WEBVTT

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[suspenseful music]

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♪ ♪

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- If you\'re white, you\'re right.

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If you\'re black, stay back.

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- But I don\'t think the majority

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know how to live like the white
people.

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- Well, like I said, there\'s a
place for them.

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They have their own place. They
could stay there.

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- In Chicago, we have no ghetto

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and we have no Negro ghetto.

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- Chicago has the largest
concentration

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of Negroes in an urban ghetto

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of any major city in the United
States.

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- The biggest and most serious
problem

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confronting the city of Chicago
is her race problem.

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- Do you think we\'re going to
have racial warfare?

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- I certainly see that coming.

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♪ ♪

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- We need to teach the police,

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we are citizen and that we
deserve the same respect.

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- People are learning to
struggle together.

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People are learning to fight
together.

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- If you say I\'m black and I
hate white people,

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I\'m white and I hate black
people,

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I\'m Latin American and I hate
hillbillies,

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I\'m hillbilly and I hate
Indians.

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So we\'re fighting amongst each
other.

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We\'re gonna fight racism not
with racism,

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but we\'re gonna fight it with
solidarity.

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♪ ♪

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[train wheels squeaking]

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[wind howling]

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- When I was young, I did
everything

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all the other gang members did

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and I would get into a lot of
trouble...

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a rough kid.

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[suspenseful ambient music]

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♪ ♪

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I was in the house of
correction, in the hole.

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Martin Luther King gets killed

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and the rioters are coming into
the jail en masse.

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♪ ♪

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And at the same time,

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I\'m hearing about the Black
Panther Party

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on the loudspeaker on the radio.

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- We\'re gonna defend ourselves
rightfully

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with guns and bullets!

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- I said that\'s what we need
to do,

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like the Black Panthers, in the
Puerto Rican community.

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♪ ♪

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[train clattering]

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♪ ♪

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♪ ♪

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- People call me Bobby Lee, Bob
Lee,

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but my birth name is Robert E.
Lee, Jr. III.

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♪ ♪

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In the black community,

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it\'s like naming a Jewish kid
Adolf Hitler.

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You gonna have a lot of fights.

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I was born in Houston, Fifth
Ward.

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You were told how not to stare
at white people.

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Get off and get over

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when you saw them coming down
the street.

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You were aware that when you
left home,

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you left your community,

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you could be killed, you can be
beaten.

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♪ ♪

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Arrived in Chicago,

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no, Chicago was no different.

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It was segregated.

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♪ ♪

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[trains creaking]

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[insects chirping]

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I\'m from a small town in
Tennessee, eastern Tennessee.

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And people ask me

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why I got into the
revolutionary politics

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and it\'s because of poverty.

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♪ ♪

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I started to work in the field
with my family

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when I was about three years
old.

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♪ ♪

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We were very poor.

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We would pool our money together

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and that\'s how we would eat in
the evening.

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So I came when I was 17 years
old...

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Looking for a better job,

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a better life... into the uptown
community.

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♪ ♪

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- Chicago was a really
important migrant destination.

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It was attracting a lot of
Southern African-Americans,

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Southern whites, and Puerto
Ricans from the island.

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There was this perception that

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there were really good wages to
be had in Chicago.

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They were encountering a white
ethnic population

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that had already been settled
there for many decades.

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♪ ♪

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- We were from Puerto Rico

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and we settled in the northern
part of downtown.

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♪ ♪

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[train rattling]

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Lincoln Park became about 40%
Latino.

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[surf rock music]

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Everybody was neighbors,
everybody was family.

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[suspenseful music]

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If you were Puerto Rican

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and you went into an Italian
or Irish neighborhood,

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you can get killed

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So there were certain boundaries
that we knew,

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the whole community knew, that
they couldn\'t go there.

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\"We don\'t allow Puerto Ricans
in this restaurant.\"

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\"You can\'t be in this beach.\"

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The Young Lords, that\'s how we
began fighting for our people.

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A nationality gang.

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And the Young Lords went
looking for the fight.

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We went to Benny\'s Pizzeria
and demanded to be served.

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Or going to the beach

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and cracking open heads with
beer bottles,

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just so that we can go to the
beach.

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[dramatic music]

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And then there was \"West Side
Story,\"

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the first movie about Puerto
Ricans.

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And so all the Young Lords
went to the Biograph Theater,

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and that\'s where we got our
colors,

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the Puerto Rican gang in the
movie.

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Everybody went and used red dye

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and dyed their shirts purple,
and that became our colors.

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[suspenseful ambient music]

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♪ ♪

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- When I went to Chicago,

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I noticed everything was
segregated;

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everybody was with their own
kind.

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You didn\'t go into their
community,

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they don\'t come into your
community.

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♪ ♪

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And that\'s the way it was in
uptown

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because it was Southern white.

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- ♪ This old world that\'s so
hard to understand ♪

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- Well, the uptown area was a
slum.

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It was, you know, a ghetto.

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- ♪ You love so ♪

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♪ But it\'s wonderful to know
when you leave ♪

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[solemn orchestral music]

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- A series of articles came out

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classifying us as a very
dangerous population.

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We were incestuous,

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we were violent, ignorant
racists.

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And that was the first time

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I\'d ever been called white trash

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was when I came to Chicago.

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♪ ♪

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Initially we had gotten
together a street gang,

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young guys who were hustling
like anybody.

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You cannot get a job.

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I had to go in and literally
sell blood

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just to survive.

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All: ♪ I\'m working on the
building ♪

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- Students for a Democratic
Society

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came into the community

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and they formed JOIN, Jobs or
Income Now.

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They were talking about the
civil rights movement.

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We started getting a political
ideology.

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- Trying to help the people in
the neighborhood

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with the landlords.

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It sounded better to me

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than what I was doing.

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I mean, I wasn\'t doing nothing.

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I was a kid running the street.

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[suspenseful ambient music]

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♪ ♪

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- I want to show you what has
happened to the neighborhoods

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surrounding the Negro community.

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This is the Negro community as
it existed in 1950.

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The green color is the Negro
community

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as it existed in 1960; it
doubled its size.

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This area cannot take any
Negroes

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because it will be inundated and
never integrated.

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- Right! - We\'re not going to
take it.

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[crowd shouting]

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- When you looked at a map

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that showed the South Side and
the West Side

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joining in a gigantic L,

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that is the largest contiguous
area

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of 90 or more percent black
population

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in the world outside of Africa.

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Segregation in Chicago was
locked in.

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♪ ♪

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Mayor Daley had used

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virtually every instrument of
government

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to keep it segregated.

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[ominous music]

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- Daley, who served as mayor
from 1955 to 1976,

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was, at his peak, the most
powerful,

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the most influential urban
figure in America.

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- From the Cook County
Democratic Party

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down to the precinct captains,

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it was a well-oiled machine,

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the Democratic political
machine.

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- Chicago was known for a
long, long time

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as one of the most segregated
cities in America.

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What Daley did is not to
challenge that on any level,

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and that was very important
for him politically

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because so much of his base were
extremely resistant

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to the idea of blacks moving
into their neighborhoods,

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and Daley served their
interests.

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[ominous music]

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- Now is the time

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to get rid of the slums and
ghettos of Chicago.

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Now is the time.

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We must realize that there must
be alliances now

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between Negroes and white people
of good will

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to get rid of poverty that
engulfs so much of our nation.

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[applause]

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[crowd shouting]

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♪ ♪

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I\'ve been in many demonstrations

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all across the South,

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but I can say that I have never
seen,

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even in Mississippi and Alabama,

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mobs as hostile and as
hate-filled

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as I have seen in Chicago.

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- Oh, yes!

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It\'s definitely a closed society

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and we\'re gonna make it an open
society.

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♪ ♪

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- The white flight went to the
suburbs

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to flee minorities coming into
the communities,

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and Mayor Daley wanted to bring
them back into the city.

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Urban renewal was a racist plan

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and supported by the federal
government with funds.

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[machinery chugging]

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- I would hope that tomorrow,

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every slum building in Chicago
would be demolished

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and we\'d have a decent home for
every family.

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This is the aim of the present
administration

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and we\'re gonna go through
with it.

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- We were just talking on the
street corner and at the bars

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about how the neighborhood was
changing and that.

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And then we found out about a
meeting

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at the Community Conservation
Council.

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♪ ♪

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We walked in there;

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there was a model display with
areas that are vacant,

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and these were Puerto Rican
areas.

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And we saw nothing but

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about 12 white men there
directing the meetings,

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so we told them,

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\"No more meetings here

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\"unless you have black, Latino,

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and poor white representation
in your council.\"

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And they looked at us like we
were crazy.

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So to prove our point,

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we picked up chairs and
started throwing them around,

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tore up all the plumbing,
trashed the entire place.

00:11:47.749 --> 00:11:51.043
We shut down the Department of
Urban Renewal

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for about three months.

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That was a victory. [chuckles]

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- I come from a people in the
neighborhood

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that never worried about
threats from anyone.

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And as far as... - I know, but
have you...

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- I\'m concerned, there\'ll be law
and order in this town

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as long as I\'m mayor.

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- What were you doing when this
rookie cop hit you?

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- I wasn\'t doing anything.

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- Police brutality.

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Police everywhere aggravating
everybody.

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[siren wailing]

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And just any reason to get us
in that police station.

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[siren wailing]

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And they had a bench...

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[siren wailing]

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with the handcuff on the side

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so they can cuff you

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and beat the [bleep] out of you

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with a phone book

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or whatever they wanted to hit
you with,

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as long as they didn\'t leave
any marks.

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[sirens wailing]

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- They were free to do their
own activities,

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whatever they want, you know,

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to treat people any way they
wanted to treat them.

00:12:48.643 --> 00:12:50.852
And we knew that we could
either give up

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or we could fight, so we
decided we\'d fight.

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[dramatic music]

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- You would get beat up before
you even walked in the jail.

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I just got beat up, you know,
that was it,

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and I had to accept it.

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Who do I complain to?

00:13:06.494 --> 00:13:07.787
[gunshot]

00:13:08.454 --> 00:13:10.456
[fire crackling]

00:13:11.374 --> 00:13:14.168
- When King was killed, all of
us was affected.

00:13:15.336 --> 00:13:17.254
There was rage, there was anger.

00:13:17.255 --> 00:13:18.964
[gunfire and sirens wailing]

00:13:18.965 --> 00:13:21.259
- Shoot to kill any arsonists

00:13:21.426 --> 00:13:23.343
or anyone with a Molotov
cocktail

00:13:23.344 --> 00:13:25.138
in their hand in Chicago.

