WEBVTT

00:00:17.339 --> 00:00:19.178
It was a summer day,

00:00:19.178 --> 00:00:20.791
in 2017.

00:00:21.385 --> 00:00:25.736
A french family arrived
on a camper truck

00:00:26.361 --> 00:00:29.563
and step out with a little box
with a bunch of rocks.

00:00:35.773 --> 00:00:37.021
By chance,

00:00:37.021 --> 00:00:38.093
I typed:

00:00:38.093 --> 00:00:42.418
\'Chilean meteorites. Show the last ones
that have been submitted and approved\'-

00:00:42.878 --> 00:00:45.772
And the first Chilean Martian meteorite
appears.

00:00:46.180 --> 00:00:47.565
So, I went through

00:00:48.295 --> 00:00:52.785
intense happiness and, at the
same time, intense rage.

00:00:58.931 --> 00:01:01.667
We have seen many tourists come here,
many reporters

00:01:01.667 --> 00:01:04.797
but we have never seen people saying

00:01:04.797 --> 00:01:06.337
they have found a meteorite.

00:01:06.337 --> 00:01:08.401
Indigenous cemeteries,
sure, there\'s many.

00:01:08.941 --> 00:01:11.578
It might have fallen up there on the hills.

00:01:11.578 --> 00:01:13.306
Over there at San Pedro...

00:01:13.306 --> 00:01:14.759
Right, higher.

00:01:15.841 --> 00:01:19.120
The expeditions that come and the
private investigators who come

00:01:19.120 --> 00:01:21.584
are taking those meteorites with them now.

00:01:26.463 --> 00:01:27.848
The meteorite business is:

00:01:27.848 --> 00:01:31.372
We\'re sitting here right now and you hear:
\'boom, boom, boom!\' in the sky.

00:01:31.372 --> 00:01:33.236
Rocks go: \'pfiu pfiu pum kaboom!\'.

00:01:33.236 --> 00:01:37.326
And one hits that car and one goes over
there and one breaks into a bunch of pieces.

00:01:37.326 --> 00:01:41.225
And you find one meteorite:
\"Yay! Oh man, I found one!\".

00:01:41.225 --> 00:01:43.502
You found two: you\'re a dealer.

00:01:43.966 --> 00:01:44.686
Right?

00:01:44.686 --> 00:01:46.355
You found one: you are gonna keep.

00:01:46.355 --> 00:01:48.738
You find two:
\"Mmm, maybe I should sell one\".

00:02:56.929 --> 00:03:00.420
16.26 kilometers to the spot.

00:03:02.281 --> 00:03:04.997
Can I borrow the computer?

00:03:17.217 --> 00:03:21.356
I\'m always updating the database
to show when I\'m doing a lecture,

00:03:21.356 --> 00:03:23.413
and I typed: \'Chilean meteorite\'.

00:03:23.413 --> 00:03:28.288
So I went to the chart
to see who had written it

00:03:29.278 --> 00:03:30.589
and I was like...

00:03:30.589 --> 00:03:33.499
... in shock, because it was people I knew,

00:03:33.499 --> 00:03:37.367
people from the network that I\'m
familiar with, and no one reported it,

00:03:37.367 --> 00:03:41.235
they never involved us
in the classification or anything.

00:03:42.450 --> 00:03:44.149
So it was...

00:03:44.945 --> 00:03:47.325
Sadness and rage,

00:03:47.325 --> 00:03:49.422
both feelings at the same time.

00:03:52.160 --> 00:03:54.649
Is what we have been waiting for years.

00:03:54.649 --> 00:03:57.155
When we go on an expedition, we say:

00:03:57.155 --> 00:04:00.509
\"At some point, we will be able
to find an achondrite\",

00:04:00.509 --> 00:04:03.195
which is the kind of meteorite of

00:04:03.195 --> 00:04:05.510
the Martian and Lunar meteorites.

00:04:05.510 --> 00:04:06.894
So,

00:04:06.894 --> 00:04:10.513
it was almost impossible because they
looked the same as volcanic rocks.

00:04:11.264 --> 00:04:14.223
I sent a rather diplomatic e-mail,

00:04:14.223 --> 00:04:17.252
to say that I needed to collect information

00:04:17.252 --> 00:04:21.166
on what had happened, who had found it, etc.

00:04:21.166 --> 00:04:24.723
There they told me that
it had been a french family

00:04:24.723 --> 00:04:27.461
on vacations in northern Chile.

00:04:30.421 --> 00:04:35.195
We don\'t know about the people who come,
until a year has gone by,

00:04:35.195 --> 00:04:39.926
because they upload the
official names to the web page.

00:04:40.353 --> 00:04:43.991
That way we find out what groups
are the ones who are coming the most.

00:04:43.991 --> 00:04:49.105
Among those, there are Polish, Russians,
French and Americans.

00:04:50.449 --> 00:04:55.053
The number of people who come to
Atacama in search of meteorites

00:04:55.053 --> 00:04:57.071
has increased in the last couple of years.

00:05:13.466 --> 00:05:16.708
The element that happens only here
and nowhere else in the world,

00:05:16.708 --> 00:05:19.180
it\'s how old the desert is.

00:05:19.899 --> 00:05:24.429
Atacama is unique in that sense and that\'s
why all the meteorites from its desert

00:05:24.429 --> 00:05:29.237
have such importance, in the sense that
they are the oldest population

00:05:29.237 --> 00:05:31.686
of meteorites on Earth.

00:05:35.152 --> 00:05:37.435
Some surfaces on the Atacama Desert

00:05:37.435 --> 00:05:42.919
have a density of over 150 different
meteorites per square kilometer.

00:05:49.492 --> 00:05:52.964
My relationship with science
begins very young.

00:05:52.964 --> 00:05:57.208
Antofagasta is a place confined
between many infinite borders:

00:05:57.930 --> 00:06:00.200
the infinite pacific ocean,

00:06:00.660 --> 00:06:02.260
the infinite desert

00:06:02.260 --> 00:06:03.620
and the infinite sky.

00:06:08.184 --> 00:06:12.853
That leaves a subtle mark on people
who live on the desert,

00:06:12.853 --> 00:06:15.786
and that makes many questions

00:06:15.786 --> 00:06:18.246
to arise.

00:06:21.018 --> 00:06:27.077
That disposition to ask yourself questions,
which are basic for a scientist,

00:06:27.077 --> 00:06:29.600
is created naturally in this environment,

00:06:29.600 --> 00:06:31.822
and it usually has to do with the sky

00:06:31.822 --> 00:06:33.468
and the origin of life.

00:06:49.705 --> 00:06:52.596
We love San Pedro! That\'s the thing!

00:08:17.882 --> 00:08:20.534
We are on our way to Imilac.

00:08:20.534 --> 00:08:25.079
We have traveled 159 kilometers
from San Pedro.

00:08:26.154 --> 00:08:30.917
In about 30 kilometers we should
be arriving at the Imilac water spring,

00:08:30.917 --> 00:08:32.443
and we will be there...

