WEBVTT

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- [Voiceover] There is
a war against nature

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raging in the savannahs and
jungles of Africa and Asia

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in a greedy brutal battle
over a limited resource.

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- It's a war and we're losing it.

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- [Voiceover] Poaching
and wildlife trafficking

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have reached unprecedented dimensions.

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- Make a specialty for you.

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- [Voiceover] Ivory and rhino horns

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have become lucrative commodities.

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- Essentially this is the
dark side of globalization.

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- [Voiceover] Increasingly,
criminal networks

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and terrorists groups
use wildlife smuggling

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to fund their activities.

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(speaking in foreign language)

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- [Man] There's many people
that have a big interest

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in investing in extinction,

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and we have to prevent those people

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from wiping those species out.

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(dramatic music)

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- [Voiceover] This is Rukinga,

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a wildlife sanctuary in Southern Kenya.

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An elephant was slaughtered five days ago.

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Before we can see what has happened here,

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we can smell it.

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Three large bulls were all
killed in the same night.

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- Yeah, this is blood.

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I think they were shot
from somewhere there.

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- [Voiceover] This area
is visited regularly

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by gangs and poachers.

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- These are professionals.

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They are using sophisticated weapons.

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The people from around this area,

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they don't possess arms.

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These are people from outside.

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So, those ones completely
they are well-connected.

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Once they are done the activity,

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they have a destination
whereby they take the ivories

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and there is somebody
ready waiting for them.

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Yeah, the ivory is
taken then they go away.

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- [Voiceover] In 1900,
10 million elephants

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lived all over Africa.

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By 1989, that number
had dropped to 600,000.

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Now, there are around
470,000 wild elephants

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left in Africa.

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We are facing the greatest mass extinction

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since the era of the dinosaurs.

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In Kenya alone, 10 elephants
are killed everyday

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that we know of.

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It's believed the total is much higher.

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- Elephants really do represent something

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about our greatness.

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They are such a magnificent species.

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Losing them is something that
very few people could imagine.

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We take it for granted that
they will always be there.

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The fact that elephants are being poached

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at such a rapid rate is a
surprise to many, many people.

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- [Voiceover] An average
of 33,000 elephants

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are killed each year in
Africa for their ivory.

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That's one every 15 minutes.

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Here in Cameroon, 400 elephants
were killed in one night.

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A band of janjaweed rebels from Sudan

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slaughtered these animals

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using AK-47s and hand grenades.

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Central Africa has lost 65%
of its elephant population

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in the last decade.

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Forest elephants are on
the brink of extinction.

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If poaching continues at this pace,

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elephants could be gone from the wild

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in less than 15 years.

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Kruger National Park is the biggest

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wildlife reserve in South Africa.

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Home to the largest rhino
population on earth.

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The park rangers and forensics experts

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are going out to inspect the kill.

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A white rhino has been
hacked to death for his horn,

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the rangers claim by
poachers from Mozambique.

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- [Man] The front horn over
here, the back horn here.

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So, they went in deep into the skull.

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- [Voiceover] The rhino
has gunshot wounds.

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It's very likely the
animal was still alive

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when the poachers took his horn.

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- What the poachers also do,

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at the back is try to open it

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for the vultures and those to come in

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to move into the carcass
to destroy evidence.

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- [Voiceover] Kruger
National Park is a vast area,

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almost as big as Israel
and hard to control.

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Between one and two rhinos
are killed here every day.

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Poaching has hit a crisis point.

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Until 2007, fewer than 50
rhinos per year were poached.

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Since then, the numbers have exploded.

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In 2013, over 1,000.

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(gunshot)

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(speaking in foreign language)

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(rhino squeaks)

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The numbers continue to rise.

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This has led the park authorities
to take drastic measures.

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Rhinos are being relocated
from the Kruger Park

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to safer areas,

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further away from the Mozambican border.

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There's a ring of private
reserves around the park.

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Like Kruger, Manyeleti is
being hit hard by poachers.

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Loot Schultz runs a small bush
camp in Manyeleti Reserve.

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- It's escalating on a monthly basis.

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If you look at the figures,

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it goes up to 50 to 70%
every month, rhino death.

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And we don't seem to get to the (mumbles).

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It's a war and we're losing it.

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That's the bottom line.

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(pulsing music)

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- [Voiceover] The Manyeleti
rangers are constantly

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on the look out for poachers.

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It's not long until we find the remains

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of a female white rhino.

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- This is by amateurs.

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The damage alone, you see there

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where they hacked it here.

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If you get professionals,

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they take it off cleanly.

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Very often what happens
is they cut it so deep

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it impairs the breathing of the rhinos

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and they might still be alive.

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It impairs the breathing
and it smothers to death.

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Can't breathe anymore.

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It's a bad thing.

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- [Voiceover] The fence is
checked for signs of poachers.

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- You see the parting square there.

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They went out from here.

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You see where they put
their footsteps there.

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- [Voiceover] The ranger's job has become

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increasingly dangerous.

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We are at a spot where the rangers

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had a fire fight with poachers
just a couple of weeks ago.

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- Okay.

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Voiceover] Our question
whether he regrets

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having killed the poacher
seems rather strange to Sam.

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(laughs)

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Loot] For these people
that do the poaching,

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the rhino means nothing to them.

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It gives them no pleasure,

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it gives them no benefit,
it gives them nothing.

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They just see it, it's just
an animal so what means to it?

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But if I take that horn from that rhino

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I can buy myself a cellphone,

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I can buy myself a motor car,

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I can buy some presents for my girlfriend.

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That's what's important.

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(pulsing music)

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- [Voiceover] Johannesburg
investigative journalist,

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Julian Rademeyer has made it his mission

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to expose illegal trade in rhino horn.

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- This is the trade of line.

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Suddenly you begin to see this uptake

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from 2003 onwards.

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All of that seems to be
traced back to Vietnam.

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- [Voiceover] One of the
reasons for this spike

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is that South Africa is one of the

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few countries in the world

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where you can still get
a permit to trophy hunt.

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- You begin to see
Vietnamese names cropping up

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again and again,

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and initially it's a small blip,

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and then by 2008, 2009 it really picks up.

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By the end of 2009, 2010,

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the Vietnamese hunters dominates

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the trade in rhino horn trophies.

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So you had dozens and
eventually hundreds of horns

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going out from South Africa as trophies

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arriving in Vietnam not being
declared to Vietnamese customs

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and just vanishing.

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Two years ago, the Vietnamese government

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went and did a snap survey
of some of the hunters

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that had shot rhinos in South Africa

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and taken the trophies out.

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Very few of them still had the trophies.

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These were not trophy hunters.

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These are people coming in under
the guise of trophy hunting

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to try and get as much
rhino horn as possible.

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- [Voiceover] After decades of isolation,

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Vietnam opened its
economic doors to the world

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and has since experienced
an unprecedented boom

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in prosperity and population.

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(pulsing music)

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It has also become ground zero

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for the illegal international
trade in rhino horn.

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(traffic noise)

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Rhino horn was traditionally used

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to treat fever or headaches.

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Now it is being touted as a
miracle cure for fatal diseases.

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Julian] There was a myth
that started doing the rounds

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in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City about

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an army general at some time said,

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sometimes a senior politicians,

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sometimes a former prime minister,

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he was cured of cancer
by using rhino horn.

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- [Voiceover] Do Hoang is a well-known

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journalist in Vietnam.

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He has investigated the
illegal trade in rhino horn

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and says demand and
prices are skyrocketing.

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Voiceover] Hoang
promises to try to arrange

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a meeting with a rhino horn user.

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Days later, Do Hoai who sells
telecommunications devices

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agrees to meet us at his house.

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Hoai claims to have inherited
the piece from his father.

