WEBVTT

00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:06.000
[quiet contemplative music]

00:00:15.700 --> 00:00:17.233
- I look at these suburbs.

00:00:17.267 --> 00:00:24.133
I see monotony,
a dulling of the spirit.

00:00:24.167 --> 00:00:25.533
- We knew all about
this community,

00:00:25.567 --> 00:00:27.133
and so we wanted to get a place
over here.

00:00:27.167 --> 00:00:28.933
You can just send your kids
out the back door

00:00:28.967 --> 00:00:31.033
to go and play
with a bunch of kids

00:00:31.067 --> 00:00:35.100
and not have to worry.

00:00:35.133 --> 00:00:39.933
- Standard basic office design
is pretty tragic.

00:00:39.967 --> 00:00:43.567
- We proposed
a human-friendly building

00:00:43.600 --> 00:00:48.733
experiencing a garden.

00:00:48.767 --> 00:00:50.867
- Inside the other building,
there wasn\'t much light.

00:00:50.900 --> 00:00:53.533
It would all be
fluorescent lights and stuff.

00:00:53.567 --> 00:00:55.233
And this is more open.

00:00:55.267 --> 00:01:00.600
We connected more
to what was around us.

00:01:00.633 --> 00:01:02.133
- If we are stressed...

00:01:02.167 --> 00:01:04.733
And certainly, most people
in the hospital are stressed...

00:01:04.767 --> 00:01:07.633
If we step out
into a green place,

00:01:07.667 --> 00:01:09.433
our blood pressure goes down.

00:01:09.467 --> 00:01:11.300
Our heart rate slows down.

00:01:11.333 --> 00:01:14.433
Our immune response improves.

00:01:17.300 --> 00:01:21.067
- People possess an inborn need
for contact with nature

00:01:21.100 --> 00:01:23.733
essential to their physical
and mental health,

00:01:23.767 --> 00:01:25.833
productivity,
and well-being.

00:01:25.867 --> 00:01:28.233
This is something
we have called biophilia.

00:01:28.267 --> 00:01:30.933
Satisfying this need
for contact with nature

00:01:30.967 --> 00:01:32.533
in the modern built environment

00:01:32.567 --> 00:01:35.667
is something we are calling
biophilic design.

00:01:37.400 --> 00:01:39.967
People\'s biological need
for contact with nature

00:01:40.000 --> 00:01:42.767
originates in our long history
as a species

00:01:42.800 --> 00:01:44.500
where we evolved in a natural,

00:01:44.533 --> 00:01:47.400
not an artificial
or human-constructed world.

00:01:47.433 --> 00:01:50.833
Consequently, our senses,
our emotions,

00:01:50.867 --> 00:01:52.333
and even our intellect developed

00:01:52.367 --> 00:01:54.767
in close association
with nature.

00:01:54.800 --> 00:01:57.233
This biological need
for contact with nature

00:01:57.267 --> 00:01:58.767
continues to be important

00:01:58.800 --> 00:02:03.000
even in our highly built
and increasingly urban society.

00:02:03.033 --> 00:02:06.133
Indeed, the natural habitat
of modern people

00:02:06.167 --> 00:02:08.733
has in many ways become
the built environment,

00:02:08.767 --> 00:02:14.033
where, on average,
we spend 90% of our time.

00:02:14.067 --> 00:02:18.033
Unfortunately, many if not
most of our buildings and cities

00:02:18.067 --> 00:02:21.533
have become places of extensive
environmental damage

00:02:21.567 --> 00:02:24.733
and increasing separation
from nature.

00:02:24.767 --> 00:02:27.433
Recent progress
in sustainable design

00:02:27.467 --> 00:02:29.900
has certainly improved
the situation,

00:02:29.933 --> 00:02:33.533
but most sustainable design
focuses only on reducing

00:02:33.567 --> 00:02:36.500
environmental damage
from waste and pollution

00:02:36.533 --> 00:02:41.133
or excessive use of resources
like energy and water.

00:02:41.167 --> 00:02:43.133
Biophilic design is thus about

00:02:43.167 --> 00:02:45.167
creating good habitat for people

00:02:45.200 --> 00:02:46.800
in a modern built environment

00:02:46.833 --> 00:02:50.200
that satisfies their need
for beneficial contact

00:02:50.233 --> 00:02:52.833
with the natural world.

00:02:52.867 --> 00:02:55.033
But what specifically do we mean

00:02:55.067 --> 00:02:56.467
by biophilic design,

00:02:56.500 --> 00:02:58.600
and how could it
be accomplished?

00:02:58.633 --> 00:03:00.967
In addressing
these important questions,

00:03:01.000 --> 00:03:03.667
we will confront
such intriguing findings as:

00:03:03.700 --> 00:03:06.967
more productive and satisfied
manufacturing workers

00:03:07.000 --> 00:03:09.967
when they move to facilities
with natural light,

00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:15.433
restored landscapes,
and other biophilic features;

00:03:15.467 --> 00:03:17.700
people recovering faster
from major illnesses

00:03:17.733 --> 00:03:18.967
and medical surgery

00:03:19.000 --> 00:03:23.700
when they have contact with
and views of nature;

00:03:23.733 --> 00:03:25.733
children having higher
test scores,

00:03:25.767 --> 00:03:28.533
being less absent,
and showing better attention

00:03:28.567 --> 00:03:31.567
when they are in schools
with greater natural lighting,

00:03:31.600 --> 00:03:37.333
access to the outdoors,
and fewer artificial materials;

00:03:37.367 --> 00:03:40.533
many of the world\'s most revered
and celebrated buildings

00:03:40.567 --> 00:03:42.800
being filled with shapes
and forms

00:03:42.833 --> 00:03:47.500
inspired by designs
found in nature.

00:03:47.533 --> 00:03:50.633
We are therefore convinced
that environmental degradation

00:03:50.667 --> 00:03:52.333
and alienation from nature

00:03:52.367 --> 00:03:55.000
are not inevitable consequences
of modern life

00:03:55.033 --> 00:03:56.500
but rather failures

00:03:56.533 --> 00:03:58.200
in how we have
deliberately chosen

00:03:58.233 --> 00:04:01.167
to design our buildings
and our cities.

00:04:01.200 --> 00:04:03.700
We designed ourselves
into this predicament,

00:04:03.733 --> 00:04:05.833
and we can design ourselves
out of it

00:04:05.867 --> 00:04:08.900
with the help
of biophilic design.

00:04:08.933 --> 00:04:12.600
[inspiring music]

00:04:24.600 --> 00:04:27.900
[calming piano music]

00:04:27.933 --> 00:04:31.133
- Humanity had grown up
in nature, so to speak,

00:04:31.167 --> 00:04:33.633
over millions of years,

00:04:33.667 --> 00:04:38.800
and our very survival,
generation by generation,

00:04:38.833 --> 00:04:41.500
over countless generations

00:04:41.533 --> 00:04:46.733
was dependent upon
the connection with nature,

00:04:46.767 --> 00:04:49.200
understanding
of other organisms,

00:04:49.233 --> 00:04:53.200
the love of parts of nature.

00:04:53.233 --> 00:04:55.900
People everywhere
around the world

00:04:55.933 --> 00:04:57.600
want to see other living things.

00:04:57.633 --> 00:05:00.567
They want to have them
around them, and they...

00:05:00.600 --> 00:05:04.933
In most societies that have
any extra means,

00:05:04.967 --> 00:05:08.233
they want to be able to return
to natural environments

00:05:08.267 --> 00:05:10.900
and be there for a while.

00:05:10.933 --> 00:05:13.733
That is not just
for our pleasure,

00:05:13.767 --> 00:05:16.667
but as it was
in Paleolithic times,

00:05:16.700 --> 00:05:20.700
necessary for our survival.

00:05:20.733 --> 00:05:22.900
- We tend to like things
that are good for us.

00:05:22.933 --> 00:05:25.600
We seek out trees and shade
because it\'s been important

00:05:25.633 --> 00:05:28.800
to sort of be able to find
that sense of refuge and shade,

00:05:28.833 --> 00:05:30.867
to be able to climb a tree
if we have to, quickly,

00:05:30.900 --> 00:05:32.833
to get out of harm\'s way.

00:05:32.867 --> 00:05:34.300
Water is one of those things.

00:05:34.333 --> 00:05:37.133
We absolutely essentially
need water.

00:05:37.167 --> 00:05:41.733
- A waterfall signifies
an abundant supply

00:05:41.767 --> 00:05:45.100
of fresh and healthful water.

00:05:45.133 --> 00:05:49.733
Flowers represent
the bursting forth of nature.

00:05:49.767 --> 00:05:51.767
They represent
the happy feelings

00:05:51.800 --> 00:05:54.867
of being there
when nature is coming forth

00:05:54.900 --> 00:05:58.300
and is bountiful.

00:05:58.333 --> 00:06:05.800
I think beauty is our word
for the perfection

00:06:05.833 --> 00:06:09.333
of those qualities
of environment

00:06:09.367 --> 00:06:13.833
that have contributed the most
to human survival.

00:06:21.800 --> 00:06:23.967
- If you look at it
in terms of its negative,

00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:25.433
if we\'re deprived
of the opportunity

00:06:25.467 --> 00:06:27.267
to affiliate with nature,

00:06:27.300 --> 00:06:29.033
it also affects us.

00:06:29.067 --> 00:06:30.700
If we were in a room,
for example,

00:06:30.733 --> 00:06:33.067
that had no windows,

00:06:33.100 --> 00:06:36.467
that had just artificial light
and processed air

00:06:36.500 --> 00:06:39.133
that was six inches
above your head,

00:06:39.167 --> 00:06:40.533
even though you could have

00:06:40.567 --> 00:06:43.233
all the elements that would
keep you alive in that room,

00:06:43.267 --> 00:06:47.167
after a while, you would feel
very, very uncomfortable.

00:06:47.200 --> 00:06:51.233
You would experience fatigue,
and your morale would flag.

00:06:51.267 --> 00:06:52.967
You would start to sweat.

00:06:53.000 --> 00:06:55.167
Basically you wouldn\'t want
to be there for very long,

00:06:55.200 --> 00:06:57.167
and if you were there
for very long,

00:06:57.200 --> 00:07:00.100
if somehow you couldn\'t
escape from that room

00:07:00.133 --> 00:07:02.667
for a relatively small
period of time,

00:07:02.700 --> 00:07:04.533
I\'d say a couple days,

00:07:04.567 --> 00:07:08.267
you would start to have
a kind of a sensory deprivation.

00:07:15.133 --> 00:07:16.333
- If you look at sustainability,

00:07:16.367 --> 00:07:18.100
it really is what impact
does people

00:07:18.133 --> 00:07:20.367
and their behaviors
have on the natural environment?