00:13:26.472 --> 00:13:28.975
[foreboding music]

00:13:29.267 --> 00:13:30.226
♪ ♪

00:13:30.227 --> 00:13:32.352
[crowd shouting]

00:13:32.353 --> 00:13:36.524
- Daley showed his power
through the use of his police

00:13:37.066 --> 00:13:39.485
during the Democratic
Convention, 1968.

00:13:40.903 --> 00:13:43.447
That was Daley.

00:13:43.448 --> 00:13:46.825
- No one lost their lives in
Chicago.

00:13:46.826 --> 00:13:49.161
And all I did was what I thought
was my duty

00:13:49.162 --> 00:13:51.998
under the Constitution and under
my oath of office.

00:13:52.331 --> 00:13:55.042
I\'ve never tolerated brutality.

00:13:55.043 --> 00:13:56.251
- The Democratic Convention,

00:13:56.252 --> 00:13:59.046
we had seen the hippies being
beaten in Lincoln Park.

00:13:59.047 --> 00:14:00.464
We could relate to that.

00:14:00.465 --> 00:14:02.382
What was going on in the
Vietnam War,

00:14:02.383 --> 00:14:05.844
Martin Luther King and Malcolm
X being killed,

00:14:05.845 --> 00:14:08.346
our families being evicted
from their homes.

00:14:08.347 --> 00:14:11.684
All that affected us and
awakened us.

00:14:13.144 --> 00:14:15.353
The Young Lords started
transforming themselves

00:14:15.354 --> 00:14:17.982
from a gang into a human rights
movement.

00:14:19.525 --> 00:14:21.651
The mission was
self-determination

00:14:21.652 --> 00:14:22.652
for Puerto Rico.

00:14:22.653 --> 00:14:25.865
That meant that we were powerful
as a people,

00:14:26.866 --> 00:14:29.701
as a nation, to promote a sense
of pride

00:14:29.702 --> 00:14:31.870
for being Puerto Rican.

00:14:31.871 --> 00:14:34.372
And we wanted neighborhood
empowerment.

00:14:34.373 --> 00:14:36.417
[pensive piano music]

00:14:37.001 --> 00:14:39.461
[train creaking]

00:14:39.462 --> 00:14:41.463
- What we have to do now is
pull ourselves together

00:14:41.464 --> 00:14:42.964
into a functioning group of
people

00:14:42.965 --> 00:14:44.633
who could go out and rebel
against them.

00:14:44.634 --> 00:14:46.384
- See, one of the things

00:14:46.385 --> 00:14:48.011
that\'s good about the Young
Patriots

00:14:48.012 --> 00:14:50.252
is, they\'re all interested in
the problems they got here,

00:14:52.517 --> 00:14:54.935
you know, and they want to
change them.

00:14:54.936 --> 00:14:57.105
We\'re gonna be patriotic to the
community,

00:14:57.647 --> 00:15:00.483
not necessarily patriotic to the
system.

00:15:01.234 --> 00:15:03.194
That\'s our way of being
patriotic.

00:15:03.611 --> 00:15:05.403
If we\'re gonna try to help our
community,

00:15:05.404 --> 00:15:06.404
then we are patriots.

00:15:07.365 --> 00:15:10.827
♪ ♪

00:15:11.744 --> 00:15:12.953
- I\'m the deputy chairman

00:15:12.954 --> 00:15:15.274
of the state of Illinois Black
Panther Party, Fred Hampton.

00:15:15.373 --> 00:15:16.957
All: Right on!

00:15:16.958 --> 00:15:18.083
- We\'re not a racist
organization

00:15:18.084 --> 00:15:19.584
because we understand

00:15:19.585 --> 00:15:23.463
that racism is an excuse used
for capitalism.

00:15:23.464 --> 00:15:24.965
It\'s a by-product of
capitalism.

00:15:24.966 --> 00:15:27.384
- Fred was such a powerful
speaker

00:15:27.385 --> 00:15:28.677
that, you know,

00:15:28.678 --> 00:15:30.220
once people heard Fred speak,

00:15:30.221 --> 00:15:32.181
they were just, you know, drawn.

00:15:32.932 --> 00:15:33.766
We want freedom.

00:15:33.767 --> 00:15:37.353
We want the power to determine
our own destiny.

00:15:37.603 --> 00:15:39.271
That\'s the first point.

00:15:39.272 --> 00:15:43.441
We want true education, decent
housing.

00:15:43.442 --> 00:15:45.402
We want people to have fair
trials

00:15:45.403 --> 00:15:47.821
with a jury of their peers.

00:15:47.822 --> 00:15:49.698
We want an end to police
brutality.

00:15:49.699 --> 00:15:51.241
Pretty much the same things

00:15:51.242 --> 00:15:53.411
that ring true now,
unfortunately.

00:15:53.703 --> 00:15:56.872
- Everybody in the state of
Illinois

00:15:56.873 --> 00:15:59.875
is gonna have to be involved or
even around the revolution,

00:15:59.876 --> 00:16:01.084
\'cause we\'re gonna have one.

00:16:01.085 --> 00:16:02.879
- For all of us in the party,

00:16:03.462 --> 00:16:07.425
Fred Hampton was someone we all
respected.

00:16:07.884 --> 00:16:08.718
- We, the Black Panther Party,

00:16:08.719 --> 00:16:10.844
at this time is a political
self-defense,

00:16:10.845 --> 00:16:13.722
a military, armed political
unit.

00:16:13.723 --> 00:16:15.766
That\'s the definition of the
Black Panther Party.

00:16:16.142 --> 00:16:19.395
- You could touch Fred. He was
a servant leader.

00:16:19.854 --> 00:16:21.272
He read a lot.

00:16:21.814 --> 00:16:23.481
And I was very impressed.

00:16:23.482 --> 00:16:24.774
- There\'s no educational program
here?

00:16:24.775 --> 00:16:26.443
- No. - You know, are you...

00:16:26.444 --> 00:16:29.155
- Fred came to me, as his field
secretary,

00:16:29.739 --> 00:16:32.575
and he said, \"Lee, you handle
the North Side.\"

00:16:33.075 --> 00:16:36.745
[trains clattering]

00:16:36.746 --> 00:16:38.288
[disconsolate ambient music]

00:16:38.289 --> 00:16:40.457
- One day, Bob Lee said,

00:16:40.458 --> 00:16:44.754
\"Hey, man, I want you to take a
ride with me tonight.

00:16:46.005 --> 00:16:48.423
\"We got to go to this place
called Uptown.

00:16:48.424 --> 00:16:50.634
I need you to be my security
man.\"

00:16:50.635 --> 00:16:52.177
♪ ♪

00:16:52.178 --> 00:16:56.015
- They were poor, man. Uptown
was a slum.

00:16:57.225 --> 00:16:58.934
You could smell it.

00:16:58.935 --> 00:17:01.144
See, you could smell a slum.

00:17:01.145 --> 00:17:02.812
♪ ♪

00:17:02.813 --> 00:17:06.234
- We all went to this community
meeting

00:17:06.984 --> 00:17:09.486
with the JOIN organization.

00:17:09.487 --> 00:17:11.821
- Panthers are here.

00:17:11.822 --> 00:17:13.657
Are here.

00:17:13.658 --> 00:17:15.534
Panthers are here. - Yeah.

00:17:16.244 --> 00:17:18.703
- For Uptown. - Okay.

00:17:18.704 --> 00:17:20.163
We come here with our hearts
open

00:17:20.164 --> 00:17:24.001
for you cats to supervise us
where we can be of help to you.

00:17:24.293 --> 00:17:26.503
What do you want in your
community?

00:17:26.504 --> 00:17:27.964
What do you want here?

00:17:32.551 --> 00:17:33.344
Are you afraid?

00:17:33.345 --> 00:17:35.805
You want us to take the berets
off, man,

00:17:36.222 --> 00:17:37.056
or what, man?

00:17:37.057 --> 00:17:38.723
- There were a lot of suspicions

00:17:38.724 --> 00:17:40.183
about the Black Panthers,

00:17:40.184 --> 00:17:44.313
that they were gun-carrying
terrorists.

00:17:45.064 --> 00:17:48.566
- It was a scenario that I had
never been in before.

00:17:48.567 --> 00:17:51.946
I see some guys with
Confederate flag patches.

00:17:52.738 --> 00:17:54.155
I was a little concerned.

00:17:54.156 --> 00:17:55.532
- See, the thing we got to deal
with

00:17:55.533 --> 00:17:56.951
is the concept of poverty, man.

00:17:57.201 --> 00:17:59.077
We got to erase the color thing,
see?

00:17:59.078 --> 00:18:00.745
- These buildings are not fit
for dogs to live in,

00:18:00.746 --> 00:18:03.624
but humans have to be pay $144 a
month for the thing.

00:18:04.125 --> 00:18:06.836
They sold the building, you
know, to new ownership.

00:18:07.044 --> 00:18:08.884
What we need is understanding
among the people,

00:18:09.171 --> 00:18:10.089
coalition between the people

00:18:10.090 --> 00:18:12.383
to stick together and take them
owners

00:18:13.467 --> 00:18:14.634
and put them over here in the
lake somewhere.

00:18:14.635 --> 00:18:15.511
- Right on!

00:18:15.512 --> 00:18:17.387
[applause]

00:18:17.388 --> 00:18:18.764
Once you realize, man,

00:18:19.015 --> 00:18:21.309
that your house is funky with
rats and roaches,

00:18:21.684 --> 00:18:24.020
you know, same way a black
dude\'s house is,

00:18:24.228 --> 00:18:25.603
you know, once you realize

00:18:25.604 --> 00:18:28.106
that your brothers have been
brutalized by the cops,

00:18:28.107 --> 00:18:30.526
the same way the West Side and
South Side is,

00:18:31.027 --> 00:18:33.404
once you realize that you are
paying taxes,

00:18:33.863 --> 00:18:36.324
taxes for the cops to whup your
ass!

00:18:37.074 --> 00:18:38.283
You\'re paying them!

00:18:38.284 --> 00:18:39.201
- Yeah, man.

00:18:39.202 --> 00:18:40.995
- You\'re paying them to kill
you!

00:18:41.704 --> 00:18:42.704
You deal with that.

00:18:42.913 --> 00:18:44.247
The same things happen on the
South Side...

