'RE NEEDED RIGHT NOW.

00:09:46.640 --> 00:09:50.352
- THEY SAID, \"COME ON, WE CAN GO
AND GET IN THE SHIPYARDS.\"

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AND SO WHEN I TRIED TO GET
INTO THE SHIPYARDS,

00:09:52.521 --> 00:09:54.523
THEY TOLD ME I HAD
TO GO TO SCHOOL.

00:09:54.523 --> 00:09:56.984
AND THEN I FOUND OUT
ABOUT SAMUEL GOMPERS,

00:09:56.984 --> 00:09:59.320
AND I WENT TO SAMUEL GOMPERS
AND TOOK TRAINING

00:09:59.320 --> 00:10:00.654
FOR A SHIPFITTER.

00:10:00.654 --> 00:10:02.865
- MEN HAD BEEN TELLING US
ALL ALONG THE LINE THAT,

00:10:02.865 --> 00:10:06.076
OH, IT TAKES SIX YEARS
TO BECOME A WELDER.

00:10:06.076 --> 00:10:08.287
YOU\'VE GOT TO BE AN APPRENTICE.
YOU\'VE GOT TO BE THIS.

00:10:08.287 --> 00:10:10.331
THEY HAD BEEN SOLD A BILL
OF GOODS IN THEIR LIVES.

00:10:10.331 --> 00:10:11.832
YOU SEE,
IT WASN\'T TRUE AT ALL.

00:10:11.832 --> 00:10:16.086
IT JUST WORKED OUT
FOR BOSSES TO DO THAT.

00:10:16.086 --> 00:10:18.589
ACTUALLY, IT COULD BE LEARNED
AND LEARNED WELL

00:10:18.589 --> 00:10:21.342
IF IT WAS TAUGHT WELL
IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.

00:10:21.342 --> 00:10:23.510
- HE TOLD ME I\'D PASSED 98%.

00:10:23.510 --> 00:10:25.012
HE SAID,
\"YOU\'VE GOT GOOD GRADES.

00:10:25.012 --> 00:10:26.513
YOU PASSED 98%.\"

00:10:26.513 --> 00:10:28.432
YOU KNOW, ANYTHING THAT
A PERSON\'S REALLY INTERESTED IN,

00:10:28.432 --> 00:10:30.017
WELL, THEY MAKE BETTER GRADES
AT IT

00:10:30.017 --> 00:10:32.353
THAN SOMETHING
THEY DON\'T LIKE TO DO.

00:10:32.353 --> 00:10:35.773
- IN THE SPRAWLING AIRCRAFT
FACTORIES ON THE WEST COAST,

00:10:35.773 --> 00:10:37.983
TEAMS OF WOMEN FLUSH THE RIVETS

00:10:37.983 --> 00:10:44.198
THAT HOLD TOGETHER THE ALUMINUM
SKIN ON THE WING OF A B-24.

00:10:44.198 --> 00:10:47.368
THIS IS LIKE PUNCHING HOLES
IN A TIN OF SCOURING POWDER.

00:10:47.368 --> 00:10:49.662
INSTEAD OF CUTTING OUT DRESSES,

00:10:49.662 --> 00:10:55.834
THIS WOMAN STAMPS OUT
THE PATTERNS OF AIRPLANE PARTS.

00:10:55.834 --> 00:10:58.295
THEY ARE TAKING TO WELDING
AS THOUGH THE WELDING ROD

00:10:58.295 --> 00:11:02.925
WERE A NEEDLE AND THE METAL
A LENGTH OF CLOTH TO BE SEWN.

00:11:02.925 --> 00:11:05.928
[pleasant music]

00:11:05.928 --> 00:11:07.221
♪

00:11:07.221 --> 00:11:08.889
AFTER A SHORT APPRENTICESHIP,

00:11:08.889 --> 00:11:11.183
A WOMAN CAN OPERATE
THIS PRESS

00:11:11.183 --> 00:11:14.645
AS EASILY AS A JUICE EXTRACTOR
IN HER OWN KITCHEN.

00:11:14.645 --> 00:11:17.856
AND A LATHE WILL HOLD
NO MORE TERRORS FOR HER

00:11:17.856 --> 00:11:20.651
THAN AN ELECTRIC
WASHING MACHINE.

00:11:32.705 --> 00:11:35.666
- AND IT WASN\'T ANY TIME
BEFORE WE GOT THE KNACK OF IT,

00:11:35.666 --> 00:11:38.919
BECAUSE, FOR ONE THING,
WOMEN\'S HANDS WEREN\'T AS BIG

00:11:38.919 --> 00:11:40.337
AND CLUMSY AS MEN.

00:11:40.337 --> 00:11:42.631
WE HAD TO GRIND OUR OWN TOOLS.

00:11:42.631 --> 00:11:46.969
SO THEREFORE IT WAS EASIER
FOR US TO KNOW

00:11:46.969 --> 00:11:50.097
WHEN TO STOP GRINDING,
HOW TO TAKE THE MACHINE--

00:11:50.097 --> 00:11:53.267
WE HAD, I DON\'T KNOW,
MORE OF A SUBTLE TOUCH.

00:11:53.267 --> 00:11:55.686
REALLY, WE DID BETTER
THAN THE MEN.

00:11:55.686 --> 00:11:57.813
- THEY DIDN\'T DO ANYTHING
TO MAKE IT EASY FOR YOU

00:11:57.813 --> 00:12:00.899
UNLESS MAYBE YOU\'D RUN
INTO ONE THAT WAS STUCK ON YOU

00:12:00.899 --> 00:12:02.484
AND WANTED TO DATE YOU
OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.

00:12:02.484 --> 00:12:04.820
AND THEN HE\'D GO OUT OF HIS WAY
FOR A LITTLE WHILE.

00:12:04.820 --> 00:12:06.280
IF IT DIDN\'T WORK OUT,

00:12:06.280 --> 00:12:09.283
WELL, YOU DIDN\'T GET NO HELP
FROM HIM EITHER.

00:12:09.283 --> 00:12:12.578
- THE MEN, YOU KNOW, HAD THE--
SOMETIMES THEY TREATED US

00:12:12.578 --> 00:12:16.957
PRETTY BADLY BECAUSE, TO A MAN,
WHEN A WOMAN WALKED IN,

00:12:16.957 --> 00:12:19.084
IT MEANT THAT A MAN WENT TO WAR.

00:12:19.084 --> 00:12:21.962
AND EVEN THOUGH THE POPULATION

00:12:21.962 --> 00:12:24.965
WAS VERY MUCH
IN FAVOR OF THE WAR,

00:12:24.965 --> 00:12:28.844
ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS,
WHO THE HELL WANTS TO GO TO WAR?

00:12:38.312 --> 00:12:42.816
[bell clanging]

00:12:42.816 --> 00:12:45.235
[train whistle blows]

00:12:45.235 --> 00:12:48.947
[bell clanging]

00:12:53.118 --> 00:12:54.828
[train whistle blows]

00:12:56.455 --> 00:12:58.624
- AS OUR ARMED FORCES GREW,

00:12:58.624 --> 00:13:00.250
SO DID THEIR DEMANDS
FOR EQUIPMENT,

00:13:00.250 --> 00:13:01.835
SUPPLIES, FOOD,

00:13:01.835 --> 00:13:03.921
MATERIAL OF ALL KINDS.

00:13:03.921 --> 00:13:06.173
THE NEED FOR WOMEN
GREW DESPERATE,

00:13:06.173 --> 00:13:09.468
AND THOUSANDS OF WOMEN
ANSWERED THE CALL.

00:13:09.468 --> 00:13:11.512
THE HIDDEN ARMY
DREW FRESH RECRUITS.

00:13:11.512 --> 00:13:15.516
ITS RANKS GREW
TO NEARLY 18 MILLION.

00:13:15.516 --> 00:13:17.643
MANY OF THESE WOMEN
CAME FROM WALKS OF LIFE

00:13:17.643 --> 00:13:20.145
NOT PREVIOUSLY CONSIDERED--
THE MOTHERS,

00:13:20.145 --> 00:13:24.233
THE YOUNG, THE AGED.

00:13:24.233 --> 00:13:26.860
WHEN THEY WERE ASKED
WHY THEY HAD JOINED THE RANKS

00:13:26.860 --> 00:13:30.656
OF THE HIDDEN ARMY, THESE WOMEN
GAVE A VARIETY OF REASONS.

00:13:30.656 --> 00:13:32.699
- MY HUSBAND\'S A PRISONER
OF THE JAPS

00:13:32.699 --> 00:13:34.284
IN THE PHILIPPINES.

00:13:34.284 --> 00:13:35.869
IF HE\'D HAD A FEW MORE
OF THESE SHELLS

00:13:35.869 --> 00:13:38.372
OUT IN BATAAN,
MAYBE HE\'D STILL BE FIGHTING.

00:13:38.372 --> 00:13:40.040
- I\'M AN OLD MAID,

00:13:40.040 --> 00:13:43.627
AND I DIDN\'T HAVE ANYONE
UNTIL I TOOK THIS DEFENSE JOB.

00:13:43.627 --> 00:13:48.465
NOW I HAVE A FAMILY
OF 10 MILLION TO LOOK AFTER.

00:13:48.465 --> 00:13:51.009
- WHY DID I TAKE A DEFENSE JOB?

00:13:51.009 --> 00:13:52.636
THAT\'S A FUNNY QUESTION.

00:13:52.636 --> 00:13:54.012
I NEVER THOUGHT OF THAT BEFORE.

00:13:54.012 --> 00:13:56.807
DO YOU HAVE TO HAVE A REASON?

00:13:56.807 --> 00:13:58.892
WE\'RE IN A JAM, AREN\'T WE?

00:13:58.892 --> 00:14:01.228
I\'M SORRY,
BUT YOU\'LL HAVE TO EXCUSE ME.

00:14:01.228 --> 00:14:05.899
I\'M TOO BUSY TO ANSWER
DAMN FOOL QUESTIONS LIKE THAT.

00:14:05.899 --> 00:14:07.484
- SOMEHOW THAT ANSWER
PLEASED US.

00:14:07.484 --> 00:14:10.279
NO SUDDEN EMOTIONAL URGE
SENT THIS YOUNG WOMAN

00:14:10.279 --> 00:14:11.572
INTO WAR WORK,

00:14:11.572 --> 00:14:13.407
NO LOSS OF A LOVED ONE,

00:14:13.407 --> 00:14:15.617
NO TEMPORARY
ECONOMIC EMBARRASSMENT,

00:14:15.617 --> 00:14:18.162
NO MERE YEARNING
FOR EXCITEMENT

00:14:18.162 --> 00:14:20.497
OR NOVELTY.

00:14:20.497 --> 00:14:22.082
THERE ARE MILLIONS LIKE HER.

00:14:22.082 --> 00:14:24.543
THERE WILL HAVE TO BE.

00:14:24.543 --> 00:14:26.003
- I KNEW I WAS A RIVETER,

00:14:26.003 --> 00:14:28.589
\'CAUSE, WITH ALL THIS TRAINING--
AND I REALLY SAID

00:14:28.589 --> 00:14:30.090
THIS WAS REALLY GONNA
BE NICE--

00:14:30.090 --> 00:14:34.511
BUT, WHEN THEY SENT ME IN THERE,
THEY SENT ME TO THE FOUNDRY.

00:14:45.522 --> 00:14:46.565
3/4 OF THE WOMEN

00:14:46.565 --> 00:14:47.774
THAT THEY SENT IN THERE
WERE BLACK,

00:14:47.774 --> 00:14:49.943
SO THEY SENT
JUST ENOUGH WHITE WOMEN

00:14:49.943 --> 00:14:52.112
TO SAY THAT WE DO HAVE
WHITE WOMEN HERE.

00:14:52.112 --> 00:14:53.572
I EXPECTED TO SEE SOMETHING

00:14:53.572 --> 00:14:54.990
LIKE I SAW
IN THAT TRAINING CENTER.

00:14:54.990 --> 00:14:58.285
I EXPECTED TO SEE EVERYTHING ALL
SET UP TO GO TO START RIVETING.

00:14:58.285 --> 00:15:01.455
I SAID, \"WELL, THIS TRAINING
IS JUST WASTED THEN.\"

00:15:01.455 --> 00:15:04.666
BUT IT JUST DIDN\'T SEEM
TO BE ANYTHING

00:15:04.666 --> 00:15:07.211
AT THAT TIME
THAT WE COULD DO ABOUT IT.

00:15:07.211 --> 00:15:10.631
AND FOR ONCE I WAS EVEN AFRAID
TO SAY TOO MUCH

00:15:10.631 --> 00:15:12.966
TO A COMMITTEEMAN.

00:15:12.966 --> 00:15:14.218
I WAS LOOKING \'EM UP

00:15:14.218 --> 00:15:16.011
AND FINDING OUT
WHO WAS COMMITTEEMEN

00:15:16.011 --> 00:15:17.304
AND EVERYTHING,
BUT I SAID,

00:15:17.304 --> 00:15:18.472
\"WELL, I GUESS
I BETTER KIND OF--\"

00:15:18.472 --> 00:15:20.641
WELL, YOU TALK TO OTHER WOMEN
ABOUT IT,

00:15:20.641 --> 00:15:22.226
AND THEY SAID, \"WELL, WE BETTER
KEEP STILL FOR A WHILE.

00:15:22.226 --> 00:15:23.602
AT LEAST WE\'RE IN HERE.\"

00:15:23.602 --> 00:15:27.481
- WE WENT TO MOORE\'S SHIPYARD
TO BE SIGNED IN

00:15:27.481 --> 00:15:28.857
BECAUSE THEY\'D CALLED
AND SAID THEY NEEDED

00:15:28.857 --> 00:15:30.150
FOUR FITTERS.

00:15:30.150 --> 00:15:31.610
AND WHEN WE GOT THERE

00:15:31.610 --> 00:15:36.114
THE SUPERINTENDENT
TOOK THE THREE WHITE PERSONS

00:15:36.114 --> 00:15:38.575
THAT WAS WITH ME
AND LEFT ME SITTING OUTSIDE

00:15:38.575 --> 00:15:41.245
AND CAME BACK ABOUT 45 MINUTES
AND SAID,

00:15:41.245 --> 00:15:43.747
\"NO, WE DON\'T HAVE
ANY OPENINGS.\"

00:15:43.747 --> 00:15:46.375
I SAID, \"WHAT DO YOU MEAN?

00:15:46.375 --> 00:15:49.002
\"I WAS TOLD AT THE SCHOOL
YOU HAD FIVE OPENINGS,

00:15:49.002 --> 00:15:50.837
\"AND I WAS SENT HERE
AS THE PERSON

00:15:50.837 --> 00:15:52.005
\"IN CHARGE
OF ALL THE OTHER PEOPLE.

00:15:52.005 --> 00:15:53.173
WHERE ARE THEY?\"

00:15:53.173 --> 00:15:55.008
\"OH,\" HE SAID.
\"WE FOUND PLACES FOR THEM.\"

00:15:55.008 --> 00:15:58.011
IT WAS CLEAR THEY DIDN\'T WANT
A BLACK WOMAN

00:15:58.011 --> 00:16:00.138
IN THE ELITE TRADE
OF SHIPFITTING.

00:16:00.138 --> 00:16:02.349
GOD, I WAS SO MAD,
I GOT UP AND I SAID,

00:16:02.349 --> 00:16:03.934
\"IS THERE ANYTHING ELSE OPEN?\"

00:16:03.934 --> 00:16:05.686
AND THEY SAID, YES,
THEY HAD WELDERS

00:16:05.686 --> 00:16:07.563
AND BURNER JOBS OPEN.

00:16:07.563 --> 00:16:09.481
AND THE SUPERINTENDENT SAYS,
\"WELL, YOU HAVE TO GO BACK

00:16:09.481 --> 00:16:11.942
TO SCHOOL TO LEARN TO BURN.\"
AND I SAID, \"NO, I DON\'T.