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Owning rhino horn is
not illegal in Vietnam,

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trading it is.

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Voiceover] Hoai
admits that he also uses

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the rhino horn for
himself and for friends.

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- [Hoai] (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Voiceover] Hoai's father had cancer.

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They believe drinking rhino
horn prolonged his life.

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Voiceover] So, they're
trying their best.

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- [Voiceover] But numerous
studies have proven

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that rhino has no curative qualities.

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Essentially, it's the same
material as your own fingernails.

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- [Hoai] It's the same stone.

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- (speaking in foreign language)

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- [Voiceover] There has
been an international ban

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on trading rhino horn
for the past 30 years

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and yet consumers still
manage to get a hold of it.

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We send in an experienced
undercover investigator

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posing as a wealthy Chinese buyer.

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She heads for Hanoi's medical street.

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Rhino horn used to be sold openly here.

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- (speaks in foreign language)

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- [Voiceover] Succumbing to
international pressure though,

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authorities have been cracking
down on illegal traders

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making shopkeepers very weary.

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The investigator tries another shop.

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Here she makes some headway.

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The owner says that he could

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get a rhino horn from Singapore.

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Our investigator moves on.

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Finally she gets lucky.

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- When we visit the store
and the store owner say,

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"Oh, we have just have a
guy who come in and out

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"quite frequently bring the stuff to us."

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So we asked him, "Can you
arrange us to meet this person

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"because we want to see of this
availability on rhino horn."

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- [Voiceover] Three days
later she gets a call

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and arranges to meet back at his shop,

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and she is asked to wait outside.

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Obviously she's being checked out.

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- [Investigator] We arrived and this

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dealer guy came over to the store.

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We meet in the back of the store

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then he told us how they change the color

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so they can get past the custom

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and can bring it into the country.

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- [Voiceover] Making
the horn look like wood

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is a common trick used by smugglers.

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The weight of both pieces
is nearly 500 grams.

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That's worth approximately
25,000 U.S. dollars.

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The dealer believes our
investigator is a serious buyer

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so he fetches a catalog full
of illegal wildlife products

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worth millions of dollars.

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- [Investigator] He's
part of the big network

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and know these things are very expensive

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at this moment in the market.

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He took such a great risk

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so he play quite important
role in this group

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and that in the group has
access those smuggling

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directly from both Asia and Africa.

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- [Voiceover] At 50,000
U.S. dollars per kilo,

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it would seem to be a commodity
only for the super rich.

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However, according to our
undercover investigator,

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that is not so.

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She was told this story by a shop owner

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whose mother was interested in selling

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a small piece of rhino horn she own.

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- [Investigator] She just say her mother

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being invited to this party.

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Everyone put in either $2,000

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when there is a rhino horn available

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and they were inviting
everyone to the party.

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So in front everybody's very eyes

00:17:36.342 --> 00:17:40.500
and they cut the rhino horn to pieces

00:17:40.500 --> 00:17:43.170
to give it to everyone.

00:17:43.170 --> 00:17:44.779
- [Voiceover] These buying parties

00:17:44.779 --> 00:17:47.942
are providing much more affordable prices

00:17:47.942 --> 00:17:51.520
and thus, wider access
to the illegal trade.

00:18:02.730 --> 00:18:05.760
Poaching has spread all over Africa.

00:18:06.471 --> 00:18:09.740
Despite thousands of
poachers having been killed,

00:18:09.740 --> 00:18:12.407
the profits keep luring them in.

00:18:12.407 --> 00:18:14.343
In this area of Northern Kenya,

00:18:14.343 --> 00:18:16.940
constant patrols are made
by the special ranger

00:18:16.940 --> 00:18:19.130
anti-poaching unit.

00:18:19.130 --> 00:18:21.340
This remote area is traditionally troubled

00:18:21.340 --> 00:18:24.960
by tribal conflict, drought and poaching.

00:18:25.980 --> 00:18:28.720
The border with Somalia is not far away.

00:18:29.500 --> 00:18:32.520
One of these rangers used
to be a poacher himself.

00:18:33.420 --> 00:18:36.201
Two years ago, Lotak changed sides.

00:18:37.260 --> 00:18:40.720
He claims to have killed 150 elephants.

00:18:41.660 --> 00:18:46.660
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:18:51.620 --> 00:18:54.660
- [Voiceover] Lotak used to
be the leader of the group.

00:18:54.660 --> 00:18:57.980
His job was to shoot the elephant.

00:18:57.980 --> 00:19:00.420
The others had to remove the tusks.

00:19:00.420 --> 00:19:05.420
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:19:28.032 --> 00:19:33.032
(speaks in foreign language)

00:19:37.703 --> 00:19:39.980
- [Voiceover] 15,000 Kenyan Shilling

00:19:39.980 --> 00:19:43.880
is about 160 U.S. dollars
for a kilo of ivory.

00:19:44.540 --> 00:19:46.780
Since Lotak dropped out,

00:19:46.780 --> 00:19:50.343
that price has gone up to $500.

00:19:50.343 --> 00:19:52.583
The value of a single tusk

00:19:52.583 --> 00:19:55.340
is worth 10 times the
average annual income

00:19:55.340 --> 00:19:57.520
in some African countries.

00:19:58.580 --> 00:20:01.220
- So long as the price of
ivory continues to rise

00:20:01.220 --> 00:20:03.503
then the incentive for those people

00:20:03.503 --> 00:20:06.289
in rural areas to poach
elephants will remain high.

00:20:08.300 --> 00:20:09.343
- [Voiceover] Poachers like Lotak

00:20:09.343 --> 00:20:11.620
don't have to search long for buyers.

00:20:12.404 --> 00:20:14.700
Thanks to globalization and investments

00:20:14.700 --> 00:20:18.060
in roads and infrastructure
by foreign nationals,

00:20:18.060 --> 00:20:20.656
once isolated regions in Africa

00:20:20.656 --> 00:20:22.945
will become easily accessible.

00:20:22.945 --> 00:20:25.460
- We see Chinese people
in Africa come over

00:20:25.460 --> 00:20:27.133
for construction work, working on roads

00:20:27.133 --> 00:20:28.789
and buildings and bridges.

00:20:28.789 --> 00:20:31.180
And they go back to
China with just one tusk,

00:20:31.180 --> 00:20:33.023
you know three kilos.

00:20:33.023 --> 00:20:35.265
In Africa it might cost them $100

00:20:35.265 --> 00:20:36.820
but they know that when they get to China

00:20:36.820 --> 00:20:39.740
it's already worth, you know, $6,000.

00:20:39.740 --> 00:20:42.460
And if they hang on to that
tusk for another two years,

00:20:42.460 --> 00:20:44.800
it could be worth $12,000.

00:20:51.232 --> 00:20:53.580
- [Voiceover] The highway
between Nairobi and Mombasa

00:20:53.580 --> 00:20:57.173
is one of the major
arteries of Eastern Africa.

00:20:57.173 --> 00:20:59.609
It is a well-known route
for trafficking network

00:20:59.609 --> 00:21:02.760
shifting contraband into this busy port.

00:21:04.420 --> 00:21:05.820
Numerous studies indicate

00:21:05.820 --> 00:21:09.093
that poachers rarely
operate on the road anymore.

00:21:09.093 --> 00:21:11.460
Organized crime attracted by the huge

00:21:11.460 --> 00:21:15.720
profit margins in wildlife
trafficking has taken over.

00:21:18.340 --> 00:21:20.700
About 2,500 containers are being shipped

00:21:20.700 --> 00:21:22.500
in and out of here each day

00:21:22.500 --> 00:21:24.940
to destinations all over the world,

00:21:24.940 --> 00:21:28.000
many contain illegal wildlife products.