00:18:44.248 --> 00:18:47.335
- Bob Lee turned out to be
quite an organizer.

00:18:48.502 --> 00:18:51.212
And he says, \"Yeah, my name is
Bobby Lee,

00:18:51.213 --> 00:18:53.256
but my real name is Robert E.
Lee.\"

00:18:53.257 --> 00:18:55.342
[laughs]

00:18:55.343 --> 00:18:56.676
And we all laughed.

00:18:56.677 --> 00:18:58.721
We said, \"You gotta be kidding
me!\"

00:18:59.263 --> 00:19:01.514
- Who\'s here that want to see
this thing move?

00:19:01.515 --> 00:19:03.267
- Yeah, man.

00:19:03.684 --> 00:19:05.143
- Right on, well, the first
thing we talk about now

00:19:05.144 --> 00:19:06.853
is how we\'re gonna organize,

00:19:06.854 --> 00:19:07.854
you know, where are we gonna
organize?

00:19:07.855 --> 00:19:08.647
- And, you know, we\'re all gonna

00:19:08.648 --> 00:19:09.898
get run out of here eventually.

00:19:09.899 --> 00:19:11.484
That was a good meeting.

00:19:11.984 --> 00:19:13.319
It was. It got everybody...

00:19:14.445 --> 00:19:16.613
It got everybody riled up.

00:19:16.614 --> 00:19:19.116
It was a good start to a
coalition.

00:19:20.159 --> 00:19:23.204
- We worked very, very hard in
the Uptown community.

00:19:23.412 --> 00:19:24.412
It was two weeks.

00:19:24.747 --> 00:19:27.333
We went there every day, every
night.

00:19:27.917 --> 00:19:30.752
[applause]

00:19:30.753 --> 00:19:32.462
[heavy ambient music]

00:19:32.463 --> 00:19:33.463
♪ ♪

00:19:33.964 --> 00:19:35.715
Here is a white community

00:19:35.716 --> 00:19:39.428
asking for help from the Black
Panther Party, man.

00:19:40.054 --> 00:19:43.891
I knew that this was serious.

00:19:44.475 --> 00:19:47.977
[dramatic music]

00:19:47.978 --> 00:19:50.481
♪ ♪

00:19:50.648 --> 00:19:53.733
- We went to the 18th District
police station

00:19:53.734 --> 00:19:55.402
as a community.

00:19:55.403 --> 00:19:57.862
We locked the doors and we
pushed them to the side

00:19:57.863 --> 00:19:58.864
and we spoke.

00:19:59.782 --> 00:20:04.160
It was a nonviolent takeover of
a police workshop meeting.

00:20:04.161 --> 00:20:06.663
The very next day, it came out
in the news

00:20:06.664 --> 00:20:08.374
and that\'s when we met Fred
Hampton.

00:20:09.542 --> 00:20:11.918
We were talking about how we
can work together.

00:20:11.919 --> 00:20:12.795
Then they told us about

00:20:12.796 --> 00:20:14.839
the Young Patriots in the
North Side.

00:20:14.880 --> 00:20:15.964
- We said that we\'ll work with
anybody

00:20:15.965 --> 00:20:17.674
and form coalitions with anybody

00:20:17.675 --> 00:20:19.885
that has revolution on their
mind.

00:20:20.845 --> 00:20:23.389
- We called a coalition
meeting...

00:20:23.722 --> 00:20:26.141
[suspenseful music]

00:20:26.142 --> 00:20:29.602
♪ ♪

00:20:29.603 --> 00:20:32.313
To bring them all together.

00:20:32.314 --> 00:20:38.278
♪ ♪

00:20:38.279 --> 00:20:39.946
It came together, man.

00:20:39.947 --> 00:20:41.657
We all sat together, warriors.

00:20:42.700 --> 00:20:44.826
We looked good, boy.

00:20:44.827 --> 00:20:47.955
- This here is a Rainbow
Coalition button,

00:20:48.164 --> 00:20:52.168
and there\'s white, brown,
yellow, red, and black.

00:20:53.294 --> 00:20:54.879
It didn\'t matter what color you
were.

00:20:55.254 --> 00:20:58.047
You wore this with pride.

00:20:58.048 --> 00:21:00.717
- The Rainbow Coalition was
about uniting communities

00:21:00.718 --> 00:21:02.803
so that we can make
revolutionary change.

00:21:03.345 --> 00:21:06.015
Our communities were all
struggling for the same cause.

00:21:06.307 --> 00:21:07.933
In unity, there was force.

00:21:09.101 --> 00:21:13.646
- Urban Southern whites with
Puerto Ricans and blacks.

00:21:13.647 --> 00:21:16.232
I don\'t think there had ever
been anything that substantial

00:21:16.233 --> 00:21:17.943
in any urban environment.

00:21:18.569 --> 00:21:20.404
What was going on in your
neighborhood,

00:21:20.863 --> 00:21:23.866
the same thing was going on in
my neighborhood, you know?

00:21:25.159 --> 00:21:26.577
And how you gonna change that?

00:21:27.411 --> 00:21:28.204
You ain\'t gonna change it

00:21:28.205 --> 00:21:30.045
by hating the people in the
other neighborhood.

00:21:31.165 --> 00:21:33.292
But the fastest way to change
that

00:21:33.584 --> 00:21:35.711
was for those neighborhoods to
come together.

00:21:36.045 --> 00:21:37.963
Housing issues, police
brutality,

00:21:38.088 --> 00:21:39.507
just being fed up.

00:21:39.673 --> 00:21:41.073
That\'s what we could all agree
on.

00:21:41.133 --> 00:21:43.051
- The Panther Party in Chicago,

00:21:43.052 --> 00:21:46.305
they\'re not only organizing the
Young Lords.

00:21:47.014 --> 00:21:48.223
They\'re creating coalitions

00:21:48.224 --> 00:21:51.518
with another vanguard
revolutionary group

00:21:51.519 --> 00:21:53.312
called the Young Patriots.

00:21:54.605 --> 00:21:56.815
Poor white people

00:21:57.608 --> 00:22:01.152
have begun to relate to the
ten-point platform and program

00:22:01.153 --> 00:22:02.404
of the Black Panther Party.

00:22:03.656 --> 00:22:06.534
The young Appalachian white
people.

00:22:07.743 --> 00:22:10.287
- That flag meant blood and
murder.

00:22:11.497 --> 00:22:14.166
Who in the [bleep] wanted to be
around that flag, man?

00:22:14.542 --> 00:22:16.252
Let\'s be realistic now.

00:22:17.336 --> 00:22:20.213
- I just want to deal with black
and black liberation.

00:22:20.214 --> 00:22:21.422
Everybody gets uptight

00:22:21.423 --> 00:22:22.966
when a few honkies get their
heads beat.

00:22:22.967 --> 00:22:25.219
What did they do when we was
getting our heads beat?

00:22:25.844 --> 00:22:28.044
- So you had some Panthers that
couldn\'t handle it, man.

00:22:29.223 --> 00:22:30.474
They couldn\'t handle it.

00:22:31.725 --> 00:22:32.725
They left.

00:22:33.519 --> 00:22:35.103
- We always had the flag.

00:22:35.104 --> 00:22:37.105
We were brought up with the
Confederate flag.

00:22:37.106 --> 00:22:40.316
We were trying to confront
people on their racism.

00:22:40.317 --> 00:22:44.028
You know, wear the flag with
the \"Black Power\"

00:22:44.029 --> 00:22:47.700
or \"Free Huey\" and it would
spark up conversations.

00:22:48.158 --> 00:22:51.202
The contradiction makes people
think.

00:22:51.203 --> 00:22:54.665
Fred Hampton understood what
we were trying to do

00:22:54.957 --> 00:22:58.084
and therefore he welcomed it
into the Rainbow Coalition

00:22:58.085 --> 00:23:01.796
and allowed us to even go to
rallies wearing that flag.

00:23:01.797 --> 00:23:04.425
- If you gonna organize with
folks...

00:23:04.883 --> 00:23:07.760
you first respect

00:23:07.761 --> 00:23:09.638
their top values.

00:23:10.055 --> 00:23:12.265
- We started going around with
him.

00:23:12.266 --> 00:23:14.267
He took us under his wing

00:23:14.268 --> 00:23:17.354
and basically helped us, you
know, guided us.

00:23:17.688 --> 00:23:21.609
- We say to pig Daley,
hammerhead Hanrahan,

00:23:22.026 --> 00:23:24.028
pig Conners, and the rest,

00:23:24.737 --> 00:23:27.364
no more brothers will be taken
from us without cause.

00:23:27.865 --> 00:23:30.993
- Class consciousness cuts
across

00:23:31.243 --> 00:23:33.454
all kinds of strata.

00:23:33.704 --> 00:23:36.080
For poor white people to be
working

00:23:36.081 --> 00:23:39.043
with poor black people was
unheard of.

00:23:39.126 --> 00:23:40.877
- Black people and white poor
people

00:23:40.878 --> 00:23:43.171
and red poor people and Puerto
Rican poor people

00:23:43.172 --> 00:23:45.173
and Latin American poor people

00:23:45.174 --> 00:23:45.924
and poor people of all descents,

00:23:45.925 --> 00:23:48.468
they have them caught up in
movements based on racism

00:23:48.469 --> 00:23:50.053
when the Black Panther Party
stood up and said

00:23:50.054 --> 00:23:51.512
that we don\'t care what anybody
says.

00:23:51.513 --> 00:23:53.014
We\'re gonna fight racism not
with racism,

00:23:53.015 --> 00:23:54.975
but we\'re gonna fight it with
solidarity.

00:23:55.184 --> 00:23:59.521
- This was during the peak of
the Black Power era.

00:24:00.022 --> 00:24:03.609
The revolutionary struggle that
we were envisioning

00:24:04.068 --> 00:24:05.653
was to eliminate racism.

00:24:06.236 --> 00:24:08.029
And in order to eliminate
racism,

00:24:08.030 --> 00:24:09.405
you couldn\'t practice racism.

00:24:09.406 --> 00:24:11.783
♪ ♪

00:24:11.784 --> 00:24:15.328
- We came together as true
brothers and sisters

00:24:15.329 --> 00:24:16.997
to stand up together.

00:24:17.331 --> 00:24:19.123
- The motto of the Black
Panther Party

00:24:19.124 --> 00:24:20.626
was, \"All power to all the
people.\"

00:24:22.544 --> 00:24:24.755
Not all power

00:24:25.839 --> 00:24:28.383
to some of the people, all the
people.