00:16:11.942 --> 00:16:14.444
YOU JUST GIVE ME A TEST
AND SEE IF I CAN BURN.\"

00:16:14.444 --> 00:16:16.863
[machinery sizzling]

00:16:16.863 --> 00:16:19.324
I GOT TO THE INSTRUCTOR
WHO HAD ALL THIS EQUIPMENT,

00:16:19.324 --> 00:16:22.202
HE SAYS, \"WELL, HERE\'S
A NICE, THICK PIECE OF STEEL.

00:16:22.202 --> 00:16:24.204
BEVEL IT.\"
AND I SAID, \"OKAY.\"

00:16:24.204 --> 00:16:27.040
SO KNOWING THAT I WOULD TELL
THE BURNER TO MAKE SURE

00:16:27.040 --> 00:16:28.709
IT WAS GOOD AND HOT BEFORE
HE STARTED TO CUTTING HIS.

00:16:28.709 --> 00:16:30.544
I STARTED TO GETTING IT HOT.

00:16:30.544 --> 00:16:32.337
HE SAID, \"NEVER MIND.
NEVER MIND.

00:16:32.337 --> 00:16:33.505
I SEE YOU KNOW YOUR BUSINESS.\"

00:16:33.505 --> 00:16:35.882
AND THEN HE GAVE ME
A PIECE TO CUT OUT

00:16:35.882 --> 00:16:37.551
WITH A LOT OF DESIGNS ON IT,

00:16:37.551 --> 00:16:39.511
AND I GOT MYSELF DOWN
LIKE I\'D SEEN

00:16:39.511 --> 00:16:42.180
THE BURNERS DO ONCE THEY\'RE
GETTING READY TO START CUT.

00:16:42.180 --> 00:16:44.016
AND HE SAID,
\"NEVER MIND. YOU\'LL DO.

00:16:44.016 --> 00:16:48.270
I\'LL SEND YOU IN
AS A FIRST STAGE BURNER.\"

00:16:48.270 --> 00:16:50.731
AND I SAID, \"OKAY.\"
AND HE SAYS, \"YOU\'LL BE MAKING

00:16:50.731 --> 00:16:52.190
$1.05 AN HOUR.\"

00:16:52.190 --> 00:16:54.693
IF I HAD GONE IN
AS A SHIPFITTER\'S HELPER,

00:16:54.693 --> 00:16:57.529
I WOULD HAVE BEEN ONLY MAKING
.85, SO I WAS DELIGHTED.

00:16:57.529 --> 00:16:59.906
HERE I WAS MAKING MORE MONEY
IN FIVE MINUTES

00:16:59.906 --> 00:17:01.283
THAN ALL THE REST OF THEM
WERE MAKING

00:17:01.283 --> 00:17:03.285
WHEN THEY WENT IN AS HELPERS.

00:17:03.285 --> 00:17:05.746
SO THAT\'S HOW I GOT
INTO THE SHIPYARD.

00:17:05.746 --> 00:17:08.874
AND I BECAME THE ONLY WOMAN

00:17:08.874 --> 00:17:12.586
EVER TO MAKE SHELL BURNER
AT MOORE\'S SHIPYARD.

00:17:18.091 --> 00:17:21.928
- ♪ EVERYONE STOPS TO ADMIRE
THE SCENE ♪

00:17:21.928 --> 00:17:25.766
♪ ROSIE AT WORK ON THE B-19

00:17:25.766 --> 00:17:28.101
- ♪ SHE\'S NEVER TWITTERY

00:17:28.101 --> 00:17:29.936
♪ NERVOUS OR JITTERY

00:17:29.936 --> 00:17:33.732
- ♪ ROSIE, ROSIE,
THE RIVETER ♪

00:17:33.732 --> 00:17:36.943
♪ WHAT IF SHE\'S SMEARED
FULL OF OIL AND GREASE? ♪

00:17:36.943 --> 00:17:40.864
♪ DOING HER BIT
FOR THE OLD LEND-LEASE ♪

00:17:40.864 --> 00:17:43.283
♪ SHE KEEPS THE GANG AROUND

00:17:43.283 --> 00:17:44.910
♪ THEY LOVE TO HANG AROUND

00:17:44.910 --> 00:17:49.206
♪ ROSIE, ROSIE,
THE RIVETER ♪

00:17:49.206 --> 00:17:52.584
- ♪ ROSIE BUYS A LOT
OF WAR BONDS ♪

00:17:52.584 --> 00:17:55.545
♪ THAT GIRL REALLY HAS SENSE

00:17:55.545 --> 00:17:58.590
- ♪ AND WISHES
SHE COULD PURCHASE ♪

00:17:58.590 --> 00:18:00.092
♪ MORE BONDS

00:18:00.092 --> 00:18:04.721
♪ PUTTING ALL HER CASH
IN THE NATIONAL DEFENSE ♪

00:18:04.721 --> 00:18:06.598
- I HAD WORKED
ON THE DOUBLE BOTTOMS

00:18:06.598 --> 00:18:08.016
CLEAR UP TO THE CROW\'S NEST.

00:18:08.016 --> 00:18:09.976
THERE\'S ONLY ABOUT THREE FEET
YOU HAVE TO SET DOWN

00:18:09.976 --> 00:18:11.561
IN THERE TO WORK
IN THE DOUBLE BOTTOMS,

00:18:11.561 --> 00:18:13.772
AND YOU CAN\'T WORK IN THERE
VERY LONG

00:18:13.772 --> 00:18:16.650
BECAUSE IT GETS PRETTY WELL
FILLED UP WITH SMOKE,

00:18:16.650 --> 00:18:18.318
AND THEN YOU HAVE TO GET OUT.

00:18:18.318 --> 00:18:19.986
WELDED ON THE DECK

00:18:19.986 --> 00:18:21.655
THE BIG SLABS OF IRON

00:18:21.655 --> 00:18:23.115
THAT LAY ON THE DECK.

00:18:23.115 --> 00:18:24.783
WELDED THOSE TOGETHER.

00:18:24.783 --> 00:18:26.785
WELDING ON THE DECK
IS REALLY FUN.

00:18:26.785 --> 00:18:29.329
[machinery rattling]

00:18:29.329 --> 00:18:31.081
I ENJOYED EVERY BIT OF IT.

00:18:39.005 --> 00:18:41.842
- OH, IT WAS GOOD
TO WORK WITH PEOPLE.

00:18:41.842 --> 00:18:43.885
IT\'S SOMETHING
ABOUT THAT CAMARADERIE

00:18:43.885 --> 00:18:46.430
THAT YOU REALLY NEED
ON A JOB.

00:18:46.430 --> 00:18:48.682
IF THE JOB IS HARD
AND EVERYBODY\'S WORKING HARD,

00:18:48.682 --> 00:18:50.058
YOU DON\'T MIND.

00:18:50.058 --> 00:18:53.729
IT\'S JUST THAT SHARING
AND ALL DOING IT TOGETHER.

00:19:03.363 --> 00:19:05.782
- LUNCH HOUR WOULD FIND US
SPREAD OUT ON THE SIDEWALK,

00:19:05.782 --> 00:19:08.201
WOMEN WELDERS
WITH OUR LITTLE OUTFITS,

00:19:08.201 --> 00:19:10.996
AND USUALLY A QUART OF MILK
IN ONE HAND

00:19:10.996 --> 00:19:13.165
AND A SALAMI SANDWICH
IN THE OTHER.

00:19:13.165 --> 00:19:15.709
WORKERS FROM OTHER SHOPS
ON THE STREETS

00:19:15.709 --> 00:19:18.628
WOULD LOOK AT US, AND WE
WOULD SAY WE WERE WELDERS,

00:19:18.628 --> 00:19:20.547
AND WE WERE INTERLOPERS.

00:19:20.547 --> 00:19:23.341
AND WE HAD A HAPPY ATTITUDE
TOWARD OUR WORK

00:19:23.341 --> 00:19:26.928
THAT THEY, OF COURSE,
REALLY DID NOT HAVE,

00:19:26.928 --> 00:19:29.890
BECAUSE THEY WERE IN THE MIDDLE
AND AT THE END OF THEIR STORIES,

00:19:29.890 --> 00:19:31.516
AND WE THOUGHT WE WERE
AT THE BEGINNING.

00:19:31.516 --> 00:19:35.687
- HERE IS THE OFFICE OF THE
SUPERVISOR OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES.

00:19:35.687 --> 00:19:37.397
BUT ARE THEY DOING ALL RIGHT?

00:19:37.397 --> 00:19:40.317
- BEYOND ANYTHING
ANYONE EVER DREAMED OF.

00:19:40.317 --> 00:19:42.027
THEY\'RE DOING SOMETHING
IN ALMOST EVERY DEPARTMENT

00:19:42.027 --> 00:19:43.236
IN THE PLANT.

00:19:43.236 --> 00:19:45.572
AND I DON\'T MEAN JUST CLERKS
AND CHECKERS.

00:19:45.572 --> 00:19:50.535
WE HAVE WOMEN ENGINEERS
AND OILERS IN THE BOILER ROOM,

00:19:50.535 --> 00:19:54.039
WOMEN REPAIR EXPERTS.

00:19:54.039 --> 00:19:56.875
WOMEN WORK
AT THE OIL MINES ABOVEGROUND,

00:19:56.875 --> 00:19:59.586
ALONG THE UNLOADING DOCKS,

00:19:59.586 --> 00:20:03.381
AND ON PRIVATE RAILROAD
TRACKS...

00:20:03.381 --> 00:20:07.761
AND WOMEN SHIPBUILDERS.

00:20:07.761 --> 00:20:11.223
THESE WOMEN ARE WORKING
AROUND THE CLOCK

00:20:11.223 --> 00:20:13.225
AROUND THE CALENDAR.

00:20:13.225 --> 00:20:16.686
THEY DO A MAN\'S JOB,
AND THEY CAN DRAW A MAN\'S PAY.

00:20:16.686 --> 00:20:19.105
AND THEY\'RE DOING IT SAFELY.

00:20:19.105 --> 00:20:24.069
THEY\'RE SAFER HERE
THAN IN THEIR OWN HOMES.

00:20:24.069 --> 00:20:26.947
- WELL, I WAS WELDING,
AND THE PEOPLE UP ABOVE ME,

00:20:26.947 --> 00:20:29.658
THEY WERE KNOCKING
SOME PIECES OF IRON DOWN,

00:20:29.658 --> 00:20:31.993
AND I HOLLERED AND SAID,
\"CUT THAT OUT.\"

00:20:31.993 --> 00:20:33.787
FIRST THING I KNEW, A BIG PIECE
CAME DOWN AND HIT ME

00:20:33.787 --> 00:20:38.208
ON THE BACK OF THE HEAD,
AND DOWN I WENT.

00:20:38.208 --> 00:20:40.293
I WAS JUST HANGING
OVER THE BIG IRON PIPES

00:20:40.293 --> 00:20:43.046
WHEN SOMEBODY COME IN THERE
AND GOT ME OFF

00:20:43.046 --> 00:20:44.589
OF THE BIG IRON PIPES.

00:20:44.589 --> 00:20:47.259
I WAS TAKEN OUT
IN THE BASKET.

00:20:47.259 --> 00:20:48.885
AND I BARELY REMEMBERED--

00:20:48.885 --> 00:20:50.720
I THOUGHT--
I KNEW I WAS IN THE BASKET.

00:20:50.720 --> 00:20:52.764
THEY HAVE WHAT--
THEY CALL IT THE BASKET--

00:20:52.764 --> 00:20:54.599
AND WAS TAKEN OUT
WITHOUT A CRANE.

00:20:54.599 --> 00:20:56.476
YOU\'RE WAY UP IN THE AIR,
ALL RIGHT.

00:20:56.476 --> 00:20:58.770
THERE WAS ONE MAN
THAT GOT KILLED

00:20:58.770 --> 00:21:03.066
RIGHT ABOUT 12 FEET OF ME
WHEN I WAS WELDING ON THE DECK.

00:21:03.066 --> 00:21:06.319
A BIG IRON--
WHAT DID THEY CALL THOSE?

00:21:06.319 --> 00:21:08.238
STANDARDS OR SOMETHING
LIKE THAT.

00:21:08.238 --> 00:21:10.907
ANYWAY, A BIG COLUMN OF IRON
FELL OVER

00:21:10.907 --> 00:21:15.620
AND JUST MASHED HIM FLAT
INSTANTLY.

00:21:15.620 --> 00:21:18.248
- THIS WAS A JOB--
IT WAS AN AMMUNITION PLACE

00:21:18.248 --> 00:21:20.375
WHERE YOU HAD TO SIFT GUNPOWDER
AND STUFF.

00:21:20.375 --> 00:21:23.837
YOU HAD TO HAVE SHOES.
THEY GAVE YOU A LARGE INSURANCE.

00:21:23.837 --> 00:21:25.338
YOU GOT A GREAT, BIG INSURANCE,

00:21:25.338 --> 00:21:27.507
SOMETHING LIKE $10,000
OR SOMETHING.

00:21:27.507 --> 00:21:30.010
YOU HAD TO GO AND GET OUTFITTED
FOR IT.

00:21:30.010 --> 00:21:33.388
FOR INSTANCE,
THE SHOES HAD TO BE GROUNDED,

00:21:33.388 --> 00:21:36.308
AND THEY WOULDN\'T GIVE US
THE SHOES ON CREDIT,

00:21:36.308 --> 00:21:38.768
SO THEY LET US WORK
WITHOUT THE SHOES.

00:21:38.768 --> 00:21:41.980
IF I HAD BEEN OLDER,
I WOULDN\'T HAVE TAKEN THE JOB,

00:21:41.980 --> 00:21:43.940
BECAUSE I WOULD HAVE KNOWN
IT WAS DANGEROUS.

00:21:43.940 --> 00:21:46.943
BECAUSE ONE OF THE GIRLS--
YOU COULDN\'T WEAR SLIPS--

00:21:46.943 --> 00:21:49.237
A SLIP OR SILK STOCKINGS.

00:21:49.237 --> 00:21:51.156
WOMEN WORE SILK STOCKINGS
IN THOSE DAYS

00:21:51.156 --> 00:21:52.616
INSTEAD OF NYLONS

00:21:52.616 --> 00:21:55.327
UNTIL, YOU KNOW,
THEY ALL GOT AWAY FROM US,

00:21:55.327 --> 00:21:56.703
YOU KNOW, DURING THE WAR.

00:21:56.703 --> 00:21:58.330
THEN WE DIDN\'T HAVE ANY.

00:21:58.330 --> 00:22:02.876
BUT SHE WENT IN WITH A HAIRPIN
IN HER HAIR ONE DAY

00:22:02.876 --> 00:22:04.419
AND IT CREATED A SPARK

00:22:04.419 --> 00:22:08.173
AND SHE AND HER PARTNER
BLEW UP TO SMITHEREENS.

00:22:08.173 --> 00:22:10.550
THAT\'S WHEN I SAID,
\"WELL, FORGET THIS JOB.

00:22:10.550 --> 00:22:12.385
I\'M NOT GONNA WORK HERE
ANYMORE.\"

00:22:12.385 --> 00:22:14.804
SO I QUIT THAT.
IT WAS TOO DANGEROUS.

00:22:22.520 --> 00:22:25.815
- KOFSKY,
THIS SHOP ON 6TH AVENUE,

00:22:25.815 --> 00:22:27.901
WASN\'T WHAT I WAS DREAMING OF.

00:22:27.901 --> 00:22:32.238
I HAD WANTED TO WORK
IN SOME BIG AIRCRAFT PLANT

00:22:32.238 --> 00:22:35.700
LIKE WE WERE BEGINNING
TO SEE IN THE MOVIES.

00:22:35.700 --> 00:22:37.869
AND KOFSKY SHOP, WELL,

00:22:37.869 --> 00:22:40.246
IT WAS AN OLD DIVE

00:22:40.246 --> 00:22:43.249
ON 6TH AVENUE
AND 21ST STREET.

00:22:43.249 --> 00:22:45.168
WE WERE VERY GOOD PRODUCERS,

00:22:45.168 --> 00:22:48.254
BUT WE WERE EARNING FAR LESS
THAN THE MEN,

00:22:48.254 --> 00:22:51.383
BUT WE\'RE DOING THE SAME WORK.