00:21:28.690 --> 00:21:31.026
In Kenyan ports like Mombasa,

00:21:31.026 --> 00:21:33.940
large shipments totaling
nearly 10 tons of ivory

00:21:33.940 --> 00:21:36.720
were confiscated last year alone.

00:21:37.980 --> 00:21:41.940
But the confiscated ivory is
only the tip of the iceberg.

00:21:41.940 --> 00:21:45.727
INTERPOL estimates the actual
amount of smuggled ivory

00:21:45.727 --> 00:21:47.840
to be 10 times higher.

00:21:49.267 --> 00:21:51.540
More than half of all seized ivory loads

00:21:51.540 --> 00:21:54.680
were destined for China.

00:22:04.130 --> 00:22:06.607
China's 1.3 billion citizens

00:22:06.607 --> 00:22:08.340
have experienced an unequal

00:22:08.340 --> 00:22:10.880
economic rise in the last decade.

00:22:12.340 --> 00:22:15.660
Guangzhou is the boom town of China.

00:22:15.660 --> 00:22:17.487
The city of 12 million has the country's

00:22:17.487 --> 00:22:19.940
highest per capita number of millionaires

00:22:19.940 --> 00:22:21.920
and multimillionaires.

00:22:23.100 --> 00:22:26.847
Guangzhou has a long
tradition of trading ivory.

00:22:26.847 --> 00:22:29.180
Today, the demand comes
from the newly rich

00:22:29.180 --> 00:22:31.360
who want to show off their wealth.

00:22:32.152 --> 00:22:35.558
After the global economic crisis in 2008,

00:22:35.558 --> 00:22:37.700
many rich Chinese decided to invest

00:22:37.700 --> 00:22:40.158
heavily in more traditional things.

00:22:40.158 --> 00:22:43.280
Things like artwork and wildlife products.

00:22:44.500 --> 00:22:47.540
Ivory and rhino horn have become popular

00:22:47.540 --> 00:22:49.680
investment instruments.

00:22:50.780 --> 00:22:53.020
After months of investigation,

00:22:53.020 --> 00:22:55.423
we finally meet one of the buyers.

00:22:55.423 --> 00:22:57.456
Frank An curates the art collection

00:22:57.456 --> 00:23:01.260
of one of the new rich in Chinese society.

00:23:01.260 --> 00:23:04.080
He likes to spend on beautiful things.

00:23:05.780 --> 00:23:08.100
- It's the old ivory.

00:23:08.100 --> 00:23:11.158
It's done in Beijing from the master.

00:23:11.158 --> 00:23:14.580
The lotus is kind of symbol in Buddhism

00:23:14.580 --> 00:23:18.300
because it grow up from
the mud under the water,

00:23:18.300 --> 00:23:20.665
then when it comes out it's very clean,

00:23:20.665 --> 00:23:22.278
it's very purified.

00:23:22.278 --> 00:23:25.782
- [Voiceover] This collection
is worth millions of dollars.

00:23:25.782 --> 00:23:28.260
It's the rhino's horn, yeah.

00:23:28.260 --> 00:23:29.540
- How would you drink?

00:23:29.540 --> 00:23:30.380
Okay.
- [Frank] Like this.

00:23:30.380 --> 00:23:32.340
It's for drinking.

00:23:32.340 --> 00:23:35.340
The head of the tribes,

00:23:35.340 --> 00:23:37.020
what we need to show off

00:23:37.020 --> 00:23:39.620
to other competitors, I'm powerful.

00:23:41.588 --> 00:23:45.646
Why people wants to
marry a beautiful woman

00:23:45.646 --> 00:23:48.260
but not an ugly girl.

00:23:48.260 --> 00:23:50.060
That's how (mumbles) feels.

00:23:50.060 --> 00:23:53.420
People always kill
those dangerous animals.

00:23:53.420 --> 00:23:57.180
They never feel proud to kill a chicken.

00:23:57.180 --> 00:23:58.820
We are very lucky.

00:23:58.820 --> 00:24:02.720
Our ancestors wins in the long trip.

00:24:03.576 --> 00:24:06.860
If you win, you take everything

00:24:06.860 --> 00:24:09.541
so we have the right to do

00:24:09.541 --> 00:24:13.180
something unfair to the animals.

00:24:13.180 --> 00:24:16.220
- [Voiceover] Mr. An's views
may be offensive to many

00:24:16.220 --> 00:24:19.140
but he's acting perfectly legally.

00:24:19.140 --> 00:24:22.380
The Chinese government controls
the legal trade in ivory

00:24:22.380 --> 00:24:25.106
from stockpiles it owns.

00:24:25.106 --> 00:24:28.130
All ivory products should
come with an ID card

00:24:28.130 --> 00:24:30.320
confirming the legal origin.

00:24:31.820 --> 00:24:33.500
The government also runs and supplies

00:24:33.500 --> 00:24:36.220
the commercial carving industry.

00:24:36.220 --> 00:24:38.700
37 industrialized carving factories

00:24:38.700 --> 00:24:43.000
share the five tons dispersed
by the authorities each year.

00:24:44.376 --> 00:24:47.580
78-year old Pan Chuju is the master carver

00:24:47.580 --> 00:24:49.400
at Daijin Factory.

00:24:50.180 --> 00:24:55.080
- [Pan] (speaks in foreign language)

00:25:04.020 --> 00:25:05.220
- [Voiceover] He's worried that ivory

00:25:05.220 --> 00:25:07.340
will be completely banned.

00:25:07.340 --> 00:25:12.340
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:25:30.540 --> 00:25:32.540
- [Voiceover] In fact,
there was a prohibition

00:25:32.540 --> 00:25:35.652
of ivory products 25 years ago.

00:25:35.652 --> 00:25:39.752
In 1989 after a dramatic rise in poaching,

00:25:39.752 --> 00:25:43.463
all international trade
in ivory was banned.

00:25:43.463 --> 00:25:45.367
The effect was striking.

00:25:45.367 --> 00:25:46.820
- When the ivory trade was banned,

00:25:46.820 --> 00:25:47.820
the price of ivory collapsed

00:25:47.820 --> 00:25:49.958
from about $200 per kilograms down to,

00:25:49.958 --> 00:25:52.173
I don't know about $50 per kilogram,

00:25:52.173 --> 00:25:55.080
and poaching more or less
disappeared all across Africa.

00:25:55.958 --> 00:26:00.048
- [Voiceover] Elephant
populations immediately recovered.

00:26:00.048 --> 00:26:02.540
But then Japan and
later China were granted

00:26:02.540 --> 00:26:04.460
singular purchases of ivory

00:26:04.460 --> 00:26:07.740
from the stockpiles of
several African countries.

00:26:07.740 --> 00:26:11.490
150 tons of ivory flooded onto the market.

00:26:11.490 --> 00:26:13.856
The appetite for ivory was revived

00:26:13.856 --> 00:26:16.220
and the carving industry flourished again,

00:26:16.220 --> 00:26:17.736
but this time it was different.

00:26:17.736 --> 00:26:21.580
- In the old days it
would take several masters

00:26:21.580 --> 00:26:25.540
a few years to carve one carved,

00:26:25.540 --> 00:26:27.780
you know, elaborate carving.

00:26:27.780 --> 00:26:32.220
But today in the carving
factories, it's dental drills.

00:26:32.220 --> 00:26:34.610
People use dental drills.

00:26:34.610 --> 00:26:38.000
This type of industrialization

00:26:38.000 --> 00:26:40.640
of ivory carving,

00:26:41.540 --> 00:26:44.660
this is what's going to kill elephants.

00:26:44.660 --> 00:26:46.503
- [Voiceover] Carving factories claim

00:26:46.503 --> 00:26:48.832
that all of their ivory is legal.