00:24:28.384 --> 00:24:29.967
- Come on in, little sisters.
Y\'all can sit down.

00:24:29.968 --> 00:24:32.054
- Children were going to school
hungry,

00:24:32.638 --> 00:24:35.182
and there were no federal
programs for that.

00:24:35.766 --> 00:24:38.935
And the Black Panther Party was
the first group I saw

00:24:38.936 --> 00:24:41.938
that was talking about taking
control of your own destiny.

00:24:41.939 --> 00:24:45.067
Instead of just asking people
for something,

00:24:45.442 --> 00:24:48.695
it was like, \"Okay, if our kids
are starving,

00:24:48.696 --> 00:24:49.571
then let\'s give them
breakfast.\"

00:24:49.572 --> 00:24:52.532
- ♪ We got the free breakfast
program ♪

00:24:52.533 --> 00:24:54.450
all: ♪ Free breakfast program ♪

00:24:54.451 --> 00:24:57.037
- They showed us the
importance of programs.

00:24:57.663 --> 00:24:59.872
We set up a free breakfast for
children program,

00:24:59.873 --> 00:25:01.290
a free health clinic and
dental clinic,

00:25:01.291 --> 00:25:04.336
a free clothing program, a
food pantry.

00:25:04.878 --> 00:25:07.880
Something that the government,
Mayor Daley was not doing.

00:25:07.881 --> 00:25:10.633
All: ♪ All of these people ♪

00:25:10.634 --> 00:25:12.343
- ♪ We got the free health
clinic ♪

00:25:12.344 --> 00:25:14.137
all: ♪ Free health clinic ♪

00:25:14.138 --> 00:25:15.972
- ♪ Cure sick people ♪

00:25:15.973 --> 00:25:18.891
- We started working with the
coalition

00:25:18.892 --> 00:25:21.894
and were able to get resources
from that

00:25:21.895 --> 00:25:24.565
to set up a free health clinic.

00:25:25.315 --> 00:25:28.318
- We\'re feeding 3,000 to 4,000
every week already

00:25:28.527 --> 00:25:30.447
and I don\'t know how many all
around the country.

00:25:30.738 --> 00:25:33.031
We\'re out there every day and
educating.

00:25:33.282 --> 00:25:34.323
People learn by example.

00:25:34.324 --> 00:25:36.117
I don\'t think anybody has an
argument with that.

00:25:36.118 --> 00:25:38.454
And I think the Black Panther
Party is doing that.

00:25:39.288 --> 00:25:41.122
- It was not a disciplined
organization

00:25:41.123 --> 00:25:43.917
but more of a symbolic mass
movement

00:25:44.751 --> 00:25:47.128
that was trying to bring in
more and more people

00:25:47.129 --> 00:25:48.464
into the coalition.

00:25:49.339 --> 00:25:51.591
- The idea of the Rainbow
Coalition

00:25:51.592 --> 00:25:55.762
made a lot of sense to us and we
promoted that.

00:25:56.054 --> 00:25:58.556
We talked about Fred Hampton a
lot.

00:25:58.557 --> 00:26:02.268
♪ ♪

00:26:02.269 --> 00:26:03.644
- These experiments were
happening

00:26:03.645 --> 00:26:05.646
all over the country.

00:26:05.647 --> 00:26:07.815
In Chicago, there was another
organization

00:26:07.816 --> 00:26:09.817
called Rising Up Angry.

00:26:09.818 --> 00:26:11.778
They organized all over Chicago.

00:26:12.446 --> 00:26:13.863
There were rainbow coalitions,

00:26:13.864 --> 00:26:16.574
small R and small C rainbow
coalitions

00:26:16.575 --> 00:26:17.783
all over the place

00:26:17.784 --> 00:26:20.995
that included groups like the
American Indian Movement,

00:26:20.996 --> 00:26:22.788
like the Brown Berets.

00:26:22.789 --> 00:26:24.582
- As we worked together, we saw,

00:26:24.583 --> 00:26:26.334
\"Wow, we\'re really a lot
stronger

00:26:26.335 --> 00:26:27.668
if we do this together.\"

00:26:27.669 --> 00:26:31.380
And it made us think that if we
really want to change society,

00:26:31.381 --> 00:26:32.924
we all had to come together

00:26:32.925 --> 00:26:35.010
and support each other\'s
struggles.

00:26:36.136 --> 00:26:38.763
- It just felt natural that you
would struggle

00:26:38.764 --> 00:26:42.559
with other people who have been
marginalized

00:26:42.726 --> 00:26:46.562
and who have been held down and
who have been oppressed.

00:26:46.563 --> 00:26:47.523
[crowd chanting] Poor people
power!

00:26:47.524 --> 00:26:49.148
Poor people power!

00:26:49.149 --> 00:26:51.275
- Whether you\'re from the south,
north, east, or west,

00:26:51.276 --> 00:26:54.404
whether you\'re a Negro,
hillbilly, or Yankee,

00:26:54.738 --> 00:26:56.697
we\'re gonna stand here and fight
together.

00:26:56.698 --> 00:26:58.533
Mr. Daley can take his money and
his machine,

00:26:58.534 --> 00:27:00.536
his Uptown can take his money
and his machine,

00:27:00.702 --> 00:27:02.537
and go straight to
H-E-you-know-where with it.

00:27:02.538 --> 00:27:04.163
[cheers and applause]

00:27:04.164 --> 00:27:07.041
- There\'s been trouble, there\'s
gonna be more trouble,

00:27:07.042 --> 00:27:08.668
and we\'re gonna continue to have
more trouble.

00:27:08.669 --> 00:27:09.961
You see, people are gonna...

00:27:09.962 --> 00:27:11.420
Are learning to struggle
together.

00:27:11.421 --> 00:27:13.131
People are learning to fight
together.

00:27:13.799 --> 00:27:15.091
And I don\'t think that\'s
trouble, you know.

00:27:15.092 --> 00:27:16.842
I think that\'s self-defense, you
know.

00:27:16.843 --> 00:27:18.637
I think we\'re defending
ourselves, you know.

00:27:19.012 --> 00:27:20.221
I think the trouble has already
come

00:27:20.222 --> 00:27:22.557
when urban removal came to this
neighborhood.

00:27:22.558 --> 00:27:24.267
[crowd shouting and chanting]

00:27:24.268 --> 00:27:25.477
- The Black Panthers,

00:27:25.644 --> 00:27:26.603
we\'re gonna run this black
community!

00:27:26.604 --> 00:27:27.687
We are not gonna compromise!

00:27:27.688 --> 00:27:31.148
- There was this sense of
solidarity internationally.

00:27:31.149 --> 00:27:33.901
These are communities who are
struggling

00:27:33.902 --> 00:27:37.197
for very much of the same
goals: end to oppression.

00:27:38.323 --> 00:27:40.284
- We were connected to the world

00:27:40.784 --> 00:27:42.703
and uniting with all these
struggles.

00:27:42.869 --> 00:27:45.162
That was the beauty of it.

00:27:45.163 --> 00:27:48.374
The world was on fire and we
were part of that flame.

00:27:48.375 --> 00:27:51.460
[grim ambient music]

00:27:51.461 --> 00:27:56.133
♪ ♪

00:27:56.633 --> 00:27:59.594
- It appeared to me they
wanted the white community

00:27:59.595 --> 00:28:02.138
to think that they could be
violent

00:28:02.139 --> 00:28:04.557
if they had to on behalf of
their people,

00:28:04.558 --> 00:28:07.351
so don\'t mess with our people.

00:28:07.352 --> 00:28:10.104
They were meant to scare the
police,

00:28:10.105 --> 00:28:12.023
but it was turned against them.

00:28:12.024 --> 00:28:14.233
It played right into the hands
of Daley to say,

00:28:14.234 --> 00:28:16.445
\"You see how these violent
people are?\"

00:28:16.695 --> 00:28:19.531
- We\'re talking about
revolution.

00:28:19.656 --> 00:28:24.620
- This was a complete challenge
to the structure, you know?

00:28:24.745 --> 00:28:27.455
It wasn\'t saying, \"Let us in.\"

00:28:27.456 --> 00:28:29.498
That was not, you know...

00:28:29.499 --> 00:28:33.211
That was not the position of the
Rainbow Coalition.

00:28:33.503 --> 00:28:36.214
We didn\'t want in, so he
didn\'t have a handle on us.

00:28:36.757 --> 00:28:40.384
[applause]

00:28:40.385 --> 00:28:42.386
[train wheels grinding]

00:28:42.387 --> 00:28:45.765
- Every meeting that\'s been held
in Threshold\'s hall

00:28:45.766 --> 00:28:47.975
has been observed by the Red
Squad and photographed

00:28:47.976 --> 00:28:49.977
because I\'ve watched them.

00:28:49.978 --> 00:28:51.937
I want to know what the purpose
of this is.

00:28:51.938 --> 00:28:53.773
- The Red Squad,

00:28:53.774 --> 00:28:54.524
they take your picture,

00:28:54.525 --> 00:28:56.942
just as these people are
taking my picture here.

00:28:56.943 --> 00:28:57.985
[ominous music]

00:28:57.986 --> 00:28:59.403
- The Red Squad.

00:28:59.404 --> 00:29:00.946
[ominous music]

00:29:00.947 --> 00:29:03.366
Their purpose was to identify

00:29:03.367 --> 00:29:06.244
and observe and even arrest

00:29:06.745 --> 00:29:08.454
people that were considered

00:29:08.455 --> 00:29:13.542
to be communist or socialist or
on the Red side.

00:29:13.543 --> 00:29:14.627
♪ ♪

00:29:14.628 --> 00:29:16.712
- They tried to discredit us.

00:29:16.713 --> 00:29:17.631
You know, \"These guys are
criminals.

00:29:17.714 --> 00:29:19.298
They\'re being arrested.\"

00:29:19.299 --> 00:29:21.092
So that\'s the image that people
would get

00:29:21.093 --> 00:29:22.426
in the community.

00:29:22.427 --> 00:29:28.557
♪ ♪

00:29:28.558 --> 00:29:33.187
[indistinct shouting]

00:29:33.188 --> 00:29:36.524
- The police department\'s Gang
Intelligence Unit...

00:29:36.525 --> 00:29:39.778
The unit that I was in formed a
Panther Squad.

