WEBVTT

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[upbeat electronic music]

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Flashy editing familiar to cable viewers,

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but watch out,

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there are stowaways.

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I\'m just a simple mortal

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who happened to have found himself

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in his video studio one day.

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The television held a competition.

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I just applied on the off chance.

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My actual job is to present,

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but here everyone does everything.

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I\'m a presenter and an administrator.

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We are six.

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I\'m a presenter.

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All the people who work in the Common Causes

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video workshop are Bosnian refugees.

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They\'re young people who never imagined

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that one day they\'d be behind a television camera

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or holding a microphone.

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The first thing which struck me

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was that people were closed in,

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not only inside four walls,

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but inside themselves.

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There was no information at all from outside.

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So this came the idea of the News.

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[exciting electronic music]

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When they left barracks in Slovenia,

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the Yugoslav federal army methodically broke

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everything they\'d left behind.

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It seems to be a bad habit of theirs.

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[bells chiming]

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They left a symbol anyway,

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a map of former Yugoslavia

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with a big hole in the place of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

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Bosnian refugees at the Roska Camp

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live in the most habitable parts of the barracks.

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How?

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Nothing could be simpler.

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By pirating satellite programs.

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This is CNN.

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[electronic buzzing]

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For Sarajevo and Mostar, for example,

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we\'ve got three or four sources,

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radio, CNN, Sky, so we can compare.

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If the news coverage is different

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it\'s difficult for us to judge

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which version is the most truthful.

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Anyway, that\'s not our job.

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When that happens, we just give the three reports,

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mentioning the source each time.

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Then people can ask themselves some questions.

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Who could be lying?

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Who wants to lie?

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Who wants to lie, but doesn\'t have the possibility to lie?

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We get CNN News, Sky News,

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and Radio Sarajevo.

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They might give the same information.

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You\'ve got to ask how objective

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these three sources really are.

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Compared with Croatian and Serbian television

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I think we\'re objective as much as it\'s possible

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to be, at least.

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For instance, from 1980 on,

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there wasn\'t a news program broadcast

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from Belgrade which didn\'t start with Kosovo.

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Some of the pieces were really ridiculous.

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Albanian cow craps on Serbian cemetery, for example.

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When we started doing reportage

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I began watching television with different eyes.

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In fact, I understood that all,

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that was one big manipulation.

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But we tried to remain that we are,

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television from the interior,

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and we intend not to be too perverted.

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You think about television in a different way

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once you\'ve learned how it works.

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I\'ve changed as well, and it\'s really not

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what we thought it was used to be.

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When I watched the news before,

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it was mainly for the sport and the weather,

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but for culture?

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When it came to the technical side of things,

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we were complete laymen.

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My job is to sort through the news

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which comes from Radio Sarajevo.

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[dark atmospheric music]

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Maybe it\'s not Yellowstone,

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or Yosemite--

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The channels picked up by satellite,

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a small hi-8 video setup offered by course commune

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provides a basis to collect info.

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Then comes the organization phase

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in the camp\'s so-called newsroom.

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[speaking foreign language]

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Everything depends on how people

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are going to receive the news.

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We can always try to give out truthful information

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but if it\'s not what they wish, for them it\'s a lie.

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Once a week, the team goes to one

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particular room in the camp

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to do a special report.

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The first step is to establish confidence

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and to listen.

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No film camera to start with,

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but soon it is accepted.

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Video has become part of daily life.

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In that room, the family explains to Swad

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that even their departure\'s been filmed,

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and they promise to bring the cassette.

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[speaking foreign language]

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The most important thing

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is to establish normal relations with these people

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so that they believe you

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and are able to open their hearts to you.

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I think the most likely reason we succeed

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is because we\'re all in the same situation

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and on an even footing.

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On both sides, those who film and those who talk,

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these room stories show a huge need to communicate.

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And at the same time, an understanding

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that they are recording their own memory.

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Another team works directly

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on the camp\'s memory.

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No organized schedule here is for the news.

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They gather raw material

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for a more ambitious use to come.

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We want to hold onto this moment.

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The part of the project which concerns our memorial

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is based on that, how to keep hold of a moment,

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to keep it for a time yet to come.