00:08:32.443 --> 00:08:34.293
... right on top of the crater.

00:08:36.236 --> 00:08:39.386
Through a book written by Philippi,

00:08:39.386 --> 00:08:43.220
Voyage to the Atacama Desert, from 1854,

00:08:43.809 --> 00:08:48.102
we started to rediscover this impact zone,
which was a historical zone.

00:08:49.010 --> 00:08:52.373
This book narrated very precisely

00:08:52.373 --> 00:08:55.736
how to get to this crater
which was the Imilac crater.

00:09:25.714 --> 00:09:27.095
My helper, get over here.

00:09:27.095 --> 00:09:28.515
I don\'t want to, I\'m tired.

00:09:31.132 --> 00:09:35.731
When the meteor impacts, all the bits
and pieces are scattered around.

00:09:36.245 --> 00:09:40.031
That shrapnel is what we, me and Edmundo,

00:09:40.031 --> 00:09:42.398
pick up thousands and
thousand of those pieces,

00:09:43.169 --> 00:09:47.220
about 60, 80 kilos of these little
pieces that are these shrapnels.

00:09:47.878 --> 00:09:50.739
Imilac is one of the most famous
meteorites in Chile.

00:09:51.848 --> 00:09:55.501
It\'s also one of the oldest
findings we have.

00:09:58.627 --> 00:10:01.601
Due to its rare beauty,

00:10:02.366 --> 00:10:04.004
expeditions arrive...

00:10:05.234 --> 00:10:07.945
... from the farthest places on the planet.

00:10:19.502 --> 00:10:21.952
How long have you been here?

00:10:21.952 --> 00:10:24.049
We got here yesterday and we
leave tomorrow.

00:10:24.049 --> 00:10:25.772
Show us your findings.

00:10:26.300 --> 00:10:28.046
-It\'s small pieces.
-Yes, tiny.

00:10:31.214 --> 00:10:33.891
Still, it\'s really lucky to
find a piece nowadays.

00:10:42.434 --> 00:10:46.009
Look, these are last year\'s,
I brought some samples for them.

00:10:46.901 --> 00:10:49.150
And this is what I have taken today.

00:10:50.744 --> 00:10:53.867
-Let\'s take out today\'s catch.
-Yes, today\'s.

00:10:58.649 --> 00:11:01.598
Help me so they don\'t fly off.

00:11:05.019 --> 00:11:07.413
Yes, otherwise I\'ll leave you right here...

00:11:07.413 --> 00:11:09.803
- You\'d kill me.
-... working with the detector.

00:11:16.660 --> 00:11:18.855
Your brother has the other one.

00:11:20.672 --> 00:11:24.469
No, the other one, I don\'t know,
I don\'t know...

00:11:24.469 --> 00:11:25.686
It disappeared.

00:11:26.174 --> 00:11:30.578
Hey, so the Meteorite Museum
is one of the things that...

00:11:30.578 --> 00:11:31.787
Fabulous.

00:11:32.487 --> 00:11:34.897
I think it\'s the best of
San Pedro de Atacama,

00:11:34.897 --> 00:11:36.010
among everything.

00:11:41.788 --> 00:11:45.481
The Meteorite Museum collection,

00:11:45.481 --> 00:11:47.899
starts long ago

00:11:47.899 --> 00:11:51.649
in early 1983,

00:11:51.649 --> 00:11:53.984
that\'s when along with my brother Edmundo

00:11:53.984 --> 00:11:56.594
we went to rediscover the Imilac location.

00:12:00.091 --> 00:12:05.161
We could say that with those first
meteorites, the museum began.

00:12:09.265 --> 00:12:13.114
And as the years went by,
it became exciting,

00:12:13.114 --> 00:12:15.606
we kept searching for meteorites
all over the desert.

00:12:16.605 --> 00:12:19.650
Like that, until today,

00:12:19.650 --> 00:12:22.731
we have gathered more than...

00:12:22.731 --> 00:12:25.061
I think we are over 5 thousand pieces.

00:12:27.227 --> 00:12:31.415
That is one of the first
meteorites found in Chile.

00:12:31.853 --> 00:12:36.194
Vaca Muerta, Imilac,
both are from around 1860.

00:12:36.194 --> 00:12:38.961
Many pieces went to different places
all over the world.

00:12:39.246 --> 00:12:42.911
Only some pieces stayed in Chile,
a few fragments.

00:12:51.780 --> 00:12:54.307
1% of the meteorites that are
in collections

00:12:54.307 --> 00:12:57.694
are these kind of meteorites,
which are called pallasite.

00:12:57.694 --> 00:13:00.443
If we could imagine

00:13:00.443 --> 00:13:03.073
where on Earth we could find such a rock,

00:13:03.073 --> 00:13:06.117
it would be on the interphase
between the mantle and the nucleus.

00:13:06.117 --> 00:13:10.214
It helps to figure out how these objects
get cold ones they are formed, etc.

00:13:10.219 --> 00:13:13.445
So they are of great scientific interest,

00:13:13.445 --> 00:13:16.352
because of the planet\'s
differentiation process.

00:13:16.994 --> 00:13:19.399
But, for those who don\'t know anything,

00:13:19.399 --> 00:13:22.756
it\'s one of the most beautiful
meteorites you could see.

00:13:23.536 --> 00:13:27.847
What collectors do is they
cut them in very thin layers

00:13:27.847 --> 00:13:30.735
and they place a light behind it,

00:13:30.735 --> 00:13:35.147
because the olivine is translucent
and it gives it a green coloring.

00:13:35.147 --> 00:13:37.145
So it\'s a gem,

00:13:37.725 --> 00:13:40.743
something very beautiful to be observed.

00:14:02.744 --> 00:14:06.286
I once went to Imilac to see the crater

00:14:06.856 --> 00:14:09.938
but we were mapping the area,
so it wasn\'t an objective.

00:14:09.938 --> 00:14:12.925
But I kept saying:
\"We need to put it on the map\".

00:14:12.925 --> 00:14:13.980
And everyone said:

00:14:13.980 --> 00:14:16.906
\"We shouldn\'t put it on the map,
everyone will start coming\".

00:14:23.557 --> 00:14:25.473
This a piece of Imilac.

00:14:25.473 --> 00:14:29.263
This piece was found
by hunters from Russia,

00:14:29.263 --> 00:14:31.830
I think it was last year or so,
I\'m not sure.

00:14:32.005 --> 00:14:35.569
This is one I bought at the
Tucson Gems and Minerals Show

00:14:35.569 --> 00:14:37.323
just last weekend.

00:14:39.121 --> 00:14:42.211
Which was kind of crazy.
I didn\'t expect to see any there.

00:14:42.211 --> 00:14:45.307
But some hunters went down there

00:14:45.307 --> 00:14:49.547
and found, I don\'t know,
some kilograms of it.