00:29:41.154 --> 00:29:43.364
We were at this particular
rally.

00:29:43.365 --> 00:29:45.282
Some kind of way, the grumbling
was,

00:29:45.283 --> 00:29:47.868
\"There\'s a lot of pigs in here,\"
you know?

00:29:47.869 --> 00:29:50.037
So from the front of the room,

00:29:50.038 --> 00:29:52.832
Fred Hampton said, \"Will the
pigs please leave?\"

00:29:52.833 --> 00:29:53.958
[laughs]

00:29:53.959 --> 00:29:55.501
So about six people got up

00:29:55.502 --> 00:29:57.795
and we all kind of eyeballed
each other in there,

00:29:57.796 --> 00:30:02.509
scattered out, then we started
to talk amongst ourselves.

00:30:03.176 --> 00:30:05.261
What this mind-set was

00:30:05.262 --> 00:30:07.973
and how threatening was it
really

00:30:08.265 --> 00:30:10.392
to just everyday police work?

00:30:10.684 --> 00:30:11.518
And it wasn\'t.

00:30:11.519 --> 00:30:14.061
It was a threat to misconduct.
It really was.

00:30:14.062 --> 00:30:16.021
[dreamy ambient music]

00:30:16.022 --> 00:30:21.986
♪ ♪

00:30:21.987 --> 00:30:24.572
- Counterintelligence Program,

00:30:24.573 --> 00:30:28.117
it was spying on groups to
disrupt forces

00:30:28.118 --> 00:30:31.287
that we found objectionable.

00:30:31.288 --> 00:30:33.122
That\'s what we did.

00:30:33.123 --> 00:30:34.623
We...

00:30:34.624 --> 00:30:36.792
a good word is neutralize.

00:30:36.793 --> 00:30:40.713
♪ ♪

00:30:40.714 --> 00:30:42.757
Black Panthers, you know, all
these groups,

00:30:42.758 --> 00:30:44.633
they were the enemy.

00:30:44.634 --> 00:30:46.595
♪ ♪

00:30:46.928 --> 00:30:48.888
There was a mind-set,

00:30:48.889 --> 00:30:51.515
we were gonna lose the
country, you know?

00:30:51.516 --> 00:30:54.143
It\'s us versus them and we
worked with the police.

00:30:54.144 --> 00:30:57.062
We all generally thought the
same way.

00:30:57.063 --> 00:31:00.942
♪ ♪

00:31:01.568 --> 00:31:03.361
- There\'s been a glorification

00:31:03.695 --> 00:31:05.404
of this gang structure

00:31:05.405 --> 00:31:07.114
and that\'s why it\'s so serious
today.

00:31:07.115 --> 00:31:09.326
Here\'s the state\'s attorney. He
can...

00:31:09.618 --> 00:31:11.952
- Hanrahan was very tight with
Mayor Daley.

00:31:11.953 --> 00:31:13.954
He was one of his cronies.

00:31:13.955 --> 00:31:15.664
He wanted to destroy us.

00:31:15.665 --> 00:31:19.293
He declared a war on gangs.

00:31:19.294 --> 00:31:22.380
- They are brutalizing their own
neighbors.

00:31:22.756 --> 00:31:24.006
- They were not criminals

00:31:24.007 --> 00:31:26.383
even though the Chicago Police
Department

00:31:26.384 --> 00:31:28.594
lumped them together with street
gangs.

00:31:28.595 --> 00:31:31.222
It allowed the police
department to chase them

00:31:31.223 --> 00:31:33.474
as if they were gang members.

00:31:33.475 --> 00:31:37.437
[discordant ambient music]

00:31:37.646 --> 00:31:41.524
- Reverend Johnson has made an
offer about the first...

00:31:41.525 --> 00:31:43.943
- Reverend Bruce Johnson was
the pastor of the church

00:31:43.944 --> 00:31:47.030
that became the headquarters
of the Young Lords.

00:31:47.322 --> 00:31:48.614
- We do not consider it a youth
gang.

00:31:48.615 --> 00:31:50.992
We consider it a viable
community organization.

00:31:51.326 --> 00:31:53.702
- We began working immediately
with the church.

00:31:53.703 --> 00:31:56.831
- And we\'re already begun taking
in applications

00:31:56.832 --> 00:31:57.998
for children... for the
children\'s center.

00:31:57.999 --> 00:32:02.045
- Now the city of Chicago
began attacking the reverend

00:32:02.254 --> 00:32:04.171
like they were attacking the
Young Lords

00:32:04.172 --> 00:32:07.424
and they began fining him $200 a
day

00:32:07.425 --> 00:32:11.262
every day that the Young Lords
remained at the church.

00:32:11.263 --> 00:32:14.974
All we wanted was to get some
help for our community.

00:32:14.975 --> 00:32:18.979
[suspenseful music]

00:32:19.563 --> 00:32:21.856
- In the Gang Intelligence Unit,
our unit,

00:32:21.857 --> 00:32:24.108
this is all gang crime stuff.

00:32:24.109 --> 00:32:25.985
They went in where the people

00:32:25.986 --> 00:32:26.945
were doing the breakfast
program,

00:32:26.946 --> 00:32:30.447
busted eggs out of the
refrigerator on the walls.

00:32:30.448 --> 00:32:33.660
They poured flour and bust
eggs in the flour.

00:32:33.952 --> 00:32:37.413
They unnecessarily set back
something

00:32:37.414 --> 00:32:39.875
that was a legitimate breakfast
program.

00:32:39.958 --> 00:32:41.834
But that dry run they were so
frustrated

00:32:41.835 --> 00:32:43.752
because of who they were
looking for

00:32:43.753 --> 00:32:45.505
was not there that day.

00:32:46.423 --> 00:32:49.091
And that was the day I decided

00:32:49.092 --> 00:32:50.551
that I didn\'t want to be in that
unit anymore.

00:32:50.552 --> 00:32:52.595
♪ ♪

00:32:52.596 --> 00:32:54.763
- The reason why we haven\'t been
able

00:32:54.764 --> 00:32:56.432
to open a day care center is
because the city

00:32:56.433 --> 00:33:00.311
has found ridiculous violations
in the buildings

00:33:00.312 --> 00:33:03.147
such as the floor is too low or
the ceiling is too high.

00:33:03.148 --> 00:33:06.191
They knew that we were going
to begin to get

00:33:06.192 --> 00:33:07.943
a lot more support from the
community

00:33:07.944 --> 00:33:09.111
and the only way that they
could stop us

00:33:09.112 --> 00:33:11.488
was by using bureaucracy.

00:33:11.489 --> 00:33:13.240
I think that they should also

00:33:13.241 --> 00:33:14.783
look around in some of those
apartments

00:33:14.784 --> 00:33:17.077
where the children will have
to stay,

00:33:17.078 --> 00:33:19.164
you know, where they are
getting lead poisoning,

00:33:19.623 --> 00:33:20.248
and not in a church

00:33:20.249 --> 00:33:23.083
where we are trying to take
care of them.

00:33:23.084 --> 00:33:24.877
[siren wails]

00:33:24.878 --> 00:33:26.795
- It turned out to be a very
powerful coalition.

00:33:26.796 --> 00:33:28.714
It was kind of making them
look bad.

00:33:28.715 --> 00:33:32.217
♪ ♪

00:33:32.218 --> 00:33:36.348
- We hear constantly the
attack on the establishment

00:33:37.223 --> 00:33:39.934
as though it is some invisible
force

00:33:39.935 --> 00:33:43.812
that does nothing good for the
community and for the country.

00:33:43.813 --> 00:33:46.607
I have no apology to make to
anyone for our country.

00:33:46.608 --> 00:33:47.525
- To a great extent,

00:33:47.526 --> 00:33:50.194
I think Daley was simply unable
to understand

00:33:50.195 --> 00:33:53.113
a lot of the societal changes at
that time.

00:33:53.114 --> 00:33:56.993
♪ ♪

00:33:57.327 --> 00:34:02.999
Perplexed, frustrated, he fell
back on repression.

00:34:03.500 --> 00:34:08.546
♪ ♪

00:34:09.965 --> 00:34:12.383
- This three-day conference
may well be the turning point

00:34:12.384 --> 00:34:14.176
for what has up to this point

00:34:14.177 --> 00:34:16.387
been an increasing but loosely
organized

00:34:16.388 --> 00:34:18.013
revolutionary phenomenon

00:34:18.014 --> 00:34:20.432
that will probably streamline
and solidify

00:34:20.433 --> 00:34:23.395
what is now called \"The
Movement.\"

00:34:24.062 --> 00:34:27.272
- Now, we come from Chi-town.

00:34:27.273 --> 00:34:29.984
We come from a monster.

00:34:29.985 --> 00:34:32.236
We come from a monster.

00:34:32.237 --> 00:34:34.697
And the jaws of the monster...

00:34:34.698 --> 00:34:36.533
in Chicago

00:34:37.033 --> 00:34:38.785
are grinding up the flesh...

00:34:40.662 --> 00:34:42.956
and spitting out the blood

00:34:43.748 --> 00:34:46.166
of the poor and oppressed
people,

00:34:46.167 --> 00:34:50.463
blacks in the South Side, West
Side,

00:34:52.173 --> 00:34:55.093
and the browns on the North Side

00:34:55.719 --> 00:34:58.303
and the reds and the yellows

00:34:58.304 --> 00:35:00.973
and, yes, the whites.

00:35:00.974 --> 00:35:04.436
♪ ♪

00:35:04.894 --> 00:35:07.104
And we got together, the Young
Lords

00:35:07.105 --> 00:35:08.480
and the Young Patriots

00:35:08.481 --> 00:35:09.898
and the Black Panther Party in
Illinois,

00:35:09.899 --> 00:35:12.944
and we said, \"Now, what are we
gonna do?\"

00:35:13.153 --> 00:35:14.528
And we said...

00:35:14.529 --> 00:35:17.573
\"We\'re gonna intensify the
struggle, mother[bleep].\"

00:35:17.574 --> 00:35:19.743
[cheers and applause]

00:35:24.414 --> 00:35:26.749
- I was in the hole in Double
Lock,

00:35:26.750 --> 00:35:29.294
which is where they usually
put me in the jail.

00:35:30.962 --> 00:35:33.172
The warden of the jail came

00:35:33.173 --> 00:35:35.049
and he took me to his apartment

00:35:35.050 --> 00:35:36.050
and he put the TV on.