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So many things we\'ve seen have not been recorded,

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things which touch our Bosnia,

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and which people just didn\'t know where happening.

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What we do is visit the camps

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and record how people are living there.

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[solemn music]

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Here is the start of one of those rooms,

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filmed and edited by the refugees themselves.

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Every piece begins with a series

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of detailed close-ups,

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the kind film people generally use

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only to fill a gap between takes.

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The details are included

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so as to show how people are living,

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because each thing and each refugee\'s room

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has its value, from a doll to a dirty sock

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or little prams, stove for making coffee,

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everything has its value during those moments.

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We see ourselves there.

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We see what we\'ve got there at home.

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Each little thing has its sentimental value.

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So we do that with all our heart,

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because we want to show that once we had something.

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Each detail is important because it represents life.

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The rest depends on the editing,

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our nighttime work.

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We can\'t talk a lot or sweat

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because there\'s no physical work,

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but those nighttime editing sessions

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are extremely demanding psychologically.

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What sees us through is that we love these people.

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It\'s as simple as that.

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[all laughing]

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While Swad is busy taming the inhabitants

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of the room, Nihad and Indira start recording

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the news bulletin.

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[laughing]

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[man speaking in foreign language]

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To be a refugee,

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I wouldn\'t wish that for anyone.

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[speaking foreign language]

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A lady neighbor heard about the filming

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and so she came to the room.

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She tells the same story they all tell,

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how it began.

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Her brother had just moved to a new building

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and there the gunning started.

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It made a big hole.

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Swad knows the district.

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He lived there.

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I was studying stomatology,

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in that miserable year \'92 I was completing my fourth year.

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I was in Sarajevo in March for the first barricades.

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By chance, I had gone back home for the weekend

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when the trouble started.

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I had to join the army.

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I was born there, and the fact that I lived

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all the rest of my life somewhere else

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made no difference to the authorities.

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My military papers are at Priboj.

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Because when you have--

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Flood?

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Deserted.

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I didn\'t want to take part in the war,

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especially not in Sarajevo where I studied.

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Swad and Nihad are brothers.

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They have a special status.

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They deserted the Serbian army

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and they came voluntarily to the camp

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to help the others.

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I don\'t want anybody to be a refugee.

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I don\'t even want to word to exist.

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[laughing]

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At night, I often dream of my house,

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but it\'s not quite my house.

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It\'s a picture of a house.

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But it\'s me who made up the idea that it\'s my house,

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and that I\'m walking around it.

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Things are good here.

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No one shoots at us.

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We\'ve got a roof.

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You can\'t say the food\'s good,

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but we can survive.

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My sons are fighting 40 days after

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they were pushed back to ford\'s Brod.

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My second son died at Brod.

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We went to the funeral, my daughter-in-law.

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It was the ninth day of the seventh month.

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We buried him in Brod and went back to Ljublijana.

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Three days later, my mother died.

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Three days after that I buried my mother at Skofja Loka.

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[children shouting]

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It\'s difficult to be away from home,

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not to be surrounded by your people.

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Me, I\'m all alone here.

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Very often when I\'m on my own,

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I think about my life, my future here.

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It doesn\'t look too brilliant.

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In fact, at the moment, I don\'t have a future.

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You turn up somewhere

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where people accept you as if you are nothing,

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a complete zero.

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You\'ll get help, but not that real help

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which comes from the heart.

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You get given a package with three tins.

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You can wander about as you like in town

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because you\'ve got a refugee card

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which stops the police pushing you around,

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but of course if you speak this damn Bosnian language,

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if it even exists, you\'ll have your papers

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checked straightaway.

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If you\'ve got a bicycle, they\'ll make sure

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it belongs to you.

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A leather jacket, they\'ll check it\'s yours.

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You start feeling like a dog of a special breed

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in a room with dogs of another breed.

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While really we\'re all the same.

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Busy in the newsroom, Dino,

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from the Memory Team.

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Of course it helps,

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but when I go to the Center and talk to my fellow Bosnians,

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they\'re not intellectuals, but normal people

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who breed cattle, sheep, and who work the land.

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After that I feel sick.