00:07:20.400 --> 00:07:22.400
And biophilia
turns that on its head and says,

00:07:22.433 --> 00:07:24.700
\"What impact
does nature have on us?\"

00:07:28.300 --> 00:07:30.900
Great architects have
intuitively sensed these things

00:07:30.933 --> 00:07:33.300
without probably
even articulating

00:07:33.333 --> 00:07:36.267
or being able to articulate
why they did what they did.

00:07:36.300 --> 00:07:41.067
It just seemed right.

00:07:41.100 --> 00:07:44.133
And those buildings
that have consistent appeal

00:07:44.167 --> 00:07:46.667
tend to have these elements
of biophilia

00:07:46.700 --> 00:07:48.133
throughout the ages.

00:07:53.400 --> 00:07:56.133
- For too long,
we\'ve seen our cities develop

00:07:56.167 --> 00:08:01.500
with such an absence of life.

00:08:01.533 --> 00:08:03.367
And even green building,

00:08:03.400 --> 00:08:05.933
even though the main point
behind green building

00:08:05.967 --> 00:08:07.933
is to reduce
environmental impact

00:08:07.967 --> 00:08:11.000
and have less of a burden
on the environment,

00:08:11.033 --> 00:08:12.000
there hasn\'t been enough

00:08:12.033 --> 00:08:15.200
of an explicit
sort of connection

00:08:15.233 --> 00:08:19.800
with the idea of making sure
that life and nature itself

00:08:19.833 --> 00:08:22.700
is brought into architecture,
that\'s brought into the design,

00:08:22.733 --> 00:08:25.200
and there certainly have been
a lot of projects

00:08:25.233 --> 00:08:27.000
that have been called \"green\"

00:08:27.033 --> 00:08:29.200
and perhaps use less
energy and water

00:08:29.233 --> 00:08:31.033
than their
traditional counterparts,

00:08:31.067 --> 00:08:33.233
but they still are
fairly sterile environments,

00:08:33.267 --> 00:08:34.967
so they still don\'t allow people

00:08:35.000 --> 00:08:37.433
to reach
their fullest potential.

00:08:39.433 --> 00:08:44.433
[bright electric guitar music]

00:08:48.267 --> 00:08:50.500
female narrator: Given the
benefits of connecting people

00:08:50.533 --> 00:08:52.800
in the built environment
to nature,

00:08:52.833 --> 00:08:56.500
how do we accomplish
biophilic design?

00:08:56.533 --> 00:08:57.500
There are many ways

00:08:57.533 --> 00:08:59.400
biophilic design
can be achieved,

00:08:59.433 --> 00:09:01.200
some direct and obvious,

00:09:01.233 --> 00:09:04.767
others more subtle and indirect.

00:09:04.800 --> 00:09:06.367
Biophilic design strategies

00:09:06.400 --> 00:09:08.967
can occur singly
or in combination:

00:09:09.000 --> 00:09:12.167
for example, a building
of stone and wood

00:09:12.200 --> 00:09:15.000
flooded with daylight;

00:09:15.033 --> 00:09:17.533
an interior atrium
filled with plants

00:09:17.567 --> 00:09:20.300
and decorations
that mimic natural forms

00:09:20.333 --> 00:09:25.867
all within an open
yet secure space.

00:09:25.900 --> 00:09:27.533
We will explore
these different elements

00:09:27.567 --> 00:09:28.900
of biophilic design

00:09:28.933 --> 00:09:32.800
in both historic and modern
buildings and communities.

00:09:51.100 --> 00:09:53.633
- I would suggest to the young
architects of the world

00:09:53.667 --> 00:09:57.067
that they cultivate an eye
to see nature,

00:09:57.100 --> 00:09:59.567
a heart to feel nature,

00:09:59.600 --> 00:10:06.433
and I would suggest the boldness
to follow nature at all hazards.

00:10:09.967 --> 00:10:11.533
- \"Fallingwater,\" the irony is

00:10:11.567 --> 00:10:13.067
it\'s built right
into a stream course.

00:10:13.100 --> 00:10:15.333
You couldn\'t possibly
do that today.

00:10:15.367 --> 00:10:18.733
It uses far more materials
and consumes far more materials

00:10:18.767 --> 00:10:20.100
than you would want.

00:10:20.133 --> 00:10:24.900
And yet, the structure oozes
a positive and affirmative

00:10:24.933 --> 00:10:27.067
and aesthetically
compelling relationship

00:10:27.100 --> 00:10:29.700
between people and nature.

00:10:29.733 --> 00:10:32.367
- It really is a part
of the falls.

00:10:32.400 --> 00:10:34.633
You don\'t really
see the falls much.

00:10:34.667 --> 00:10:36.033
You hear them,

00:10:36.067 --> 00:10:37.533
you sense them,

00:10:37.567 --> 00:10:39.400
and the building and the falls,

00:10:39.433 --> 00:10:41.933
in a way, are one.

00:10:41.967 --> 00:10:45.133
If he had built downstream
looking back at the falls

00:10:45.167 --> 00:10:50.200
from that famous view
but without the building there,

00:10:50.233 --> 00:10:52.933
you\'d be a spectator.

00:10:52.967 --> 00:10:54.367
And with the building as it is,

00:10:54.400 --> 00:10:56.567
you\'re really a participant.

00:11:00.133 --> 00:11:03.467
- In many ways, the new
California Academy of Science

00:11:03.500 --> 00:11:05.333
is sort of the un-museum,

00:11:05.367 --> 00:11:09.267
because what Renzo
and the exhibit designers did

00:11:09.300 --> 00:11:11.867
was approach museum design
in a very different way.

00:11:11.900 --> 00:11:14.267
And so instead of having
a very dark building

00:11:14.300 --> 00:11:18.300
full of long, hallowed halls
and dark, dusty areas,

00:11:18.333 --> 00:11:20.167
we have a light-filled building,

00:11:20.200 --> 00:11:21.567
there\'s glass everywhere,

00:11:21.600 --> 00:11:22.933
and immediately, I think,

00:11:22.967 --> 00:11:24.367
you can see connections
with nature

00:11:24.400 --> 00:11:25.633
between our exhibits

00:11:25.667 --> 00:11:28.567
and the outside park
where we are.

00:11:28.600 --> 00:11:30.400
And indeed,
the living roof above us,

00:11:30.433 --> 00:11:33.333
the notion of that was
you\'ve lifted the park up,

00:11:33.367 --> 00:11:35.133
built a museum underneath it,

00:11:35.167 --> 00:11:36.607
and then dropped
the roof back down...

00:11:36.633 --> 00:11:40.667
A living roof back down
on top of our museum.

00:11:40.700 --> 00:11:42.600
And so it\'s all a part
of that whole idea

00:11:42.633 --> 00:11:44.400
of bringing nature
into the building

00:11:44.433 --> 00:11:46.100
and yet still being able
to relate to nature

00:11:46.133 --> 00:11:47.233
outside the building as well

00:11:47.267 --> 00:11:48.833
as opposed
to a hard concrete wall

00:11:48.867 --> 00:11:52.467
between the two.

00:11:52.500 --> 00:11:54.500
We want people to learn things.

00:11:54.533 --> 00:11:57.300
However, you can\'t
make people learn things.

00:11:57.333 --> 00:11:59.133
What we hope happens here is,

00:11:59.167 --> 00:12:01.500
because of the nature
of the building

00:12:01.533 --> 00:12:04.000
and then because of the nature
of the exhibits,

00:12:04.033 --> 00:12:06.033
we touch people\'s emotions.

00:12:06.067 --> 00:12:07.367
So the emotional aspects

00:12:07.400 --> 00:12:09.467
of coming to a facility
like this are key.

00:12:09.500 --> 00:12:11.033
Without those emotional aspects,

00:12:11.067 --> 00:12:12.700
without the emotional
connection,

00:12:12.733 --> 00:12:16.633
learning and certainly caring
is unlikely to follow.

00:12:21.233 --> 00:12:23.367
- When we first stuck
the green roof out there,

00:12:23.400 --> 00:12:24.833
there were little sedum plugs,

00:12:24.867 --> 00:12:27.567
and tiny little
no-see-um bugs started coming,

00:12:27.600 --> 00:12:29.800
then ladybugs,
bugs following the bugs,

00:12:29.833 --> 00:12:31.733
small birds following the bugs,

00:12:31.767 --> 00:12:34.867
and then ultimately,
we end up with predatory birds.

00:12:34.900 --> 00:12:36.133
There\'s kestrels,

00:12:36.167 --> 00:12:38.800
which hunt the small birds
on our roof right now,

00:12:38.833 --> 00:12:40.800
so this idea
that life follows life,

00:12:40.833 --> 00:12:42.033
that you can make a difference...

00:12:42.067 --> 00:12:44.000
We can take a hot,
bubbling tar beach

00:12:44.033 --> 00:12:46.833
and make it a new
little ecosystem

00:12:46.867 --> 00:12:48.367
knitted into the one next door,

00:12:48.400 --> 00:12:50.333
and we can make the world
a better place.

00:12:50.367 --> 00:12:55.233
Life follows life.

00:12:55.267 --> 00:12:58.400
- If you have
a biophilic building,

00:12:58.433 --> 00:13:00.600
they\'re extremely pleasing.

00:13:00.633 --> 00:13:03.733
One of them
is the relatively new

00:13:03.767 --> 00:13:05.433
Finnish embassy in Washington,

00:13:05.467 --> 00:13:10.333
which is built right at the edge
of Rock Creek Park,

00:13:10.367 --> 00:13:13.833
and you\'re practically
in the woods.

00:13:13.867 --> 00:13:16.067
They didn\'t cut any trees.

00:13:16.100 --> 00:13:18.000
They built it so you can look
through the trees

00:13:18.033 --> 00:13:20.400
down towards Rock Creek itself,

00:13:20.433 --> 00:13:24.433
and that is very beautiful
and soothing and interesting.

00:13:24.467 --> 00:13:29.467
[calming synthesized music]

00:13:31.233 --> 00:13:33.233
narrator: Biophilic design
is also about the use

00:13:33.267 --> 00:13:35.800
of materials obtained
from nature.

00:13:35.833 --> 00:13:38.067
A tree converted to timber,

00:13:38.100 --> 00:13:39.533
then used as building material

00:13:39.567 --> 00:13:42.700
for walls, floors,
and furnishings.

00:13:42.733 --> 00:13:45.500
Or stone mined in a quarry

00:13:45.533 --> 00:13:51.133
used as a building facade,
a lobby, or a countertop.

00:13:51.167 --> 00:13:53.500
The use of natural materials
can make buildings

00:13:53.533 --> 00:13:55.800
more functional and beautiful,

00:13:55.833 --> 00:14:02.033
creating feelings of connection
to the natural world.

00:14:02.067 --> 00:14:05.067
- Housing in the Lake District
is more or less formed

00:14:05.100 --> 00:14:07.800
by people piling up local stones
with a bit of mortar

00:14:07.833 --> 00:14:09.133
and some slate on the roof.