00:35:36.634 --> 00:35:39.678
- This being the first Sunday
since the Reverend

00:35:39.679 --> 00:35:42.056
and Mrs. Bruce Johnson were
murdered...

00:35:42.057 --> 00:35:46.603
- He was stabbed 17 times and
his wife 9 times

00:35:46.978 --> 00:35:50.273
because he wanted to work with
the Young Lords.

00:35:52.358 --> 00:35:55.278
I believe that\'s why he was
killed.

00:35:55.904 --> 00:35:56.988
[gun cocking]

00:35:58.698 --> 00:36:01.159
- We\'re praying that Hanrahan
leads the charge.

00:36:02.786 --> 00:36:06.164
- Before a raid, the police
would hit the field...

00:36:07.332 --> 00:36:08.249
[siren wails]

00:36:08.250 --> 00:36:09.833
Start arresting people.

00:36:09.834 --> 00:36:11.293
[tires squealing]

00:36:11.294 --> 00:36:13.129
The postman\'s face would change.

00:36:13.755 --> 00:36:15.715
You knew they were coming.

00:36:15.882 --> 00:36:19.551
I would be lying if I said that
we wasn\'t afraid.

00:36:19.552 --> 00:36:22.012
- I tried, man, but I just wish
they would come tonight.

00:36:22.013 --> 00:36:23.514
- Yeah, well, I want them to
come.

00:36:23.515 --> 00:36:24.307
- Hey, man, who was that?

00:36:24.308 --> 00:36:27.392
♪ ♪

00:36:27.393 --> 00:36:30.104
- We had two attacks on our
office.

00:36:30.105 --> 00:36:32.523
- We wasn\'t raided this time. We
were attacked, man.

00:36:32.524 --> 00:36:34.984
You can look at the windows,
man.

00:36:35.819 --> 00:36:37.402
- Was there a fire in the, uh...

00:36:37.403 --> 00:36:39.405
- They set a fire after they got
through.

00:36:42.492 --> 00:36:44.076
♪ ♪

00:36:44.077 --> 00:36:46.996
- November, Spurgeon Jake
Winters

00:36:48.164 --> 00:36:49.706
got into a shoot-out

00:36:49.707 --> 00:36:51.708
on South Side with the police.

00:36:51.709 --> 00:36:53.002
And, uh...

00:36:58.383 --> 00:36:59.384
They...

00:37:00.677 --> 00:37:03.846
He shot two police, who died,
and they...

00:37:03.847 --> 00:37:05.515
shot him about 1,000 times.

00:37:07.934 --> 00:37:10.937
So you have those type of
developments going on,

00:37:11.354 --> 00:37:12.438
it\'s difficult to have

00:37:12.772 --> 00:37:14.607
not only an organization but a
coalition.

00:37:16.234 --> 00:37:17.693
You know?

00:37:17.694 --> 00:37:19.863
♪ ♪

00:37:20.029 --> 00:37:23.574
- The police were harder on us
when we were political

00:37:23.575 --> 00:37:25.242
than when we were in a gang.

00:37:25.243 --> 00:37:26.368
If we were in a gang, we would
be picked up

00:37:26.369 --> 00:37:29.372
on a Friday, released Monday.

00:37:29.497 --> 00:37:30.456
When we were political,

00:37:30.457 --> 00:37:32.708
they were talking about life
in jail.

00:37:32.709 --> 00:37:34.459
Yeah, I think that the issue
here

00:37:34.460 --> 00:37:36.253
is that judges and the state\'s
attorney

00:37:36.254 --> 00:37:37.963
have been working with the GI
Unit and everyone else

00:37:37.964 --> 00:37:41.425
to try to suppress the Young
Lords organization

00:37:41.426 --> 00:37:42.634
who are trying to speak out.

00:37:42.635 --> 00:37:44.511
You know, we\'re a poor
organization.

00:37:44.512 --> 00:37:46.139
I had 18 charges on me.

00:37:47.098 --> 00:37:48.308
They were all felonies

00:37:48.641 --> 00:37:50.727
for mob action and other
demonstrations.

00:37:51.603 --> 00:37:53.353
Basically lived at the
courthouse,

00:37:53.354 --> 00:37:56.315
and so did Chairman Fred Hampton

00:37:56.316 --> 00:37:57.357
and some of the other
leadership.

00:37:57.358 --> 00:37:59.651
[gospel choir singing]

00:37:59.652 --> 00:38:02.446
- And why they want to get rid
of me?

00:38:02.447 --> 00:38:03.864
Because I\'m saying something
that might wake up

00:38:03.865 --> 00:38:05.532
some other exploited people or
some other oppressed people,

00:38:05.533 --> 00:38:07.826
and if all these people ever get
together,

00:38:07.827 --> 00:38:09.703
then these pigs that are
exploiting us,

00:38:09.704 --> 00:38:11.371
we\'ll be able to run them into
the lake.

00:38:11.372 --> 00:38:12.248
That\'s why they want to get rid
of us.

00:38:12.249 --> 00:38:14.583
[gospel choir singing]

00:38:14.584 --> 00:38:16.710
- We went to jail together.

00:38:16.711 --> 00:38:18.712
They put us in the same hole

00:38:18.713 --> 00:38:20.422
to segregate us from the rest
of the population.

00:38:20.423 --> 00:38:22.674
They were afraid that we would

00:38:22.675 --> 00:38:25.386
organize the rest of the jail
population.

00:38:26.554 --> 00:38:31.183
- I\'m out on appeal for a
trumped-up robbery

00:38:31.184 --> 00:38:35.312
and we got around nine people
still locked up in jail.

00:38:35.313 --> 00:38:37.105
It\'s not a question of
nonviolence or violence.

00:38:37.106 --> 00:38:39.733
The question is between
resistance to this fascism

00:38:39.734 --> 00:38:42.402
or even nonexistence within
fascism.

00:38:42.403 --> 00:38:44.947
♪ ♪

00:38:44.948 --> 00:38:47.032
- COINTELPRO...

00:38:47.033 --> 00:38:50.495
One of the aspects of that
program

00:38:51.204 --> 00:38:53.789
was to prevent the rise

00:38:53.790 --> 00:38:56.541
of what they call a \"messiah\"

00:38:56.542 --> 00:39:01.672
that could have the ability and
charisma

00:39:01.673 --> 00:39:04.633
to bring together and to further
empower groups.

00:39:04.634 --> 00:39:06.593
- We say all power to all
people.

00:39:06.594 --> 00:39:08.512
All: All power to all people.

00:39:08.513 --> 00:39:10.264
- We say white power to white
people.

00:39:10.265 --> 00:39:11.598
All: White power to white
people.

00:39:11.599 --> 00:39:12.933
- Brown power to brown people.

00:39:12.934 --> 00:39:14.518
All: Brown power to brown
people.

00:39:14.519 --> 00:39:15.769
- Yellow power to yellow people.

00:39:15.770 --> 00:39:17.130
All: Yellow power to yellow
people.

00:39:17.230 --> 00:39:18.855
- Black power to black people.

00:39:18.856 --> 00:39:20.357
All: Black power to black
people.

00:39:20.358 --> 00:39:22.694
- X power for those of you left
out.

00:39:22.944 --> 00:39:24.904
All: X power for those left
out.

00:39:33.538 --> 00:39:34.746
- The 20-year-old chairman

00:39:34.747 --> 00:39:37.207
of the Illinois Black Panther
Party, Fred Hampton,

00:39:37.208 --> 00:39:39.876
was shot and killed in a predawn
shoot-out

00:39:39.877 --> 00:39:43.088
with state\'s attorney\'s police
in his West Side apartment.

00:39:43.089 --> 00:39:44.298
Another party member,

00:39:44.299 --> 00:39:46.133
22-year-old Mark Clark of
Peoria,

00:39:46.134 --> 00:39:48.094
also died in the shoot-out.

00:39:48.344 --> 00:39:51.597
- Chicago police, COINTELPRO,

00:39:52.390 --> 00:39:53.599
Red Squad,

00:39:54.058 --> 00:39:56.351
they were all collectively
responsible

00:39:56.352 --> 00:39:58.812
for the murder of Fred Hampton
and Mark Clark

00:39:58.813 --> 00:40:00.856
and the wounding of others.

00:40:00.857 --> 00:40:03.026
- Chicago police took \'em out.

00:40:04.527 --> 00:40:05.194
If they didn\'t want you around,

00:40:05.195 --> 00:40:06.696
you weren\'t gonna be around.

00:40:07.488 --> 00:40:09.824
And that\'s the way it worked
back then,

00:40:10.116 --> 00:40:11.909
and it was scary.

00:40:12.744 --> 00:40:16.122
I went home and got my gun out,
and I sat there.

00:40:17.165 --> 00:40:18.374
I sat there and waited.

00:40:19.417 --> 00:40:21.543
I didn\'t know what the next move
was gonna be.

00:40:21.544 --> 00:40:22.544
Nobody did.

00:40:23.004 --> 00:40:27.257
- When Fred Hampton was killed
around 4:00 in the morning,

00:40:27.258 --> 00:40:28.592
they were calling us.

00:40:28.593 --> 00:40:30.135
That\'s when I found out about it

00:40:30.136 --> 00:40:34.306
and we took a group to the
apartment.

00:40:34.307 --> 00:40:37.642
People from all over the city
came to be witnesses

00:40:37.643 --> 00:40:41.564
in case the police came back
to remove any items.

00:40:41.856 --> 00:40:44.775
[dramatic orchestral music]

00:40:44.776 --> 00:40:52.776
♪ ♪

00:40:59.999 --> 00:41:03.335
- Government couldn\'t make him
and couldn\'t destroy him.

00:41:03.336 --> 00:41:05.504
They shot him and he multiplied.

00:41:05.505 --> 00:41:08.049
- I recall Jesse Jackson
speaking.

00:41:09.258 --> 00:41:10.425
- More than we need mourning...

00:41:10.426 --> 00:41:13.845
- I tried to... tried to not
show any emotion,

00:41:13.846 --> 00:41:16.474
act like a macho.

00:41:17.308 --> 00:41:18.308
- Fred...

00:41:19.185 --> 00:41:21.020
this is a good way to go.

00:41:21.437 --> 00:41:22.479
- When he finished,

00:41:22.480 --> 00:41:25.065
I just couldn\'t hold it anymore.

00:41:25.066 --> 00:41:27.443
I just went into tears.