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But I feel happy at the same time,

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because it\'s me who\'s been able to record

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these moments and the suffering,

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and at least for a day someone else can see all that.

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But is that going to happen?

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I don\'t know, it\'s probably too good to be true

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because perhaps not all of us, but most of us,

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have given up hoping that the day will come

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when we\'ll be able to explain something to someone

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in peace, that we witness something which was all over,

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and it finally finished.

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You\'d have to have lived in Bosnia to understand

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that what happens in that moment destroys,

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not only materially from the outside,

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but destroys it from the inside.

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Because with all these people have been killed,

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their memory has been lost as well.

272
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Our habits are lost, our moors, our way of life,

273
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our smells, our books, our songs,

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the tunes we love.

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Before, I thought about the people

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but not anymore, because I don\'t think there are

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any people there anymore.

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What remains are the forests, the mountains,

279
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the springs, the streams.

280
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At first I didn\'t believe

281
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something like that could happen.

282
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When it started in Slovenia and Croatia,

283
00:20:20.210 --> 00:20:22.810
we all thought things would be different in Bosnia.

284
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We\'re all together.

285
00:20:23.900 --> 00:20:25.000
It can\'t happen to us.

286
00:20:34.084 --> 00:20:35.560
When we saw what happened in Bucharest

287
00:20:35.560 --> 00:20:37.000
we said that\'s Romania.

288
00:20:37.000 --> 00:20:38.753
Yugoslavia is something else.

289
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It\'s so easy to say not in Slovenia,

290
00:20:50.680 --> 00:20:52.390
then a little later Croatia.

291
00:20:52.390 --> 00:20:54.100
Everyone said what do you mean?

292
00:20:54.100 --> 00:20:55.030
You didn\'t know?

293
00:20:55.030 --> 00:20:56.020
We knew.

294
00:20:56.020 --> 00:20:58.830
For me, even on the evening of April 5th last year

295
00:20:58.830 --> 00:21:00.970
I didn\'t think there\'d be a war in Sarajevo.

296
00:21:00.970 --> 00:21:01.903
I didn\'t know.

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00:21:10.350 --> 00:21:12.000
When it started in Yugoslavia

298
00:21:12.000 --> 00:21:13.850
and when the worst happened in Bosnia,

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00:21:13.850 --> 00:21:16.720
we were trapped because we Bosnians lived together

300
00:21:16.720 --> 00:21:18.643
without thinking about nationality.

301
00:21:29.170 --> 00:21:31.410
I didn\'t witness, not once in my life,

302
00:21:31.410 --> 00:21:33.200
the animosities you\'re talking about,

303
00:21:33.200 --> 00:21:34.673
and yet which exists.

304
00:21:36.680 --> 00:21:38.253
I wasn\'t at all conscious of that.

305
00:21:38.253 --> 00:21:39.270
I never lived it.

306
00:21:39.270 --> 00:21:40.170
I\'d never seen it.

307
00:21:40.170 --> 00:21:41.560
I\'d never been attacked.

308
00:21:41.560 --> 00:21:44.230
My existence had never been put into question,

309
00:21:44.230 --> 00:21:45.980
so I think we should have prepared ourselves,

310
00:21:45.980 --> 00:21:48.280
that people were able to prepare themselves,

311
00:21:48.280 --> 00:21:50.670
but for me personally, because I had never put

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00:21:50.670 --> 00:21:53.750
into question, maybe I was living with my eyes closed,

313
00:21:53.750 --> 00:21:55.020
but how beautiful it was,

314
00:21:55.020 --> 00:21:57.793
how very beautiful it was behind my closed eyes.