00:14:09.167 --> 00:14:11.233
Not expensive in financial terms

00:14:11.267 --> 00:14:15.267
and a building that will last
thousands of years.

00:14:15.300 --> 00:14:17.067
- People have liked stones,
which kind of show

00:14:17.100 --> 00:14:19.600
kind of fossils and the kind of
life of sedimented life.

00:14:19.633 --> 00:14:21.367
We know that chalk, for example,

00:14:21.400 --> 00:14:23.033
there\'s, you know,
millions and millions

00:14:23.067 --> 00:14:24.567
of little kind of creatures,
you know,

00:14:24.600 --> 00:14:25.633
sacrificing their life

00:14:25.667 --> 00:14:27.500
to take carbon dioxide
out of the air

00:14:27.533 --> 00:14:29.467
to produce a livable environment
for us today.

00:14:29.500 --> 00:14:31.600
So, you know, we like,
maybe, limestones

00:14:31.633 --> 00:14:33.500
for those kinds of reasons.

00:14:38.233 --> 00:14:42.167
- We\'re a school that teaches
the design-build process.

00:14:42.200 --> 00:14:44.000
We teach a lot of natural
building techniques.

00:14:44.033 --> 00:14:46.100
We teach traditional
timber framing,

00:14:46.133 --> 00:14:48.533
straw bale building,
cob building.

00:14:53.400 --> 00:14:55.567
The local thing is something
that we really focus on here

00:14:55.600 --> 00:14:56.833
because we\'re in Vermont.

00:14:56.867 --> 00:15:00.600
We have wood, stone, clay.

00:15:00.633 --> 00:15:02.800
They\'re all locally
available things,

00:15:02.833 --> 00:15:06.200
and just the fact
that we use a lot of wood

00:15:06.233 --> 00:15:08.567
does bring, I think,
a sense of biophilia

00:15:08.600 --> 00:15:10.667
into the designs
that come out of Yestermorrow.

00:15:10.700 --> 00:15:12.067
It\'s handcrafted wood

00:15:12.100 --> 00:15:14.467
that you can see the hand plane
marks on it

00:15:14.500 --> 00:15:17.533
or maybe some imperfection
in a piece of wood

00:15:17.567 --> 00:15:21.833
that was felled
right down the road.

00:15:21.867 --> 00:15:25.400
- The new home of the School of
Forestry & Environmental Studies

00:15:25.433 --> 00:15:28.200
had to reflect our values

00:15:28.233 --> 00:15:31.900
and had to be an outgrowth
and a projection

00:15:31.933 --> 00:15:34.000
of what the school stood for.

00:15:34.033 --> 00:15:38.300
In other words, we wanted
a beautiful green building.

00:15:38.333 --> 00:15:41.067
- The great thing
at Kroon, really, is,

00:15:41.100 --> 00:15:43.133
we have managed
to make a building

00:15:43.167 --> 00:15:44.833
which hopefully fits into Yale

00:15:44.867 --> 00:15:48.100
and will go the distance
in terms of time,

00:15:48.133 --> 00:15:52.333
so relatively traditional
stone facades,

00:15:52.367 --> 00:15:54.733
but then, actually,
you go around the corner,

00:15:54.767 --> 00:15:56.200
and the ends
are completely glazed.

00:15:56.233 --> 00:16:00.700
It\'s clearly a modern,
contemporary building.

00:16:00.733 --> 00:16:05.100
- The paneling is mostly from
our school forest.

00:16:05.133 --> 00:16:06.700
Our builders
are trying to tell us

00:16:06.733 --> 00:16:09.567
this is the first time
that they have worked

00:16:09.600 --> 00:16:13.267
on the wood issue
from the very beginning.

00:16:13.300 --> 00:16:16.600
They are involved
in the selection of the trees,

00:16:16.633 --> 00:16:19.467
the cutting of the trees,
sustainably,

00:16:19.500 --> 00:16:22.000
the certification
of our forest activities

00:16:22.033 --> 00:16:27.333
by the Forest
Stewardship Council.

00:16:27.367 --> 00:16:29.133
It makes it very special for us

00:16:29.167 --> 00:16:32.933
because here we are
in our forest.

00:16:32.967 --> 00:16:35.000
[upbeat piano music]

00:16:35.033 --> 00:16:37.400
- The magic of natural materials

00:16:37.433 --> 00:16:39.000
is that each panel is similar.

00:16:39.033 --> 00:16:41.333
I mean, you can tell
this is the same wood

00:16:41.367 --> 00:16:43.100
from the same species...
From red oak...

00:16:43.133 --> 00:16:46.700
And yet every panel
has its own difference

00:16:46.733 --> 00:16:49.667
in grain and texture and color,

00:16:49.700 --> 00:16:52.033
which will not only be
at one point in time;

00:16:52.067 --> 00:16:53.400
it\'ll be across time,

00:16:53.433 --> 00:16:57.967
because natural materials
always age and change over time.

00:16:58.000 --> 00:17:01.267
And so there\'s stimulation
that comes from complexity

00:17:01.300 --> 00:17:04.067
that is coherent and organized.

00:17:04.100 --> 00:17:09.100
[upbeat piano music]

00:17:13.067 --> 00:17:14.700
narrator:
More subtly, biophilic design

00:17:14.733 --> 00:17:15.900
can be accomplished

00:17:15.933 --> 00:17:18.133
by bringing the forms
and patterns of nature

00:17:18.167 --> 00:17:20.100
into a building.

00:17:20.133 --> 00:17:21.800
For example, we might encounter

00:17:21.833 --> 00:17:23.867
ornamentation
reminiscent of vines

00:17:23.900 --> 00:17:28.100
rising on treelike columns
that support a rooftop.

00:17:28.133 --> 00:17:30.000
Or we might experience
building interiors

00:17:30.033 --> 00:17:32.233
that convey a feeling
of spaciousness

00:17:32.267 --> 00:17:34.433
and the motion of natural light,

00:17:34.467 --> 00:17:37.033
as sometimes occurs
in great cathedrals

00:17:37.067 --> 00:17:40.367
or even modern airports.

00:17:40.400 --> 00:17:42.500
- What we were doing
at Reagan Airport

00:17:42.533 --> 00:17:44.200
was to build a window

00:17:44.233 --> 00:17:47.500
that had certain properties
of the outdoors

00:17:47.533 --> 00:17:49.400
and of a boreal nature

00:17:49.433 --> 00:17:52.233
and at the same time,
properties of the indoors,

00:17:52.267 --> 00:17:54.100
of the artifice of the building.

00:17:54.133 --> 00:17:57.067
So in fact, it was a mediator.

00:17:57.100 --> 00:18:00.700
The ornamented window
and ornament in general

00:18:00.733 --> 00:18:04.000
allows you to physically
and fully engage

00:18:04.033 --> 00:18:09.567
certain aspects
of what is beyond.

00:18:09.600 --> 00:18:14.100
If you look at the great
temples, the great palaces,

00:18:14.133 --> 00:18:17.900
you will find that they do
address nature

00:18:17.933 --> 00:18:20.200
even in the most protected parts

00:18:20.233 --> 00:18:23.867
of their buildings
through ornament.

00:18:23.900 --> 00:18:26.133
You go into the nave
of a great cathedral,

00:18:26.167 --> 00:18:28.367
it protects you
from the outside,

00:18:28.400 --> 00:18:29.400
but when you go in,

00:18:29.433 --> 00:18:31.400
you look up
at the great windows.

00:18:31.433 --> 00:18:33.667
The great windows
turn in tracery,

00:18:33.700 --> 00:18:35.800
and they take you out
into what they call the heavens,

00:18:35.833 --> 00:18:41.000
back out into nature.

00:18:41.033 --> 00:18:43.300
- In the Welcome Center,
on the floor inset

00:18:43.333 --> 00:18:48.100
are these beautiful casts
of tree rings,

00:18:48.133 --> 00:18:50.667
and you can feel the surface,

00:18:50.700 --> 00:18:52.333
so it\'s tactile
for the kids as well,

00:18:52.367 --> 00:18:53.967
and they can sit there
and count rings.

00:18:54.000 --> 00:18:56.633
It\'s a subtle way of looking
at sustainability

00:18:56.667 --> 00:18:58.333
and stewardship and caretaking,

00:18:58.367 --> 00:19:02.233
and there\'s that element of,
\"Whoa, come check this out!\"

00:19:02.267 --> 00:19:03.867
And they see the fish
in the sink.

00:19:03.900 --> 00:19:05.367
And the message of

00:19:05.400 --> 00:19:07.733
\"Everything goes down the drain,
and we\'re all connected\"

00:19:07.767 --> 00:19:10.667
happens there.

00:19:10.700 --> 00:19:13.967
- We\'re trying to describe
the attributes of nature

00:19:14.000 --> 00:19:16.300
for designers to think about,

00:19:16.333 --> 00:19:18.333
so when we look to nature,

00:19:18.367 --> 00:19:19.933
especially if you
look to a forest

00:19:19.967 --> 00:19:22.067
or any part, it\'s in balance.

00:19:22.100 --> 00:19:23.667
It\'s restful on your eyes.

00:19:23.700 --> 00:19:26.000
Rhythm and form and texture,

00:19:26.033 --> 00:19:29.300
some people would describe
as beautiful, perhaps.

00:19:29.333 --> 00:19:31.667
But we\'re striving to achieve

00:19:31.700 --> 00:19:35.967
something that is even
remotely close

00:19:36.000 --> 00:19:40.400
to the poetry we find in nature.

00:19:40.433 --> 00:19:43.467
- We cross the stream
between these four big trees

00:19:43.500 --> 00:19:46.767
and then come into
a grove of trees

00:19:46.800 --> 00:19:48.333
that happens to have
a roof over it.

00:19:48.367 --> 00:19:51.267
[laughs]
Conceptually, that was the idea.

00:19:51.300 --> 00:19:56.167
You\'ll almost only see
trees holding up the roof,

00:19:56.200 --> 00:19:57.433
these same trees,

00:19:57.467 --> 00:20:00.700
with a notion that
you\'re still in the forest

00:20:00.733 --> 00:20:02.600
even though you go in the house.

00:20:02.633 --> 00:20:06.300
So you blur that connection
between outside and inside.

00:20:06.333 --> 00:20:09.633
And the roof then echoes
the mountain range behind it,

00:20:09.667 --> 00:20:11.567
and when there\'s snow
on the ground,

00:20:11.600 --> 00:20:13.167
the snow, as it kind of
drifts around,

00:20:13.200 --> 00:20:15.033
goes up and over the roof

00:20:15.067 --> 00:20:19.300
so that then, even more so,
the forest of trees

00:20:19.333 --> 00:20:24.567
is under the snow,
and you go right through it.