00:41:28.945 --> 00:41:32.073
A lot of people underestimated
what the government would do

00:41:32.407 --> 00:41:37.370
to oppress a real, true poor
people\'s movement.

00:41:38.579 --> 00:41:42.417
- And what did he do? He formed
coalitions.

00:41:43.835 --> 00:41:45.335
That\'s what he did.

00:41:45.336 --> 00:41:49.464
- I am personally grieved over
the death of Fred Hampton

00:41:49.465 --> 00:41:53.344
because he was a personal friend
of mine.

00:41:53.594 --> 00:41:56.054
So it is that those who are
symbolic

00:41:56.055 --> 00:41:57.974
of challenging America\'s
injustice

00:41:58.474 --> 00:42:02.227
tend to have to die unless we
make a real radical

00:42:02.228 --> 00:42:04.396
and revolutionary change in this
society.

00:42:04.397 --> 00:42:07.942
- They sprayed this wall with
.30-caliber machine gun fire.

00:42:08.609 --> 00:42:12.112
They shot people who were on
the bed asleep.

00:42:12.113 --> 00:42:15.241
[tense music]

00:42:15.408 --> 00:42:17.742
- The physical appearance of
this apartment

00:42:17.743 --> 00:42:20.496
does not reveal any shooting
out.

00:42:20.788 --> 00:42:22.415
It reveals shooting in.

00:42:22.915 --> 00:42:25.209
- All indications to me,
personally,

00:42:25.418 --> 00:42:28.379
that this was obviously a
political assassination.

00:42:29.255 --> 00:42:30.255
- By whom? - By whom?

00:42:31.215 --> 00:42:32.924
- Who was there? - Ordered by
whom?

00:42:32.925 --> 00:42:34.260
- I have no idea.

00:42:34.719 --> 00:42:37.263
Who does the state\'s attorney
get their orders from?

00:42:37.638 --> 00:42:41.976
These bumbling police officers
that carried that out,

00:42:42.643 --> 00:42:43.894
I don\'t even think they thought

00:42:43.895 --> 00:42:45.055
they were committing a crime.

00:42:45.313 --> 00:42:48.523
I think they thought they could
get away with murdering people.

00:42:48.524 --> 00:42:49.858
♪ ♪

00:42:49.859 --> 00:42:51.568
- Witnesses who have seen the
apartment

00:42:51.569 --> 00:42:54.154
say there is no evidence of
bullets

00:42:54.155 --> 00:42:58.284
from the direction where the
Panthers supposedly were to be.

00:42:58.910 --> 00:42:59.869
- I said that

00:42:59.870 --> 00:43:03.288
after our officers announced
their purpose

00:43:03.289 --> 00:43:06.000
and their station several times,

00:43:06.167 --> 00:43:08.336
they were fired upon from
within the room.

00:43:09.295 --> 00:43:11.796
- Hanrahan, a good Irishman like
that,

00:43:11.797 --> 00:43:14.466
I\'m on his side. [chuckles]

00:43:14.467 --> 00:43:15.468
Regardless.

00:43:16.177 --> 00:43:18.513
My kind of guy, that was the
thought.

00:43:19.764 --> 00:43:22.725
These are bad guys, they\'re
after us,

00:43:23.434 --> 00:43:26.395
they\'re hoodlums, and they\'re
fair game.

00:43:28.523 --> 00:43:29.899
- They knew exactly what they
were doing, you know.

00:43:30.274 --> 00:43:31.942
They weren\'t killing Fred
Hampton, you know.

00:43:31.943 --> 00:43:33.402
They were killing the whole
movement.

00:43:34.529 --> 00:43:38.115
[ethereal ambient music]

00:43:38.533 --> 00:43:40.534
- People were confused. There
was chaos.

00:43:40.535 --> 00:43:41.743
People didn\'t know which way to
go.

00:43:41.744 --> 00:43:44.455
People began to turn on each
other.

00:43:46.165 --> 00:43:48.667
And it forced us as an
organization

00:43:48.668 --> 00:43:50.878
to completely go underground.

00:43:51.170 --> 00:43:54.340
♪ ♪

00:43:54.507 --> 00:43:58.177
- If Cha Cha is underground,
Fred dead,

00:43:58.469 --> 00:44:01.389
they created the nexus.

00:44:02.723 --> 00:44:06.434
So it was a down time, man. It
was bad.

00:44:06.435 --> 00:44:09.813
[train creaking]

00:44:09.814 --> 00:44:14.193
♪ ♪

00:44:14.944 --> 00:44:17.238
- All of us had to go on our
own separate ways.

00:44:17.738 --> 00:44:21.617
♪ ♪

00:44:23.286 --> 00:44:25.579
I had gone back to my hometown

00:44:25.580 --> 00:44:27.873
and had gotten harassed there.

00:44:28.583 --> 00:44:30.710
They considered me to be a
communist.

00:44:32.753 --> 00:44:36.047
It always followed us around
everywhere we were.

00:44:36.048 --> 00:44:38.467
♪ ♪

00:44:38.759 --> 00:44:40.051
- Everybody was losing contact.

00:44:40.052 --> 00:44:42.763
Everybody was spreading all
over the country.

00:44:43.556 --> 00:44:45.975
A lot of areas were displaced,
you know, gentrified,

00:44:46.726 --> 00:44:47.560
so people had to move,

00:44:47.561 --> 00:44:50.354
so we lost contact for many
years.

00:44:51.314 --> 00:44:54.775
Bit by bit, we were regaining
some of the contacts back.

00:44:54.984 --> 00:44:58.154
♪ ♪

00:44:59.780 --> 00:45:01.574
- I talked to Bobby Lee.

00:45:02.199 --> 00:45:04.744
He was telling me that he just
doesn\'t feel very good.

00:45:05.953 --> 00:45:07.246
He called me... [sniffles]

00:45:08.414 --> 00:45:11.125
A couple of days and said he
had...

00:45:12.084 --> 00:45:13.127
cancer...

00:45:15.046 --> 00:45:17.840
and that he was...

00:45:19.300 --> 00:45:20.635
he\'s not gonna take any chemo.

00:45:22.553 --> 00:45:25.598
And that\'s why I knew I had to
come, you know, here.

00:45:26.474 --> 00:45:29.559
- How you doing, Mr. Panther?

00:45:29.560 --> 00:45:31.895
- Good to see you, my brother.
- Hy Thurman!

00:45:31.896 --> 00:45:33.147
- Yeah, you too.

00:45:33.814 --> 00:45:35.274
Man, it\'s good to see you.

00:45:36.150 --> 00:45:38.401
- Who would dream that you and I
would be together today?

00:45:38.402 --> 00:45:40.111
- Yeah, I don\'t know.

00:45:40.112 --> 00:45:43.282
And Cha Cha coming behind,
Rainbow Coalition Part 2.

00:45:44.033 --> 00:45:46.494
- Mr. Robert E. Lee, sir.
[laughs]

00:45:47.453 --> 00:45:48.703
- You know?

00:45:48.704 --> 00:45:50.414
Hey, brother. - Love and peace
to you, man.

00:45:51.374 --> 00:45:52.333
[chuckles]

00:45:52.334 --> 00:45:54.377
- All power to the people, man.

00:45:54.627 --> 00:45:56.044
- Oh, man. - This is it, oh,
yeah.

00:45:56.045 --> 00:45:58.838
- How Fred would say it, you can
kill a revolutionary

00:45:58.839 --> 00:46:01.175
but you can\'t kill a revolution.

00:46:02.259 --> 00:46:03.426
- And we\'re an example of that.

00:46:03.427 --> 00:46:05.345
Both: All power to the people.

00:46:05.346 --> 00:46:06.846
- Faiza. - Yeah?

00:46:06.847 --> 00:46:08.474
- These are the warriors. -
Mm-hmm.

00:46:09.475 --> 00:46:11.268
You know, they\'re in the room. -
Mm-hmm.

00:46:13.229 --> 00:46:13.979
- You know,

00:46:14.188 --> 00:46:17.233
you have white Panthers and you
have black Panthers.

00:46:17.400 --> 00:46:18.817
- You have Puerto Rican Panthers
too.

00:46:18.818 --> 00:46:20.152
They\'re just called Young Lords.

00:46:20.695 --> 00:46:22.862
- Yeah. - They\'re just a
subsidiary.

00:46:22.863 --> 00:46:23.905
[laughter]

00:46:23.906 --> 00:46:24.365
- That\'s right.

00:46:24.740 --> 00:46:27.325
- We didn\'t know that we were
gonna be lifelong friends,

00:46:27.326 --> 00:46:30.245
but we\'ve ended up being
lifelong friends.

00:46:30.246 --> 00:46:35.835
♪ ♪

00:46:37.378 --> 00:46:38.254
- We\'re leaving pretty soon.

00:46:38.255 --> 00:46:39.838
I just wanted to know,

00:46:39.839 --> 00:46:43.217
what do you want me and other
people to remember?

00:46:44.427 --> 00:46:47.053
- Just keep serving the people,
man.

00:46:47.054 --> 00:46:50.224
You know, for just three or four
hours a day,

00:46:52.435 --> 00:46:54.102
You know, like my mom would say,

00:46:54.103 --> 00:46:56.105
\"Save your own soul, son.

00:46:56.814 --> 00:46:58.649
Do something for somebody.\"

00:47:00.276 --> 00:47:02.820
And that\'s pretty much how
simple it is, man.

00:47:06.824 --> 00:47:10.201
- He didn\'t really see skin
color.

00:47:10.202 --> 00:47:11.828
He saw more of the people
inside,

00:47:11.829 --> 00:47:14.247
the power that people could have

00:47:14.248 --> 00:47:16.584
to unite and to love each other,

00:47:17.585 --> 00:47:19.170
and that\'s what he wanted.

00:47:20.588 --> 00:47:21.588
[deep ominous music]

00:47:21.589 --> 00:47:22.964
- It was a display of violence

00:47:22.965 --> 00:47:23.507
that caused a state of emergency

00:47:23.508 --> 00:47:25.634
to be issued in Virginia.

00:47:26.343 --> 00:47:28.803
- Now the same white
nationalist group plans

00:47:28.804 --> 00:47:31.514
to hold two rallies right here
in middle Tennessee.

00:47:31.515 --> 00:47:33.433
♪ ♪

00:47:33.434 --> 00:47:36.353
- This must be the area that
they\'re coming from over here.