00:14:49.547 --> 00:14:51.407
And this was just a pretty piece.

00:14:51.614 --> 00:14:56.470
Just in 2018, I don\'t know the month,
It wasn\'t me so...

00:14:56.470 --> 00:14:59.800
Russian teams rediscovered
a new place where they found

00:14:59.800 --> 00:15:01.606
more than a hundred kilos maybe.

00:15:02.306 --> 00:15:07.205
They found a new discovery of Imilac, some
kilometers away from the original place.

00:15:07.205 --> 00:15:10.357
So that\'s why a lot of new pieces have
shown up from Imilac.

00:15:11.674 --> 00:15:14.353
Last year this time we had no Imilac.

00:15:14.353 --> 00:15:17.561
It\'s been gone from the market for
some time, pretty hard to get.

00:15:17.561 --> 00:15:19.456
Now there\'s a lot of it.

00:15:21.627 --> 00:15:25.799
I mean, to come here on an expedition
looking for it to take it out,

00:15:25.799 --> 00:15:30.462
and then cut the material, and sell it,

00:15:30.462 --> 00:15:33.819
that to me is like a

00:15:33.819 --> 00:15:35.696
poachers\' attitude, in some way.

00:15:37.456 --> 00:15:39.872
To me, that is plain trafficking.

00:15:42.605 --> 00:15:49.061
I\'ve been hunting for meteorites
recreationally for 15 or 20 years now.

00:15:50.351 --> 00:15:53.219
I\'ve found a lot of meteorites,
I\'ve never found a palasite.

00:15:53.219 --> 00:15:56.597
Probably I never will, unless
I go to a place like Imilac.

00:16:04.287 --> 00:16:06.856
You don\'t want to sell
anything you find yourself,

00:16:06.856 --> 00:16:10.697
especially because
it\'s a gift from the stars.

00:16:10.697 --> 00:16:13.550
You know, in the Andes in Chile,

00:16:13.550 --> 00:16:16.583
is one of the clearest skies in the
entire world,

00:16:16.583 --> 00:16:19.865
and when you are out there camping
in the Atacama or something

00:16:19.865 --> 00:16:22.787
you are absolutely already in the space.

00:16:28.032 --> 00:16:31.588
I have the biggest Imilac, as far as I know.

00:16:31.588 --> 00:16:33.349
But there\'s been lots of bigger ones,

00:16:33.349 --> 00:16:36.277
but they\'ve all sold them,
or cut them, or whatever.

00:16:36.277 --> 00:16:39.000
And I\'m keeping it intact.

00:16:39.000 --> 00:16:41.763
It\'s like so cool, the memories,
the adventures over there.

00:16:41.763 --> 00:16:43.583
They\'re mine, I found them.

00:16:43.583 --> 00:16:44.691
Cool.

00:16:49.079 --> 00:16:51.507
The Atacama Desert,
according to the discoveries

00:16:51.507 --> 00:16:53.526
that we mainly did,

00:16:53.526 --> 00:16:56.673
that are the high-density areas,

00:16:56.673 --> 00:16:57.888
is now...

00:16:57.888 --> 00:17:00.218
... the meteorite hunter\'s paradise.

00:17:01.666 --> 00:17:04.077
It\'s sad,
I would prefer it wasn\'t like this.

00:17:04.077 --> 00:17:07.805
I would prefer they were
all available for us,

00:17:07.805 --> 00:17:11.103
Chilean people, we could go find
meteorites and find some.

00:17:11.103 --> 00:17:14.032
But the foreign expeditions
that are entering the country

00:17:14.032 --> 00:17:15.841
are countless,

00:17:15.841 --> 00:17:18.610
and it\'s like that because
when a meteorite gets classified

00:17:18.610 --> 00:17:20.486
you have to give the coordinates.

00:17:21.181 --> 00:17:22.773
There\'s no choice there.

00:17:23.438 --> 00:17:25.702
When you looked in books and
read about them,

00:17:25.702 --> 00:17:30.167
you realize there were places where they
had fallen by hundreds of them or thousands.

00:17:30.167 --> 00:17:31.937
They found pieces that weigh tons.

00:17:31.937 --> 00:17:36.523
You could go to some of these places
and just look around and like find one,

00:17:36.523 --> 00:17:41.223
and then if you brought it back or
had a box of them you put it there.

00:17:41.653 --> 00:17:44.844
One on three people, when they
realized what it was, they were like:

00:17:44.844 --> 00:17:46.644
\"Are you kidding me? This is one?\".

00:17:46.644 --> 00:17:50.115
But you had to show them in a book:
\"See? I\'m not making this up\".

00:17:50.115 --> 00:17:53.063
That\'s a huge problem in China right now,
fakes.

00:17:53.063 --> 00:17:56.464
But anyway, so I showed them in my books
this is the real stuff,

00:17:56.464 --> 00:17:58.486
and it was like a hundred bucks.

00:17:59.090 --> 00:18:04.277
But you get a piece of some cool,
that is like from not even Earth

00:18:04.277 --> 00:18:08.235
and it has crystals and energies and
things that you don\'t even find on Earth.

00:18:12.127 --> 00:18:13.619
And It\'s a good thing.

00:18:31.165 --> 00:18:33.950
I started hunting meteorites
about 24 years ago.

00:18:33.950 --> 00:18:36.475
That\'s all I do, I love meteorites.

00:18:37.865 --> 00:18:42.007
It\'s treasure hunting, It\'s about
the thrill of the hunt, It\'s exciting.

00:18:42.007 --> 00:18:44.941
I\'ve been in 85, 86 countries.

00:18:44.941 --> 00:18:48.273
For example Africa, I\'ve been over
a hundred times to Africa.

00:18:48.273 --> 00:18:51.005
I used to go every two weeks.

00:18:52.787 --> 00:18:55.669
All of my money is tied up in this.

00:18:55.669 --> 00:19:00.302
I have to put out 100 thousand
dollars to buy a rock,

00:19:00.302 --> 00:19:04.451
let\'s just say I put 100 thousand out
and then I pay 25 thousand for cutting,

00:19:04.451 --> 00:19:08.138
and then I put the price and
I sell one slice of it in a year.

00:19:08.138 --> 00:19:11.131
All of my money is tied to that rock,
like this.

00:19:11.131 --> 00:19:15.384
I mean I have millions of dollars
tied up in these rocks, that\'s not cash.

00:19:15.928 --> 00:19:20.880
If you don\'t take that piece and go up
5 or 10 times you\'re gonna lose money.

00:19:21.491 --> 00:19:28.814
There we go. Caleta el Cobre 022,
found in 2016. 474 grams, nakhlite.

00:19:29.704 --> 00:19:32.372
Single stone found casually
by a tourists family

00:19:32.372 --> 00:19:34.920
next to their night camp
in the Atacama Desert.

00:19:54.134 --> 00:19:59.324
We sold our house, our car,
we left our jobs and we set off.

00:20:00.154 --> 00:20:07.301
We wanted to have family time and
a great experience together.