00:22:51.383 --> 00:22:54.678
WE CERTAINLY WANTED
TO HELP THE WAR EFFORT.

00:22:54.678 --> 00:22:59.432
ALL OF US WERE VERY INVOLVED
IN THOSE FEELINGS.

00:22:59.432 --> 00:23:03.561
NO ONE OF US CAME FROM A FAMILY
THAT WOULD TAKE CARE OF US.

00:23:03.561 --> 00:23:06.523
WE HAD TO EARN A LIVING,
AND WE WERE NOT DOING SO.

00:23:06.523 --> 00:23:09.275
ONE OF THE WOMEN,
BLANCHE AND I WENT DOWN

00:23:09.275 --> 00:23:11.695
TO UNITED ELECTRICAL WORKERS
UNION.

00:23:11.695 --> 00:23:13.405
WE STARTED
TO WEAR UNION BUTTONS,

00:23:13.405 --> 00:23:18.451
AND MR. KOFSKY\'S FACE CHANGED,
HE DIDN\'T LIKE US ANYMORE.

00:23:18.451 --> 00:23:21.871
WE WERE NO LONGER HIS GIRLS.

00:23:21.871 --> 00:23:23.540
HE DIDN\'T LIKE US.

00:23:23.540 --> 00:23:28.795
AND HE HAD A FOREMAN EMIL
WHO FELT PERSONALLY INSULTED

00:23:28.795 --> 00:23:31.131
BY OUR UNION BUTTONS

00:23:31.131 --> 00:23:33.591
BECAUSE HE SAYS
THAT HE WAS GOOD TO US.

00:23:33.591 --> 00:23:38.972
AND HE WAS GOOD TO US.
IT HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH IT.

00:23:38.972 --> 00:23:40.640
IT TOOK A FEW WEEKS,

00:23:40.640 --> 00:23:43.518
WE GOT UNION CARDS SIGNED,

00:23:43.518 --> 00:23:45.770
WE CAME TO WORK ONE MORNING,

00:23:45.770 --> 00:23:48.023
DOOR WAS LOCKED.

00:23:48.023 --> 00:23:49.149
WE COULDN\'T COME IN.

00:23:49.149 --> 00:23:50.775
WE WERE LOCKED OUT.

00:23:50.775 --> 00:23:52.777
INTERESTING SIDELIGHT.

00:23:52.777 --> 00:23:55.613
WE HAD SOME BLACK WOMEN WORKERS
WITH US.

00:23:55.613 --> 00:23:57.991
THEY HAD NEVER BEFORE TOLD US,

00:23:57.991 --> 00:24:00.285
BUT ONLY WHEN WE WERE ORGANIZING
IN THE UNION

00:24:00.285 --> 00:24:05.832
DID WE FIND OUT THAT THEY WERE
PAID 5¢ LESS PER HOUR

00:24:05.832 --> 00:24:10.211
THAN THE WHITE WORKERS
HAD BEEN PAID.

00:24:10.211 --> 00:24:13.840
TALK ABOUT CHEAP.

00:24:13.840 --> 00:24:18.011
SO THELMA, OUR UNION ORGANIZER,
CAME ALONG.

00:24:18.011 --> 00:24:22.015
SHE CALLED NEWSPAPERS,
AND THEY CAME WITH CAMERAS.

00:24:22.015 --> 00:24:23.600
THE UNION FILED A COMPLAINT

00:24:23.600 --> 00:24:25.518
AT THE NATIONAL
LABOR RELATIONS BOARD,

00:24:25.518 --> 00:24:27.020
SAYING THAT WE WANTED
TO WORK,

00:24:27.020 --> 00:24:28.396
WE WERE WORKING
FOR THE WAR EFFORT,

00:24:28.396 --> 00:24:29.647
AND HE WOULDN\'T PERMIT US
TO WORK,

00:24:29.647 --> 00:24:32.025
HIS ATTITUDE HAD CHANGED
SINCE THE UNION.

00:24:32.025 --> 00:24:33.777
AND OF COURSE HE SAID
WE WERE NO GOOD,

00:24:33.777 --> 00:24:36.362
WE WERE UNSKILLED, WE DIDN\'T
KNOW WHAT WE WERE DOING,

00:24:36.362 --> 00:24:38.198
WE WERE ONLY GOOD, AS HE SAID,

00:24:38.198 --> 00:24:42.577
FOR \"BEING MARRIED
AND HAVING BABIES.\"

00:24:42.577 --> 00:24:46.372
THAT\'S ALL WE WERE GOOD FOR.

00:24:46.372 --> 00:24:48.708
WELL, WE WENT
TO THE LABOR RELATIONS BOARD,

00:24:48.708 --> 00:24:52.128
AND THEY RULED IN OUR FAVOR.

00:24:52.128 --> 00:24:56.424
AND WE WERE MEMBERS
OF THE ELECTRICAL WORKERS UNION,

00:24:56.424 --> 00:24:59.219
AND THE CHANGE IN OUR MONEY
WAS FANTASTIC.

00:24:59.219 --> 00:25:01.471
I CAN\'T RECALL NOW,
BUT IT WENT--

00:25:01.471 --> 00:25:05.683
IT WAS ABOUT AN 80% RAISE.

00:25:05.683 --> 00:25:07.310
- OH, IT MADE A GREAT CHANGE.

00:25:07.310 --> 00:25:09.354
I THINK IT MADE CHANGES
IN EVERYBODY\'S LIVES,

00:25:09.354 --> 00:25:11.397
\'CAUSE WE WEREN\'T USED
TO MAKING THE MONEY

00:25:11.397 --> 00:25:12.565
THAT WE WERE MAKING THEN.

00:25:12.565 --> 00:25:13.650
YOU\'D THINK YOU\'D MAKE MORE
IN A DAY

00:25:13.650 --> 00:25:15.735
THAN YOU USED TO MAKE
ALL WEEK.

00:25:15.735 --> 00:25:17.320
OH, YOU JUST BOUGHT EVERYTHING,

00:25:17.320 --> 00:25:20.490
AND IT JUST NEVER DAWNED ON YOU
TO SAVE MONEY.

00:25:20.490 --> 00:25:22.200
IT DIDN\'T TO ME.
A LOT OF \'EM DID.

00:25:22.200 --> 00:25:23.785
SOME OF THEM
SAID THEY SAVED THEIR MONEY

00:25:23.785 --> 00:25:25.161
JUST LIKE EVERYTHING.

00:25:25.161 --> 00:25:26.579
AND SOMEBODY WOULD TELL ME,
YOU KNOW,

00:25:26.579 --> 00:25:28.414
YOU BETTER SAVE THAT MONEY,
\'CAUSE AFTER THE WAR

00:25:28.414 --> 00:25:30.083
YOU CAN BUY A HOUSE,
YOU CAN BUY THIS,

00:25:30.083 --> 00:25:31.376
YOU CAN BUY THAT.

00:25:31.376 --> 00:25:32.544
I SAID--I\'D ALWAYS SAY,
\"QUIT TELLING ME

00:25:32.544 --> 00:25:34.420
HOW TO SPEND MY MONEY.\"

00:25:34.420 --> 00:25:37.757
I WAS BUYING FOX FURS
AND ALL THESE--

00:25:37.757 --> 00:25:40.718
I WAS JUST BUYING
ANYTHING I COULD SEE.

00:25:40.718 --> 00:25:43.721
[Minnie\'s in the Money]

00:25:43.721 --> 00:25:45.306
♪

00:25:45.306 --> 00:25:49.561
- ♪ HAVE YOU HEARD
THAT MINNIE\'S IN THE MONEY ♪

00:25:49.561 --> 00:25:54.774
♪ TAKE MY WORD
THAT MINNIE\'S IN THE MONEY ♪

00:25:54.774 --> 00:25:56.359
♪ SHE HASN\'T GOT A GUY

00:25:56.359 --> 00:25:59.696
♪ WHO\'S GOT A DIAMOND MINE

00:25:59.696 --> 00:26:03.366
♪ BUT SHE\'S A WELDER
ON THE OLD ASSEMBLY LINE ♪

00:26:03.366 --> 00:26:06.119
♪ SO BLESS HER, SIR

00:26:06.119 --> 00:26:08.538
♪ MINNIE\'S IN THE MONEY

00:26:08.538 --> 00:26:10.456
♪ MINNIE\'S IN THE MONEY

00:26:10.456 --> 00:26:13.585
♪ THAT\'S FINE

00:26:13.585 --> 00:26:15.461
♪ SHE\'S HELPING UNCLE SAM

00:26:15.461 --> 00:26:18.423
♪ TO KEEP HIS PEOPLE FREE

00:26:18.423 --> 00:26:20.758
♪ SHE\'S OKAY, HOORAY

00:26:20.758 --> 00:26:23.052
♪ MINNIE\'S IN THE DOUGH-RE-MI

00:26:23.052 --> 00:26:26.347
- WHEN I WORKED AT LOCKHEED
OR ANY OF THE FACTORIES,

00:26:26.347 --> 00:26:27.807
I WORKED AN EIGHT-HOUR SHIFT.

00:26:27.807 --> 00:26:29.475
IF THEY ASKED ME
TO WORK OVERTIME,

00:26:29.475 --> 00:26:31.728
I GOT PAID FOR OVERTIME.

00:26:31.728 --> 00:26:35.064
SO IT WAS--IT WAS
A BIG DIFFERENCE THERE.

00:26:35.064 --> 00:26:37.150
IT WOULD GET BORING AT TIMES,

00:26:37.150 --> 00:26:39.944
BUT ALL IN ALL
I WAS DOING

00:26:39.944 --> 00:26:42.739
THE SAME WORK
THAT OTHER PEOPLE WAS DOING.

00:26:42.739 --> 00:26:45.491
AND THEN IF THINGS
DIDN\'T WORK RIGHT,

00:26:45.491 --> 00:26:47.493
I COULD ALWAYS GO
TO THE UNION.

00:26:47.493 --> 00:26:49.412
WHO COULD I GO TO
DOING DOMESTIC WORK?

00:26:49.412 --> 00:26:50.955
THERE WAS NO UNION THERE
TO GO TO.

00:26:50.955 --> 00:26:54.000
I EITHER HAD TO JUST QUIT,
PACK UP AND LEAVE,

00:26:54.000 --> 00:26:56.836
OR WHATEVER,
BUT I DID HAVE SOME SAY-SO

00:26:56.836 --> 00:26:59.923
AT A JOB IN THE FACTORY.

00:26:59.923 --> 00:27:01.841
AND THERE WAS
ANOTHER DIFFERENCE TOO.

00:27:01.841 --> 00:27:04.219
INSTEAD OF WORKING ALONE
ALL THE TIME,

00:27:04.219 --> 00:27:05.887
LIKE YOU DO IN DOMESTIC WORK,

00:27:05.887 --> 00:27:07.347
\'CAUSE YOU\'RE IN THE KITCHEN

00:27:07.347 --> 00:27:09.682
OR WHEREVER YOU WERE AT
BY YOURSELF,

00:27:09.682 --> 00:27:12.435
I WAS ALWAYS WITH A BUNCH
OF OTHER WOMEN.

00:27:19.609 --> 00:27:21.945
- MANY OF OUR GIRLS
HAVE NEVER WORKED BEFORE

00:27:21.945 --> 00:27:23.529
OUTSIDE THEIR OWN HOMES.

00:27:23.529 --> 00:27:25.865
WE HAVE THE WIVES
OF COLLEGE PROFESSORS,

00:27:25.865 --> 00:27:28.868
CLUB WOMEN, HOME GIRLS
WHO ARE DOING IT

00:27:28.868 --> 00:27:30.995
AS THEIR PATRIOTIC DUTY.

00:27:30.995 --> 00:27:32.705
ONE HAD HER OWN BEAUTY PARLOR.

00:27:32.705 --> 00:27:34.707
THE OTHER WAS FORMERLY
A CIGARETTE GIRL

00:27:34.707 --> 00:27:36.167
AT A NIGHTCLUB.

00:27:36.167 --> 00:27:38.378
AND ROSITA MOSER,
WHO CLERKED IN ONE

00:27:38.378 --> 00:27:41.005
OF THE COMPANY\'S
FINEST DEPARTMENT STORES.

00:27:41.005 --> 00:27:43.383
NOW SHE\'S
IN OUR RECLAIMING DEPARTMENT.

00:27:43.383 --> 00:27:44.801
- ISN\'T THIS A FUNNY PLACE
FOR YOU?

00:27:44.801 --> 00:27:46.135
- NOT IF IT HELPS WIN THE WAR.

00:27:46.135 --> 00:27:48.846
- BUT AFTER CLERKING
IN A FASHIONABLE STORE...

00:27:48.846 --> 00:27:50.890
- I LIKE IT HERE,
AND IT SAVES MY CLOTHES.

00:27:50.890 --> 00:27:52.016
- YES, I SUPPOSE IT WOULD.

00:27:52.016 --> 00:27:53.184
- DID YOU EVER TRY PLEASING

00:27:53.184 --> 00:27:55.019
A BUNCH OF WOMEN SHOPPERS
ALL DAY?

00:27:55.019 --> 00:27:56.312
- NO, I NEVER DID.

00:27:56.312 --> 00:27:58.481
- WELL, HERE I JUST HAVE
TO PLEASE THE BOSS,

00:27:58.481 --> 00:28:00.066
AND HE\'S A MAN.

00:28:00.066 --> 00:28:03.695
- OF COURSE WE\'VE MADE
THE PLANTS ATTRACTIVE FOR THEM.

00:28:03.695 --> 00:28:06.656
THE WOMEN HAVE
THEIR OWN LOCKERS

00:28:06.656 --> 00:28:08.741
AND WASHUP ROOMS.

00:28:08.741 --> 00:28:11.411
THEY COME OUT FROM WORK

00:28:11.411 --> 00:28:15.915
LOOKING LIKE BUSINESS GIRLS
ON VACATION REALLY.

00:28:15.915 --> 00:28:17.834
- WE WERE SURPRISED TO KNOW
THERE WAS A SHOWER IN THERE,

00:28:17.834 --> 00:28:20.962
SO ONE OF THE BLACK WOMEN
WENT UP.

00:28:20.962 --> 00:28:22.588
SO WHEN SHE WENT UP THERE
TO TAKE A SHOWER,

00:28:22.588 --> 00:28:23.756
SHE SAYS,
\"WELL, I\'M GOING UP THERE,\"

00:28:23.756 --> 00:28:25.967
AND WE SAID, \"OKAY, WE\'LL BE UP
A LITTLE LATER.\"

00:28:25.967 --> 00:28:29.387
SO THE NEXT THING WE KNOW
IS A WHOLE LOT OF CONFUSION.

00:28:29.387 --> 00:28:30.888
WE GOT UP THERE
AND THE MATRON WAS UP THERE

00:28:30.888 --> 00:28:34.267
AND TELLING HER TO COME OUT OF
THERE AND GET OUT OF THERE FAST.

00:28:34.267 --> 00:28:35.727
AND SHE SAYS, \"WHY?\"
AND SHE SAYS,

00:28:35.727 --> 00:28:36.769
\"YOU\'RE NOT SUPPOSED
TO BE IN THERE.\"

00:28:36.769 --> 00:28:38.104
AND SHE SAYS,
\"THOSE OTHER WOMEN

00:28:38.104 --> 00:28:39.397
ARE IN THERE TAKING A SHOWER.\"

00:28:39.397 --> 00:28:40.565
SHE SAYS, \"WELL, I DON\'T CARE
WHO\'S IN THERE.

00:28:40.565 --> 00:28:42.191
YOU\'RE NOT SUPPOSED
TO BE IN THERE.\"

00:28:42.191 --> 00:28:45.945
AND SHE SAID, \"IF YOU DON\'T
COME OUT, WE\'LL GET THE GUARD.\"

00:28:45.945 --> 00:28:47.613
SO WE TRIED TO TALK HER OUT.

00:28:47.613 --> 00:28:49.490
WE DIDN\'T WANT TO SEE HER
LOSE HER JOB.