00:26:48.832 --> 00:26:52.500
But if the government only
supplies five tons a year,

00:26:52.500 --> 00:26:54.560
the numbers just don't add up.

00:26:55.247 --> 00:26:59.740
- If it's equally distributed
among 37 carving factories,

00:26:59.740 --> 00:27:04.260
each carving factory gets
a couple hundred kilograms.

00:27:04.260 --> 00:27:07.875
And if you look at the size and the scale

00:27:07.875 --> 00:27:11.740
how many people working
in the carving factory,

00:27:11.740 --> 00:27:14.383
you'll figure out that,

00:27:14.383 --> 00:27:16.380
you know, how much this carving factory

00:27:16.380 --> 00:27:18.760
had to use illegal ivory.

00:27:23.540 --> 00:27:24.980
- [Voiceover] Again,
we rig our investigator

00:27:24.980 --> 00:27:27.740
with a hidden camera and send
her out to speak with carvers

00:27:27.740 --> 00:27:30.280
to find out where they're
getting their ivory.

00:27:31.312 --> 00:27:33.900
Her target area is a mall in Guangzhou,

00:27:33.900 --> 00:27:36.560
well-known for its ivory (mumbles).

00:27:38.185 --> 00:27:40.460
As cover, the investigator
tells the shop owners

00:27:40.460 --> 00:27:43.680
that she has a piece that
she'd like to have carved.

00:27:45.220 --> 00:27:48.593
Finally, the carver agrees
to see her at his home.

00:27:49.743 --> 00:27:51.072
The carver has learned his craft

00:27:51.072 --> 00:27:53.940
from a master carver in Hong Kong.

00:27:53.940 --> 00:27:57.395
Now he has 20 apprentices in his workshop.

00:27:57.395 --> 00:28:00.360
His business is approved
by the government.

00:28:01.721 --> 00:28:04.816
Investigator manages to win his trust.

00:28:04.816 --> 00:28:06.620
He is proud of his craft

00:28:06.620 --> 00:28:09.100
and frankly admits that he specializes

00:28:09.100 --> 00:28:11.440
in making fake antiques.

00:28:12.940 --> 00:28:17.940
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:28:27.438 --> 00:28:28.660
- [Voiceover] The carver also says

00:28:28.660 --> 00:28:31.140
that controls on these products are tight

00:28:31.140 --> 00:28:32.905
but he knows people in Fujian province

00:28:32.905 --> 00:28:36.340
who traffic illegal ivory and rhino horn.

00:28:36.340 --> 00:28:41.040
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:28:46.167 --> 00:28:48.100
- [Voiceover] Our investigator also asks

00:28:48.100 --> 00:28:50.180
about carved rhino horn.

00:28:50.825 --> 00:28:55.825
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:29:00.341 --> 00:29:01.943
- [Voiceover] It is estimated that 90%

00:29:01.943 --> 00:29:05.020
of ivory trade in China is illegal.

00:29:05.020 --> 00:29:08.680
The legal trade however
provides the perfect cover.

00:29:09.740 --> 00:29:12.103
- So currently, China
allows five tons of ivory

00:29:12.103 --> 00:29:13.980
to be sold legally every year.

00:29:13.980 --> 00:29:17.341
The government's estimate for
demand is 200 tons a year.

00:29:17.341 --> 00:29:19.949
So, this isn't meeting the supply,

00:29:19.949 --> 00:29:21.340
it's not meeting that demand

00:29:21.340 --> 00:29:23.102
but what it's doing is
it's giving the public

00:29:23.102 --> 00:29:24.340
a very confused message.

00:29:24.340 --> 00:29:26.859
Nobody knows what's legal,
nobody knows what's illegal.

00:29:26.859 --> 00:29:29.060
The big thing we found previously was that

00:29:29.060 --> 00:29:30.900
the trade has used illegal trade

00:29:30.900 --> 00:29:33.040
to launder illegal ivory.

00:29:34.820 --> 00:29:36.460
- [Voiceover] The forestry
police are charged

00:29:36.460 --> 00:29:38.740
with the increasingly impossibly task

00:29:38.740 --> 00:29:41.241
of controlling the illegal market.

00:29:42.226 --> 00:29:45.280
We have the rare opportunity
to film a raid with them.

00:29:46.503 --> 00:29:48.780
This is a market in Beijing.

00:29:48.780 --> 00:29:51.952
Many wildlife products
are sold and bought here

00:29:51.952 --> 00:29:54.145
but it is small pickings by any standard

00:29:54.145 --> 00:29:56.040
of the illegal trade.

00:29:57.540 --> 00:30:00.200
- (speaking in foreign language)

00:30:00.740 --> 00:30:02.060
- [Voiceover] This dealer tries to explain

00:30:02.060 --> 00:30:05.360
his products are carved
from mammoth not ivory.

00:30:06.186 --> 00:30:08.860
But the officers don't believe him.

00:30:08.860 --> 00:30:12.407
The dealer shows his ID
cards to the police officers.

00:30:12.407 --> 00:30:13.638
They confiscate his goods

00:30:13.638 --> 00:30:15.983
and take him in for further question,

00:30:15.983 --> 00:30:18.186
but he was telling the truth.

00:30:18.186 --> 00:30:19.840
He was later released.

00:30:21.426 --> 00:30:24.780
This woman also claimed
to sell mammoth ivory

00:30:24.780 --> 00:30:26.552
but the texture of the material

00:30:26.552 --> 00:30:28.760
tells the officer otherwise.

00:30:30.740 --> 00:30:34.420
- It also makes it very
difficult to enforce.

00:30:34.420 --> 00:30:37.861
Forestry police and customs officers

00:30:37.861 --> 00:30:40.980
sometimes complain that this system

00:30:40.980 --> 00:30:43.220
makes it very difficult for them

00:30:43.220 --> 00:30:46.840
to distinguish what's
illegal and what's legal.

00:30:49.850 --> 00:30:52.379
- [Voiceover] This small
shopkeeper was later charged

00:30:52.379 --> 00:30:54.340
with selling illegal ivory

00:30:54.340 --> 00:30:57.440
and now faces five to 10 years in jail.

00:31:06.346 --> 00:31:09.140
The overwhelming amount of carved ivory

00:31:09.140 --> 00:31:11.180
for sale in shops or markets,

00:31:11.180 --> 00:31:13.140
whether illegal or not

00:31:13.140 --> 00:31:15.541
is still only a fraction
of the vast amount

00:31:15.541 --> 00:31:20.260
of raw ivory estimated to
reach China week after week.

00:31:20.260 --> 00:31:24.620
- If literally, tens and
tens of tons of ivory

00:31:24.620 --> 00:31:29.060
is reaching China, where is it going?

00:31:29.060 --> 00:31:31.260
Those tusks are going somewhere

00:31:31.260 --> 00:31:33.318
in either China or neighboring countries

00:31:33.318 --> 00:31:35.380
and they are just sitting there,

00:31:35.380 --> 00:31:38.140
and they're waiting for the time when

00:31:38.140 --> 00:31:42.010
they will be worth literally a fortune.

00:31:42.010 --> 00:31:45.180
- Where it's going is the
people that are investing

00:31:45.180 --> 00:31:47.801
in the extinction of Africa's elephants.

00:31:47.801 --> 00:31:50.100
And they think that's
a very smart investment

00:31:50.100 --> 00:31:52.260
because they believe there will never be

00:31:52.260 --> 00:31:54.740
anymore elephants or any more rhinos

00:31:54.740 --> 00:31:56.020
than there are now,

00:31:56.020 --> 00:31:59.362
which will mean their investments
will increase in value.

00:31:59.930 --> 00:32:02.860
- [Voiceover] The grim reality
is that elephants and rhinos

00:32:02.860 --> 00:32:05.107
are trapped in a deadly spiral

00:32:05.107 --> 00:32:08.320
driven by the merciless
laws of the free market.