00:20:07.301 --> 00:20:09.431
We wanted to show our kids

00:20:09.431 --> 00:20:12.491
that our lifestyle in France
was not the only lifestyle there is.

00:20:12.950 --> 00:20:15.913
And that there were many things
to learn from other cultures.

00:20:21.731 --> 00:20:24.649
Sleeping in the desert
was a great experience.

00:20:25.319 --> 00:20:30.481
There are no human beings,
or plants, or animals.

00:20:32.846 --> 00:20:36.738
There is nothing, you actually get
a sense of being on another planet.

00:20:41.829 --> 00:20:46.598
My husband is a scientist,
he is very interested in science.

00:20:46.598 --> 00:20:51.081
Therefore we knew there were many
meteorites in the desert,

00:20:51.081 --> 00:20:55.980
so we looked to the ground in case
we found a peculiar looking rock.

00:21:04.476 --> 00:21:12.168
So when our daughter saw this rock
that stood out through the sand,

00:21:12.168 --> 00:21:15.560
because it was much darker
than any of the other rocks,

00:21:17.460 --> 00:21:24.210
she picked it up and it distinguished
itself from the other rocks there.

00:21:25.180 --> 00:21:28.729
It was indeed much darker.

00:21:36.604 --> 00:21:39.646
We had great doubt on whether or not
it was actually a meteorite,

00:21:39.646 --> 00:21:41.648
we were not sure.

00:21:47.300 --> 00:21:51.234
So she along with her family,
came to the museum,

00:21:51.234 --> 00:21:53.519
to find out if it was actually a meteorite.

00:21:55.032 --> 00:21:56.729
When we cut it, well...

00:21:57.839 --> 00:21:59.191
Martian was green.

00:21:59.191 --> 00:22:02.529
And truly it was a green colored
meteorite because of the olivines,

00:22:02.529 --> 00:22:05.013
The amount of olivines inside was amazing.

00:22:05.013 --> 00:22:07.817
It was the first time I held
a Martian meteorite in my hands,

00:22:07.817 --> 00:22:08.774
not knowing.

00:22:08.774 --> 00:22:11.185
And when they ask me:
\"What is there to do?\".

00:22:11.185 --> 00:22:14.317
Well, what has to be done
is a classification process.

00:22:40.977 --> 00:22:43.873
This looks like an ordinary chondrite.

00:22:43.873 --> 00:22:46.890
Nine times out of ten it\'s going to be
an ordinary chondrite.

00:22:47.445 --> 00:22:51.985
Sometimes you collect stuff
really small meteorites.

00:22:59.555 --> 00:23:00.791
Guess what:

00:23:00.791 --> 00:23:02.202
ordinary chondrite.

00:23:02.911 --> 00:23:07.301
People will send me meteorites
to get classified.

00:23:07.852 --> 00:23:12.336
Sometimes it gets a bit boring because
90% of them are ordinary chondrites,

00:23:17.481 --> 00:23:21.201
including lots of meteorites from Chile,
from Rodrigo Martínez.

00:23:26.420 --> 00:23:29.615
More than one year later
I traveled to San Pedro,

00:23:29.615 --> 00:23:34.347
and he gave me this sample together with
a bunch of other meteorites he had found.

00:23:37.214 --> 00:23:40.251
I took them back here and

00:23:40.251 --> 00:23:43.766
they stayed in this big bag of
samples for six months maybe.

00:23:45.482 --> 00:23:49.105
I brought it to my collaborator,
Professor Rochet.

00:23:49.955 --> 00:23:51.575
He looked at it and said:

00:23:51.575 --> 00:23:52.935
\"It looks very interesting\".

00:23:53.858 --> 00:23:57.797
He went to the lab to do some
magnetic measurements,

00:23:57.797 --> 00:23:59.955
and he came back very excited
and he told me:

00:23:59.955 --> 00:24:01.674
\"Yes! That\'s a martian meteorite!\".

00:24:41.144 --> 00:24:45.793
So, after that, we got very excited
about this meteorite

00:24:45.793 --> 00:24:48.943
and it turned out to be a very rare
type of martian meteorite.

00:25:23.390 --> 00:25:26.526
This is Allende,

00:25:26.526 --> 00:25:31.756
from a small town in Mexico.
It fell in February 1969

00:25:31.756 --> 00:25:35.347
and formed 4.68 billion years ago.

00:25:36.620 --> 00:25:40.123
This little inclusions here are very
abundant in this meteorite.

00:25:40.123 --> 00:25:44.309
5% to 10% of the meteorite consist of
these white inclusions of various kinds

00:25:44.781 --> 00:25:49.252
and these show us when the beginning
of the Solar System happened.

00:25:52.909 --> 00:25:55.619
Well, you guys are young.

00:25:55.619 --> 00:26:00.165
But, back in 1969 when Niel Armstrong
and Buzz Aldrin stepped on the Moon

00:26:00.165 --> 00:26:03.932
people all over the world were glued
to their television sets, I certainly was.

00:26:03.932 --> 00:26:05.284
And this was very exciting.

00:26:05.284 --> 00:26:06.001
Why?

00:26:06.001 --> 00:26:08.915
What kind of practical consequence would
be for a guy walking on the Moon?

00:26:08.915 --> 00:26:09.775
Who cares?

00:26:09.775 --> 00:26:11.073
Well, everybody cared.

00:26:11.073 --> 00:26:14.225
And meteorite researchers
and every other scientist,

00:26:14.225 --> 00:26:16.018
has the same kind of enthusiasm.

00:26:16.018 --> 00:26:18.310
It\'s not that who cares?
Everybody cares.

00:26:18.310 --> 00:26:22.869
They wanna know their place around
and how the universe develops.

00:26:22.869 --> 00:26:27.003
And so this is the same kind of exciting
endeavor that we\'re engaged in.

00:26:34.453 --> 00:26:36.643
The simplest model of the Solar System is:

00:26:37.251 --> 00:26:42.721
There was a cloud of gas and dust,

00:26:42.721 --> 00:26:45.892
and it became gravitationally
unstable and it collapsed.

00:26:46.278 --> 00:26:50.748
Ultimately when it collapsed enough,
we got a star, we got a sun,

00:26:51.346 --> 00:26:53.935
and we got the planets in orbit
about the Sun.

00:27:05.088 --> 00:27:07.775
They fall randomly all over the planet,

00:27:07.775 --> 00:27:10.225
but they preferentially accumulate

00:27:10.225 --> 00:27:13.301
in the places where there\'s
restriction on liquid water supply.

00:27:13.301 --> 00:27:17.952
Therefore, in places like Brazil,
where there\'s a lot of humidity,

00:27:17.952 --> 00:27:22.543
they also fall, just like anywhere else,
but they disappear really fast.