00:20:24.600 --> 00:20:26.500
I don\'t really
like the word \"shelter,\"

00:20:26.533 --> 00:20:28.867
\'cause that implies there\'s
something really bad out there

00:20:28.900 --> 00:20:30.333
and I\'m gonna protect myself.

00:20:30.367 --> 00:20:32.900
Sometimes you have to do that,
hurricanes and whatnot.

00:20:32.933 --> 00:20:35.267
But I see it as more
as the connector.

00:20:35.300 --> 00:20:36.800
In a building like this,

00:20:36.833 --> 00:20:40.400
I think it\'s the connection
horizontally to the landscape,

00:20:40.433 --> 00:20:43.800
\'cause the set of columns...

00:20:43.833 --> 00:20:45.767
\'cause all these trees
are columns in a way

00:20:45.800 --> 00:20:48.233
in this great sugar grove.

00:20:48.267 --> 00:20:51.133
You\'re in a forest of columns,

00:20:51.167 --> 00:20:53.133
and if the columns come
into the inside,

00:20:53.167 --> 00:20:55.200
they become ordered.

00:20:55.233 --> 00:20:56.333
They\'re the same columns.

00:20:56.367 --> 00:20:57.733
Outside they\'re at random,

00:20:57.767 --> 00:20:59.800
and then when they
become ordered...

00:20:59.833 --> 00:21:01.700
If the inside and outside
is blurred,

00:21:01.733 --> 00:21:05.300
we can really connect
and honor this world,

00:21:05.333 --> 00:21:07.100
bring it into that world,

00:21:07.133 --> 00:21:09.867
and have them bound together.

00:21:13.867 --> 00:21:16.067
- We\'re not just talking
about decoration

00:21:16.100 --> 00:21:18.300
or aesthetics or some kind of
amenity value.

00:21:18.333 --> 00:21:21.167
We\'re talking about why people
want to be

00:21:21.200 --> 00:21:22.167
in particular spaces

00:21:22.200 --> 00:21:24.400
and how that affects
their behavior.

00:21:24.433 --> 00:21:27.567
And people feel
very, very affirmed

00:21:27.600 --> 00:21:30.433
and very satisfied
and very comfortable

00:21:30.467 --> 00:21:32.600
and very enthusiastic
about that space,

00:21:32.633 --> 00:21:34.067
but if you asked them why,

00:21:34.100 --> 00:21:36.067
they would have
a hard time saying why.

00:21:36.100 --> 00:21:39.333
If you look at the ornamentation
and the grillwork,

00:21:39.367 --> 00:21:42.533
both the ironwork
and in the plaster,

00:21:42.567 --> 00:21:46.367
you see it\'s all about
drawing inspiration

00:21:46.400 --> 00:21:48.267
from forms you see in nature.

00:21:48.300 --> 00:21:53.300
[bright electric guitar music]

00:22:04.333 --> 00:22:06.333
narrator: Biophilic design
can also convey

00:22:06.367 --> 00:22:09.200
the feeling of connection
to particular places

00:22:09.233 --> 00:22:12.300
through designs that link people
to certain landscapes

00:22:12.333 --> 00:22:15.600
or cultural traditions.

00:22:15.633 --> 00:22:18.067
- With all the many advantages
of globalization,

00:22:18.100 --> 00:22:20.200
one of the outcomes
is that we know a lot more

00:22:20.233 --> 00:22:22.067
about a lot of other places
in the world

00:22:22.100 --> 00:22:24.633
than we do about our own place,

00:22:24.667 --> 00:22:27.567
and that\'s part
of what I would describe

00:22:27.600 --> 00:22:30.600
as this kind
of place disconnect.

00:22:30.633 --> 00:22:33.500
It\'s a major challenge
for us to figure out

00:22:33.533 --> 00:22:35.933
how we can become more embedded,

00:22:35.967 --> 00:22:38.400
more rooted in the places
in which we live.

00:22:38.433 --> 00:22:40.200
It\'s important
for no other reason

00:22:40.233 --> 00:22:41.967
than the care of those places

00:22:42.000 --> 00:22:48.000
will require a citizenry that
knows about them intimately.

00:22:48.033 --> 00:22:50.433
But it\'s also about deepening
meaning in our lives,

00:22:50.467 --> 00:22:51.867
and connection to place

00:22:51.900 --> 00:22:55.600
is a really important aspect
of life and living.

00:22:55.633 --> 00:22:57.367
- Ruskin was
the intellectual giant

00:22:57.400 --> 00:23:00.300
of the mid-19th century
in England.

00:23:00.333 --> 00:23:01.967
Ruskin was a man of faith

00:23:02.000 --> 00:23:05.933
and saw nature as being a kind
of manifestation of God\'s work,

00:23:05.967 --> 00:23:08.433
and architecture
was the expression of mind,

00:23:08.467 --> 00:23:10.200
which he saw in ornament.

00:23:10.233 --> 00:23:16.500
Ruskin\'s thinking became
manifest in the Oxford Museum.

00:23:16.533 --> 00:23:19.533
This was the first building
for science in Oxford.

00:23:22.600 --> 00:23:26.200
- What Ruskin added
was local nature.

00:23:26.233 --> 00:23:29.033
He said that a worker
should take a stroll,

00:23:29.067 --> 00:23:31.633
walk the paths
around this building,

00:23:31.667 --> 00:23:34.767
see the nature, and then
come carve it in the building.

00:23:43.900 --> 00:23:46.833
- In 1938, Aldo Leopold wrote

00:23:46.867 --> 00:23:49.067
that the oldest task
in human history

00:23:49.100 --> 00:23:52.200
was to live on a piece of land
without spoiling it,

00:23:52.233 --> 00:23:54.033
and I think that\'s
the experiment

00:23:54.067 --> 00:23:55.467
we\'re all undergoing.

00:23:55.500 --> 00:23:57.233
Leopold purchased a piece

00:23:57.267 --> 00:23:59.100
of what he called
\"worn-out land\"

00:23:59.133 --> 00:24:00.767
along the Wisconsin River,

00:24:00.800 --> 00:24:02.667
but he set about restoring it...

00:24:02.700 --> 00:24:04.333
Planting thousands
of pine trees,

00:24:04.367 --> 00:24:08.000
restoring several dozen acres
of prairie.

00:24:08.033 --> 00:24:09.667
As we began to think about what

00:24:09.700 --> 00:24:11.800
The Leopold Center
would look like

00:24:11.833 --> 00:24:13.633
and how it would come together,

00:24:13.667 --> 00:24:17.167
it was fortuitous
that his own pine trees

00:24:17.200 --> 00:24:19.167
that he had planted
in the \'30s and \'40s

00:24:19.200 --> 00:24:21.133
were overstocked
and in need of thinning,

00:24:21.167 --> 00:24:24.633
and so we literally
built this building

00:24:24.667 --> 00:24:31.067
with the trees that he planted
in the 1930s and \'40s.

00:24:31.100 --> 00:24:34.033
When we set out
to build The Leopold Center,

00:24:34.067 --> 00:24:36.867
our goal was to build
the right building

00:24:36.900 --> 00:24:39.600
in the right place
for the right reasons

00:24:39.633 --> 00:24:41.100
and with the right materials.

00:24:41.133 --> 00:24:46.700
I think that\'s what
biophilic design is all about.

00:24:46.733 --> 00:24:49.667
- We use the idea of fit a lot.

00:24:49.700 --> 00:24:52.200
Does it fit the environment?
Does it fit its context?

00:24:52.233 --> 00:24:53.533
Does it fit the needs?

00:24:53.567 --> 00:24:55.567
And I think when
we ask ourselves that,

00:24:55.600 --> 00:24:58.600
it\'s really about whether or not
this place fits here,

00:24:58.633 --> 00:25:01.033
and it really
is more about the idea

00:25:01.067 --> 00:25:03.633
of creating that connection
to not only the natural world,

00:25:03.667 --> 00:25:06.633
but also the sense of the social
context that\'s involved.

00:25:06.667 --> 00:25:08.000
And so I put those all together,

00:25:08.033 --> 00:25:10.867
and it really becomes
a fit for place.

00:25:10.900 --> 00:25:14.400
- I like to think that now,
rather than having

00:25:14.433 --> 00:25:17.300
Tuscan architecture
in Austin, Texas,

00:25:17.333 --> 00:25:21.600
we\'re gonna have architecture
that belongs in Austin, Texas,

00:25:21.633 --> 00:25:24.133
or Vermont
or the Pacific Northwest.

00:25:24.167 --> 00:25:26.667
All of those places
should have architecture

00:25:26.700 --> 00:25:29.833
that\'s really particular
to their place,

00:25:29.867 --> 00:25:31.133
and by doing that,

00:25:31.167 --> 00:25:33.200
it really celebrates
that particular place.

00:25:33.233 --> 00:25:36.233
[light percussive music]

00:25:38.767 --> 00:25:40.467
narrator: We\'ve seen
how biophilic design

00:25:40.500 --> 00:25:42.667
can involve direct, indirect,

00:25:42.700 --> 00:25:47.833
and more subtle ways
of connecting people to nature.

00:25:47.867 --> 00:25:49.033
In a single location

00:25:49.067 --> 00:25:51.767
like Grand Central Station
in New York City,

00:25:51.800 --> 00:25:53.733
we can see many
biophilic design elements

00:25:53.767 --> 00:25:55.633
layered upon one another.

00:26:08.567 --> 00:26:12.100
Even a scene this replete
with biophilic design attributes

00:26:12.133 --> 00:26:14.900
can\'t reflect the full range
of strategies available

00:26:14.933 --> 00:26:17.667
to connect people with nature
through architecture.

00:26:21.600 --> 00:26:23.733
But why is this important?

00:26:23.767 --> 00:26:27.767
How does it benefit people\'s
health and productivity?

00:26:27.800 --> 00:26:29.900
A growing body of evidence
is beginning to reveal

00:26:29.933 --> 00:26:32.867
the positive effects
of biophilic design

00:26:32.900 --> 00:26:36.967
including enhanced learning,
recovery from illness,

00:26:37.000 --> 00:26:39.200
improved work performance,

00:26:39.233 --> 00:26:43.433
and more livable
and satisfying neighborhoods.

00:26:43.467 --> 00:26:45.733
We\'ll now examine
how buildings and communities

00:26:45.767 --> 00:26:50.200
can improve people\'s lives
by connecting them to nature.

00:26:50.233 --> 00:26:53.233
[light percussive music]

00:27:05.767 --> 00:27:10.333
- My work was triggered
by my own childhood

00:27:10.367 --> 00:27:12.333
in England during the war.

00:27:12.367 --> 00:27:14.367
Evacuated,

00:27:14.400 --> 00:27:18.867
and so I lived in the country
during critical childhood years

00:27:18.900 --> 00:27:21.500
when otherwise,
I might have been in London.