00:32:10.900 --> 00:32:12.980
Wildlife trade has become big business

00:32:12.980 --> 00:32:15.207
for organized crime.

00:32:15.207 --> 00:32:17.541
Only they can provide
the money and logistics

00:32:17.541 --> 00:32:20.140
to shift hundreds and thousands of tons

00:32:20.140 --> 00:32:22.013
of contraband around the globe.

00:32:22.013 --> 00:32:26.180
(dramatic music)

00:32:26.180 --> 00:32:28.820
- Some of the networks that exist

00:32:28.820 --> 00:32:31.044
are highly specialized.

00:32:31.044 --> 00:32:35.460
But there are, you know,
existing, well-established,

00:32:35.460 --> 00:32:38.580
long-established criminal
networks and groups.

00:32:38.580 --> 00:32:42.940
This simply turn to particular activity

00:32:42.940 --> 00:32:45.320
because it is profitable.

00:32:47.500 --> 00:32:51.180
- [Voiceover] In fact, after
the trade in drugs and weapons,

00:32:51.180 --> 00:32:53.020
wildlife trafficking has become

00:32:53.020 --> 00:32:56.136
the most lucrative black market business.

00:32:56.136 --> 00:33:00.860
It's estimated to be worth
$20 billion annually.

00:33:00.860 --> 00:33:03.020
- [John] Wildlife crime
is an attractive one

00:33:03.020 --> 00:33:06.829
because the risks of getting
caught are pretty small.

00:33:06.829 --> 00:33:09.527
And then if you do get caught

00:33:09.527 --> 00:33:11.260
then in many countries in the world,

00:33:11.260 --> 00:33:15.023
the penalty is going to be small.

00:33:15.023 --> 00:33:18.660
But the profits depending
on what you're dealing in,

00:33:18.660 --> 00:33:20.020
you're gonna get more from them

00:33:20.020 --> 00:33:22.480
than you are smuggling cocaine or heroin.

00:33:23.420 --> 00:33:26.100
- [Voiceover] Low risks and high profits.

00:33:26.100 --> 00:33:28.340
It's no surprise then
that wildlife trafficking

00:33:28.340 --> 00:33:31.952
has caught the attention
of other groups as well.

00:33:31.952 --> 00:33:34.020
African rebel groups including Uganda's

00:33:34.020 --> 00:33:36.060
Lord's Resistance Army are known

00:33:36.060 --> 00:33:38.180
to finance their activities in part

00:33:38.180 --> 00:33:40.120
by trafficking ivory.

00:33:47.700 --> 00:33:49.300
Somalia's Al-Shabaab Militia

00:33:49.300 --> 00:33:51.740
also dabbles in ivory trafficking

00:33:51.740 --> 00:33:54.240
especially in neighboring Kenya.

00:33:55.032 --> 00:33:57.140
- [Thomas] Al-Shabaab
definitely plays a role

00:33:57.140 --> 00:33:59.140
in the ivory trade.

00:33:59.140 --> 00:34:00.660
We know certainly that Al-Shabaab

00:34:00.660 --> 00:34:03.100
taxes elephant ivory that
comes across the border

00:34:03.100 --> 00:34:06.460
into Somalia and then
goes into Somali ports

00:34:06.460 --> 00:34:08.552
Mogadishu, Kismayo and Barawe.

00:34:08.552 --> 00:34:12.060
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:34:12.060 --> 00:34:13.500
- [Voiceover] Ivory
profits are said to fund

00:34:13.500 --> 00:34:17.300
as much 40% of Al-Shabaab's activities.

00:34:17.300 --> 00:34:19.580
If true that means that during its attack

00:34:19.580 --> 00:34:22.383
on Nairobi's Westgate Mall two years ago,

00:34:22.383 --> 00:34:25.519
27 of the 67 people killed

00:34:25.519 --> 00:34:27.840
were killed by blood ivory money.

00:34:28.506 --> 00:34:30.300
- If I'm a rebel, if I'm a terrorist

00:34:30.300 --> 00:34:33.740
and I'm located in Eastern
Africa or Central Africa,

00:34:33.740 --> 00:34:35.781
and I look around me and I said, right,

00:34:35.781 --> 00:34:39.940
I need money to go out and buy more AK-47s

00:34:39.940 --> 00:34:42.620
or to buy Samtechs or whatever.

00:34:42.620 --> 00:34:45.460
It's not long before my focus

00:34:45.460 --> 00:34:48.220
is gonna drop upon this large creature

00:34:48.220 --> 00:34:50.940
with big gray ears and
these two white things

00:34:50.940 --> 00:34:53.447
that stick out of the front of its face.

00:34:53.447 --> 00:34:55.740
Which apparently, the people in Asia

00:34:55.740 --> 00:34:58.780
are willing to pay a lot of money for.

00:34:58.780 --> 00:35:00.500
- [Voiceover] It's not
only criminal cartels,

00:35:00.500 --> 00:35:02.303
terrorist groups and rebel militia

00:35:02.303 --> 00:35:05.387
that are making millions
from wildlife trafficking.

00:35:05.387 --> 00:35:09.700
Kenya is fourth on the
worldwide corruption ladder.

00:35:09.700 --> 00:35:11.980
- There's no way a container load of ivory

00:35:11.980 --> 00:35:15.180
can pass through Kenya's
international border

00:35:15.180 --> 00:35:18.060
with Uganda, come down
the Kenyan highways,

00:35:18.060 --> 00:35:19.180
and reach the port of Mombasa

00:35:19.180 --> 00:35:21.140
and get onto a ship and go to China.

00:35:21.140 --> 00:35:22.700
It cannot happen unless
there is corruption

00:35:22.700 --> 00:35:24.320
down that entire chain.

00:35:25.100 --> 00:35:26.580
The people who are at the highest level

00:35:26.580 --> 00:35:30.540
of these cartels in Kenya
are very well-connected

00:35:30.540 --> 00:35:32.940
politically, economically with the police,

00:35:32.940 --> 00:35:35.580
maybe with the customs authorities,

00:35:35.580 --> 00:35:37.506
with the ports authorities.

00:35:37.506 --> 00:35:39.620
And so they are probably involved

00:35:39.620 --> 00:35:41.500
in many other elicit activities.

00:35:41.500 --> 00:35:42.463
It's not just ivory.

00:35:42.463 --> 00:35:45.580
Ivory is just one of the
things that they're doing.

00:35:45.580 --> 00:35:47.980
And so they have people who protect them.

00:35:47.980 --> 00:35:49.540
- [Voiceover] Worldwide, many poachers

00:35:49.540 --> 00:35:52.280
and smaller dealers have been arrested.

00:35:52.967 --> 00:35:54.850
- [John] We're picking off the small fry,

00:35:54.850 --> 00:35:56.380
we're not getting the big fish.

00:35:56.380 --> 00:35:58.140
That's because we're not taking the tank

00:35:58.140 --> 00:36:02.069
to try and identify who the big fish are.

00:36:02.069 --> 00:36:06.500
If you think of the number
of specific agencies

00:36:06.500 --> 00:36:08.781
or police customs officials,

00:36:08.781 --> 00:36:11.940
drugs courts that are dedicated everyday

00:36:11.940 --> 00:36:15.235
to try to combat drug
trafficking around the world,

00:36:15.235 --> 00:36:17.780
you know, the numbers
must run into the tens

00:36:17.780 --> 00:36:19.980
if not hundreds of thousands.

00:36:19.980 --> 00:36:22.300
How many officers around the world

00:36:22.300 --> 00:36:24.588
are dedicated to try to combat

00:36:24.588 --> 00:36:27.832
or identify wildlife traffickers.