00:27:25.542 --> 00:27:28.762
Not like in places where there is
liquid water restriction,

00:27:29.210 --> 00:27:31.306
cold deserts like Antarctica,

00:27:31.306 --> 00:27:33.842
hot deserts like the Atacama Desert,

00:27:33.842 --> 00:27:37.101
where the ones that fell yesterday

00:27:37.101 --> 00:27:40.841
coexist with the ones that fell maybe
one million years ago.

00:27:41.515 --> 00:27:44.524
So, that\'s why the searches focus

00:27:44.524 --> 00:27:47.329
in places that have deserted areas.

00:27:47.728 --> 00:27:50.705
The public does think again about
meteorites

00:27:50.705 --> 00:27:53.048
when something like Chelyabinsk falls.

00:27:53.048 --> 00:27:56.862
Chelyabinsk is the big one that fell in
Russia, about 10 years ago.

00:27:57.227 --> 00:28:00.562
Many people were injured
by breaking glass.

00:28:00.562 --> 00:28:02.107
It was huge,

00:28:02.727 --> 00:28:06.421
one of the biggest that had hit the
Earth in the last 20 years or so.

00:28:09.530 --> 00:28:11.953
These are the building blocks
of the Solar System.

00:28:11.953 --> 00:28:15.192
These are the materials that form
the Sun, the Earth, the Moon,

00:28:15.192 --> 00:28:17.579
all the planets, the comets,
the asteroids.

00:28:17.721 --> 00:28:20.761
All these objects form
from these materials

00:28:20.761 --> 00:28:24.122
that we study in the lab. These
meteorites, these primitive meteorites.

00:28:25.556 --> 00:28:27.974
We can see that immediately
by looking at the Moon.

00:28:27.974 --> 00:28:30.103
The Moon is covered with impact craters.

00:28:37.372 --> 00:28:40.797
The Earth has few impact craters.
Actually, there\'s like maybe 200 or so

00:28:40.797 --> 00:28:44.360
identified impact craters on the Earth,
but the Moon is peppered with them.

00:28:44.360 --> 00:28:45.834
Why does the Earth have so few?

00:28:45.834 --> 00:28:48.640
Because we have erosion and
plate tectonics which has

00:28:48.640 --> 00:28:51.910
destroyed most of the old impact craters.

00:29:00.145 --> 00:29:03.773
If you look at the southern hemisphere of
Mars, it\'s littered with craters,

00:29:03.773 --> 00:29:04.794
craters everywhere.

00:29:05.422 --> 00:29:09.505
What scientist can learn from real
meteorites is extremely important.

00:29:10.535 --> 00:29:14.156
Some of the most abundant
minerals in space

00:29:14.156 --> 00:29:16.656
are the same abundant
minerals in our bodies.

00:29:16.656 --> 00:29:21.969
We are descendants of the material that
formed the Earth and formed the cosmos.

00:29:22.663 --> 00:29:25.586
So yes, you can look at it in that
kind of philosophical way,

00:29:25.586 --> 00:29:31.917
and see that we are just the latest
evolutionary development of this process

00:29:31.917 --> 00:29:34.149
that has been going on since the Big Bang.

00:29:58.184 --> 00:30:00.890
If you look out the window,
everything is round.

00:30:01.404 --> 00:30:06.273
It\'s wonderful to see the edge
of the valley from above,

00:30:06.273 --> 00:30:10.024
then the fields arranged
in circles around it,

00:30:10.024 --> 00:30:13.365
and the city is also rounded with its wall.

00:30:13.576 --> 00:30:19.990
As I said, everything is round and
everything happens around it.

00:30:20.757 --> 00:30:28.842
At school, we learned this was a volcano.

00:30:29.273 --> 00:30:36.546
Later, during the \'60s, we got to know it
was actually a meteorite crater.

00:30:36.546 --> 00:30:39.415
So we had to forget everything
we had learned.

00:30:42.403 --> 00:30:44.929
Right from the start,
all of the Earth\'s story is

00:30:44.929 --> 00:30:47.927
a sum of geological catastrophes,

00:30:47.927 --> 00:30:50.732
but they are not necessarily
bad catastrophes.

00:30:50.732 --> 00:30:53.243
It\'s an opportunity to start over.

00:30:53.243 --> 00:30:57.258
One has to think that 15 million years ago
the dinosaurs were here.

00:30:57.258 --> 00:30:59.837
They were taken off of the Earth,
among other things,

00:30:59.837 --> 00:31:01.657
because a meteorite hit.

00:31:02.230 --> 00:31:05.277
Without that happening, us mammals
would not have developed.

00:31:05.277 --> 00:31:08.463
So to some extent, this blows
have positive effects,

00:31:08.463 --> 00:31:10.095
if you look at it globally.

00:31:14.587 --> 00:31:19.816
These red diodes move at
100 kilometers per hour.

00:31:20.216 --> 00:31:23.872
This one on the side moves
10 times faster, like a plane.

00:31:23.872 --> 00:31:26.538
Here it\'s a car going at
100 kilometers per hour.

00:31:26.538 --> 00:31:28.489
Here it\'s a plane,

00:31:28.489 --> 00:31:32.253
and here it\'s an average meteorite going
at 100 thousand kilometers per hour.

00:31:33.183 --> 00:31:36.462
So, one has to imagine an object
coming from the sky,

00:31:36.464 --> 00:31:40.270
very heavy, with a 1-kilometer diameter,

00:31:40.270 --> 00:31:42.300
at an amazing speed.

00:31:43.038 --> 00:31:46.125
You can never really imagine it accurately.

00:31:47.442 --> 00:31:51.049
The problem with all of this is that
we work with dimensions

00:31:51.049 --> 00:31:53.931
that are unimaginable to humans,

00:31:53.931 --> 00:31:57.070
that abstract themselves from
the human experience:

00:31:57.539 --> 00:32:02.595
tremendous distances, tremendous times,
tremendous speeds.

00:32:02.595 --> 00:32:06.679
And you can begin to try to understand it
with these kinds of comparisons.

00:32:13.335 --> 00:32:19.662
At this moment, the impact craters
are really interesting.

00:32:20.207 --> 00:32:22.733
There is a rising interest in them.

00:32:22.733 --> 00:32:25.668
In german we have the term \'begreifen\'.

00:32:25.668 --> 00:32:29.664
\'Begreifen\' means \'understanding\'
but also \'to take\'.

00:32:29.664 --> 00:32:32.896
And here you can do both, you can
understand it and you can take it.

00:32:33.505 --> 00:32:36.461
You get a feeling out of all of this.

00:32:36.461 --> 00:32:42.040
And when you walk around a crater
made by a 1 cubic kilometer rock,

00:32:42.040 --> 00:32:46.107
you can get an idea of the immense amount
of energy that was released there,

00:32:46.107 --> 00:32:49.415
and that the danger of that happening
in the universe actually exists.

00:32:49.415 --> 00:32:51.337
That is, it sure is on its way here.

00:32:51.337 --> 00:32:53.426
What we ask ourselves is: when.