00:28:49.490 --> 00:28:51.034
AND SHE SAID,
\"NO, I\'M NOT COMING OUT.\"

00:28:51.034 --> 00:28:52.869
SHE SAYS, \"LONG AS THEY GOT
SHOWERS IN HERE,

00:28:52.869 --> 00:28:55.079
AND THOSE WOMEN ARE USING \'EM,
I\'M USING \'EM TOO.\"

00:28:55.079 --> 00:28:57.373
SO THEY CLOSED THE SHOWERS DOWN.

00:28:57.373 --> 00:29:01.044
AND SO THEN A LOT OF \'EM DECIDED
NOT TO WORK WITH US PERIOD.

00:29:01.044 --> 00:29:03.713
SO THE UNION STEWARD
SENT TO LOCAL 600,

00:29:03.713 --> 00:29:05.548
AND THEY SENT
A REPRESENTATIVE.

00:29:05.548 --> 00:29:06.758
HE ASKED \'EM
WHAT WAS THE MATTER.

00:29:06.758 --> 00:29:08.301
WELL, THEY DIDN\'T WANT
TO TALK TO HIM

00:29:08.301 --> 00:29:09.635
BECAUSE HE WAS BLACK,

00:29:09.635 --> 00:29:11.679
AND THEY WAS WAITING
FOR SOMEBODY ELSE TO COME.

00:29:11.679 --> 00:29:13.806
HE SAYS, \"I\'M ALL
THAT\'S GONNA BE HERE.

00:29:13.806 --> 00:29:15.433
SO ALL I WANT TO KNOW
IS WHAT\'S WRONG.\"

00:29:15.433 --> 00:29:17.477
AND THEY SAID, \"WE\'RE NOT GONNA
WORK WITH THOSE WOMEN.\"

00:29:17.477 --> 00:29:18.895
HE SAID, \"WHAT WOMEN?\"

00:29:18.895 --> 00:29:21.189
AND THEY SAID--WELL,
THEY DIDN\'T SAY BLACK THEN.

00:29:21.189 --> 00:29:22.732
THEY SAID,
\"WELL, THOSE COLORED WOMEN.\"

00:29:22.732 --> 00:29:24.609
AND HE SAYS,
\"WHY DON\'T YOU WANT

00:29:24.609 --> 00:29:25.818
TO WORK
WITH THOSE COLORED WOMEN?\"

00:29:25.818 --> 00:29:28.488
AND THEY SAID,
\"WE JUST DON\'T WANT TO.\"

00:29:28.488 --> 00:29:30.114
HE SAID,
\"WELL, DO YOU WANT THE JOBS?\"

00:29:30.114 --> 00:29:31.366
THEY SAID,
\"YEAH, WE WANT THE JOBS.\"

00:29:31.366 --> 00:29:32.742
HE SAYS,
\"OKAY, THEN YOU GO TO WORK.

00:29:32.742 --> 00:29:34.702
\"IF YOU DON\'T WANT THE JOBS,
JUST TURN IN YOUR TIME.

00:29:34.702 --> 00:29:36.079
\"THAT\'S ALL YOU CAN DO.

00:29:36.079 --> 00:29:38.539
WE\'LL GET SOMEBODY THAT DOES
WANT TO WORK WITH THEM.\"

00:29:38.539 --> 00:29:41.876
SO AFTER THAT, WELL,
THEY WENT ON BACK TO WORK.

00:29:41.876 --> 00:29:44.462
THEY EVENTUALLY GOT OVER IT,

00:29:44.462 --> 00:29:46.214
SO WE STARTED WORKING
AFTER THAT.

00:29:46.214 --> 00:29:50.259
COURSE, AFTER WE WORKED A WHILE
AND GOT USED TO EACH OTHER,

00:29:50.259 --> 00:29:52.428
THEN WE\'D LAUGH
ABOUT THOSE THINGS.

00:29:54.347 --> 00:29:57.350
[upbeat music]

00:29:57.350 --> 00:30:03.689
♪

00:30:03.689 --> 00:30:05.149
- ♪ THE DAY AFTER PAYDAY

00:30:05.149 --> 00:30:07.360
♪ IS NOT THE TIME
TO RELAX ♪

00:30:07.360 --> 00:30:08.861
♪ STAY ON THE JOB

00:30:08.861 --> 00:30:11.406
♪ AND GIVE THE AXIS THE AX

00:30:11.406 --> 00:30:15.076
♪ TIME WON\'T WAIT
FOR YOU AND ME ♪

00:30:15.076 --> 00:30:19.205
♪ DON\'T BE AN ABSENTEE

00:30:19.205 --> 00:30:20.706
♪ DON\'T GO TO THE RACES

00:30:20.706 --> 00:30:22.708
♪ WHEN YOU KNOW
THAT YOUR PLACE IS ♪

00:30:22.708 --> 00:30:26.712
♪ ON THE OLD ASSEMBLY LINE

00:30:26.712 --> 00:30:28.339
♪ NO TIME TO GO FISHIN\'

00:30:28.339 --> 00:30:30.216
♪ WHEN WE NEED AMMUNITION

00:30:30.216 --> 00:30:34.345
♪ AND THE JOB IS YOURS
AND MINE ♪

00:30:34.345 --> 00:30:35.888
♪ KEEP PUNCHING THE CLOCK

00:30:35.888 --> 00:30:38.057
♪ UNTIL YOU KNOCK OUT THE FOE

00:30:38.057 --> 00:30:41.519
♪ DON\'T STAY AWAY
OR YOU\'LL BE MISSING THE SHOW ♪

00:30:41.519 --> 00:30:45.898
♪ IF YOU WANT
YOUR COUNTRY FREE ♪

00:30:45.898 --> 00:30:49.068
♪ DON\'T BE AN ABSENTEE ♪

00:30:49.068 --> 00:30:52.530
- I NEEDED TO TAKE CARE
OF MY LAUNDRY.

00:30:52.530 --> 00:30:55.116
I NEEDED TO DO--
HELP WITH THE HOUSEWORK

00:30:55.116 --> 00:30:56.284
WHEN I GOT HOME.

00:30:56.284 --> 00:30:58.244
I WAS LIVING
WITH MY HUSBAND\'S MOTHER

00:30:58.244 --> 00:31:01.414
AT THE TIME
AND VARIOUS OTHER RELATIVES.

00:31:01.414 --> 00:31:03.291
WE WERE ALL SORT OF TOGETHER
FOR THE WAR.

00:31:03.291 --> 00:31:04.876
AND THINGS HAD TO BE DONE,

00:31:04.876 --> 00:31:08.087
AND THERE WAS NEVER ANY
UNDERSTANDING OR ANY RESPECT

00:31:08.087 --> 00:31:10.214
REALLY GIVEN TO WOMEN

00:31:10.214 --> 00:31:12.925
FOR THEIR LIFE
OUTSIDE OF THE WORKPLACE.

00:31:12.925 --> 00:31:17.013
AND I ADMIT I MYSELF
NEVER EVEN GAVE MUCH THOUGHT

00:31:17.013 --> 00:31:19.098
TO WOMEN WORKERS
WHO HAD CHILDREN.

00:31:19.098 --> 00:31:20.725
HOW WERE THEY MANAGING?

00:31:20.725 --> 00:31:23.895
- WHEN I CAME TO SAN FRANCISCO
TO WORK

00:31:23.895 --> 00:31:25.396
AND WENT TO WORK
IN THE SHIPYARDS,

00:31:25.396 --> 00:31:28.774
I HAD A LITTLE CHILD
THAT I HAD TO LEAVE BEHIND.

00:31:28.774 --> 00:31:30.276
I HAD TO LEAVE HER
WITH MY MOTHER

00:31:30.276 --> 00:31:33.279
BECAUSE UP HERE I DIDN\'T THINK
I WOULD HAVE ANY PLACE

00:31:33.279 --> 00:31:34.447
FOR HER TO STAY.

00:31:34.447 --> 00:31:37.450
AND I WAS GOING
INTO A NEW COMMUNITY

00:31:37.450 --> 00:31:39.744
IN A NEW TOWN,
AND I DIDN\'T WANT TO BRING

00:31:39.744 --> 00:31:40.953
MY CHILD WITH ME.

00:31:40.953 --> 00:31:42.788
AND I LEFT HER WITH MY MOTHER,

00:31:42.788 --> 00:31:45.666
AND IT WAS ONE
OF THE MOST AWFUL THINGS

00:31:45.666 --> 00:31:47.418
I THINK I EVER DID
TO ANYBODY

00:31:47.418 --> 00:31:50.922
BECAUSE EVEN TODAY
THAT CHILD HURTS

00:31:50.922 --> 00:31:52.965
BECAUSE SHE FELT--
BECAUSE I PROMISED HER THAT,

00:31:52.965 --> 00:31:56.302
GIVE ME ONE YEAR AWAY
AND I\'LL COME BACK AND GET YOU,

00:31:56.302 --> 00:31:59.055
AND THAT ONE YEAR STRETCHED
INTO TWO YEARS

00:31:59.055 --> 00:32:00.932
AND FINALLY
INTO THREE YEARS

00:32:00.932 --> 00:32:03.100
AND ENDED UP ALMOST FIVE YEARS

00:32:03.100 --> 00:32:04.685
BEFORE I COULD GO BACK
AND GET HER.

00:32:04.685 --> 00:32:09.482
AND THAT\'S ONE OF THE THINGS
THAT\'S VERY BAD.

00:32:09.482 --> 00:32:11.317
IF THERE HAD BEEN
ANY KIND OF CONDITIONS

00:32:11.317 --> 00:32:13.194
UNDER WHICH I COULD HAVE BROUGHT
HER WITH ME,

00:32:13.194 --> 00:32:14.695
I CERTAINLY
WOULD HAVE BROUGHT HER.

00:32:22.870 --> 00:32:24.997
- BUT THE COMMUNITY
KNEW ABOUT THAT,

00:32:24.997 --> 00:32:26.999
WAS PLANNING TO MEET THAT.

00:32:26.999 --> 00:32:29.961
11 DAY NURSERIES,
MORE TO FOLLOW.

00:32:29.961 --> 00:32:31.796
HERE, WOMEN CAN LEAVE
THEIR CHILDREN

00:32:31.796 --> 00:32:34.549
WHILE THEY WORK,
CONFIDENT OF THE BEST OF CARE

00:32:34.549 --> 00:32:36.634
IN THE MOST PLEASANT
OF SURROUNDINGS.

00:32:48.229 --> 00:32:50.147
- I DON\'T KNOW.
I NEVER HEARD OF ANY, YOU KNOW,

00:32:50.147 --> 00:32:53.234
WHERE I COULD TAKE MY CHILDREN
ANYWAY.

00:32:53.234 --> 00:32:56.237
THERE MOSTLY WERE PRIVATE ONES,
AND THEY WERE WAY OUT.

00:32:56.237 --> 00:32:57.572
I\'M SURE
THEY MUST HAVE HAD THEM.

00:32:57.572 --> 00:33:00.825
I HAD TO PUT MY DAUGHTER
IN BOARDING SCHOOL,

00:33:00.825 --> 00:33:03.452
AND THE OTHER ONE
WAS WITH HER DAD.

00:33:03.452 --> 00:33:04.537
I\'D ALWAYS HAD HER WITH ME.

00:33:04.537 --> 00:33:06.914
AND TO HAVE TO SEND HER AWAY--

00:33:06.914 --> 00:33:10.501
BUT I, YOU KNOW,
RAN INTO SO MANY BRICK WALLS,

00:33:10.501 --> 00:33:12.712
YOU KNOW, KEEPING HER
IN PRIVATE HOMES AND EVERYTHING.

00:33:12.712 --> 00:33:14.380
IF IT WASN\'T ONE THING
THAT WAS HAPPENING,

00:33:14.380 --> 00:33:16.007
IT WAS SOMETHING ELSE.

00:33:16.007 --> 00:33:18.259
- MY KID WAS LITTLE.

00:33:18.259 --> 00:33:20.511
AND SO I WORKED AT NIGHT.

00:33:20.511 --> 00:33:22.680
AND SO I WOULD GET HOME
IN THE MORNING.

00:33:22.680 --> 00:33:25.725
I DIDN\'T HAVE A WASHING MACHINE,

00:33:25.725 --> 00:33:30.187
SO I WASHED BY HAND,
HUNG THE CLOTHES ON THE LINE.

00:33:30.187 --> 00:33:32.732
THEN I WOULD HAVE
TO CLEAN THE HOUSE,

00:33:32.732 --> 00:33:33.941
BATHE THE BABY.

00:33:33.941 --> 00:33:36.902
THEN I WOULD HAVE
TO GO SHOPPING.

00:33:36.902 --> 00:33:40.364
- THERE WERE LOTS OF DISHES
EVERY NIGHT, POTS.

00:33:40.364 --> 00:33:42.867
MY MOTHER-IN-LAW WAS NOT YOUNG.

00:33:42.867 --> 00:33:46.370
I WOULD CERTAINLY NOT SEE HER
DO THE DISHES.

00:33:46.370 --> 00:33:49.582
NOW MY BROTHER-IN-LAW
WHO WAS ALSO--HE WAS--

00:33:49.582 --> 00:33:52.460
HE WORKED
AT THE BROOKLYN NAVY YARD.

00:33:52.460 --> 00:33:54.712
AND I GUESS I JUST ACCEPTED IT--

00:33:54.712 --> 00:33:57.131
AFTER DINNER HE WOULD
LIE DOWN ON THE COUCH

00:33:57.131 --> 00:33:59.967
AND LISTEN TO JAZZ RECORDS,

00:33:59.967 --> 00:34:04.221
AND I FELT THE NEED
TO PITCH IN IN THE KITCHEN.

00:34:04.221 --> 00:34:06.599
- WHEN YOUR HUSBAND CAME HOME,

00:34:06.599 --> 00:34:09.310
YOU KNOW, HE\'D PROP HIS FEET UP
AND GOT A CAN OF BEER

00:34:09.310 --> 00:34:12.980
WHILE YOU FIXED DINNER,
OR, EVEN IF WE WEREN\'T WORKING

00:34:12.980 --> 00:34:15.107
THE SAME SHIFTS,
YOU FIXED DINNER AND LEFT IT

00:34:15.107 --> 00:34:17.026
WHERE IT WOULD BE CONVENIENT
FOR HIM TO GET.

00:34:17.026 --> 00:34:18.361
THAT SORT OF THING.

00:34:18.361 --> 00:34:21.447
SO IT WAS VERY HARD
FOR WOMEN TO REALLY PARTICIPATE

00:34:21.447 --> 00:34:23.824
IN THE UNION MEETINGS.

00:34:23.824 --> 00:34:25.242
- IT JUST GOT TOO MUCH,

00:34:25.242 --> 00:34:30.206
AND I TRIED SO HARD
TO DO--MAKE THEM SEE

00:34:30.206 --> 00:34:31.999
THAT TEN HOURS
WAS JUST TOO MUCH FOR ME.

00:34:31.999 --> 00:34:34.335
I DIDN\'T MIND DOING EIGHT
AND AN OCCASIONAL NINE,

00:34:34.335 --> 00:34:36.128
BUT TEN WAS JUST TOO MUCH.

00:34:36.128 --> 00:34:37.505
I JUST COULDN\'T DO IT.

00:34:37.505 --> 00:34:39.465
AND I WROTE GRIEVANCE
AFTER GRIEVANCE,

00:34:39.465 --> 00:34:42.468
WHICH YOU JUST NEVER GET
ANYWHERE WITH IT.

00:34:42.468 --> 00:34:45.429
[alarm clock ringing]

00:35:00.528 --> 00:35:02.154
- SOME WERE TOO TIRED
IN THE MORNING

00:35:02.154 --> 00:35:05.783
TO FACE THE ASSEMBLY LINE
OR THE WORKBENCH.

00:35:08.369 --> 00:35:13.374
SOME FOUND THAT DEFENSE WORK
INTERFERED WITH THEIR SHOPPING.