00:36:27.832 --> 00:36:29.547
Very, very few.

00:36:29.547 --> 00:36:31.380
- [Julian] We're not dealing
with dismantling the networks

00:36:31.380 --> 00:36:32.900
in an international level.

00:36:32.900 --> 00:36:34.180
And even the international agencies

00:36:34.180 --> 00:36:36.140
like INTERPOL, like the societies,

00:36:36.140 --> 00:36:38.002
they don't have the
powers to deal with that.

00:36:38.002 --> 00:36:41.032
INTERPOL is reliant on local police

00:36:41.032 --> 00:36:44.450
and INTERPOL officers in the
countries where they're best.

00:36:44.450 --> 00:36:45.660
And time and time again,

00:36:45.660 --> 00:36:47.341
any efforts they make to crack down

00:36:47.341 --> 00:36:49.620
on crime buzzes in places like Vietnam

00:36:49.620 --> 00:36:52.980
get scarpered because of
leaks in the police force.

00:36:52.980 --> 00:36:54.660
- [Voiceover] It's
journalist Julian Rademeyer

00:36:54.660 --> 00:36:56.460
who has succeeded world organization

00:36:56.460 --> 00:36:59.340
like INTERPOL have so far failed,

00:36:59.340 --> 00:37:02.660
dismantling a major trafficking network.

00:37:02.660 --> 00:37:04.500
This video obtained by Rademeyer

00:37:04.500 --> 00:37:07.100
was shot by Chumlong Lemtongthai,

00:37:07.100 --> 00:37:10.100
a Thai national who is
identified as a major setup man

00:37:10.100 --> 00:37:13.580
for an illegal Vietnamese trophy hunter.

00:37:13.580 --> 00:37:15.100
- Eventually you have criminal syndicates

00:37:15.100 --> 00:37:17.340
with links to Laos

00:37:17.340 --> 00:37:18.822
who were trying to line up hunters

00:37:18.822 --> 00:37:20.460
to take part in illegal hunts.

00:37:20.460 --> 00:37:23.261
And they found a plan
ciphering game form owner

00:37:23.261 --> 00:37:25.261
and hunting outfitter.

00:37:25.261 --> 00:37:27.940
And they then went around to Brussels

00:37:27.940 --> 00:37:30.340
and strip clubs around
Johannesburg and Pretoria,

00:37:30.340 --> 00:37:32.180
and started recruiting young women

00:37:32.180 --> 00:37:34.460
who'd be in traffic
(mumbles) in the sex trade,

00:37:34.460 --> 00:37:35.478
young Thai woman.

00:37:35.478 --> 00:37:36.903
And suddenly you have large numbers

00:37:36.903 --> 00:37:40.020
of Vietnamese and Thai
women shooting rhinos.

00:37:40.020 --> 00:37:42.758
- [Voiceover] Lemtongthai is
now serving a 30-year sentence

00:37:42.758 --> 00:37:45.173
in a South African jail.

00:37:45.173 --> 00:37:48.780
Rademeyer also traced
him back to his client.

00:37:48.780 --> 00:37:51.863
- He was the lieutenant
for the (mumbles) kingpin,

00:37:51.863 --> 00:37:53.820
the man called Vixay Keosavang.

00:37:53.820 --> 00:37:57.380
The U.S. State Department
have a put a $1 million bounty

00:37:57.380 --> 00:37:58.980
for Keosavang's arrest

00:37:58.980 --> 00:38:00.220
but he's still in business

00:38:00.220 --> 00:38:02.620
and completely and utterly untouchable.

00:38:02.620 --> 00:38:04.340
The Loatian government won't touch him.

00:38:05.063 --> 00:38:08.640
No one else has ever
been able to nail him.

00:38:17.404 --> 00:38:18.798
- [Voiceover] In South Africa,

00:38:18.798 --> 00:38:20.940
Rhino farmers are lobbying hard

00:38:20.940 --> 00:38:23.760
for the legalization of
the rhino horn trade.

00:38:25.740 --> 00:38:27.500
This property belongs
to one of the biggest

00:38:27.500 --> 00:38:29.800
rhino farmers in South Africa.

00:38:32.382 --> 00:38:34.940
John Hume who made a fortune in tourism

00:38:34.940 --> 00:38:36.967
turned to breeding rhinos.

00:38:36.967 --> 00:38:40.185
He has over 1,000 on his farms.

00:38:40.185 --> 00:38:42.540
But surprisingly, he
is one of the strongest

00:38:42.540 --> 00:38:44.760
advocates for legalization.

00:38:47.107 --> 00:38:50.640
To protect his herd, he
employs a private ranger army.

00:38:51.580 --> 00:38:54.800
Still, poachers find their way in.

00:38:57.180 --> 00:38:58.792
- [John] She was a young calf.

00:38:58.792 --> 00:39:03.446
Pregnant but all of the breeding
lives still ahead of her.

00:39:03.446 --> 00:39:06.420
And when you lose an
adult female like this,

00:39:06.420 --> 00:39:09.860
it's devastating for the
species into the future.

00:39:09.860 --> 00:39:12.260
It's exactly what we don't want

00:39:12.260 --> 00:39:16.200
and it's exactly what our
policies are creating.

00:39:16.866 --> 00:39:18.540
- [Voiceover] In John Hume's view,

00:39:18.540 --> 00:39:22.020
animal conservationists who
oppose the legalization of trade

00:39:22.020 --> 00:39:24.380
are as bad as poachers.

00:39:24.380 --> 00:39:27.540
- They may as well be pulling
the trigger themselves

00:39:27.540 --> 00:39:31.100
because the anti-traders are stopping us

00:39:31.100 --> 00:39:33.220
fighting this effectively.

00:39:33.220 --> 00:39:37.232
Therefore, they are just
the same as the poachers.

00:39:37.232 --> 00:39:39.320
They're the killers of my rhino.

00:39:42.601 --> 00:39:44.872
- [Voiceover] Although
Hume's black and white rhinos

00:39:44.872 --> 00:39:46.860
roam in a vast area,

00:39:46.860 --> 00:39:48.980
they are being partially domesticated

00:39:48.980 --> 00:39:51.519
with medical care and additional feeding.

00:39:53.500 --> 00:39:57.140
Hume considers himself
not only a businessman

00:39:57.140 --> 00:39:59.280
but also a conservationist.

00:40:01.420 --> 00:40:04.687
- Unfortunate, I am labeled

00:40:04.687 --> 00:40:08.032
as being in it only for the money.

00:40:08.032 --> 00:40:10.580
But I breed rhinos

00:40:10.580 --> 00:40:14.180
and if I were to make money
out of breeding rhinos

00:40:14.180 --> 00:40:15.460
which I do not,

00:40:15.460 --> 00:40:17.180
but if I were selling the horn

00:40:17.180 --> 00:40:20.220
and I was to make money
out of breeding rhinos,

00:40:20.220 --> 00:40:23.740
there will be hundreds of other people

00:40:23.740 --> 00:40:25.856
who want to breed rhinos.

00:40:25.856 --> 00:40:27.540
- [Voiceover] To protect his rhinos,

00:40:27.540 --> 00:40:29.940
Hume regularly dehorns them

00:40:29.940 --> 00:40:31.820
but doesn't destroy the pieces.

00:40:31.820 --> 00:40:34.400
He stores them in a high security volt.

00:40:35.140 --> 00:40:36.860
- The legalization of trade

00:40:36.860 --> 00:40:40.260
will not stop the poaching as such,

00:40:40.260 --> 00:40:42.860
but at the moment we've closed our doors.

00:40:42.860 --> 00:40:45.342
We have said to the demand,

00:40:45.342 --> 00:40:47.340
don't mind what we want to call them.