00:27:21.533 --> 00:27:27.367
We grow as children
by interacting with nature

00:27:27.400 --> 00:27:30.067
and learning about
the world and ourselves

00:27:30.100 --> 00:27:33.900
by turning over a rock
and seeing a beetle

00:27:33.933 --> 00:27:38.367
and climbing a tree
and looking at flowers,

00:27:38.400 --> 00:27:40.733
and that sensory...

00:27:40.767 --> 00:27:42.633
Touching things,
listening to things...

00:27:42.667 --> 00:27:45.267
Is a very important part
of childhood development,

00:27:45.300 --> 00:27:46.767
and when we cut that off,

00:27:46.800 --> 00:27:49.700
we are limiting
a child\'s development.

00:27:53.167 --> 00:27:55.000
- Nature deficit disorder

00:27:55.033 --> 00:27:57.567
is not a known
medical diagnosis.

00:27:57.600 --> 00:27:59.600
Perhaps it should be,
but it\'s not.

00:27:59.633 --> 00:28:02.167
What it is
is a kind of shorthand

00:28:02.200 --> 00:28:05.033
to describe what many of us

00:28:05.067 --> 00:28:07.300
have felt has been going on
for a long time,

00:28:07.333 --> 00:28:09.933
which is the disengagement
of children from nature

00:28:09.967 --> 00:28:13.667
and the implications of that
in terms of health.

00:28:18.833 --> 00:28:22.400
- We ask the question,
\"How can we use our resources

00:28:22.433 --> 00:28:25.567
\"and buildings and boardwalks
and things like that

00:28:25.600 --> 00:28:30.700
to enhance these kids\'
experience in this ecosystem?\"

00:28:30.733 --> 00:28:33.200
The aesthetics of these
particular buildings out here

00:28:33.233 --> 00:28:36.167
are very, very important
to developing, you know,

00:28:36.200 --> 00:28:38.433
the right attitude
and framework for people.

00:28:38.467 --> 00:28:40.367
Right when they get here,
they see that,

00:28:40.400 --> 00:28:43.467
and that gives them that
what we call a set induction to,

00:28:43.500 --> 00:28:47.667
\"Hey, I want to learn
about nature.\"

00:28:47.700 --> 00:28:49.533
- We wanted
to have the classrooms

00:28:49.567 --> 00:28:51.700
really out in nature.

00:28:51.733 --> 00:28:54.000
The construction was,
we used wood

00:28:54.033 --> 00:28:57.833
to rest lightly on the land,
recycled cypress

00:28:57.867 --> 00:29:01.633
from the hurricane
that had hit Shangri La.

00:29:01.667 --> 00:29:07.167
By using material
that was from this spot

00:29:07.200 --> 00:29:10.300
and using the timber
and really not overshaping it,

00:29:10.333 --> 00:29:12.500
that line between
what is a column

00:29:12.533 --> 00:29:15.400
and what is a tree
is really erased.

00:29:19.167 --> 00:29:21.400
- There was quite a movement
in California

00:29:21.433 --> 00:29:25.033
incorporating gardens
in schoolyards,

00:29:25.067 --> 00:29:28.267
and I think
that\'s a very positive measure.

00:29:28.300 --> 00:29:32.533
There\'s one very famous case
in Berkeley, King Middle School,

00:29:32.567 --> 00:29:35.433
where a large area has been
turned into a school garden,

00:29:35.467 --> 00:29:37.367
where it\'s part
of the curriculum

00:29:37.400 --> 00:29:40.267
to learn about growing food,

00:29:40.300 --> 00:29:42.600
but it\'s even more
a part of the curriculum

00:29:42.633 --> 00:29:44.267
because they harvest the food,

00:29:44.300 --> 00:29:46.033
and then they learn
how to cook it.

00:29:46.067 --> 00:29:47.633
They learn about nutrition,

00:29:47.667 --> 00:29:50.900
and they serve it in...
To other children.

00:29:50.933 --> 00:29:53.900
So the whole cycle happens.

00:29:53.933 --> 00:29:55.767
- We are doing composting
every day,

00:29:55.800 --> 00:29:59.000
so kids are turning compost
and working in the compost.

00:29:59.033 --> 00:30:02.433
Today we are planting
artichokes,

00:30:02.467 --> 00:30:06.533
and yesterday, we got a donation
of 32 bare root trees.

00:30:06.567 --> 00:30:08.533
And we have expanded our garden

00:30:08.567 --> 00:30:10.833
down to our school\'s
amphitheater

00:30:10.867 --> 00:30:12.300
right next
to the basketball court

00:30:12.333 --> 00:30:14.733
so to incorporate more nature

00:30:14.767 --> 00:30:19.500
into the more urban landscape
of our school.

00:30:19.533 --> 00:30:22.733
I don\'t think that learning
necessarily should be effortless

00:30:22.767 --> 00:30:23.900
or has to be effortless.

00:30:23.933 --> 00:30:25.333
I really believe
that there has to be

00:30:25.367 --> 00:30:26.767
some discipline involved,

00:30:26.800 --> 00:30:29.233
but it seems like there\'s
some pretty effortless learning

00:30:29.267 --> 00:30:31.500
going on in this environment.

00:30:36.667 --> 00:30:40.300
- Sidwell\'s a competitive school
in the Washington, D.C., area

00:30:40.333 --> 00:30:42.367
in terms of academics.

00:30:42.400 --> 00:30:44.867
With this building,
it\'s really a commitment

00:30:44.900 --> 00:30:47.533
and I think sort
of a physical show

00:30:47.567 --> 00:30:53.867
of our commitment
to environmental stewardship.

00:30:53.900 --> 00:30:59.833
- It was transforming
to move into this building.

00:30:59.867 --> 00:31:03.067
There\'s a lot of ways
that we can use the building

00:31:03.100 --> 00:31:05.333
to understand science concepts

00:31:05.367 --> 00:31:07.407
that teachers really
want to cover in the classroom.

00:31:07.433 --> 00:31:08.833
- Equivalent numbers
of hamburgers

00:31:08.867 --> 00:31:09.833
produced and delivered.

00:31:09.867 --> 00:31:11.000
- There\'s a story

00:31:11.033 --> 00:31:13.267
behind almost everything
in the building.

00:31:13.300 --> 00:31:16.467
It\'s like the building
comes alive.

00:31:16.500 --> 00:31:18.767
- This is our biology pond.

00:31:18.800 --> 00:31:22.433
We have fish and lily pads.

00:31:22.467 --> 00:31:23.600
- And it\'s really important

00:31:23.633 --> 00:31:26.367
because runoff causes
a lot of pollutants

00:31:26.400 --> 00:31:27.633
that are on streets and stuff

00:31:27.667 --> 00:31:29.107
to get washed
into the sewage system,

00:31:29.133 --> 00:31:31.267
and then they go
into the Chesapeake Bay.

00:31:31.300 --> 00:31:35.933
- The wetland system
helps clear out our waste.

00:31:35.967 --> 00:31:38.200
The wood on the building...
- The slats.

00:31:38.233 --> 00:31:41.867
- They were made from recycled
wine barrels that...

00:31:41.900 --> 00:31:43.600
Like, these huge barrels.

00:31:43.633 --> 00:31:47.833
- Like jumbo wine barrels,
which is kind of cool.

00:31:47.867 --> 00:31:49.633
I\'m just really excited
by all this stuff.

00:31:49.667 --> 00:31:51.767
It\'s really nifty.

00:31:51.800 --> 00:31:53.967
- I think it will be interesting
to see

00:31:54.000 --> 00:31:57.033
how this impacts their futures
for jobs

00:31:57.067 --> 00:32:02.600
and, you know,
their role in society.

00:32:02.633 --> 00:32:04.100
- We did a study
from Massachusetts

00:32:04.133 --> 00:32:08.667
and then a broader
national study on green schools.

00:32:08.700 --> 00:32:10.667
We found there were
a larger set of benefits

00:32:10.700 --> 00:32:13.733
that we\'re able to quantify.

00:32:13.767 --> 00:32:15.733
There\'s a very large
body of data

00:32:15.767 --> 00:32:17.667
showing there\'s
a positive correlation

00:32:17.700 --> 00:32:21.733
between test scores
and earnings, lifetime earnings.

00:32:21.767 --> 00:32:23.933
There\'s also a large
body of data

00:32:23.967 --> 00:32:25.600
showing there\'s
a positive correlation

00:32:25.633 --> 00:32:27.467
between study environments

00:32:27.500 --> 00:32:30.833
in terms of quality of air,
exposure to sunlight.

00:32:30.867 --> 00:32:32.300
There\'s a variety of things

00:32:32.333 --> 00:32:34.767
that impact people\'s comfort
and ability to concentrate

00:32:34.800 --> 00:32:38.400
and how they performed
on standardized work tasks,

00:32:38.433 --> 00:32:40.700
for example,
taking standardized tests.

00:32:40.733 --> 00:32:42.233
So you can combine
a relationship

00:32:42.267 --> 00:32:45.367
between design and performance

00:32:45.400 --> 00:32:47.633
and between performance
in a tested setting,

00:32:47.667 --> 00:32:49.833
that is a school,
and subsequent earnings.

00:32:49.867 --> 00:32:52.867
[bright electric guitar music]

00:32:56.767 --> 00:32:58.600
We took the most
conservative assumptions.

00:32:58.633 --> 00:33:01.233
When you translate that
back into current value,

00:33:01.267 --> 00:33:05.000
your per square foot value
of even a very small change

00:33:05.033 --> 00:33:07.167
in earnings
over the kid\'s lifetime

00:33:07.200 --> 00:33:09.500
as they become an adult
and enter the workforce

00:33:09.533 --> 00:33:12.167
turns out
to be a very large number.

00:33:17.700 --> 00:33:19.633
- We\'d like to design
buildings like trees

00:33:19.667 --> 00:33:21.467
and cities like forests.

00:33:21.500 --> 00:33:23.367
I think one
of the closest approaches

00:33:23.400 --> 00:33:25.867
to the building like a tree
is our project for Oberlin,

00:33:25.900 --> 00:33:29.067
because it makes more energy
than it needs to operate.

00:33:29.100 --> 00:33:30.767
It purifies its own water.

00:33:30.800 --> 00:33:32.733
It\'s got a garden and landscape

00:33:32.767 --> 00:33:36.600
that\'s based on food
and solar capture.

00:33:36.633 --> 00:33:42.200
It\'s operated by the students
who inhabit the organism.

00:33:42.233 --> 00:33:46.400
- Architecture
is very deeply educational.

00:33:46.433 --> 00:33:48.467
I mean, there is a pedagogy
of architecture

00:33:48.500 --> 00:33:50.467
and very instructive.

00:33:50.500 --> 00:33:52.700
One of the long-term goals
that I would have

00:33:52.733 --> 00:33:54.167
is to make every school

00:33:54.200 --> 00:33:56.400
essentially reflect
these kinds of things

00:33:56.433 --> 00:33:58.900
so students understand
where their energy comes from

00:33:58.933 --> 00:34:01.200
and where food comes from.