00:35:13.374 --> 00:35:15.376
A FEW MEMBERS OF THE HIDDEN
ARMY, IT SEEMED,

00:35:15.376 --> 00:35:17.837
HAD EARNED ENOUGH
FOR THE FUR COAT THEY COVETED

00:35:17.837 --> 00:35:21.048
AND RETURNED
TO THEIR PREWAR EXISTENCE.

00:35:21.048 --> 00:35:22.967
PERHAPS THE WAR NEWS
LOOKED SWELL

00:35:22.967 --> 00:35:24.343
AND THE COMPULSION TO WORK
WAS DISSIPATED

00:35:24.343 --> 00:35:27.722
IN THE CONFIDENT TALK OF VICTORY
JUST AROUND THE CORNER.

00:35:27.722 --> 00:35:30.850
THE PAPERS REPORTED
A SLIGHT FALLING OFF

00:35:30.850 --> 00:35:32.184
IN PRODUCTION.

00:35:32.184 --> 00:35:33.811
THE KIDS NEEDED LOOKING AFTER,

00:35:33.811 --> 00:35:36.021
AND THE HOUSE SOMEHOW
REFUSED TO RUN ITSELF

00:35:36.021 --> 00:35:39.900
WHEN EIGHT HOURS A DAY
WERE SPENT AT THE PLANT.

00:35:39.900 --> 00:35:41.652
BUT BY FAR
THE MOST COMMON REASON

00:35:41.652 --> 00:35:44.488
WAS THAT WOMEN WERE
NOT ACCUSTOMED TO THE LONG HOURS

00:35:44.488 --> 00:35:46.532
OF HARD WORK.

00:35:46.532 --> 00:35:48.743
SHORTAGES APPEARED.

00:35:48.743 --> 00:35:52.538
AMERICAN PLANES FOUND THEMSELVES
LACKING BEARING ASSEMBLIES.

00:35:52.538 --> 00:35:56.667
OF A SUDDEN, THE WAR
WAS RIGHT IN THE AMERICAN HOME.

00:36:06.051 --> 00:36:09.096
\"THE GOVERNMENT REGRETS
TO INFORM...\"

00:36:09.096 --> 00:36:12.349
- NO.
NO.

00:36:12.349 --> 00:36:14.393
- OUR WOMEN LEARNED--
LEARNED IN BITTER TEARS

00:36:14.393 --> 00:36:17.104
AND HEARTACHE THAT IN WAR
THERE CAN BE NO SUCH THING

00:36:17.104 --> 00:36:19.565
AS A SLIGHT FALLING OFF
IN PRODUCTION.

00:36:19.565 --> 00:36:23.486
BECAUSE THERE\'S NO SUCH THING
AS A SLIGHT DEATH.

00:36:23.486 --> 00:36:25.404
[gunfire]

00:36:25.404 --> 00:36:28.282
- YOU KNOW, IF YOU EVEN TALKED
ABOUT THE UNION TOO MUCH,

00:36:28.282 --> 00:36:29.617
YOU WERE KIND OF UNPATRIOTIC.

00:36:29.617 --> 00:36:33.370
HOW DARE YOU TALK
ABOUT NOT WORKING OVERTIME

00:36:33.370 --> 00:36:37.041
OR NOT DOING MORE
THAN YOU WERE SUPPOSED TO

00:36:37.041 --> 00:36:40.419
WHEN OUR BOYS
WERE OVER THERE DYING FOR US?

00:36:40.419 --> 00:36:44.632
YOU KNOW?
NOT FOR BUSINESS, BUT FOR US

00:36:44.632 --> 00:36:46.133
THEY WERE DYING.

00:36:46.133 --> 00:36:49.470
[Arms for the Love of America]

00:36:49.470 --> 00:36:53.140
- ♪ ARMS FOR THE LOVE
OF AMERICA ♪

00:36:53.140 --> 00:36:55.267
♪ WE\'VE GOT TO GET
IN THE RACE ♪

00:36:55.267 --> 00:36:57.436
♪ AND WORK AT A LIVELY PACE

00:36:57.436 --> 00:36:59.396
♪ THEY SAY OVER HERE
WE\'VE NOTHING TO FEAR ♪

00:36:59.396 --> 00:37:01.398
♪ BUT LET\'S GET READY
JUST IN CASE ♪

00:37:01.398 --> 00:37:05.069
♪ ARMS FOR THE LOVE OF AMERICA

00:37:05.069 --> 00:37:08.823
♪ AND FOR THE LOVE
OF EVERY MOTHER\'S SON ♪

00:37:08.823 --> 00:37:09.990
♪ OH, THE FIGHT FOR FREEDOM

00:37:09.990 --> 00:37:12.660
♪ CAN BE LOST OR WON

00:37:12.660 --> 00:37:16.455
♪ BY THE MAN BEHIND THE MAN
BEHIND THE GUN ♪

00:37:16.455 --> 00:37:18.582
♪ BY THE MAN
BEHIND THE MAN ♪

00:37:18.582 --> 00:37:22.419
♪ BEHIND

00:37:22.419 --> 00:37:30.636
♪ THE GUN

00:37:32.888 --> 00:37:35.683
- I WAS WORKING
DOWN IN THE HOLE OF THE SHIP.

00:37:35.683 --> 00:37:37.768
THERE WAS
ABOUT SIX FILIPINO MEN,

00:37:37.768 --> 00:37:43.148
AND OVER THESE MEN WAS A
19-YEAR-OLD OFFICER OF THE SHIP.

00:37:43.148 --> 00:37:45.776
AND THIS BIG WHITE GUY

00:37:45.776 --> 00:37:49.822
WENT OVER AND STARTED TO KICK
THIS POOR FILIPINO.

00:37:49.822 --> 00:37:52.449
AND NONE OF THE WHITE MEN
THAT WAS WORKING DOWN THERE

00:37:52.449 --> 00:37:54.785
IN THE HOLE WITH ME
HAD SAID ONE WORD

00:37:54.785 --> 00:37:56.996
TO THIS GUY,
AND I HAD SAT THERE,

00:37:56.996 --> 00:37:58.330
AND I WAS GETTING MADDER
AND MADDER

00:37:58.330 --> 00:37:59.623
AND MADDER
BY THE MINUTE.

00:37:59.623 --> 00:38:02.626
I SPRANG TO MY FEET,
AND I TURNED ON MY TORCH,

00:38:02.626 --> 00:38:07.381
AND I HAD A FLAME ABOUT SIX OR
SEVEN FEET OUT IN FRONT OF ME,

00:38:07.381 --> 00:38:08.757
AND I WALKED UP TO HIM,
AND I SAID--

00:38:08.757 --> 00:38:12.177
YOU WANT ME TO SAY
THE REAL LANGUAGE?

00:38:12.177 --> 00:38:16.265
I SAID TO HIM, \"YOU SO-AND-SO,
IF YOU GO--LIFT ONE MORE FOOT,

00:38:16.265 --> 00:38:17.683
I\'LL CUT YOUR GUTS OUT.\"

00:38:17.683 --> 00:38:20.352
THAT WAS MY EXACT WORDS.
I WAS SO MAD WITH HIM.

00:38:20.352 --> 00:38:22.354
AND THEN HE STARTS
TO TELL ME

00:38:22.354 --> 00:38:23.856
THAT HE HAD BEEN TRAINED

00:38:23.856 --> 00:38:26.984
IN BOOT CAMP
THAT ANY NATIONAL GROUP

00:38:26.984 --> 00:38:30.863
WHO WAS DARK-SKINNED
WAS BENEATH ALL WHITE PEOPLE.

00:38:30.863 --> 00:38:32.364
BUT HE STARTED TO CRY.

00:38:32.364 --> 00:38:33.824
I BEGAN TO FEEL SORRY FOR HIM,

00:38:33.824 --> 00:38:35.659
BECAUSE HE WAS CRYING,
HE WAS REALLY CRYING,

00:38:35.659 --> 00:38:36.952
HE WAS SO FRIGHTENED.

00:38:36.952 --> 00:38:38.120
AND I WAS FRIGHTENED.

00:38:38.120 --> 00:38:39.872
I DIDN\'T KNOW WHAT I WAS DOING,
YOU KNOW.

00:38:39.872 --> 00:38:42.833
BUT IN THE END
I TURNED MY TORCH OFF.

00:38:42.833 --> 00:38:45.419
AND I SAT DOWN
ON THE STEPS WITH HIM.

00:38:45.419 --> 00:38:48.505
ABOUT THAT TIME,
THE INTERCOM ON BOARD THE SHIP

00:38:48.505 --> 00:38:50.591
STARTED TO ANNOUNCE,
\"LYN CHILDS,

00:38:50.591 --> 00:38:52.635
REPORT TO COLONEL HICKMAN
IMMEDIATELY.\"

00:38:52.635 --> 00:38:54.678
SO I SAID,
\"I GUESS THIS IS IT.\"

00:38:54.678 --> 00:38:57.222
SO I WENT UP
TO COLONEL HICKMAN\'S OFFICE.

00:38:57.222 --> 00:38:59.350
AND BEHIND CAME ME
ALL OF THESE MEN,

00:38:59.350 --> 00:39:01.185
THEY ALL LINED UP BEHIND--

00:39:01.185 --> 00:39:02.728
AND I SAID,
\"WHERE ARE YOU GUYS GOING?\"

00:39:02.728 --> 00:39:04.939
THEY SAID,
\"WE\'RE GOING WITH YOU.\"

00:39:04.939 --> 00:39:07.441
HE SAYS, \"I JUST WANTED
TO SEE LYN CHILDS.\"

00:39:07.441 --> 00:39:09.151
AND THEY SAID,
\"WELL, YOU SEE ALL OF US

00:39:09.151 --> 00:39:11.028
\"BECAUSE WE\'RE ALL--
WE\'RE ALL DOWN THERE.

00:39:11.028 --> 00:39:13.238
\"WE ALL DIDN\'T HAVE GUTS ENOUGH
TO DO WHAT SHE DID,

00:39:13.238 --> 00:39:14.657
AND WE\'RE WITH HER.\"

00:39:14.657 --> 00:39:16.742
SO HE SAID,
\"COME INTO THIS OFFICE,\"

00:39:16.742 --> 00:39:18.619
AND HE CAME OUT AND HAD
ONE OF THE GUARDS

00:39:18.619 --> 00:39:20.788
TAKE ME INSIDE THE OFFICE,
AND HE CLOSED THE DOOR REAL FAST

00:39:20.788 --> 00:39:23.207
TO KEEP THEM OUT
AND HE SAYS,

00:39:23.207 --> 00:39:25.084
\"WHAT KIND OF COMMUNIST ACTIVITY

00:39:25.084 --> 00:39:26.752
ARE YOU CARRYING ON
DOWN IN THE HOLE?\"

00:39:26.752 --> 00:39:28.712
AND I SAID, \"COMMUNIST?
WHAT IS THAT?\"

00:39:28.712 --> 00:39:30.756
HE SAYS, \"YOU KNOW
WHAT I\'M TALKING ABOUT.

00:39:30.756 --> 00:39:32.049
YOU\'RE A COMM--\"
I SAID, \"WELL, IF COMMUNISTS

00:39:32.049 --> 00:39:35.970
\"OBJECT TO THE KIND OF TREATMENT

00:39:35.970 --> 00:39:37.888
\"THAT MAN WAS PUTTING
ON THOSE FILIPINOS

00:39:37.888 --> 00:39:40.474
AND WOULD COME TO THEIR RESCUE,\"
I SAID,

00:39:40.474 --> 00:39:43.602
\"THEN I AM THE BIGGEST COMMUNIST
YOU EVER SAW IN YOUR LIFE.\"

00:39:43.602 --> 00:39:45.896
I SAID, \"THAT IS GREAT.
I\'M A COMMIE.\"

00:39:45.896 --> 00:39:47.314
HE SAID,
\"DON\'T SAY THAT SO LOUD.\"

00:39:47.314 --> 00:39:49.942
AND I SAID, \"WELL, YOU ASKED ME
WAS I A COMMUNIST,

00:39:49.942 --> 00:39:51.777
AND YOU\'RE SAYING I AM,
AND I SAID--I\'M AGREE--\"

00:39:51.777 --> 00:39:53.779
HE SAID, \"SHH. HUSH\"

00:39:53.779 --> 00:39:55.489
HE SAID,
\"DON\'T SAY THAT SO LOUD.\"

00:39:55.489 --> 00:39:57.282
HE SAYS, \"I THINK YOU OUGHT
TO GET OUT OF HERE

00:39:57.282 --> 00:39:58.617
AND GO BACK TO WORK,\"
AND I SAID,

00:39:58.617 --> 00:40:00.285
\"WELL, YOU CALLED ME.
WHY DID YOU CALL ME?\"

00:40:00.285 --> 00:40:02.830
HE SAID, \"WELL, NEVER MIND
WHAT I CALLED YOU FOR.

00:40:02.830 --> 00:40:04.289
GO BACK TO WORK.\"

00:40:04.289 --> 00:40:07.626
AND I HAD ALWAYS BEEN
ONE OF THESE INDIVIDUALS

00:40:07.626 --> 00:40:11.964
WHO FELT THAT I COULD HANDLE
MY OWN PROBLEMS MY OWN WAY

00:40:11.964 --> 00:40:13.632
AND DO THINGS MYSELF.

00:40:13.632 --> 00:40:16.552
I DIDN\'T EVER ASK ANYBODY
TO DO ANYTHING

00:40:16.552 --> 00:40:18.303
TO HELP ME OUT IN ANY WAY.

00:40:18.303 --> 00:40:22.224
WELL, WHAT WAS THE RESULTS
OF GOING WITH ALL THOSE PEOPLE

00:40:22.224 --> 00:40:25.853
GOING BEHIND ME
TAUGHT ME ONE THING--

00:40:25.853 --> 00:40:28.188
THAT WHEN A BUNCH OF PEOPLE
COME WITH YOU,

00:40:28.188 --> 00:40:30.941
THAT COULD MAKE A COLONEL SAY,
\"HUSH, GET OUT OF HERE.

00:40:30.941 --> 00:40:33.277
GO BACK TO WORK.\"

00:40:33.277 --> 00:40:35.863
[drum roll]

00:40:35.863 --> 00:40:38.866
[upbeat music]

00:40:38.866 --> 00:40:46.957
♪

00:40:53.505 --> 00:40:56.467
[cheers]

00:40:59.136 --> 00:41:02.222
[cheers and applause]

00:41:02.222 --> 00:41:05.350
[ship\'s horn blasts]

00:41:09.396 --> 00:41:13.692
OH, WHEN WE FINISHED
ONE OF THESE BEAUTIFUL SHIPS,

00:41:13.692 --> 00:41:17.780
AND I REMEMBER THEM, TWO OF THEM
WENT DOWN THE WAY WITHOUT ME.

00:41:17.780 --> 00:41:19.740
ONE OF THEM I RODE DOWN WITH IT.

00:41:19.740 --> 00:41:22.534
IT WAS AN INSPIRING,
THRILLING THING.

00:41:22.534 --> 00:41:24.244
HERE IS SOMETHING YOU HAVE DONE,

00:41:24.244 --> 00:41:26.163
YOU\'VE WORKED ON
AND, ONCE IT WENT DOWN

00:41:26.163 --> 00:41:31.085
INTO THE WATER AND WITHSTOOD
THE TEST OF STAYING AFLOAT,

00:41:31.085 --> 00:41:32.503
I DON\'T KNOW HOW TO DESCRIBE IT.

00:41:32.503 --> 00:41:33.545
IT\'S A THRILL.

00:41:33.545 --> 00:41:35.881
YOUR WHOLE BODY
IS THRILLED FROM IT.

00:41:35.881 --> 00:41:38.050
BECAUSE YOU\'VE DONE SOMETHING
THAT\'S WORTHWHILE.

00:41:38.050 --> 00:41:43.889
- ONE NIGHT CLOSE TO CHRISTMAS,
WE WERE REALLY COLD,

00:41:43.889 --> 00:41:45.891
IN SPITE OF WORKING
WITH THE TORCHES,

00:41:45.891 --> 00:41:48.852
BECAUSE THE WIND WAS BLOWING
THROUGH THE BROKEN WINDOWS.