00:40:47.340 --> 00:40:50.460
Syndicates, users, whatever.

00:40:50.460 --> 00:40:51.740
We've said to the demand,

00:40:51.740 --> 00:40:56.100
we will not sell you
one kilo of rhino horn.

00:40:56.100 --> 00:40:58.140
Not one, go away.

00:40:58.140 --> 00:40:59.100
So what do they do?

00:40:59.100 --> 00:41:00.340
They said, "Okay, we'll go away.

00:41:00.340 --> 00:41:01.807
"We'll deal with the poacher."

00:41:01.807 --> 00:41:04.740
Now if you have legalization
then that will be different.

00:41:04.740 --> 00:41:07.980
At least we will compete
against the poacher.

00:41:07.980 --> 00:41:10.697
So, to me it's really...

00:41:10.697 --> 00:41:12.598
It's a stupid thing

00:41:12.598 --> 00:41:16.180
and it's similar to the
bootlegging we had in America.

00:41:16.180 --> 00:41:18.500
The banning of booze in America

00:41:18.500 --> 00:41:22.060
only made certain people rich.

00:41:22.060 --> 00:41:25.000
And it didn't work as
we know, it didn't work.

00:41:26.780 --> 00:41:30.100
- [Voiceover] However, most of
wildlife trade experts agree

00:41:30.100 --> 00:41:33.580
there is no sound economic
model for legalization

00:41:33.580 --> 00:41:37.320
and it is simply too much
of a risk to test it.

00:41:40.060 --> 00:41:43.280
- You know there is 1.3 billion Chinese.

00:41:44.380 --> 00:41:48.900
10% of them are now middle class.

00:41:48.900 --> 00:41:52.000
Now 100 million people
now want rhino horns.

00:41:53.220 --> 00:41:54.740
How the hell are you
gonna supply the demand

00:41:54.740 --> 00:41:56.360
for 100 million people?

00:41:57.761 --> 00:42:00.660
You don't have enough
rhinos to breed fast enough

00:42:00.660 --> 00:42:03.260
to supply all those rhino horns.

00:42:03.260 --> 00:42:05.461
Not in a million years
can you meet that demand.

00:42:05.461 --> 00:42:07.349
Never ever.

00:42:07.349 --> 00:42:09.260
They live in cuckoo world if they think

00:42:09.260 --> 00:42:12.180
they're going to by supplying the demand,

00:42:12.180 --> 00:42:14.540
they're going to stop rhino poaching.

00:42:14.540 --> 00:42:16.260
- That experiment has been done

00:42:16.260 --> 00:42:18.580
and that experiment failed.

00:42:18.580 --> 00:42:20.940
So why on earth would we take a risk

00:42:20.940 --> 00:42:23.820
with an animal which is on
the brink of extinction?

00:42:23.820 --> 00:42:26.100
Why would we take that risk?

00:42:26.100 --> 00:42:27.740
So that what, a few people
can make some money?

00:42:27.740 --> 00:42:30.161
It doesn't make sense,
any sense whatsoever.

00:42:30.980 --> 00:42:31.900
- [Voiceover] Flooding the market

00:42:31.900 --> 00:42:33.700
with illegal wildlife products

00:42:33.700 --> 00:42:36.567
is no option for most conservationists.

00:42:36.567 --> 00:42:38.740
Instead, they are turning the consumers

00:42:38.740 --> 00:42:41.869
with a strong message to
be part of the solution,

00:42:41.869 --> 00:42:43.620
not the problem.

00:42:43.620 --> 00:42:46.580
(traffic noise)

00:42:46.580 --> 00:42:49.300
Chinese celebrities like actor Jackie Chan

00:42:49.300 --> 00:42:50.780
are raising their voices

00:42:50.780 --> 00:42:52.740
in an effort to change
the hearts and minds

00:42:52.740 --> 00:42:53.980
of their countrymen

00:42:53.980 --> 00:42:56.640
and stop them buying wildlife products.

00:42:57.616 --> 00:42:59.478
- If you buy a rhino horn,

00:42:59.478 --> 00:43:01.271
you may be paying for more than just horn.

00:43:01.271 --> 00:43:02.540
You're paying for guns.

00:43:02.540 --> 00:43:03.961
(gunshots)

00:43:03.961 --> 00:43:04.980
Bullets.

00:43:04.980 --> 00:43:06.942
(gunshots)

00:43:06.942 --> 00:43:08.260
Poisoned arrows.

00:43:08.260 --> 00:43:10.223
Chainsaws, axes

00:43:10.223 --> 00:43:13.780
and machetes to hack off
the face of the rhino.

00:43:13.780 --> 00:43:17.160
And you are paying for the
life of a beautiful creature.

00:43:18.016 --> 00:43:20.800
So please tell your friends and relatives

00:43:21.500 --> 00:43:24.000
never buy products made from rhino horn.

00:43:24.780 --> 00:43:27.540
When the buying stops,
the killing can too.

00:43:27.540 --> 00:43:29.380
- Well, there are definitely
some people out there

00:43:29.380 --> 00:43:31.380
who's interest is purely commercial,

00:43:31.380 --> 00:43:34.382
and they're looking to
effectively invest in extinction,

00:43:34.382 --> 00:43:36.900
they're looking to get
the value of this product.

00:43:36.900 --> 00:43:38.592
I think that's some people

00:43:38.592 --> 00:43:39.861
but there are other people

00:43:39.861 --> 00:43:41.558
who are buying these
products out of ignorance.

00:43:41.558 --> 00:43:43.100
People have to understand
that they're action

00:43:43.100 --> 00:43:44.192
of purchasing these products

00:43:44.192 --> 00:43:46.140
is actually driving the poaching.

00:43:46.140 --> 00:43:48.180
I think most of them dissociate themselves

00:43:48.180 --> 00:43:49.207
from the killing of the animals

00:43:49.207 --> 00:43:51.379
and I think that's the
connection that needs to be made

00:43:51.379 --> 00:43:54.420
to persuade people it's not
a good thing to buy ivory.

00:43:54.420 --> 00:43:56.340
- [Voiceover] Non-profit
groups working in China

00:43:56.340 --> 00:44:00.300
know that when people have
information they care.

00:44:00.300 --> 00:44:02.241
So it is particularly important

00:44:02.241 --> 00:44:03.601
to communicate that elephants

00:44:03.601 --> 00:44:06.841
actually have to be
killed to get the tusks.

00:44:07.940 --> 00:44:11.380
Since the Chinese word for ivory is tooth,

00:44:11.380 --> 00:44:13.540
many Chinese still believe

00:44:13.540 --> 00:44:16.460
that tusks fall out naturally.

00:44:16.460 --> 00:44:18.918
- We will never change
things in China for example

00:44:18.918 --> 00:44:20.261
but the Chinese can change it

00:44:20.261 --> 00:44:22.398
if they have the right information.

00:44:22.398 --> 00:44:25.047
- [Voiceover] Changing the
minds of consumers is crucial

00:44:25.047 --> 00:44:28.140
but the tide cannot change fast enough.

00:44:28.140 --> 00:44:30.820
Conservationists agree
that what is needed now

00:44:30.820 --> 00:44:33.340
to send a clear message to consumers

00:44:33.340 --> 00:44:35.980
is to immediately ban all trade

00:44:35.980 --> 00:44:39.560
in all endangered wildlife worldwide.

00:44:40.340 --> 00:44:42.060
Surveys indicate that this strategy

00:44:42.060 --> 00:44:44.980
could be successful especially in China

00:44:44.980 --> 00:44:47.960
where people look to their
leaders for more guidance.

00:44:49.260 --> 00:44:51.583
- We asked previous ivory buyers,

00:44:51.583 --> 00:44:55.420
what would make you not
buy ivory in the future?