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[\"Everybody Knows\" by Leonard Cohen]

316
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♪ Everybody knows that the dice are loaded ♪

317
00:22:14.522 --> 00:22:19.245
♪ Everybody rolls with their fingers crossed ♪

318
00:22:19.245 --> 00:22:23.773
♪ Everybody knows the war is over ♪

319
00:22:23.773 --> 00:22:28.486
♪ Everybody knows the good guys lost ♪

320
00:22:28.486 --> 00:22:32.863
♪ Everybody knows the fight was fixed ♪

321
00:22:32.863 --> 00:22:35.282
♪ The poor stay poor ♪

322
00:22:35.282 --> 00:22:37.726
♪ The rich get rich ♪

323
00:22:37.726 --> 00:22:42.078
♪ That\'s how it goes ♪

324
00:22:42.078 --> 00:22:46.966
♪ Everybody knows ♪

325
00:22:46.966 --> 00:22:51.375
♪ Everybody knows that the boat is leaking ♪

326
00:22:51.375 --> 00:22:55.911
♪ Everybody knows that the captain lied ♪

327
00:22:55.911 --> 00:23:00.911
♪ Everybody got this broken feeling ♪

328
00:23:01.097 --> 00:23:06.014
♪ Like their father or their dog just died ♪

329
00:23:20.350 --> 00:23:21.580
People had a particular model

330
00:23:21.580 --> 00:23:24.224
in their heads of what television was.

331
00:23:24.224 --> 00:23:26.370
It was in the minds of these people,

332
00:23:26.370 --> 00:23:28.680
so we had to make the news look like the news,

333
00:23:28.680 --> 00:23:30.220
which meant making it look like

334
00:23:30.220 --> 00:23:31.770
what people are used to seeing.

335
00:23:32.712 --> 00:23:34.523
It was then that it became credible.

336
00:23:35.966 --> 00:23:39.633
[speaking foreign language]

337
00:23:41.864 --> 00:23:44.114
[laughing]

338
00:23:57.870 --> 00:24:01.030
To be honest, this film contains a big lie.

339
00:24:01.030 --> 00:24:02.410
Its title.

340
00:24:02.410 --> 00:24:06.920
Here, prime time starts every night at seven.

341
00:24:06.920 --> 00:24:09.400
Sometimes the little screening room is crowded.

342
00:24:09.400 --> 00:24:12.180
Sometimes the mood is too gloomy to even pay attention

343
00:24:12.180 --> 00:24:13.970
to the camp\'s television.

344
00:24:13.970 --> 00:24:15.980
It\'s a fragile experiment.

345
00:24:15.980 --> 00:24:17.680
It\'s a unique experiment.

346
00:25:18.612 --> 00:25:21.945
[soft melancholy music]

347
00:25:53.524 --> 00:25:55.020
The young people who work in television

348
00:25:55.020 --> 00:25:57.280
around the world, I don\'t think they\'ve seen us yet,

349
00:25:57.280 --> 00:25:58.710
but I hope they will,

350
00:25:58.710 --> 00:26:01.210
that they\'ll see our program and what we\'re doing.

351
00:26:09.490 --> 00:26:11.970
My message to young journalists, to old journalists,

352
00:26:11.970 --> 00:26:14.420
to journalists in general, is to live in peace,

353
00:26:14.420 --> 00:26:17.363
to be as objective as possible, not to manipulate.

354
00:26:19.970 --> 00:26:21.113
Not to manipulate.

355
00:26:22.700 --> 00:26:26.023
To make propaganda for love, for freedom, and normal life.

356
00:26:29.390 --> 00:26:30.860
I\'d like to send my good wishes

357
00:26:30.860 --> 00:26:32.370
to all the refugees in the world,

358
00:26:32.370 --> 00:26:34.470
wherever they are, so that they listen,

359
00:26:34.470 --> 00:26:36.070
that they hold on, and one day,

360
00:26:36.070 --> 00:26:37.420
we will return to our land.

361
00:26:44.740 --> 00:26:47.070
And I\'m not only thinking about Bosnian refugees.

362
00:26:47.070 --> 00:26:48.790
There are refugees from other countries,

363
00:26:48.790 --> 00:26:50.310
and I want all of us to return

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00:26:50.310 --> 00:26:52.110
to the countries where we were born.

365
00:26:55.570 --> 00:26:57.620
The only message I\'d really like to give them

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00:26:57.620 --> 00:27:00.710
is to love one another, and not to wage war,

367
00:27:00.710 --> 00:27:03.410
and that\'s not only for people who work in television.

368
00:27:08.560 --> 00:27:10.820
On the wall between the working tools

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00:27:10.820 --> 00:27:13.853
and the familiar symbols, they stuck up a poster.

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Einstein was a refugee.

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[dark rock music]