00:41:48.852 --> 00:41:53.023
WE HAD--WE PUT STUFFED RAGS
INTO THE HOLES,

00:41:53.023 --> 00:41:54.399
BUT IT WAS NO GOOD.

00:41:54.399 --> 00:41:56.443
MY COWORKER,
WHO WAS A BLACK MAN

00:41:56.443 --> 00:41:58.695
FROM THE SOUTH,
AND I WERE DOING

00:41:58.695 --> 00:42:02.741
OUR USUAL TRIP AROUND THE BOMB
CASE WELDING THE SIDES.

00:42:02.741 --> 00:42:04.201
AND THIS PARTICULAR NIGHT

00:42:04.201 --> 00:42:06.745
I THINK I WAS FEELING
A LITTLE LOW ALTOGETHER.

00:42:06.745 --> 00:42:08.872
THE WAR WAS TAKING
A LONG, LONG TIME,

00:42:08.872 --> 00:42:11.875
AND THE MEN WERE AWAY,
NOT FOR A YEAR OR TWO,

00:42:11.875 --> 00:42:14.545
BUT FOR THE DURATION,
WHICH MIGHT MEAN FOREVER.

00:42:14.545 --> 00:42:17.339
AND IT WAS BEGINNING
TO WEAR ON ME.

00:42:17.339 --> 00:42:20.092
AND MY PARTNER AS HE PASSED BY,

00:42:20.092 --> 00:42:21.552
HE RAISED UP HIS GOGGLES

00:42:21.552 --> 00:42:24.513
AND HE REALLY SMILED
INTO MY FACE,

00:42:24.513 --> 00:42:26.306
AND HE SAID TO ME IN YIDDISH...

00:42:26.306 --> 00:42:30.894
[speaks Yiddish]

00:42:30.894 --> 00:42:34.815
AND I LOOKED AT HIM,
AND IT WAS THE SWEETEST THING

00:42:34.815 --> 00:42:36.900
HE COULD HAVE SAID TO ME
AT THAT MOMENT.

00:42:36.900 --> 00:42:40.779
\"WORK MAKES LIFE SWEET.\"

00:42:40.779 --> 00:42:44.491
- EDITH STONER\'S HUSBAND
IS IN ALASKA.

00:42:44.491 --> 00:42:47.494
SHE TOOK THIS JOB
FOR THE DURATION.

00:42:47.494 --> 00:42:50.122
HOW DO YOU LIKE YOUR JOB,
MRS. STONER?

00:42:50.122 --> 00:42:52.166
- I LOVE IT.
- HOW ABOUT AFTER THE WAR?

00:42:52.166 --> 00:42:54.626
ARE YOU GONNA KEEP ON WORKING?
- I SHOULD SAY NOT.

00:42:54.626 --> 00:42:57.129
WHEN MY HUSBAND COMES BACK,
I\'M GONNA BE BUSY AT HOME.

00:42:57.129 --> 00:42:59.006
- GOOD FOR YOU.

00:42:59.006 --> 00:43:02.509
- LEE DUNNEY, WHO NOW WELDS ON
LANDING BARGES.

00:43:02.509 --> 00:43:03.927
LEE, WHAT DID YOU USED TO DO?

00:43:03.927 --> 00:43:06.805
- BELIEVE IT OR NOT,
I WAS A BABY NURSE.

00:43:06.805 --> 00:43:08.640
- WELL, QUITE A CHANGE
TO THIS.

00:43:08.640 --> 00:43:11.143
- YEAH, BUT THE HOURS
ARE MUCH SHORTER.

00:43:11.143 --> 00:43:13.645
- WHAT ABOUT AFTER THIS WAR,
LEE?

00:43:13.645 --> 00:43:16.315
- WELL, THIS JOB BELONGS
TO SOME SOLDIER.

00:43:16.315 --> 00:43:18.817
AND, WHEN HE COMES BACK,
HE CAN HAVE IT.

00:43:18.817 --> 00:43:22.738
- OH, THAT\'S SWELL.

00:43:22.738 --> 00:43:24.656
- CONFIDENT OWNER-PRESIDENT
BILL JACK

00:43:24.656 --> 00:43:28.535
SPURS ON THE TROOPS
HE COMMANDS.

00:43:28.535 --> 00:43:30.037
- THE COMING OF PEACE

00:43:30.037 --> 00:43:33.540
WILL WORK NO UNEMPLOYMENT
HARDSHIPS ON YOU.

00:43:33.540 --> 00:43:36.960
YOU WOMEN HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED

00:43:36.960 --> 00:43:38.712
BECAUSE THE ARMED FORCES

00:43:38.712 --> 00:43:42.966
HAVE CALLED YOUR HUSBANDS,
BROTHERS, OR SONS.

00:43:42.966 --> 00:43:46.678
EACH RETURNING SERVICEMAN
WILL GET HIS JOB BACK

00:43:46.678 --> 00:43:48.847
WHEN THIS WAR IS WON.

00:43:48.847 --> 00:43:51.225
AND YOU WOMEN AND GIRLS

00:43:51.225 --> 00:43:56.396
WILL GO HOME BACK TO BEING
HOUSEWIVES AND MOTHERS AGAIN

00:43:56.396 --> 00:44:00.400
AS YOU PROMISED TO DO
WHEN YOU CAME TO WORK FOR US.

00:44:00.400 --> 00:44:04.029
IF ALL INDUSTRY
WOULD ADOPT SIMPLE POLICY,

00:44:04.029 --> 00:44:08.867
THERE WOULD BE NO SERIOUS
POSTWAR PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT.

00:44:08.867 --> 00:44:12.204
[cheers and applause]

00:44:12.204 --> 00:44:14.498
- ♪ ONWARD, ON TO VICTORY

00:44:14.498 --> 00:44:18.543
♪ WORKING HARD FOR UNCLE SAM

00:44:18.543 --> 00:44:21.421
[upbeat music]

00:44:21.421 --> 00:44:25.300
- TIME MARCHES ON.

00:44:26.510 --> 00:44:30.180
[cheers and applause]

00:44:40.065 --> 00:44:43.068
[Happy Days Are Here Again
plays]

00:44:43.068 --> 00:44:50.867
♪

00:44:50.867 --> 00:44:53.787
[swing music]

00:44:53.787 --> 00:45:01.712
♪

00:45:07.592 --> 00:45:10.804
- IT WAS SOMETHING
YOU REALLY CANNOT IMAGINE.

00:45:10.804 --> 00:45:13.890
I REMEMBER MY MOTHER-IN-LAW
RUNNING DOWN THE STREET,

00:45:13.890 --> 00:45:15.309
AND SHE WAS SAYING
TO THE GROCER,

00:45:15.309 --> 00:45:18.312
\"YOU\'RE NOT GONNA GET
THOSE PRICES FROM US ANYMORE,\"

00:45:18.312 --> 00:45:21.606
BECAUSE DURING THE WAR
PRICES ROSE UNCONSCIONABLY.

00:45:21.606 --> 00:45:24.776
THEY TRIED TO HOLD
A LID ON THEM, BUT OFTEN--

00:45:24.776 --> 00:45:29.031
SHE SAID,
\"NO MORE TWO FOR 5.

00:45:29.031 --> 00:45:31.575
IT\'S GONNA BE FOUR FOR 5.\"

00:45:31.575 --> 00:45:35.245
BUT SHE WAS WRONG.
ANYWAY, THE DAY WAS MARVELOUS.

00:45:35.245 --> 00:45:38.332
- WE WERE GLAD THE WAR WAS OVER,
WE REALLY WERE,

00:45:38.332 --> 00:45:41.460
\'CAUSE, EVEN THOUGH YOU
DIDN\'T HAVE ANYBODY OVER THERE,

00:45:41.460 --> 00:45:42.961
YOU\'RE WORKING
WITH EVERYBODY ELSE

00:45:42.961 --> 00:45:44.588
THAT HAD SOMEBODY OVER THERE.

00:45:44.588 --> 00:45:45.922
AND THEY\'RE SO GLAD,
\'CAUSE, YOU KNOW,

00:45:45.922 --> 00:45:48.258
THEIR HUSBANDS
AND BROTHERS ARE COMING HOME.

00:45:48.258 --> 00:45:51.011
AND SO NATURALLY YOU JUST GET
IN THE SPIRIT OF IT WITH THEM.

00:45:51.011 --> 00:45:52.512
YOU KNOW,
EVERYBODY\'S CELEBRATING.

00:45:52.512 --> 00:45:53.764
- MY HUSBAND WAS HOME.

00:45:53.764 --> 00:45:56.099
HE HAD BEEN SENT HOME
A WEEK BEFORE.

00:45:56.099 --> 00:46:01.021
AND IT WAS SIMPLY--
IT WAS SIMPLY MARVELOUS

00:46:01.021 --> 00:46:04.149
FOR A LOT OF PEOPLE
AND NOT SO MARVELOUS FOR OTHERS

00:46:04.149 --> 00:46:07.736
WHO HAD LOST LOVED ONES.

00:46:07.736 --> 00:46:10.697
BUT THE FEELING OF THE DAY
WAS HAPPY,

00:46:10.697 --> 00:46:13.867
AND, OF COURSE, AT THAT POINT,
WE FELT THAT EVEN THE LOSSES

00:46:13.867 --> 00:46:16.745
HAD BEEN
FOR A VERY, VERY GOOD CAUSE.

00:46:16.745 --> 00:46:19.498
WE HAD TO LOOK AT IT THAT WAY.

00:46:19.498 --> 00:46:22.501
[dramatic fanfare]

00:46:22.501 --> 00:46:27.798
♪

00:46:27.798 --> 00:46:29.841
[upbeat music]

00:46:29.841 --> 00:46:32.052
- NOW HE RETURNS.

00:46:32.052 --> 00:46:34.846
WHAT DOES HE WANT?

00:46:34.846 --> 00:46:37.849
WITH THE SIGHT OF HOME
STILL BEYOND THE HORIZON,

00:46:37.849 --> 00:46:42.020
HE\'S UNDENIABLY THINKING
OF A NUMBER OF THINGS.

00:46:42.020 --> 00:46:45.148
THE LONGEST SLEEP
IN THE SOFTEST FEATHER BED

00:46:45.148 --> 00:46:48.819
THE WORLD HAS EVER KNOWN.

00:46:48.819 --> 00:46:51.029
A PLATOON OF BATHING BEAUTIES,

00:46:51.029 --> 00:46:57.327
WHO ONLY HAVE EYES FOR HIM.

00:46:57.327 --> 00:46:59.871
BUT WHEN THE IDLE DREAM
HAS DRIFTED,

00:46:59.871 --> 00:47:02.999
MOST OF ALL,
THE AVERAGE SOLDIER

00:47:02.999 --> 00:47:07.379
WANTS SIMPLY A JOB.

00:47:07.379 --> 00:47:11.258
HE RETURNS,
ARMED FOR A CIVILIAN FUTURE

00:47:11.258 --> 00:47:15.720
WITH TRAINING AND SKILLS,
ADAPTED TO AN AMAZING VARIETY

00:47:15.720 --> 00:47:18.557
OF CIVILIAN JOBS.

00:47:18.557 --> 00:47:22.811
THIS MAN
AND A THOUSAND-ODD OTHERS OF HIM

00:47:22.811 --> 00:47:25.313
NOW RETURN.

00:47:28.567 --> 00:47:31.403
HE REPRESENTS ONCE AGAIN

00:47:31.403 --> 00:47:33.738
THE BEST OF AMERICA,

00:47:33.738 --> 00:47:38.034
THE MOST CAPABLE POTENTIAL
GROUP OF WORKERS

00:47:38.034 --> 00:47:40.954
THE NATION HAS EVER KNOWN.

00:47:45.542 --> 00:47:47.085
- THE WOMEN WERE LAID OFF FIRST,

00:47:47.085 --> 00:47:51.089
AND THEN THE LESS SENIORED
BLACK MEN WERE LAID OFF NEXT.

00:47:51.089 --> 00:47:54.092
AND THEN LAST BUT NOT--
AS TIME WENT ON,

00:47:54.092 --> 00:47:58.138
FINALLY, MANY OF THE WHITE
WORKERS WERE LAID OFF.

00:47:58.138 --> 00:48:01.057
BUT ORIGINALLY THE FIRST ONES
LAID OFF WAS WOMEN.

00:48:01.057 --> 00:48:04.227
- APPARENTLY THE CONTRACT
FOR THE BOMB CASES

00:48:04.227 --> 00:48:06.438
HAD BEEN FULFILLED,

00:48:06.438 --> 00:48:08.648
AND WE WERE GIVEN NOTICE.

00:48:08.648 --> 00:48:13.445
AND THE JOB WAS OVER.

00:48:13.445 --> 00:48:17.491
- I KNEW THAT THE JOB WOULD
TERMINATE WHEN THE WAR WAS OVER,

00:48:17.491 --> 00:48:20.160
AND THAT\'S WHY I WENT--
I WORKED MY SHIFT, GO ON DOWN

00:48:20.160 --> 00:48:23.163
TO THE WELDING SCHOOL,
AND I TOOK IT ALL.

00:48:23.163 --> 00:48:25.832
YOU SEE, JUST TO BE A WELDER,

00:48:25.832 --> 00:48:28.793
YOU DON\'T HAVE TO TAKE IT ALL,
BUT I TOOK IT ALL,

00:48:28.793 --> 00:48:30.670
THE ACETYLENE,
AND, OH, THERE WAS

00:48:30.670 --> 00:48:32.672
ABOUT THREE OR FOUR DIFFERENT
KINDS OF WELDING.

00:48:32.672 --> 00:48:35.383
AND I WENT TO SCHOOL
AFTER WORK FOR FOUR HOURS

00:48:35.383 --> 00:48:37.886
SO THAT, WHEN I GOT OUT
OF THERE,

00:48:37.886 --> 00:48:39.554
I COULD GET A JOB
OF WELDING

00:48:39.554 --> 00:48:43.016
BECAUSE I REALLY ENJOYED IT
AND I REALLY LIKED IT.

00:48:43.016 --> 00:48:44.309
- I KNOW HOW TO RIVET.

00:48:44.309 --> 00:48:45.769
I KNOW HOW TO WELD.

00:48:45.769 --> 00:48:47.854
I KNOW HOW TO WORK
AN ASSEMBLY LINE.

00:48:47.854 --> 00:48:51.441
I KNOW HOW TO RUN A DOLLY,
YOU KNOW, TO GET PARTS OUT.

00:48:51.441 --> 00:48:54.319
I THOUGHT I HAD SEVERAL SKILLS
THAT WERE, YOU KNOW,

00:48:54.319 --> 00:48:56.321
VERY GOOD AND I WOULDN\'T HAVE
ANY PROBLEMS

00:48:56.321 --> 00:48:58.365
GETTING A JOB ANYWHERE ELSE.

00:48:58.365 --> 00:49:03.203
- WE BELIEVED THAT THE ECONOMY
WAS GOING TO BURGEON.

00:49:03.203 --> 00:49:06.164
IT WOULD BE SPLENDID.
WE WOULD REBUILD THE CITIES.

00:49:06.164 --> 00:49:08.375
WE WOULD DO ALL THESE THINGS
BECAUSE, BEFORE THE WAR,

00:49:08.375 --> 00:49:10.919
WE DIDN\'T HAVE
ALL THESE SKILLED PEOPLE.

00:49:10.919 --> 00:49:14.881
BUT NOW WE HAD--
THE WAR WOULD BE OVER,

00:49:14.881 --> 00:49:18.009
IT WOULD BE TIME TO DO ALL
THE GOOD AND BEAUTIFUL THINGS

00:49:18.009 --> 00:49:21.304
FOR AMERICA
BECAUSE FASCISM WAS DESTROYED.

00:49:21.304 --> 00:49:24.849
[dramatic music]

00:49:24.849 --> 00:49:27.519
- ALL OVER THE COUNTRY
IN THE PAST FEW MONTHS,

00:49:27.519 --> 00:49:29.854
BUSINESSMEN HAVE BEEN
BUCKLING DOWN TO THE WORK

00:49:29.854 --> 00:49:31.690
OF RESEARCH AND PLANNING.