00:44:55.420 --> 00:44:59.420
The answer that got the most point, 60%

00:44:59.420 --> 00:45:02.570
was for government to ban,

00:45:02.570 --> 00:45:06.960
to make ivory buying illegal
in all circumstances.

00:45:08.820 --> 00:45:11.580
- [Voiceover] Years of
campaigning are taking effect.

00:45:11.580 --> 00:45:14.620
10 countries have destroyed
their ivory stockpiles

00:45:14.620 --> 00:45:17.420
in a stand against illegal ivory trade.

00:45:17.420 --> 00:45:19.900
Last year, the United States

00:45:19.900 --> 00:45:22.880
and even Hong Kong and China joined in.

00:45:23.860 --> 00:45:26.740
- Destruction of ivory is telling people

00:45:26.740 --> 00:45:30.022
ivory consumption is immoral.

00:45:30.022 --> 00:45:33.100
And this is something that
we really need to build

00:45:33.100 --> 00:45:36.463
in consumers everywhere.

00:45:36.463 --> 00:45:40.360
There are things that money shouldn't buy.

00:45:44.740 --> 00:45:46.420
- [Voiceover] Changing
the minds of consumers

00:45:46.420 --> 00:45:48.398
and pressing governments to take action

00:45:48.398 --> 00:45:52.558
is crucial in the race to
save these iconic animals.

00:45:52.558 --> 00:45:55.220
But what has become increasingly evident

00:45:55.220 --> 00:45:58.060
is that it is just as
important to engage the people

00:45:58.060 --> 00:46:00.600
in the places where poaching is happening.

00:46:01.460 --> 00:46:03.700
Many poachers are still being recruited

00:46:03.700 --> 00:46:06.560
from villages around
the wildlife reserves.

00:46:10.542 --> 00:46:12.620
- The communities that
live with these wildlife

00:46:12.620 --> 00:46:15.060
are not supported
adequately in this country

00:46:15.060 --> 00:46:18.200
so that it makes sense for
them to protect that wildlife.

00:46:19.460 --> 00:46:21.140
- [Voiceover] Changing
the economic conditions

00:46:21.140 --> 00:46:23.559
in villages around the wildlife reserves

00:46:23.559 --> 00:46:25.512
would make a big difference.

00:46:25.512 --> 00:46:29.520
- At the moment, conservation
is seen as a white man's game.

00:46:30.500 --> 00:46:32.238
There's only one way to
deal with the problem.

00:46:32.238 --> 00:46:34.887
You've got to get the
community on your side

00:46:34.887 --> 00:46:38.540
and believe me, nobody comes
into any of these villages

00:46:38.540 --> 00:46:40.900
what we call front line villages.

00:46:40.900 --> 00:46:42.100
Nobody.

00:46:42.100 --> 00:46:44.980
Not a strange car, not a strange people

00:46:44.980 --> 00:46:46.980
will drive down the street of a village

00:46:46.980 --> 00:46:49.200
without not being recognized.

00:46:50.340 --> 00:46:52.020
- [Voiceover] The
Northern Rangelands Trust

00:46:52.020 --> 00:46:55.540
in Northern Kenya was
setup to do just that.

00:46:55.540 --> 00:46:57.460
The idea is to enable communities

00:46:57.460 --> 00:46:59.900
to profit from animal conservation

00:46:59.900 --> 00:47:03.880
and make protection more
attractive to them than poaching.

00:47:05.607 --> 00:47:10.247
The 9-1 anti-poaching unit is
a part of this new concept.

00:47:10.247 --> 00:47:12.789
It's made up of members
of different tribes

00:47:12.789 --> 00:47:15.300
so they have the cooperation
of all the communities

00:47:15.300 --> 00:47:17.000
in this large area.

00:47:18.398 --> 00:47:20.700
They have informants who
tell them immediately

00:47:20.700 --> 00:47:22.920
about suspicious activities.

00:47:26.469 --> 00:47:29.180
- (speaking in foreign language)

00:47:29.180 --> 00:47:30.700
- [Voiceover] And the
villagers seem to appreciate

00:47:30.700 --> 00:47:33.558
the presence of the 9-1 team.

00:47:33.558 --> 00:47:38.558
- (speaking in foreign language)

00:48:01.521 --> 00:48:03.580
- [Voiceover] The concept
of community conservation

00:48:03.580 --> 00:48:07.260
is making a big difference in
this part of Northern Kenya.

00:48:07.260 --> 00:48:09.536
Poaching has dropped by a third

00:48:09.536 --> 00:48:11.980
and locals now know
that protecting animals

00:48:11.980 --> 00:48:14.780
brings tourists into the community lands

00:48:14.780 --> 00:48:17.160
and tourists bring money.

00:48:19.435 --> 00:48:22.340
It was the influence and
pressure from his community

00:48:22.340 --> 00:48:24.980
that finally made Lotak change sides.

00:48:32.700 --> 00:48:37.560
- (speaks in foreign language)

00:49:08.860 --> 00:49:10.580
- [Voiceover] Community
conservation is a model

00:49:10.580 --> 00:49:12.460
that is slowly beginning to take hold

00:49:12.460 --> 00:49:14.960
in other parts of Africa as well.

00:49:19.340 --> 00:49:22.220
Millions of years of
evolution are coming to an end

00:49:22.220 --> 00:49:24.980
as elephants and rhino
continue to disappear

00:49:24.980 --> 00:49:27.040
at breathtaking speed.

00:49:29.100 --> 00:49:30.420
- [Loot] The rhino poaching will end

00:49:30.420 --> 00:49:32.580
the day when there's no rhinos left.

00:49:32.580 --> 00:49:34.300
Finished.

00:49:34.300 --> 00:49:36.401
Or the day it makes so difficult

00:49:36.401 --> 00:49:38.660
for the poacher to come in here

00:49:38.660 --> 00:49:41.500
that it's impossible to poach a rhino.

00:49:41.500 --> 00:49:43.780
That's what we must do.

00:49:43.780 --> 00:49:45.460
- [Voiceover] Extinction is no longer

00:49:45.460 --> 00:49:48.136
a byproduct of poaching.

00:49:48.136 --> 00:49:50.440
It has become its very purpose.

00:49:51.541 --> 00:49:53.300
- If we don't nip this in the bud,

00:49:53.300 --> 00:49:56.096
we will lose all of our rhinos
within 10 years I believe.

00:49:56.096 --> 00:49:59.380
We will lose almost all
of our wild elephants

00:49:59.380 --> 00:50:00.920
within 10 years.

00:50:01.980 --> 00:50:05.222
- [Voiceover] Poaching is
an international crime.

00:50:05.222 --> 00:50:09.120
It will take a concerted
international response to stop it.

00:50:10.020 --> 00:50:11.460
- [Peter] I think when
we lose these animals,

00:50:11.460 --> 00:50:13.868
we lose part of our humanity.

00:50:13.868 --> 00:50:16.797
What are we leaving for our
children and our grandchildren?

00:50:16.797 --> 00:50:19.660
We're leaving a really
impoverished world environmentally

00:50:19.660 --> 00:50:21.500
which means you basically
sold all the family jewels

00:50:21.500 --> 00:50:23.392
so that their inheritance
is gonna be squandered

00:50:23.392 --> 00:50:25.392
if we don't take care of it now.

00:50:25.392 --> 00:50:27.060
- [Voiceover] We know from experience

00:50:27.060 --> 00:50:31.200
that only when the demand
stops, so will the killing.

00:50:34.740 --> 00:50:36.620
- The world has two choices.

00:50:36.620 --> 00:50:39.780
We can have elephants or
we can have ivory trade.

00:50:39.780 --> 00:50:41.640
We can't have both.

00:50:48.060 --> 00:50:53.060
(pulsing music)