00:47:36.687 --> 00:47:38.605
I think that\'s the checkpoint

00:47:38.606 --> 00:47:40.983
of the Nazis and the white
supremacists there.

00:47:44.653 --> 00:47:47.864
♪ ♪

00:47:47.865 --> 00:47:49.616
- Tell me what democracy looks
like!

00:47:49.617 --> 00:47:51.785
All: This is what democracy
looks like!

00:47:51.786 --> 00:47:53.369
- Tell me what diversity looks
like!

00:47:53.370 --> 00:47:55.246
All: This is what diversity
looks like!

00:47:55.247 --> 00:47:57.958
All: White lives matter! White
lives matter!

00:47:58.834 --> 00:47:59.876
- The Young Patriots in Chicago

00:47:59.877 --> 00:48:02.546
discontinued the use of the
Confederate flag.

00:48:04.048 --> 00:48:05.924
We got into the Rainbow
Coalition,

00:48:05.925 --> 00:48:07.884
we had to take a completely
different look

00:48:07.885 --> 00:48:09.804
at the meaning of that flag.

00:48:10.805 --> 00:48:12.722
After a point, we thought

00:48:12.723 --> 00:48:15.726
there\'s no use for that flag
here anymore.

00:48:16.519 --> 00:48:20.355
What that flag really stands
for is hate.

00:48:20.356 --> 00:48:24.025
[wind howling]

00:48:24.026 --> 00:48:25.944
♪ ♪

00:48:25.945 --> 00:48:29.657
[train clattering]

00:48:32.076 --> 00:48:36.789
- On December 4, 1972, I ended
up turning myself in,

00:48:37.373 --> 00:48:40.292
which was the date Fred Hampton
was killed.

00:48:41.293 --> 00:48:43.837
Intentionally turned myself in

00:48:43.838 --> 00:48:46.841
to let people know that the
reason I was coming back

00:48:47.424 --> 00:48:51.052
was to continue our movement,
the Rainbow Coalition.

00:48:51.053 --> 00:48:52.929
[heartening ambient music]

00:48:52.930 --> 00:48:54.639
- We didn\'t think that elections

00:48:54.640 --> 00:48:56.474
were gonna give us revolution,

00:48:56.475 --> 00:49:00.104
but we saw it as a tool to
continue the struggle.

00:49:01.105 --> 00:49:02.897
My campaign for alderman

00:49:02.898 --> 00:49:05.943
was used as an organizing
vehicle for change.

00:49:06.235 --> 00:49:08.236
♪ ♪

00:49:08.237 --> 00:49:09.988
- We did voter registration
drives.

00:49:09.989 --> 00:49:13.367
That was the first time that
many Latinos were voting.

00:49:15.077 --> 00:49:19.038
- Hanrahan, he was on the
ballot to run for reelection.

00:49:19.039 --> 00:49:20.623
♪ ♪

00:49:20.624 --> 00:49:22.417
Members of the Rainbow Coalition

00:49:22.418 --> 00:49:25.253
circulated petitions asking
for people

00:49:25.254 --> 00:49:27.255
to make a commitment of
conscience,

00:49:27.256 --> 00:49:30.842
to remember that he had been
behind the murder

00:49:30.843 --> 00:49:33.219
of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark.

00:49:33.220 --> 00:49:35.263
- The entire black community
revolted

00:49:35.264 --> 00:49:38.725
and voted for a Republican
state\'s attorney.

00:49:38.726 --> 00:49:41.728
- There\'s nothing I hate worse
than defeat, Bob,

00:49:41.729 --> 00:49:42.854
uh...

00:49:42.855 --> 00:49:45.607
but you can\'t, uh... you can\'t,
uh,

00:49:45.608 --> 00:49:48.276
roll over and cry.

00:49:48.277 --> 00:49:51.946
- That began a fracturing of
the grip

00:49:51.947 --> 00:49:55.575
that the machine held on the
community.

00:49:55.576 --> 00:49:58.077
It was the last of the big city
machines

00:49:58.078 --> 00:50:00.747
to be cracked in any way.

00:50:00.748 --> 00:50:03.374
- When the curtain comes down,

00:50:03.375 --> 00:50:05.293
and it\'s bound to someday,

00:50:05.294 --> 00:50:08.087
I\'ll just say I did the best I
could.

00:50:08.088 --> 00:50:11.633
[train creaking and clattering]

00:50:11.634 --> 00:50:14.802
♪ ♪

00:50:14.803 --> 00:50:17.597
- That concept of the Rainbow
Coalition,

00:50:17.598 --> 00:50:20.016
it brought a lot of people
together.

00:50:20.017 --> 00:50:23.353
The concept helped elect Harold
Washington

00:50:23.354 --> 00:50:24.604
mayor of Chicago.

00:50:24.605 --> 00:50:29.317
- Blacks, whites, Hispanics

00:50:29.318 --> 00:50:33.155
have joined hands to form a new
Democratic coalition.

00:50:33.864 --> 00:50:37.618
- The Rainbow Coalition, it
presented a possibility.

00:50:37.868 --> 00:50:41.413
You know, it gave us a vision
for what could be

00:50:42.498 --> 00:50:45.542
in terms of interracial
politics.

00:50:46.085 --> 00:50:49.253
- Our flag is red, white, and
blue,

00:50:49.254 --> 00:50:51.714
but our nation is rainbow.

00:50:51.715 --> 00:50:53.550
Red, yellow, brown, black, and
white.

00:50:53.676 --> 00:50:56.344
- They are the members of what
Jesse Jackson calls

00:50:56.345 --> 00:50:57.762
his Rainbow Coalition.

00:50:57.763 --> 00:51:01.809
- The idea of the rainbow, I
think that was a beautiful,

00:51:02.226 --> 00:51:05.395
beautiful notion of repudiating
racism,

00:51:05.396 --> 00:51:08.439
that groups could acknowledge
their common problems

00:51:08.440 --> 00:51:11.234
despite the huge legacy

00:51:11.235 --> 00:51:15.905
of racial antagonism and
racial hostility

00:51:15.906 --> 00:51:18.074
that existed in a place like
Chicago.

00:51:18.075 --> 00:51:19.075
It\'s phenomenal.

00:51:19.368 --> 00:51:23.413
- I think that the time will
come when the people themselves

00:51:23.414 --> 00:51:26.582
will take the power that belongs
to them

00:51:26.583 --> 00:51:27.625
into their hands and move.

00:51:27.626 --> 00:51:32.297
Racial profiling has to stop,
Mr. Speaker.

00:51:33.215 --> 00:51:36.801
Just because someone wears a
hoodie

00:51:36.802 --> 00:51:40.388
does not make them a hoodlum.

00:51:40.389 --> 00:51:44.308
- Barack Obama came to Chicago

00:51:44.309 --> 00:51:47.311
because he heard about the
rainbow politics

00:51:47.312 --> 00:51:49.063
and Harold Washington.

00:51:49.064 --> 00:51:50.106
♪ ♪

00:51:50.107 --> 00:51:53.068
- I think, at the time, we had
some romantic notion

00:51:54.570 --> 00:51:57.113
of what the revolution would be.

00:51:57.114 --> 00:51:58.699
Clearly that didn\'t happen,

00:51:59.158 --> 00:52:04.163
but that doesn\'t mean that we
didn\'t revolutionize society.

00:52:04.705 --> 00:52:08.207
It\'s still in the psychic
memory of people in Chicago.

00:52:08.208 --> 00:52:11.419
We still have the hope that we
can come back together

00:52:11.420 --> 00:52:13.838
and fight to change things.

00:52:13.839 --> 00:52:14.715
♪ ♪

00:52:14.716 --> 00:52:16.007
- They didn\'t beat us.

00:52:16.008 --> 00:52:17.676
I don\'t want nobody to think
that.

00:52:18.427 --> 00:52:19.719
They didn\'t beat us.

00:52:19.720 --> 00:52:21.722
We did what we set out to do.

00:52:22.181 --> 00:52:24.224
We made a better community.

00:52:25.309 --> 00:52:29.813
- The Rainbow Coalition gave
voice to the voiceless,

00:52:29.938 --> 00:52:34.860
and their activism demonstrated
that ordinary people

00:52:35.944 --> 00:52:38.863
can change society through
collective action.

00:52:38.864 --> 00:52:41.824
♪ ♪

00:52:41.825 --> 00:52:45.828
- Today many of the cities are
facing the same issues

00:52:45.829 --> 00:52:47.997
of housing, of police brutality,

00:52:47.998 --> 00:52:49.916
of poor health care.

00:52:49.917 --> 00:52:52.001
The Rainbow Coalition is
symbolic

00:52:52.002 --> 00:52:54.545
because we proved that it can
work,

00:52:54.546 --> 00:52:59.091
multiethnic people together
fighting for a common cause.

00:52:59.092 --> 00:53:04.014
- You\'re listening to WLPN-LP
Chicago, 105.5 FM.

00:53:05.307 --> 00:53:08.434
- You know, the whole concept of
coalition politics

00:53:08.435 --> 00:53:13.773
is what propelled us to another
level of consciousness.

00:53:13.774 --> 00:53:16.025
- Fred was saying, we didn\'t
start the movement.

00:53:16.026 --> 00:53:17.944
We\'re not gonna finish it.

00:53:17.945 --> 00:53:20.614
We\'re part of a protracted
struggle

00:53:20.697 --> 00:53:21.906
that\'s gonna continue on.

00:53:21.907 --> 00:53:22.449
- That\'s still going on, yeah.

00:53:22.450 --> 00:53:24.367
- And so we need to reenergize
ourselves

00:53:24.368 --> 00:53:26.244
and continue to struggle and go
forward.

00:53:26.245 --> 00:53:27.245
- Right on.

00:53:27.704 --> 00:53:30.123
- Bobby Lee, before he passed
away,

00:53:30.457 --> 00:53:31.833
he told me,

00:53:31.834 --> 00:53:33.836
\"If you don\'t know where to
start organizing,

00:53:35.838 --> 00:53:39.466
\"you walk to your front door and
you look in front of you,

00:53:40.843 --> 00:53:42.134
\"you look behind you,

00:53:42.135 --> 00:53:43.303
\"you look to the left, you look
to the right,

00:53:43.804 --> 00:53:45.264
and then you pick a direction.\"

00:53:51.186 --> 00:53:53.605
[train creaking]

00:53:55.274 --> 00:53:56.400
[dramatic music]

00:53:58.777 --> 00:54:00.777
♪ ♪