00:49:31.690 --> 00:49:34.025
HOW THE CHANGEOVER
TO PRODUCTION FOR PEACE

00:49:34.025 --> 00:49:37.696
CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED WITHOUT
EVEN A TEMPORARY BREAKDOWN.

00:49:37.696 --> 00:49:39.197
AT THE SAME TIME,

00:49:39.197 --> 00:49:41.324
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
ARE FACED WITH THE TASK

00:49:41.324 --> 00:49:43.868
OF HAVING TO FIND JOBS
FOR RETURNING VETERANS

00:49:43.868 --> 00:49:46.329
WHO ARE NOW BEING DISCHARGED
FROM THE SERVICES

00:49:46.329 --> 00:49:48.373
AT THE RATE OF 70,000
A MONTH.

00:49:48.373 --> 00:49:50.542
- HOW DO YOU DO, MR. WATSON?
- HOW DO YOU DO?

00:49:50.542 --> 00:49:52.043
- I HAVE ALL YOUR PAPERS HERE.

00:49:52.043 --> 00:49:54.212
YOU TAKE THIS SLIP
OVER TO BISHOP\'S.

00:49:54.212 --> 00:49:56.715
THEY NEED A MAN
IN THE TOOL CHECKING ROOM THERE.

00:49:56.715 --> 00:49:59.175
I KNOW YOU\'RE QUALIFIED.

00:49:59.175 --> 00:50:01.219
AND YOU\'RE FIRST.
- WELL, THANKS A LOT.

00:50:01.219 --> 00:50:03.763
- INFORMED INDUSTRIALISTS
BELIEVE THAT,

00:50:03.763 --> 00:50:05.599
WITH THE COMING OF PEACE,

00:50:05.599 --> 00:50:07.892
THERE WILL BE A MARKET
FOR ALL THEY CAN PRODUCE,

00:50:07.892 --> 00:50:11.187
NOT ONLY IN THE UNITED STATES,
BUT ABROAD.

00:50:11.187 --> 00:50:14.065
AND, PERHAPS MORE IMPORTANT,
THOSE UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS

00:50:14.065 --> 00:50:15.525
OF ASIA AND AFRICA,

00:50:15.525 --> 00:50:17.861
TO WHOSE PEOPLE WAR HAS BROUGHT
NEW GLIMPSES

00:50:17.861 --> 00:50:19.904
OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL
CIVILIZATION.

00:50:19.904 --> 00:50:21.740
FROM THESE LANDS

00:50:21.740 --> 00:50:24.117
CAN COME RAW MATERIALS
AMERICAN INDUSTRIES

00:50:24.117 --> 00:50:26.202
ALREADY CONSUME
IN VAST QUANTITIES.

00:50:26.202 --> 00:50:28.913
ALL SURVEYS HAVE REVEALED

00:50:28.913 --> 00:50:31.291
AN IMMENSE DEMAND
AMONG THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

00:50:31.291 --> 00:50:32.709
FOR CONSUMERS\' GOODS.

00:50:32.709 --> 00:50:34.669
- THE FIRST THING
I\'M GOING TO DO AFTER THE WAR

00:50:34.669 --> 00:50:38.423
IS GET A VACUUM CLEANER
AND A MAID TO RUN IT.

00:50:38.423 --> 00:50:41.301
- MILLIONS OF AMERICANS,
THE SURVEYS SHOW,

00:50:41.301 --> 00:50:44.054
ARE WAITING FOR A CHANCE
TO BUY THE NEW PRODUCTS

00:50:44.054 --> 00:50:46.765
AND NEW GADGETS THEY HAVE BEEN
TOLD WILL MAKE LIFE EASIER

00:50:46.765 --> 00:50:50.769
AND PLEASANTER.

00:50:50.769 --> 00:50:53.938
TODAY INDUSTRIALISTS ARE
RESOLVED THAT ALL EMPLOYABLE

00:50:53.938 --> 00:50:55.649
MEN AND WOMEN,

00:50:55.649 --> 00:50:57.150
ALL HOMECOMING VETERANS,

00:50:57.150 --> 00:50:59.819
SHALL FIND THE POSTWAR JOBS

00:50:59.819 --> 00:51:02.322
THAT WILL SECURE FOR THEM
THEIR SELF-RESPECT,

00:51:02.322 --> 00:51:07.952
THEIR LIVING,
AND THEIR NATION\'S FUTURE.

00:51:07.952 --> 00:51:09.412
- THEY WANTED TO PUT
THE WOMEN IN SEWING,

00:51:09.412 --> 00:51:12.040
BECAUSE, IN SPECIFYING
THAT THEY HAD TO USE

00:51:12.040 --> 00:51:14.542
THESE SEWING POWER MACHINES,

00:51:14.542 --> 00:51:16.753
THEY KNEW A LOT OF WOMEN
DIDN\'T KNOW HOW TO USE THEM.

00:51:16.753 --> 00:51:19.798
AND THEY JUST GIVE YOU
YOUR MATERIAL AND SAY,

00:51:19.798 --> 00:51:21.591
\"THIS IS WHAT I WANT YOU TO DO,\"

00:51:21.591 --> 00:51:23.426
AND THEY COME BACK
IN A FEW MINUTES,

00:51:23.426 --> 00:51:24.678
AND, \"THIS IS ALL YOU GOT DONE?\"

00:51:24.678 --> 00:51:27.972
MAYBE YOU FINALLY MANAGED
TO SEE WHAT GOES WHERE

00:51:27.972 --> 00:51:30.141
AND MAYBE DO IT A LITTLE BIT,
AND THEN THEY--RIGHT AWAY

00:51:30.141 --> 00:51:32.644
THEY\'LL DISQUALIFY YOU,
\'CAUSE, WELL,

00:51:32.644 --> 00:51:34.145
\"YOU\'LL HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL WE
GET SOMETHING YOU CAN DO,

00:51:34.145 --> 00:51:36.022
\'CAUSE YOU CAN\'T DO THIS.\"

00:51:36.022 --> 00:51:38.066
- THERE WAS AN AD IN THE PAPER,
AND I HEARD TOO

00:51:38.066 --> 00:51:40.985
THAT THEY WERE NEEDING WELDERS
AT MARE ISLAND.

00:51:40.985 --> 00:51:43.488
SO I TOOK MY CARD
AND ALL MY CREDENTIALS

00:51:43.488 --> 00:51:44.948
AND EVERYTHING,
AND I WENT OUT THERE,

00:51:44.948 --> 00:51:46.574
AND I LAID MY PAPERS
ON THE DESK,

00:51:46.574 --> 00:51:50.328
AND HE LOOKED AT \'EM,
AND HE SAID, \"ALL RIGHT.\"

00:51:50.328 --> 00:51:52.288
HE SAID, \"IF YOU WAS A MAN,
WE\'D HIRE YOU,

00:51:52.288 --> 00:51:54.332
BUT WE CAN\'T HIRE YOU.
YOU\'RE A WOMAN.\"

00:51:54.332 --> 00:51:56.167
- THE BIGGEST THING I FELT

00:51:56.167 --> 00:51:58.628
WAS THE FACT THAT NOW
I HAD JUST TO GO BACK

00:51:58.628 --> 00:52:01.256
TO THE FIELD OF SEARCHING
FOR ANOTHER JOB

00:52:01.256 --> 00:52:02.841
TO MAKE A LIVING

00:52:02.841 --> 00:52:05.593
WITH NO INCOME,
NO NOTHING COMING IN,

00:52:05.593 --> 00:52:08.138
AND YOU\'RE WALKING THE STREET,
GOING FROM PLACE TO PLACE

00:52:08.138 --> 00:52:09.681
LOOKING FOR A JOB.

00:52:09.681 --> 00:52:13.143
IT WASN\'T LIKE A DANCE
IN AN OPERA.

00:52:13.143 --> 00:52:16.896
THE MEN CAME HOME BEAT UP.
THE MEN CAME HOME WITH PROBLEMS.

00:52:16.896 --> 00:52:19.649
THEY GAVE THEM FREE ADS
IN THE NEWSPAPERS

00:52:19.649 --> 00:52:22.360
LOOKING FOR JOBS.
IT WAS PATHETIC.

00:52:22.360 --> 00:52:25.071
AND WE WERE NO LONGER
COMRADES IN ARMS.

00:52:25.071 --> 00:52:27.365
WE WERE COMPETITORS
FOR WHAT LITTLE THERE WAS.

00:52:27.365 --> 00:52:31.035
IT WAS A VERY SHARP CONTRAST
INDEED,

00:52:31.035 --> 00:52:32.912
BECAUSE THERE WAS
A LOT OF MONEY AROUND,

00:52:32.912 --> 00:52:35.039
BUT IT WASN\'T IN OUR POCKETS.

00:52:35.039 --> 00:52:38.501
I SORT OF WENT
TO A FEW PLACES,

00:52:38.501 --> 00:52:40.879
WALKED AROUND,
LOOKED UP NAMES,

00:52:40.879 --> 00:52:45.049
WENT TO THE STATE EMPLOYMENT
AGENCY,

00:52:45.049 --> 00:52:47.385
BUT THERE WERE NO WELDING JOBS.

00:52:47.385 --> 00:52:50.054
AND THEN I STARTED TO WALK
AROUND MY OWN NEIGHBORHOOD

00:52:50.054 --> 00:52:52.682
IN BROOKLYN,
AND I WENT INTO ONE PLACE

00:52:52.682 --> 00:52:56.144
WHERE THEY USED TO DO
ORNAMENTAL IRONWORK,

00:52:56.144 --> 00:52:58.730
AND I GUESS
THEY HAD WAR CONTRACTS,

00:52:58.730 --> 00:53:01.483
AND I THOUGHT, WELL, MAYBE THIS
WAS A NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINESS,

00:53:01.483 --> 00:53:04.736
IT WAS GONNA CONTINUE, BUT THEY
REALLY JUST LAUGHED AT ME.

00:53:04.736 --> 00:53:07.781
IT WAS THE SAME OLD THING.

00:53:07.781 --> 00:53:10.784
IT WAS JUST, YOU KNOW,
BEING A WOMAN,

00:53:10.784 --> 00:53:13.787
IT WAS OVER FOR US, YES.

00:53:18.082 --> 00:53:20.210
- THE FAMILY WAS SOLIDLY FOUNDED
ON THE FATHER

00:53:20.210 --> 00:53:22.253
AS PATRIARCH AND BREADWINNER

00:53:22.253 --> 00:53:24.631
AND ON THE MOTHER AS COOK,
HOUSEKEEPER,

00:53:24.631 --> 00:53:27.467
AND NURSE OF THE CHILDREN.

00:53:27.467 --> 00:53:29.552
ONE OF THE TRENDS
OF MODERN LIFE

00:53:29.552 --> 00:53:31.429
WHICH HAS BEEN CITED
AS MOST DISRUPTIVE

00:53:31.429 --> 00:53:37.060
OF MARRIAGE IS THE INCREASING
ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE OF WOMEN.

00:53:37.060 --> 00:53:40.605
TODAY U.S. INDUSTRY IS EMPLOYING
HUNDREDS OF WOMEN WHO,

00:53:40.605 --> 00:53:42.148
BEFORE THE WAR,
WERE HOMEMAKERS

00:53:42.148 --> 00:53:44.400
DEVOTING THEIR FULL TIME
TO THEIR FAMILIES

00:53:44.400 --> 00:53:47.111
AND THEIR FAMILY
RESPONSIBILITIES.

00:53:47.111 --> 00:53:49.781
EVERYWHERE, CHILDREN OF WORKING
PARENTS ARE BEING LEFT

00:53:49.781 --> 00:53:54.327
WITHOUT ADEQUATE SUPERVISION
OR RESTRAINT.

00:53:58.164 --> 00:54:00.458
TODAY THE WOMAN
WITH THE POSITION IN BUSINESS

00:54:00.458 --> 00:54:04.504
EQUAL TO A SUCCESSFUL MAN\'S
IS ECONOMICALLY ABLE

00:54:04.504 --> 00:54:06.756
TO TERMINATE HER MARRIAGE
IF SHE IS SO MINDED

00:54:06.756 --> 00:54:09.884
SINCE SHE IS
HER OWN BREADWINNER.

00:54:09.884 --> 00:54:12.971
BUT ARE SUCH WOMEN
REALLY BETTER OFF?

00:54:12.971 --> 00:54:17.141
STRONGLY AGAINST CAREERS FOR
WOMEN IS DR. MARYNIA FARNHAM,

00:54:17.141 --> 00:54:18.768
NOTED PHYSICIAN AND COAUTHOR

00:54:18.768 --> 00:54:22.522
OF THE BESTSELLER
MODERN WOMAN: THE LOST SEX.

00:54:22.522 --> 00:54:24.607
- CATASTROPHIC SOCIAL FORCES

00:54:24.607 --> 00:54:26.651
HAVE PROPELLED AMERICAN WOMEN

00:54:26.651 --> 00:54:30.113
AWAY FROM FEMININITY
AND INTO CAREERS

00:54:30.113 --> 00:54:33.491
AT TERRIFIC COST
TO THEMSELVES AND SOCIETY.

00:54:33.491 --> 00:54:35.743
ABANDONING THEIR FEMININE ROLE

00:54:35.743 --> 00:54:39.789
HAS MADE WOMEN UNHAPPY BECAUSE
IT HAS MADE THEM FRUSTRATED.

00:54:39.789 --> 00:54:41.499
IT HAS MADE CHILDREN UNHAPPY

00:54:41.499 --> 00:54:44.127
BECAUSE THEY DO NOT HAVE
MATERNAL LOVE,

00:54:44.127 --> 00:54:46.004
AND IT HAS MADE
THEIR HUSBANDS UNHAPPY

00:54:46.004 --> 00:54:49.340
BECAUSE THEY DO NOT HAVE
REAL WOMEN AS PARTNERS.

00:54:49.340 --> 00:54:53.887
INSTEAD, THEIR WIVES
HAVE BECOME THEIR RIVALS.

00:54:53.887 --> 00:54:56.180
- THEY HAD SOLD US
A BILL OF GOODS.

00:54:56.180 --> 00:54:57.974
THEY HAVE TRAINED US.

00:54:57.974 --> 00:55:01.728
WE DID WHAT WE HAD
REALLY BEEN SET OUT TO DO.

00:55:01.728 --> 00:55:03.146
AND EVERYTHING ELSE
WAS SOMETHING

00:55:03.146 --> 00:55:07.066
THAT WE HAD WISHED TO DO.
THERE WERE NO PLANS...

00:55:07.066 --> 00:55:09.652
WHEREVER THESE PLANS ARE MADE,
TO KEEP US.

00:55:09.652 --> 00:55:12.155
AND THIS WAS VERY CLEAR
TO ME BY THEN.

00:55:12.155 --> 00:55:14.699
SO I JUST TOOK MY NEXT STEP

00:55:14.699 --> 00:55:17.201
BECAUSE I WAS A WORKING PERSON.

00:55:17.201 --> 00:55:19.203
NOT ONLY A WELDER,
I WAS A WORKING PERSON,

00:55:19.203 --> 00:55:22.332
SOMEONE WHO HAD TO KEEP WORKING.

00:55:22.332 --> 00:55:24.667
- YOU HAVE A LOT
OF RESPONSIBILITIES,

00:55:24.667 --> 00:55:28.338
ESPECIALLY A WIDOW WOMAN,
A LONE WOMAN.

00:55:28.338 --> 00:55:31.549
MY CHILDREN
HAD TO BE TAKEN CARE OF.

00:55:31.549 --> 00:55:33.718
AND I\'D BOUGHT A LITTLE HOME.

00:55:33.718 --> 00:55:36.095
IT HAD TO BE PAID FOR.

00:55:36.095 --> 00:55:39.390
I HAD TO GET A JOB
SOMEWHERE, SOMEHOW.

00:55:39.390 --> 00:55:42.310
I KNEW THAT.