00:34:01.233 --> 00:34:04.233
That is very deeply
instructional.

00:34:04.267 --> 00:34:09.267
[peaceful synthesized music]

00:34:14.200 --> 00:34:15.867
narrator:
Important health care research

00:34:15.900 --> 00:34:16.967
is starting to show

00:34:17.000 --> 00:34:19.900
how biophilic design
can reduce stress,

00:34:19.933 --> 00:34:25.000
enhance healing, and improve
hospital performance.

00:34:25.033 --> 00:34:27.367
- In the medical world,
if we are thinking

00:34:27.400 --> 00:34:30.467
about evidence of the safety
and efficacy

00:34:30.500 --> 00:34:32.800
of a medication
or a medical procedure,

00:34:32.833 --> 00:34:34.967
we have pretty high demands
for evidence.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:37.500
We want there to have been
a randomized clinical trial.

00:34:37.533 --> 00:34:40.800
It\'s probably a higher bar
than we can or would want

00:34:40.833 --> 00:34:43.633
to apply to looking
at contact with nature.

00:34:43.667 --> 00:34:47.467
Contact with nature
has much less of a downside,

00:34:47.500 --> 00:34:51.000
and so there\'s less of a risk
of error or harm

00:34:51.033 --> 00:34:53.167
in advocating
contact with nature.

00:34:53.200 --> 00:34:55.700
That said, what we\'d like to do

00:34:55.733 --> 00:34:57.200
when it comes to contact
with nature

00:34:57.233 --> 00:35:00.633
is build the strongest
evidence base that we can,

00:35:00.667 --> 00:35:02.233
approaching, if not reaching,

00:35:02.267 --> 00:35:06.167
the idea of a randomized
clinical trial.

00:35:06.200 --> 00:35:08.433
- I was interested in the notion

00:35:08.467 --> 00:35:11.200
that experiencing nature
might be calming

00:35:11.233 --> 00:35:13.400
or in some way psychologically

00:35:13.433 --> 00:35:16.233
or even
physiologically healthful.

00:35:16.267 --> 00:35:18.433
And where was a group in reality

00:35:18.467 --> 00:35:21.067
who was experiencing
a lot of duress,

00:35:21.100 --> 00:35:24.267
spending a lot of time captive
in an environment

00:35:24.300 --> 00:35:28.933
where a view of nature
might have detectable

00:35:28.967 --> 00:35:31.700
or measurable consequences
for their health?

00:35:31.733 --> 00:35:34.433
And, of course,
hospital patients.

00:35:34.467 --> 00:35:36.733
I focused
on gallbladder surgery.

00:35:36.767 --> 00:35:38.400
The rooms were identical,

00:35:38.433 --> 00:35:42.100
but some on the same floor
looked out onto a brick wall

00:35:42.133 --> 00:35:44.767
compared to others which had
an attractive

00:35:44.800 --> 00:35:48.033
but unspectacular view of trees.

00:35:48.067 --> 00:35:51.600
I could control
for a number of factors

00:35:51.633 --> 00:35:53.300
other than the view,

00:35:53.333 --> 00:35:57.700
which could
conceivably affect recovery.

00:35:57.733 --> 00:35:59.867
And when all those variables
were controlled for,

00:35:59.900 --> 00:36:03.067
people spent less time
in the hospital

00:36:03.100 --> 00:36:04.967
if they had a nature view.

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:08.400
They were in significantly
less pain

00:36:08.433 --> 00:36:11.767
as evidenced by reduced need
for intake,

00:36:11.800 --> 00:36:14.767
for potent narcotic analgesics.

00:36:14.800 --> 00:36:19.467
They were in better spirits,
et cetera.

00:36:19.500 --> 00:36:20.767
And in medicine,

00:36:20.800 --> 00:36:23.367
what you do often
is, as an architect,

00:36:23.400 --> 00:36:28.067
life or death.

00:36:28.100 --> 00:36:30.133
- We\'re getting into
the tip of the iceberg

00:36:30.167 --> 00:36:31.767
related to this health issue.

00:36:31.800 --> 00:36:33.800
- At Dell Children\'s,
they are finding

00:36:33.833 --> 00:36:37.067
that for similar acuity
of patients...

00:36:37.100 --> 00:36:40.233
Meaning, you know, the severity
of their illness...

00:36:40.267 --> 00:36:44.800
That the patient length of stay
is actually being reduced.

00:36:44.833 --> 00:36:47.667
- In our unit now,
just windows everywhere,

00:36:47.700 --> 00:36:49.300
and it\'s really nice as a nurse

00:36:49.333 --> 00:36:52.233
to be able to walk by
and to see our patients

00:36:52.267 --> 00:36:56.100
enjoying the beautiful
outside areas.

00:36:56.133 --> 00:36:58.800
- I like the windows
where you can see outside,

00:36:58.833 --> 00:37:01.367
and the waterfalls actually
are a really nice thing

00:37:01.400 --> 00:37:04.633
to sit outside and to relax,

00:37:04.667 --> 00:37:07.867
dealing with all the stress
that you deal with here.

00:37:07.900 --> 00:37:11.133
- Our staff retention numbers
are off the charts.

00:37:11.167 --> 00:37:12.200
At our other hospitals,

00:37:12.233 --> 00:37:16.633
we\'ll run about
a 10% turnover rate,

00:37:16.667 --> 00:37:19.667
and here, you know,
what we\'re seeing is,

00:37:19.700 --> 00:37:21.933
like, a 2% to 3% turnover rate.

00:37:21.967 --> 00:37:24.467
- I think it keeps us
more positive

00:37:24.500 --> 00:37:28.767
to feel rejuvenated just
from the outdoors coming in.

00:37:33.467 --> 00:37:38.833
- This is a high-acuity
psychiatric facility.

00:37:38.867 --> 00:37:41.800
It\'s one of the most
challenging building types

00:37:41.833 --> 00:37:46.767
to create not only
clinical efficiency,

00:37:46.800 --> 00:37:51.067
but a human environment
and a biophilic environment.

00:37:51.100 --> 00:37:54.400
Here is a facility
that just breaks all the rules

00:37:54.433 --> 00:37:56.200
and does this in a way

00:37:56.233 --> 00:38:00.600
where the building
is almost homelike.

00:38:00.633 --> 00:38:02.033
- You can open the window,

00:38:02.067 --> 00:38:05.567
have a look into the garden
or into the interior.

00:38:05.600 --> 00:38:09.267
You can take your next step,
sit here in the veranda.

00:38:09.300 --> 00:38:12.133
- I think it gives more of calm.

00:38:12.167 --> 00:38:14.300
- You can see it after one week.

00:38:14.333 --> 00:38:17.200
We could see that it was...
They were better.

00:38:17.233 --> 00:38:18.267
They feel better.

00:38:18.300 --> 00:38:20.633
- Injections,
compulsory injections,

00:38:20.667 --> 00:38:24.933
it\'s decreased to we\'re 25%.

00:38:24.967 --> 00:38:27.800
And restraints we\'re 50%

00:38:27.833 --> 00:38:31.367
if you compare the year
before we moved here

00:38:31.400 --> 00:38:33.033
and the year after.

00:38:37.767 --> 00:38:40.233
- If you reduce stress
for these patients,

00:38:40.267 --> 00:38:45.233
you tend to also cut the rate
of hostility or aggression.

00:38:45.267 --> 00:38:49.000
Is it due to the plants?
We can\'t say.

00:38:49.033 --> 00:38:52.067
It\'s impossible to disentangle

00:38:52.100 --> 00:38:55.167
given the bundle
of things it\'s done here

00:38:55.200 --> 00:38:58.967
that includes, prominently,
biophilic design.

00:39:03.867 --> 00:39:06.767
- Doernbecher is all about
bringing nature

00:39:06.800 --> 00:39:09.567
from the outside
into the inside world

00:39:09.600 --> 00:39:12.867
to help our kids heal.

00:39:12.900 --> 00:39:15.567
- This building is really
the heart and soul,

00:39:15.600 --> 00:39:17.133
I think,
of our children\'s hospital,

00:39:17.167 --> 00:39:21.100
and the animal motif
is very prominent here.

00:39:21.133 --> 00:39:23.933
The building really, I think,
is a very healing place,

00:39:23.967 --> 00:39:25.600
and if you have to be
in the hospital,

00:39:25.633 --> 00:39:27.200
it\'s a very pleasant place,

00:39:27.233 --> 00:39:31.600
and it adds to what... the care
is that the staff gives.

00:39:31.633 --> 00:39:34.500
- If you have something nice
to walk around and look at,

00:39:34.533 --> 00:39:37.433
then it\'s gonna make it better
for us to be here.

00:39:37.467 --> 00:39:39.667
Like, I don\'t mind
coming up here at all.

00:39:39.700 --> 00:39:44.500
It makes it nicer,
a lot nicer than,

00:39:44.533 --> 00:39:48.433
\"Oh, gosh, I have to go
to the hospital again.\"

00:39:48.467 --> 00:39:50.167
Different artwork
is really nice too.

00:39:50.200 --> 00:39:54.733
The kids really like
the birds when you walk in.

00:39:54.767 --> 00:39:56.300
- My message
to architects would be

00:39:56.333 --> 00:39:58.867
that if they do their job well,

00:39:58.900 --> 00:40:00.733
then they really are partners

00:40:00.767 --> 00:40:03.600
with the doctors and the nurses
who do the healing.

00:40:03.633 --> 00:40:05.033
So I think the work
of the architects

00:40:05.067 --> 00:40:06.733
is very, very important.

00:40:06.767 --> 00:40:08.267
They build a building
that will be used

00:40:08.300 --> 00:40:09.433
for half a century,

00:40:09.467 --> 00:40:12.633
and the impact
can be really long-lasting.

00:40:14.300 --> 00:40:19.300
[bright electric guitar music]

00:40:20.633 --> 00:40:22.367
narrator: Studies are beginning
to reveal

00:40:22.400 --> 00:40:25.500
how improving connections
to nature in the workplace

00:40:25.533 --> 00:40:28.033
can enhance worker productivity
and morale

00:40:28.067 --> 00:40:30.767
and even help recruit
and retain talent,

00:40:30.800 --> 00:40:32.167
all benefits that translate

00:40:32.200 --> 00:40:35.700
into any business\'s bottom line.

00:40:35.733 --> 00:40:39.533
- Working in zoos, I studied
lion-tailed macaques,

00:40:39.567 --> 00:40:40.800
looking at their behavior

00:40:40.833 --> 00:40:42.800
in sort of the typical
zoo enclosure,

00:40:42.833 --> 00:40:45.300
which is kind of
a deprived habitat,

00:40:45.333 --> 00:40:47.167
and then when they move
to the new habitat,

00:40:47.200 --> 00:40:49.633
which is a naturalistic habitat.