00:32:58.429 --> 00:33:04.158
In our case, we have a proven
impact crater, a very pretty one,

00:33:04.158 --> 00:33:07.172
south of the Atacama salt fields,
in the second region of Chile,

00:33:07.172 --> 00:33:09.032
that it\'s called Monturaqui crater.

00:33:11.427 --> 00:33:17.477
It\'s a beautiful crater, embedded at the
foot of the mountain range,

00:33:27.821 --> 00:33:32.150
and where fragments of the object
that generated the blow were found,

00:33:32.150 --> 00:33:35.185
a mix of fragments from the
impact that we call impactites;

00:33:35.832 --> 00:33:38.919
some leftovers from the meteorite,

00:33:38.919 --> 00:33:42.464
that is why expeditions come and visit,

00:33:42.798 --> 00:33:48.960
and they have unfortunately taken away
them, they have plundered the material

00:33:48.960 --> 00:33:54.597
and they have taken it for
scientific purposes or to sell it.

00:34:14.446 --> 00:34:19.135
Something that has changed
over the last 20 years now,

00:34:19.702 --> 00:34:23.720
is that meteorites have become more
and more valuable in the market.

00:34:24.032 --> 00:34:29.735
And the value started increasing also
because we found out in the late \'80s,

00:34:29.735 --> 00:34:34.324
that we had meteorites from Mars,
and then meteorites from the Moon.

00:34:34.324 --> 00:34:36.655
And people got really excited about that

00:34:36.655 --> 00:34:39.485
and that\'s when the number of meteorites

00:34:39.485 --> 00:34:44.433
has peaked dramatically
since the early 2000.

00:34:44.433 --> 00:34:48.047
So in the last 20 years, we see
a very sharp increase

00:34:48.047 --> 00:34:50.371
in meteorite recovery programs.

00:34:52.593 --> 00:34:56.506
I study meteorites, and in particular
their chemical composition.

00:34:56.956 --> 00:35:00.969
I wanted to look for chondrules
in an ordinary chondrite,

00:35:00.969 --> 00:35:02.599
in those pristine chondrules.

00:35:03.079 --> 00:35:07.127
I found that Paposo was a really good
candidate for this project.

00:35:07.517 --> 00:35:11.592
So I contacted first the
CEREGE, in Marseilles,

00:35:12.092 --> 00:35:17.118
and they put me in contact with
Rodrigo Martínez in Chile.

00:35:19.771 --> 00:35:23.657
Well, I found this meteorite
back in the year 2010,

00:35:23.657 --> 00:35:25.551
near the old port of Paposo.

00:35:25.551 --> 00:35:28.832
It\'s a meteorite, in belongs to the
group of the ordinary chondrite,

00:35:28.832 --> 00:35:31.404
but it is an extraordinary
specimen within that group.

00:35:31.404 --> 00:35:35.054
The fact that the chondrules were
as big as the one the Paposo has,

00:35:35.054 --> 00:35:40.656
made it possible to extract physically
so we could do the formation analysis,

00:35:41.324 --> 00:35:45.043
and be able to measure time and
age of the Solar System\'s formation.

00:35:58.948 --> 00:36:03.133
And it was selected, among the thousands
of chondrites, there are in the world,

00:36:03.133 --> 00:36:06.828
for this distinctive feature, considering
that when you extract the chondrule

00:36:06.828 --> 00:36:09.723
you will be able to internally
measure each of them,

00:36:09.723 --> 00:36:13.523
for this lead isotopic ratio 206-207.

00:36:17.255 --> 00:36:20.208
So it was amazing because I received Paposo

00:36:21.028 --> 00:36:22.892
by mail,

00:36:22.892 --> 00:36:25.536
and it was a 200 grams slice.

00:36:25.536 --> 00:36:30.485
So the first thing I\'ve done is
take it to the city scan

00:36:30.975 --> 00:36:33.195
and we looked inside the sample

00:36:33.733 --> 00:36:40.021
to see where or what objects will be
interesting to separate and to extract.

00:36:41.268 --> 00:36:44.500
And then it\'s kind of a big international
study at the end, because

00:36:44.500 --> 00:36:51.017
we have people in the US, people in Canada
and people in Germany working on Paposo.

00:37:16.529 --> 00:37:18.896
I\'m just looking for the gloves,

00:37:20.606 --> 00:37:24.285
because I have my gloves in my office.

00:37:25.025 --> 00:37:27.125
Let me look for some gloves here.

00:37:32.368 --> 00:37:34.662
What we got here

00:37:35.897 --> 00:37:41.413
is a piece of the martian meteorite
Caleta el Cobre 022.

00:37:41.413 --> 00:37:46.205
This rock was ejected from Mars
about 11 million years ago,

00:37:46.205 --> 00:37:48.900
then travelled in space for that long time

00:37:48.900 --> 00:37:52.465
an fell in the Atacama Desert
a few thousand years ago.

00:37:52.983 --> 00:37:56.750
This sample will be preserved
in the World Academic Collection

00:37:56.750 --> 00:37:59.857
to be available for scientist
all over the world.

00:38:01.841 --> 00:38:04.687
And it\'s a very...

00:38:04.687 --> 00:38:09.077
... interesting rock because this reddish
crystals, they are crystals of olivine

00:38:09.077 --> 00:38:12.493
that have been altered
by the water on Mars.

00:38:12.493 --> 00:38:17.903
In these minerals, we have some
chemical signature of these fluids

00:38:20.123 --> 00:38:22.397
that were circulating in the martian rocks.

00:38:22.397 --> 00:38:27.498
And there are only 10 meteorites from
this group, which is called nakhlites,

00:38:29.322 --> 00:38:31.565
and this is the last one
that has been found.

00:38:36.379 --> 00:38:40.204
And when Pierre Rochette
and Jerome Gattacceca

00:38:40.204 --> 00:38:44.319
confirmed to us that it was
a martian meteorite,

00:38:44.319 --> 00:38:49.025
I don\'t know,
I can\'t find the words to say it.

00:38:49.240 --> 00:38:54.517
We were very excited about the scientific
value and the monetary value.

00:38:54.517 --> 00:38:57.308
The scientific value is incredible.

00:38:57.308 --> 00:39:02.104
We had some doubt, because
we had researched online

00:39:02.104 --> 00:39:06.449
for meteorite pictures and we saw that
it resembled a martian meteorite,

00:39:06.449 --> 00:39:10.913
and we saw that it looked very similar
to these meteorites called nakhlites.

00:39:18.096 --> 00:39:23.465
Everything that has to do with holding
a piece of Mars, by traveling to Mars

00:39:23.465 --> 00:39:28.028
like the Rover missions
and others are doing,

00:39:29.884 --> 00:39:33.068
it delivers very valuable information
about that kind of processes,

00:39:33.068 --> 00:39:36.648
to be able to understand whether there
is life or how planets evolve,

00:39:36.648 --> 00:39:38.408
how they lose the atmosphere, etc.