00:55:42.310 --> 00:55:44.854
SO THAT\'S WHAT I WAS THINKING
ABOUT WHEN I LEFT THERE.

00:55:44.854 --> 00:55:48.524
I GOT A JOB IN A RESTAURANT
WORKING IN THE KITCHEN.

00:55:48.524 --> 00:55:51.861
HOT, HARD WORK.
HEAVY LIFTING.

00:55:51.861 --> 00:55:53.571
IT WAS A LOT HARDER
THAN WORKING IN THE SHIPYARD

00:55:53.571 --> 00:55:56.741
AND A LOT LESS PAY.

00:55:56.741 --> 00:55:59.243
I WORKED THERE 17 YEARS
IN THAT BIG KITCHEN,

00:55:59.243 --> 00:56:03.915
17 YEARS TO THE DAY.

00:56:03.915 --> 00:56:05.708
- I HAD A DAUGHTER
I HAD TO FEED.

00:56:05.708 --> 00:56:07.919
SO AFTER I COULDN\'T GET
THESE OTHER JOBS,

00:56:07.919 --> 00:56:11.923
WELL, THEN I HAD TO FALL BACK
ON THE ONLY OTHER THING I KNEW,

00:56:11.923 --> 00:56:13.758
AND THAT WAS DOING
DOMESTIC WORK,

00:56:13.758 --> 00:56:18.471
AND IT WAS A VERY DEFEATING
THING FOR ME, VERY.

00:56:18.471 --> 00:56:23.226
- I GOT A JOB
IN COSGRAVE\'S DEPARTMENT STORE

00:56:23.226 --> 00:56:25.186
WORKING AS A STOCK GIRL.

00:56:25.186 --> 00:56:27.313
WELL, THEY HAD BLACK PEOPLE
WORKING IN THE STORES,

00:56:27.313 --> 00:56:29.607
BUT THEY ALL WORKED
BEHIND THE SCENES,

00:56:29.607 --> 00:56:31.442
IN THE TOILETS AS MAIDS,

00:56:31.442 --> 00:56:36.781
IN THE STOCKROOMS
AS HANGING UP STOCK

00:56:36.781 --> 00:56:38.199
AND KEEPING THE STOCK
IN ORDER,

00:56:38.199 --> 00:56:39.450
PRESSING AND THINGS LIKE THAT.

00:56:39.450 --> 00:56:41.285
NO, THEY DIDN\'T EVEN HAVE
PRESSERS.

00:56:41.285 --> 00:56:42.829
- SO I WENT TO THE AIRPORT

00:56:42.829 --> 00:56:45.665
AND GOT A JOB OUT THERE

00:56:45.665 --> 00:56:48.584
RIGHT BACK IN THE CAFETERIA.

00:56:48.584 --> 00:56:50.086
AND I COULD ALWAYS GET
THESE JOBS,

00:56:50.086 --> 00:56:51.295
EVEN THOUGH I DIDN\'T WANT \'EM,

00:56:51.295 --> 00:56:54.757
BUT ANY TIME
THERE\'S A RESTAURANT JOB

00:56:54.757 --> 00:56:58.302
OR A DISHWASHING JOB
OR COOKING JOB,

00:56:58.302 --> 00:57:00.596
I ALWAYS FELT LIKE BLACKS
COULD ALWAYS GET THOSE,

00:57:00.596 --> 00:57:02.432
\'CAUSE THEY SAVE
THOSE JOBS FOR US.

00:57:02.432 --> 00:57:04.809
- I DID MIMEOGRAPHING,

00:57:04.809 --> 00:57:07.979
AND THEN THEY TOOK IN A NEW
MACHINE CALLED DEXIGRAPHING,

00:57:07.979 --> 00:57:09.313
AND THAT WAS
SORT OF INTERESTING.

00:57:09.313 --> 00:57:11.524
THEY TAUGHT ME DARKROOM WORK.

00:57:11.524 --> 00:57:14.527
I LIKED WELDING BETTER
BECAUSE IT WAS A SPECIAL THING.

00:57:14.527 --> 00:57:16.696
AS I SAID,
AT THE END OF THE DAY,

00:57:16.696 --> 00:57:19.490
I ALWAYS FELT
I ACCOMPLISHED SOMETHING.

00:57:19.490 --> 00:57:20.867
IT WAS GOOD.
THERE WAS A PRODUCT.

00:57:20.867 --> 00:57:23.619
THERE WAS SOMETHING TO BE SEEN.

00:57:23.619 --> 00:57:25.663
IT COULD HAVE BEEN--IT WOULD
HAVE BEEN THE SAME WAY--

00:57:25.663 --> 00:57:28.666
WOULD HAVE BEEN BETTER
IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR THE WAR.

00:57:28.666 --> 00:57:31.044
ALL I REALLY WANTED
WAS ONE DAY TO MAKE

00:57:31.044 --> 00:57:34.297
A VERY BEAUTIFUL
ORNAMENTAL GATE.

00:57:34.297 --> 00:57:36.424
THAT WAS SOMETHING
I WANTED TO DO.

00:57:36.424 --> 00:57:38.342
I STILL THINK OF IT--ABOUT IT.

00:57:38.342 --> 00:57:39.844
WHEN I PASS A BEAUTIFUL GATE,
I SAY,

00:57:39.844 --> 00:57:42.346
\"WAS THAT SO MUCH TO WANT?\"

00:57:42.346 --> 00:57:45.349
[dramatic music]

00:57:45.349 --> 00:57:47.226
♪

00:57:47.226 --> 00:57:50.313
- IN THE PAST YEAR, AN ESTIMATED
1 1/4 MILLION NEW FAMILIES

00:57:50.313 --> 00:57:52.815
AND HOUSEHOLDS WERE ESTABLISHED.

00:57:52.815 --> 00:57:55.359
TO THESE AND OTHER FAMILIES,

00:57:55.359 --> 00:57:58.362
ALMOST 4 MILLION BABIES
WERE BORN LAST YEAR,

00:57:58.362 --> 00:58:00.865
REPRESENTING A RISE
OF MORE THAN 50%

00:58:00.865 --> 00:58:04.035
IN THE U.S. BIRTHRATE
OVER THAT OF PREWAR YEARS,

00:58:04.035 --> 00:58:08.331
FOR MARRIAGE AND THE FOUNDING
OF A FAMILY HOLD OUT TODAY

00:58:08.331 --> 00:58:10.875
AS THEY ALWAYS HAVE
A GREATER PROMISE

00:58:10.875 --> 00:58:14.879
OF SELF-REALIZATION
THAN ANY OTHER COURSE IN LIFE.

00:58:14.879 --> 00:58:18.049
- OH, YES, YES,
EVERYBODY WAS HAVING BABIES.

00:58:18.049 --> 00:58:20.218
I MEAN, AFTER THE WAR,
MY GOD.

00:58:20.218 --> 00:58:21.886
IT WAS LIKE A DELUGE OF BABIES.

00:58:21.886 --> 00:58:24.013
WHEN I WENT TO HAVE
MY FIRST BABY,

00:58:24.013 --> 00:58:25.890
THERE WASN\'T EVEN ROOM.

00:58:25.890 --> 00:58:29.227
PEOPLE WERE HAVING--
WERE DOING LABOR IN THE HALLS.

00:58:29.227 --> 00:58:31.854
I MEAN, IT WAS REALLY--
IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE.

00:58:31.854 --> 00:58:33.731
OH, YES, EVERYBODY,

00:58:33.731 --> 00:58:36.234
EVERYBODY AND HER SISTER
WAS HAVING A BABY.

00:58:36.234 --> 00:58:41.239
- THE ARTICLES IN THE MAGAZINES
CHANGED.

00:58:41.239 --> 00:58:43.741
THEY STARTED TELLING YOU
HOW TO COOK THINGS

00:58:43.741 --> 00:58:45.576
THAT TOOK A LONG TIME,
YOU KNOW.

00:58:45.576 --> 00:58:47.245
DURING THE WAR,
THEY WAS TELLING YOU

00:58:47.245 --> 00:58:49.705
HOW TO COOK DISHES
THAT YOU COULD COOK QUICK

00:58:49.705 --> 00:58:50.957
AND GET ON TO WORK.

00:58:50.957 --> 00:58:53.042
NOW THEY WERE TELLING YOU
HOW TO COOK DISHES

00:58:53.042 --> 00:58:55.962
THAT TOOK A FULL DAY.

00:58:57.964 --> 00:59:00.091
THERE WERE MORE ARTICLES
IN THERE

00:59:00.091 --> 00:59:02.218
ABOUT RAISING YOUR CHILDREN

00:59:02.218 --> 00:59:04.595
AND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT

00:59:04.595 --> 00:59:05.805
OF YOUR CHILDREN.

00:59:05.805 --> 00:59:07.014
THEY NEVER MENTIONED THAT,
YOU KNOW,

00:59:07.014 --> 00:59:10.601
ANY PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
BEFORE THE WAR.

00:59:13.396 --> 00:59:17.859
THE MOVIES CHANGED TO ROMANTIC,
KIND OF MACHO WARS.

00:59:17.859 --> 00:59:19.861
THE MAN WAS BACK HOME.

00:59:19.861 --> 00:59:22.196
AND THE WOMAN WAS SUBMISSIVE,

00:59:22.196 --> 00:59:23.865
AND THE MAN WAS MACHO.

00:59:23.865 --> 00:59:25.908
BEFORE, BOTH OF THEM
WAS MACHO.

00:59:25.908 --> 00:59:28.619
THE NURSE WAS DYING
WITH THE SOLDIER IN THE FIELD.

00:59:28.619 --> 00:59:32.582
NOW IT WAS A WHOLE DIFFERENT--
A WHOLE DIFFERENT TACT

00:59:32.582 --> 00:59:34.959
AND A WHOLE DIFFERENT KIND
OF PROPAGANDA

00:59:34.959 --> 00:59:38.629
TO LET WOMEN KNOW
WHAT THEY SHOULD BE DOING.

00:59:38.629 --> 00:59:42.258
- I KNOW THAT LOTS OF THE WOMEN
WHO WENT TO TRAINING WITH ME

00:59:42.258 --> 00:59:43.676
AND WHO WORKED WITH ME

00:59:43.676 --> 00:59:46.429
BELIEVED THAT WE WERE
THE NEW WOMAN.

00:59:46.429 --> 00:59:47.722
WE BELIEVED IT.

00:59:47.722 --> 00:59:50.433
I THINK TO AMERICA AT LARGE,

00:59:50.433 --> 00:59:52.143
WHILE THEY MAY HAVE KNOWN

00:59:52.143 --> 00:59:54.979
WHAT OUR CONTRIBUTION WAS

00:59:54.979 --> 00:59:56.439
TO THE PRODUCTION
OF THIS COUNTRY,

00:59:56.439 --> 01:00:00.985
WE WERE LARGELY A JOKE,
A BIG JOKE,

01:00:00.985 --> 01:00:05.823
A SHAPELY GIRL WITH A HOT SIGN
ON HER PANTS,

01:00:05.823 --> 01:00:08.993
A GIRL WHO WAS QUIVERING
FOR HER MAN TO COME HOME

01:00:08.993 --> 01:00:10.786
AND GO BACK TO THE KITCHEN.

01:00:10.786 --> 01:00:13.331
THAT\'S EXACTLY THE PICTURE

01:00:13.331 --> 01:00:14.832
THAT WAS GIVEN,
AND I THINK

01:00:14.832 --> 01:00:16.709
THAT THEY PREPARE WOMEN
PSYCHOLOGICALLY

01:00:16.709 --> 01:00:19.295
FOR WHATEVER ROLE
THE SOCIETY FEELS

01:00:19.295 --> 01:00:22.006
AT THAT PARTICULAR POINT

01:00:22.006 --> 01:00:24.634
THEY WANT HER TO PLAY.

01:00:24.634 --> 01:00:26.344
AFTER LOSING SO MANY MEN,

01:00:26.344 --> 01:00:29.847
AMERICA WANTED BABIES.

01:00:29.847 --> 01:00:32.516
AND WE WANTED BABIES.
IT\'S OKAY.

01:00:32.516 --> 01:00:34.977
BUT WE GAVE UP EVERYTHING
FOR THAT.

01:00:34.977 --> 01:00:36.520
WE GAVE UP EVERYTHING.

01:00:36.520 --> 01:00:39.523
[mellow big band music]

01:00:39.523 --> 01:00:47.323
♪

01:01:11.222 --> 01:01:16.060
- WE WERE REALLY A REALLY
SMART-LOOKING GROUP OF LADIES,

01:01:16.060 --> 01:01:19.605
AND WE ALL LOVED ONE ANOTHER.

01:01:19.605 --> 01:01:23.067
AND I HOPE FOR THAT FEELING
IN THIS COUNTRY AGAIN,

01:01:23.067 --> 01:01:25.403
BUT NOT FOR A WAR.

01:01:31.784 --> 01:01:34.787
[Rosie the Riveter]

01:01:34.787 --> 01:01:37.790
[upbeat scatting]

01:01:37.790 --> 01:01:39.583
♪

01:01:39.583 --> 01:01:43.587
- ♪ WHILE OTHER GIRLS ATTEND
THEIR FAVORITE COCKTAIL BAR ♪

01:01:43.587 --> 01:01:47.383
♪ SIPPING DRY MARTINIS,
MUNCHING CAVIAR ♪

01:01:47.383 --> 01:01:51.595
♪ THERE\'S A GIRL WHO\'S REALLY
PUTTING THEM TO SHAME ♪

01:01:51.595 --> 01:01:54.974
♪ ROSIE IS HER NAME

01:01:54.974 --> 01:01:58.728
♪ ALL THE DAY LONG,
WHETHER RAIN OR SHINE ♪

01:01:58.728 --> 01:02:02.732
♪ SHE\'S A PART
OF THE ASSEMBLY LINE ♪

01:02:02.732 --> 01:02:06.777
♪ SHE\'S MAKING HISTORY,
WORKING FOR VICTORY ♪

01:02:06.777 --> 01:02:10.823
♪ ROSIE, RRRRR,
THE RIVETER ♪

01:02:10.823 --> 01:02:14.201
♪ KEEPS A SHARP LOOKOUT
FOR SABOTAGE ♪

01:02:14.201 --> 01:02:17.913
♪ SITTING UP THERE
ON THE FUSELAGE ♪

01:02:17.913 --> 01:02:21.959
♪ THAT LITTLE FRAIL CAN DO
MORE THAN A MALE CAN DO ♪

01:02:21.959 --> 01:02:25.796
♪ ROSIE, RRRRR, THE RIVETER

01:02:25.796 --> 01:02:29.425
♪ ROSIE\'S GOT A BOYFRIEND,
CHARLIE ♪

01:02:29.425 --> 01:02:32.970
♪ CHARLIE, HE\'S A MARINE

01:02:32.970 --> 01:02:36.974
♪ ROSIE IS PROTECTING CHARLIE

01:02:36.974 --> 01:02:41.020
♪ WORKING OVERTIME
ON THE RIVETING MACHINE ♪

01:02:41.020 --> 01:02:44.815
♪ WHEN THEY GAVE HER
A PRODUCTION E ♪

01:02:44.815 --> 01:02:48.444
♪ SHE WAS AS PROUD
AS A GIRL COULD BE ♪

01:02:48.444 --> 01:02:52.573
♪ THERE\'S SOMETHING TRUE ABOUT,
RED, WHITE, AND BLUE ABOUT ♪

01:02:52.573 --> 01:02:56.660
♪ ROSIE, RRRRR, THE RIVETER

01:02:56.660 --> 01:03:00.373
♪ EVERYONE STOPS
TO ADMIRE THE SCENE ♪

01:03:00.373 --> 01:03:04.001
♪ ROSIE AT WORK ON THE B-19

01:03:04.001 --> 01:03:08.130
- ♪ SHE\'S NEVER TWITTERY,
NERVOUS OR JITTERY ♪

01:03:08.130 --> 01:03:11.967
- ♪ ROSIE, ROSIE,
THE RIVETER ♪

01:03:11.967 --> 01:03:19.892
♪