00:40:49.667 --> 00:40:51.100
The whole intent of that

00:40:51.133 --> 00:40:53.100
was to increase
animal well-being,

00:40:53.133 --> 00:40:55.633
social and psychological
well-being.

00:40:55.667 --> 00:40:56.800
The animals really did better

00:40:56.833 --> 00:41:00.133
in the more
naturalistic habitats.

00:41:00.167 --> 00:41:02.200
And I made a comment
that we did a better job

00:41:02.233 --> 00:41:06.133
of designing zoos for animals
than offices for people,

00:41:06.167 --> 00:41:07.600
and that struck a chord.

00:41:07.633 --> 00:41:12.300
That\'s a metaphor
that people really understood.

00:41:12.333 --> 00:41:15.933
- Standard basic office design
is pretty tragic.

00:41:15.967 --> 00:41:18.600
You know, you\'re in a box.

00:41:18.633 --> 00:41:21.567
You\'re in cubicle-ville.

00:41:21.600 --> 00:41:24.433
You may not have a view
to the outside,

00:41:24.467 --> 00:41:26.067
so it\'s one of the reasons
why we see

00:41:26.100 --> 00:41:28.367
people bring plants
into their space.

00:41:28.400 --> 00:41:29.433
That helps.

00:41:29.467 --> 00:41:34.733
We see images
and artwork of nature.

00:41:34.767 --> 00:41:37.467
And it\'s intriguing
when you think about buildings

00:41:37.500 --> 00:41:40.667
as analogues of that
African savanna environment.

00:41:40.700 --> 00:41:46.433
One of our favorite examples
of that is the great workroom

00:41:46.467 --> 00:41:50.133
at the Johnson Wax Building
by Frank Lloyd Wright.

00:41:50.167 --> 00:41:51.533
When you look at that building,

00:41:51.567 --> 00:41:55.200
you see these beautiful tree
columns in a savanna ecosystem.

00:41:55.233 --> 00:41:57.600
They are out there
in the open space.

00:41:57.633 --> 00:41:58.700
They\'re separated.

00:41:58.733 --> 00:42:00.967
The light\'s coming down
between them,

00:42:01.000 --> 00:42:03.600
the spreading disk on top.

00:42:03.633 --> 00:42:06.433
It looks like a savanna
in there.

00:42:06.467 --> 00:42:09.733
It\'s a phenomenal
piece of architecture.

00:42:09.767 --> 00:42:12.233
And for me,
what\'s most incredible about it

00:42:12.267 --> 00:42:15.600
is, you look at this space,

00:42:15.633 --> 00:42:18.233
and the grandchildren
of the people

00:42:18.267 --> 00:42:20.133
who originally worked
in that space

00:42:20.167 --> 00:42:21.933
are now working in that space.

00:42:21.967 --> 00:42:25.167
It\'s still
in its original design,

00:42:25.200 --> 00:42:28.267
and people still
love working in there,

00:42:28.300 --> 00:42:32.300
and it\'s a 70-year-old
office building.

00:42:32.333 --> 00:42:34.467
Now, for me,
that\'s really powerful.

00:42:34.500 --> 00:42:37.533
That says, \"Wow, okay,
this is some indication

00:42:37.567 --> 00:42:39.400
\"of the kind of power

00:42:39.433 --> 00:42:43.100
that really good
biophilic design can have.\"

00:42:43.133 --> 00:42:46.233
- The people that are working
in these buildings

00:42:46.267 --> 00:42:50.100
are 82% of the bottom line,

00:42:50.133 --> 00:42:52.467
so if you cut
the energy in half,

00:42:52.500 --> 00:42:54.000
that\'s a little bit of money.

00:42:54.033 --> 00:42:57.500
If you can improve productivity,
then...

00:42:57.533 --> 00:42:58.633
Now you\'re really talking,

00:42:58.667 --> 00:43:00.267
and you can get
everybody\'s attention.

00:43:00.300 --> 00:43:03.367
If we improve productivity
in the Bank of America building

00:43:03.400 --> 00:43:07.967
by 10%, that\'s $100 million
to the bottom line.

00:43:08.000 --> 00:43:11.033
If we saved all the energy,
if we used no energy,

00:43:11.067 --> 00:43:13.933
it\'s $6 million, $7 million.

00:43:13.967 --> 00:43:16.900
Of course, we\'re gonna save
as much energy as we can,

00:43:16.933 --> 00:43:18.633
save as much water as we can.

00:43:18.667 --> 00:43:20.700
We\'re gonna be
as creative as we can

00:43:20.733 --> 00:43:24.100
integrating systems so that
they all make good sense.

00:43:24.133 --> 00:43:28.700
But our focus is on providing
a biophilic environment

00:43:28.733 --> 00:43:34.467
for the people who work
in the building.

00:43:34.500 --> 00:43:36.167
- When we talk about recruitment

00:43:36.200 --> 00:43:39.500
into a green biophilic
work environment,

00:43:39.533 --> 00:43:41.467
now they say,
\"Now you\'re talking.\"

00:43:41.500 --> 00:43:43.033
Recruitment and retention
of talent

00:43:43.067 --> 00:43:44.667
is extremely expensive,

00:43:44.700 --> 00:43:46.633
and we absolutely believe

00:43:46.667 --> 00:43:49.800
that having a biophilic
or a green building

00:43:49.833 --> 00:43:51.467
helps us recruit
and retain talent.

00:43:56.533 --> 00:43:58.900
- We try very hard
to walk the talk

00:43:58.933 --> 00:44:00.833
in terms of having
a set of core values

00:44:00.867 --> 00:44:03.200
that are not just
written words on a page

00:44:03.233 --> 00:44:04.900
that you hand a new employee

00:44:04.933 --> 00:44:07.800
and then you stuff it
in the drawer.

00:44:07.833 --> 00:44:11.067
It\'s really something we believe
we want to live and breathe.

00:44:11.100 --> 00:44:13.700
This building is a huge draw.

00:44:13.733 --> 00:44:15.100
It makes a huge impression

00:44:15.133 --> 00:44:17.600
in that, I think,
it conveys a message

00:44:17.633 --> 00:44:20.200
that we really care
about the environment

00:44:20.233 --> 00:44:24.067
that our employees
are working in.

00:44:24.100 --> 00:44:26.067
- The first time I came here
and saw this building,

00:44:26.100 --> 00:44:27.533
it was just a breath
of fresh air.

00:44:27.567 --> 00:44:28.533
[chuckles]

00:44:28.567 --> 00:44:30.367
I really wanted to work here

00:44:30.400 --> 00:44:31.667
because of the building.

00:44:36.800 --> 00:44:40.033
- One of the features
I like best about this building

00:44:40.067 --> 00:44:45.200
is out in the cafe,
we have a waterfall.

00:44:45.233 --> 00:44:46.233
It\'s really cool

00:44:46.267 --> 00:44:48.167
because when you go out
into the cafe,

00:44:48.200 --> 00:44:49.867
you can hear the water
falling down,

00:44:49.900 --> 00:44:52.400
and it\'s just a very relaxing
sort of feel,

00:44:52.433 --> 00:44:54.300
so, you know, when you\'re
working at your desk

00:44:54.333 --> 00:44:55.867
and you\'re a little stressed out

00:44:55.900 --> 00:44:58.133
and you just need
to go and relax,

00:44:58.167 --> 00:45:01.800
you can go into that cafe.

00:45:01.833 --> 00:45:03.600
- We all appreciate
working here,

00:45:03.633 --> 00:45:06.000
and we know that the CEO
of this company

00:45:06.033 --> 00:45:08.833
cares about us in that way
that she didn\'t just select

00:45:08.867 --> 00:45:11.833
the lowest cost building
that she could find,

00:45:11.867 --> 00:45:13.167
and she put a lot
of time into it,

00:45:13.200 --> 00:45:16.533
and I think, as an employee,
I appreciate that.

00:45:26.533 --> 00:45:27.733
- Factories are normally done

00:45:27.767 --> 00:45:30.800
on the cheapest possible
price per square meter,

00:45:30.833 --> 00:45:32.233
whereas this wasn\'t done
like that.

00:45:32.267 --> 00:45:35.300
This was really done
as a building

00:45:35.333 --> 00:45:38.500
to suit its purpose,
which was manufacturing cutlery.

00:45:38.533 --> 00:45:41.267
When you\'re doing
sort of detail work,

00:45:41.300 --> 00:45:44.167
natural light
is terribly good to work with.

00:45:44.200 --> 00:45:45.240
And I think it is important

00:45:45.267 --> 00:45:47.333
to create a good
working environment.

00:45:47.367 --> 00:45:49.433
Compared with the traditional
cutlery factory,

00:45:49.467 --> 00:45:50.567
it\'s a million miles away,

00:45:50.600 --> 00:45:52.767
and also people
enjoy working there really.

00:45:52.800 --> 00:45:57.667
I mean, we hardly ever
turn over staff.

00:45:57.700 --> 00:46:00.600
And we feel that the internal
and external environment

00:46:00.633 --> 00:46:02.900
is important if you\'re
involved in design.

00:46:02.933 --> 00:46:05.200
You can\'t be saying,
\"Oh, look, we\'re designing

00:46:05.233 --> 00:46:11.033
amazing products
in some shed.\"

00:46:11.067 --> 00:46:12.733
- Herman Miller is primarily

00:46:12.767 --> 00:46:15.067
an office furniture
manufacturing company.

00:46:15.100 --> 00:46:18.867
We\'re building
our office chairs here.

00:46:18.900 --> 00:46:21.900
Our focus on sustainability
really started in 1953

00:46:21.933 --> 00:46:24.267
with our founder,
D.J. De Pree,

00:46:24.300 --> 00:46:26.433
and back then,
he was already concerned

00:46:26.467 --> 00:46:29.600
about making sure that we were
good environmental stewards.

00:46:29.633 --> 00:46:31.000
- We were focused on the idea

00:46:31.033 --> 00:46:35.100
that people would rather
be outdoors than indoors,

00:46:35.133 --> 00:46:37.233
so we filled the building
with daylight,

00:46:37.267 --> 00:46:41.100
with fresh air
and views of the outdoors.

00:46:41.133 --> 00:46:44.600
- Bringing that outdoor in,
where we have bamboo planted.

00:46:44.633 --> 00:46:47.567
Most plants are done
in a pretty major way

00:46:47.600 --> 00:46:51.367
rather than a little pot here
and a little pot there.

00:46:51.400 --> 00:46:56.400
It does bring that life,
that greenery into the space,

00:46:56.433 --> 00:46:57.867
bringing daylight
into the building

00:46:57.900 --> 00:47:01.367
with the 8 roof monitors
and 66 skylights.

00:47:01.400 --> 00:47:03.133
That\'s huge.