00:39:38.798 --> 00:39:43.848
And having... It is tremendously lucky
to actually have a piece of Mars on Earth,

00:39:43.848 --> 00:39:49.993
to be able to analyze that kind of material
and learn about the conditions that formed it.

00:39:50.213 --> 00:39:54.361
We did the classification work,
submitted it to the Meteorite Society.

00:39:54.361 --> 00:39:57.951
Now it\'s called Caleta el Cobre 022,

00:39:58.431 --> 00:40:05.111
because it was the 22nd meteorite found
in this specific area of Caleta el Cobre.

00:40:19.295 --> 00:40:22.866
[Well, this meteorite is called Caleta
el Cobre, that\'s what they named it]

00:40:23.608 --> 00:40:24.928
Caleta el Cobre...

00:40:27.352 --> 00:40:29.773
Who knows, since there is such
a big hole here...

00:40:34.275 --> 00:40:40.494
But, do they know where it exactly fell?
We would have heard of it here on the cove.

00:40:42.284 --> 00:40:45.164
This road right here
is called Road to Heaven.

00:40:46.164 --> 00:40:50.507
You can be sure you are going
straight towards the meteorite,

00:40:50.507 --> 00:40:51.958
you\'ll fall right on it.

00:40:56.096 --> 00:41:02.768
If you began to look, I think you could
probably see them fall every day.

00:41:03.805 --> 00:41:07.449
When they go by really low, it makes a
strong sound and then they disappear.

00:41:09.749 --> 00:41:13.771
When you see them fall nearby,
they disappear.

00:41:15.029 --> 00:41:16.355
And some fall in the sea.

00:41:18.505 --> 00:41:22.578
You think they fall on the sea.
And they might, but

00:41:24.698 --> 00:41:26.230
you can only see the current.

00:41:26.230 --> 00:41:27.660
The line goes like this...

00:41:28.480 --> 00:41:31.762
Then you can tell your girlfriend:
\"I give you a star, my love\"

00:41:31.762 --> 00:41:34.302
where a meteor fell, right next to her.

00:41:35.872 --> 00:41:37.882
You tell her: \"I give you a star, my love\"

00:41:38.202 --> 00:41:39.802
\"So you can ask for a wish\".

00:42:12.417 --> 00:42:14.712
If that little girl from France,

00:42:15.912 --> 00:42:18.344
hadn\'t found that martian meteorite,

00:42:18.344 --> 00:42:20.728
where she found it,

00:42:21.296 --> 00:42:23.256
perhaps no one would have ever found it.

00:42:24.456 --> 00:42:26.761
So, in the long term
she contributed.

00:42:26.761 --> 00:42:29.173
There is no black market for
meteorites these days.

00:42:29.173 --> 00:42:31.268
Today we have the freedom to find them

00:42:31.268 --> 00:42:34.202
and do what we want with them,
because they belong to us.

00:42:34.202 --> 00:42:37.346
A meteorite today in Chile,
belongs to whoever finds it.

00:42:37.346 --> 00:42:41.549
We\'ve done more with meteorites than it\'s
ever been done with any government agency,

00:42:41.549 --> 00:42:43.479
that could have ever been done,

00:42:43.479 --> 00:42:48.647
to find more meteorites, and promote more
meteorites and protect more meteorites,

00:42:48.647 --> 00:42:51.638
by looking for them, and getting them,

00:42:51.638 --> 00:42:54.728
and marketing them, and teaching
and educating people about them.

00:42:54.728 --> 00:42:57.970
All those things happen because
of private enterprise and the drive

00:42:57.970 --> 00:43:00.833
for the fun, the money,
and the adventure and stuff.

00:43:01.348 --> 00:43:03.325
The government doesn\'t work that way:

00:43:03.325 --> 00:43:06.305
\"I\'m not gonna move at all
unless you put some money on\".

00:43:06.305 --> 00:43:09.433
Dealers in order to sell the meteorites
for what they are worth,

00:43:09.433 --> 00:43:11.611
have to know what kind
of meteorite there is.

00:43:11.611 --> 00:43:14.490
They have to have some scientist
at a university, a museum

00:43:14.490 --> 00:43:18.458
classify them, analyze them and say
what kind of a meteorite it is.

00:43:18.756 --> 00:43:22.110
These services aren\'t free,
so these scientists will say:

00:43:22.110 --> 00:43:26.167
\"Give me a piece of your meteorite,
and we\'ll deposit it in the collection

00:43:26.167 --> 00:43:27.963
and in return for that,

00:43:27.963 --> 00:43:31.583
I will analyze it, classify it and
tell you what kind of a meteorite it is\".

00:43:31.583 --> 00:43:33.182
Then you can set the prize.

00:43:33.182 --> 00:43:34.787
So, everybody benefits.

00:43:43.715 --> 00:43:46.993
One has to have mixed feelings
as a scientist about

00:43:46.993 --> 00:43:49.303
selling meteorites.

00:43:49.303 --> 00:43:53.544
The hunting, of course, is great,
because they find new...

00:43:53.544 --> 00:43:54.994
We\'re getting new meteorites.

00:43:54.994 --> 00:43:59.124
And now we\'re starting to get new kinds of
meteorites from the Atacama Desert.

00:44:00.686 --> 00:44:04.672
But on the other hand, to have this

00:44:05.811 --> 00:44:08.488
action mainly guided by capitalism,

00:44:09.111 --> 00:44:12.073
rather than by science, means that

00:44:12.073 --> 00:44:14.811
some of the best meteorites
end up in private collections

00:44:14.811 --> 00:44:17.205
where they are not accessible to science.

00:44:17.893 --> 00:44:21.433
In most parts of the world
there is no legislation for it.

00:44:22.307 --> 00:44:26.884
During the \'70s the UNESCO declared
meteorites as a World Heritage,

00:44:26.884 --> 00:44:28.662
but left it to each country

00:44:29.724 --> 00:44:33.959
to decide how they would operate
regarding their heritages.

00:44:35.320 --> 00:44:39.066
And therefore, the countries that have
done it, have generally been

00:44:39.066 --> 00:44:42.815
countries that have been stressed out
about some situations, in particular.

00:44:43.074 --> 00:44:44.248
In Argentina\'s case,

00:44:44.248 --> 00:44:47.868
it was this really famous meteorite
called Campo del Cielo,

00:44:47.868 --> 00:44:53.331
where collectors on helicopters
flew from all over the world

00:44:53.331 --> 00:44:57.008
to take out pieces that
weighted more than 100 tons.

00:44:57.602 --> 00:45:00.183
What can I say?
I was possessed in this meteorite.

00:45:00.183 --> 00:45:02.664
37 tons, the energy around it.
It was like:

00:45:03.126 --> 00:45:05.197
\"This thing is...

00:45:06.807 --> 00:45:09.377
Here is the biggest coolest meteorite\".

00:45:09.377 --> 00:45:13.187
Well, it was too big, it was too...

00:45:13.837 --> 00:45:14.923
It just didn\'t happen.

00:45:15.483 --> 00:45:21.214
So the reaction was really quick from
politicians and from everyone. They said:

00:45:21.214 --> 00:45:25.843
\"This can\'t be, this is our heritage\",
so they made a law for meteorites

00:45:25.843 --> 00:45:27.191
to be a cultural object.

00:45:27.191 --> 00:45:30.310
You can\'t say meteorites are
a cultural property,

00:45:30.310 --> 00:45:32.799
because they fell out of the sky.

00:45:32.799 --> 00:45:37.462
They didn\'t have any owner, they had no
contact or connection with humans.

00:45:37.462 --> 00:45:40.342
If a rock that fell of the sky.
either just now:

00:45:41.531 --> 00:45:43.803
\"Wow! It went through the roof?\".

00:45:44.269 --> 00:45:49.642
Nobody cared until they were valuable.
Nobody cared at all.

00:45:58.931 --> 00:46:01.806
If you say hunting meteorites
is illegal in Chile,

00:46:01.806 --> 00:46:04.675
I guarantee you next year Bolivia

00:46:04.675 --> 00:46:07.686
will have a massive ammount of
meteorites being found.

00:46:12.818 --> 00:46:16.440
Chile is a big country and if the
Government were to put a stop to it,

00:46:16.440 --> 00:46:18.422
no one will go, no one will find it.

00:46:19.547 --> 00:46:22.489
And maybe it\'ll sit there for
a million years, maybe not.

00:46:23.037 --> 00:46:26.140
But if the Government wants pieces
and to build a bug museum,

00:46:26.140 --> 00:46:27.863
then somebody has to go find it.

00:46:35.495 --> 00:46:41.325
It is important to preserve the things
that will enhance the territory\'s culture

00:46:41.325 --> 00:46:46.806
and at the same time stimulate science,
culture, art, or whatever it may be,

00:46:46.806 --> 00:46:48.965
on your territory.

00:47:02.606 --> 00:47:05.676
Meteorites, because of
the vulnerability they have,

00:47:05.676 --> 00:47:08.376
have an urgency to be protected right now:

00:47:09.232 --> 00:47:12.551
establish rules for exploration,

00:47:12.551 --> 00:47:14.498
the exploitation

00:47:14.498 --> 00:47:17.307
and the sails interactions

00:47:17.307 --> 00:47:19.334
on whatever it has to do with meteorites.

00:47:19.334 --> 00:47:24.346
At least 20% should be preserved
in local institutions,

00:47:24.346 --> 00:47:27.714
but with a strong suggestion
that it should be more.

00:47:27.714 --> 00:47:31.758
In the case of rare meteorites,

00:47:31.758 --> 00:47:35.538
we should be able to ask
the person who found it

00:47:35.538 --> 00:47:36.708
to donate more material.

00:47:36.708 --> 00:47:40.193
I think the best solution is to have

00:47:40.193 --> 00:47:42.493
in Chile somebody, a group
working on meteorites,

00:47:42.493 --> 00:47:45.753
and people they will naturally send
the meteorites to be classified,

00:47:45.753 --> 00:47:49.712
they will collaborate with the scientist
to help the meteorite classified in Chile,

00:47:49.712 --> 00:47:52.832
and that\'s how you keep material
and you build a collection.

00:48:05.608 --> 00:48:08.644
What we would like to do
with the meteorite?

00:48:13.629 --> 00:48:15.069
Regarding nakhlite,

00:48:15.069 --> 00:48:18.819
we would like to wait a while for
the investigation to move forward.

00:48:20.176 --> 00:48:26.186
You never know, they could find
extraordinary things from this meteorite,

00:48:26.186 --> 00:48:29.079
and then, eventually, probably sell it.

00:48:32.683 --> 00:48:36.813
We would like it to be kept by someone
who is passionate about this,

00:48:36.813 --> 00:48:38.503
a museum maybe.

00:48:40.793 --> 00:48:44.173
We have had offers, but we
haven\'t answered them.

00:49:08.916 --> 00:49:13.518
Meteorites do matter. In the geological
circle it\'s almost like a hobby,

00:49:15.345 --> 00:49:21.009
but they have a greater scientific importance
to understanding things that will explain

00:49:21.009 --> 00:49:25.009
how the Earth was formed, that is
an anomaly within the Solar System.

00:49:27.753 --> 00:49:32.828
This idea that we are the sons
of the stars is very thrilling,

00:49:34.089 --> 00:49:37.679
I say: \"No, we are the stars\' grandsons\".

00:49:37.679 --> 00:49:41.659
We are actually Earth\'s sons,
and Earth is a planet,

00:49:41.659 --> 00:49:44.329
and in some way
meteorites are the material,

00:49:44.329 --> 00:49:50.679
they are the matter that condensed to
generate everything that sustains us.

00:49:56.959 --> 00:50:00.919
It gives me a sense of fulfillment,
makes me really happy. I think I\'ll die...

00:50:00.919 --> 00:50:04.938
... and I won\'t have enough lifetimes to try
to understand the things that lay there,

00:50:05.825 --> 00:50:08.005
on a tiny piece of rock,

00:50:08.478 --> 00:50:12.048
because they have a complexity
very different from terrestrial rocks

00:50:13.505 --> 00:50:16.285
just because of the way they were formed.

00:50:21.495 --> 00:50:25.495
People are not yet paying attention
to how important this is.

00:50:25.495 --> 00:50:29.495
And I think that this is
an exciting time to be young.

00:50:29.915 --> 00:50:32.225
There\'s no way for me
to turn back the clock.

00:50:40.225 --> 00:50:44.225
The dream for us would be to find a
meteorite coming from Venus or Mercury,

00:50:44.225 --> 00:50:48.225
because we have no samples from anything

00:50:48.225 --> 00:50:51.963
closer to the Sun than the Earth
or the Moon right now.

00:50:51.963 --> 00:50:55.533
Everything comes from outside,
from the asteroid belt, from Mars,

00:50:55.533 --> 00:50:58.041
from, potentially, the outer Solar System.

00:50:58.041 --> 00:51:00.661
Yeah, I mean the next meteorite you find
could be a unique one

00:51:00.661 --> 00:51:02.824
that tells us something
completely different.

00:51:02.824 --> 00:51:06.256
That\'s what makes hunting for them so fun:
you never know what you are gonna find.

00:51:06.256 --> 00:51:07.952
There\'s a cool one coming you guys.

00:51:07.952 --> 00:51:09.632
I know there\'s a cool one coming.

00:51:10.052 --> 00:51:12.552
We\'re gonna all zoom over there
and look for it

00:51:12.552 --> 00:51:15.782
and find pieces of like:
\"Wow, look at this, something new!\".

00:51:15.782 --> 00:51:18.098
And it\'s on its way, right?

00:51:18.098 --> 00:51:18.993
So,

00:51:19.308 --> 00:51:21.353
I wouldn\'t wanna sell those either.