00:47:12.400 --> 00:47:14.633
- People love this building
right from the start,

00:47:14.667 --> 00:47:16.233
and people take care of it.

00:47:16.267 --> 00:47:18.800
There\'s a sense
of ownership here,

00:47:18.833 --> 00:47:21.833
ownership or pride.

00:47:21.867 --> 00:47:25.067
- I love the emotional content
of the work.

00:47:25.100 --> 00:47:27.667
I love the fact
that people will call us

00:47:27.700 --> 00:47:29.067
and say, \"I love this building,\"

00:47:29.100 --> 00:47:32.033
or \"I love working here,\"
or \"I love being here.\"

00:47:32.067 --> 00:47:33.300
When we see that word \"love,\"

00:47:33.333 --> 00:47:34.700
you know you\'re on
the right track,

00:47:34.733 --> 00:47:37.200
and that\'s why biophilia
is such an interesting idea.

00:47:39.967 --> 00:47:41.633
- This building has what,
at the time,

00:47:41.667 --> 00:47:43.833
was the largest green roof
ever built,

00:47:43.867 --> 00:47:45.933
and my understanding
is that it was designed

00:47:45.967 --> 00:47:47.533
so that for a bird flying over,

00:47:47.567 --> 00:47:49.700
that it would look
like natural habitat.

00:47:49.733 --> 00:47:51.567
And the building
is really successful

00:47:51.600 --> 00:47:54.033
at integrating
daylighting strategies,

00:47:54.067 --> 00:47:55.867
natural ventilation strategies,

00:47:55.900 --> 00:47:58.633
and just feeling
really nice and open.

00:47:58.667 --> 00:48:02.133
We are a technology company
trying to lead the way

00:48:02.167 --> 00:48:03.800
and always to innovate
and attract

00:48:03.833 --> 00:48:05.067
the best talent in the world.

00:48:05.100 --> 00:48:07.833
Creating a workplace that has

00:48:07.867 --> 00:48:09.500
some of these
biophilic attributes

00:48:09.533 --> 00:48:11.933
undoubtedly helps us
do that more successfully,

00:48:11.967 --> 00:48:13.500
and that\'s good business.

00:48:13.533 --> 00:48:16.533
[water lightly splashing]

00:48:20.167 --> 00:48:22.533
- This atrium is a living being,

00:48:22.567 --> 00:48:25.167
and we often refer
to the building

00:48:25.200 --> 00:48:27.267
as \"an organism,\"

00:48:27.300 --> 00:48:30.300
organism in a sense
that it adapts,

00:48:30.333 --> 00:48:33.967
that it adjusts, that it moves,

00:48:34.000 --> 00:48:35.300
that light is coming in

00:48:35.333 --> 00:48:40.133
and reflects the cycle
of day and night and seasons.

00:48:40.167 --> 00:48:42.300
- Well, it feels like
you are not in a building.

00:48:42.333 --> 00:48:44.467
It feels like you\'re outside.

00:48:44.500 --> 00:48:46.733
We found in a survey,

00:48:46.767 --> 00:48:49.167
people felt
that their sense of well-being

00:48:49.200 --> 00:48:50.900
is better in this building,
and therefore,

00:48:50.933 --> 00:48:52.433
they feel better,
and then, of course,

00:48:52.467 --> 00:48:54.500
they\'re more productive
as a result.

00:48:54.533 --> 00:48:58.800
- I sometimes wonder
why efficiency

00:48:58.833 --> 00:49:04.000
in our technical world
is not covering beauty.

00:49:04.033 --> 00:49:06.867
\'Cause if something
is not beautiful,

00:49:06.900 --> 00:49:10.967
it probably is not efficient

00:49:11.000 --> 00:49:13.133
in a holistic sense.

00:49:13.167 --> 00:49:18.167
[relaxing piano music]

00:49:21.967 --> 00:49:23.500
narrator:
Biophilic design can extend

00:49:23.533 --> 00:49:26.067
beyond individual buildings
to entire neighborhoods

00:49:26.100 --> 00:49:27.467
and even cities

00:49:27.500 --> 00:49:29.333
where connections to nature
can contribute

00:49:29.367 --> 00:49:31.900
to a higher quality of life.

00:49:31.933 --> 00:49:33.467
Biophilic design often occurs

00:49:33.500 --> 00:49:35.100
in the neighborhoods
of old cities

00:49:35.133 --> 00:49:37.067
or well-designed
modern communities,

00:49:37.100 --> 00:49:39.433
where the widespread use
of natural materials

00:49:39.467 --> 00:49:40.767
and the ordered complexity

00:49:40.800 --> 00:49:44.300
of the natural world
are revealed.

00:49:46.100 --> 00:49:49.100
[bold horn music]

00:49:51.400 --> 00:49:52.800
- A film called \"The City\"

00:49:52.833 --> 00:49:57.333
was made for the New York
World\'s Fair in 1939,

00:49:57.367 --> 00:50:00.433
and it\'s based on the ideas
of Lewis Mumford.

00:50:00.467 --> 00:50:04.033
And in that film, we see a move

00:50:04.067 --> 00:50:08.333
from the traditional town
of America

00:50:08.367 --> 00:50:10.833
in the 17th and 18th centuries

00:50:10.867 --> 00:50:14.800
through a section
which was shot in Pittsburgh

00:50:14.833 --> 00:50:18.033
which is about
the very poor quality of life

00:50:18.067 --> 00:50:20.400
which you get
if you just make a lot of steel

00:50:20.433 --> 00:50:23.867
and exploit a lot of workers
and create a lot of pollution.

00:50:23.900 --> 00:50:25.533
- Machines, inventions, power.

00:50:25.567 --> 00:50:27.900
Black out the past.
Forget the quiet cities.

00:50:27.933 --> 00:50:31.000
Bring in the steam and steel,
the iron men, the giants.

00:50:31.033 --> 00:50:32.533
Open the throttle.
All aboard.

00:50:32.567 --> 00:50:33.967
The promised land.

00:50:34.000 --> 00:50:36.967
Pillars of smoke by day.
Pillars of fire by night.

00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:40.467
- And then into
a planned community,

00:50:40.500 --> 00:50:43.667
which, in the film,
is Greenbelt, Maryland,

00:50:43.700 --> 00:50:45.100
and what we\'re looking at here

00:50:45.133 --> 00:50:49.300
is the green belt towns program
of the New Deal.

00:50:49.333 --> 00:50:52.800
There\'s a definite
progression here,

00:50:52.833 --> 00:50:54.333
and that\'s what planning is.

00:50:54.367 --> 00:51:00.167
The planning is supposed
to be better than non-planning.

00:51:00.200 --> 00:51:03.700
- When you look at the pattern
of urban growth,

00:51:03.733 --> 00:51:07.200
urbanization here in the U.S.,
particularly post-World War II,

00:51:07.233 --> 00:51:09.167
we\'ve had this phenomenon
of sprawl,

00:51:09.200 --> 00:51:12.633
that growth at the periphery

00:51:12.667 --> 00:51:15.900
using ever more land
at ever lower densities,

00:51:15.933 --> 00:51:17.267
heavily auto-dependent.

00:51:17.300 --> 00:51:20.533
So that\'s a pattern of growth,
pattern of urbanization

00:51:20.567 --> 00:51:23.400
that in some ways
takes us away from nature.

00:51:23.433 --> 00:51:25.267
We\'re spending
90-something percent

00:51:25.300 --> 00:51:27.000
of our day inside.

00:51:27.033 --> 00:51:29.000
The time that we\'re not
inside buildings,

00:51:29.033 --> 00:51:30.400
we\'re often in a car,

00:51:30.433 --> 00:51:32.100
and we know that
vehicle miles traveled

00:51:32.133 --> 00:51:34.500
has gone up dramatically
in the last several decades,

00:51:34.533 --> 00:51:37.967
so we have a crisis of place
in this country.

00:51:38.000 --> 00:51:39.833
We\'ve become
profoundly disconnected

00:51:39.867 --> 00:51:41.300
in the ways that we live,

00:51:41.333 --> 00:51:42.833
and the result is that
we care less

00:51:42.867 --> 00:51:46.067
about the places we live in.

00:51:46.100 --> 00:51:49.267
In this country, we tend
to think of cities and nature

00:51:49.300 --> 00:51:51.433
as being these kind
of polar opposites

00:51:51.467 --> 00:51:54.300
when, in fact, we need to think
about the concept of a city

00:51:54.333 --> 00:51:58.133
as being more like a garden,
full of nature, bountiful.

00:52:02.400 --> 00:52:05.400
- [speaking French]

00:53:14.167 --> 00:53:17.367
- The layout was clusters
of eight houses

00:53:17.400 --> 00:53:19.900
sharing a semiprivate space

00:53:19.933 --> 00:53:23.700
and then the entire village,
which was semipublic

00:53:23.733 --> 00:53:26.833
and shared and under the control
of the home owners.

00:53:26.867 --> 00:53:31.033
And that has built
an incredibly strong community.

00:53:31.067 --> 00:53:34.000
Next door, which is
a typical development,

00:53:34.033 --> 00:53:35.800
people know 17
of their neighbors,

00:53:35.833 --> 00:53:37.267
which I thought was pretty good.

00:53:37.300 --> 00:53:41.100
Village Homes, they know
40 of their neighbors.

00:53:42.967 --> 00:53:45.800
- What attracted me
was the space,

00:53:45.833 --> 00:53:48.800
the flow of activity
in the area,

00:53:48.833 --> 00:53:51.100
and the sociability
that I discovered.

00:53:51.133 --> 00:53:54.033
- It\'s, like, almost like
the 1970s or \'60s

00:53:54.067 --> 00:53:56.667
where you can just send
your kids out the back door

00:53:56.700 --> 00:53:58.500
to go and play
with a bunch of kids

00:53:58.533 --> 00:54:00.467
and not have to worry.

00:54:00.500 --> 00:54:02.167
It\'s amazing,
\'cause everything opens up

00:54:02.200 --> 00:54:05.133
out on to the greenbelt
or the walk paths,

00:54:05.167 --> 00:54:06.767
and then they all
kind of join together

00:54:06.800 --> 00:54:10.033
in these swale areas
where the kids can play.

00:54:10.067 --> 00:54:13.033
You know, the kids come out
rain or shine.

00:54:13.067 --> 00:54:17.300
It\'s a perfect environment
for kids to be kids.

00:54:32.433 --> 00:54:35.800
- Spatial planning
and urban planning

00:54:35.833 --> 00:54:37.467
really creates the circumstances

00:54:37.500 --> 00:54:39.967
for daily life
of millions of people.

00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:42.800
And if we create places where
you cannot explore anything

00:54:42.833 --> 00:54:47.867
or you cannot live
according to your nature,

00:54:47.900 --> 00:54:49.267
I mean, what are we doing?

00:54:49.300 --> 00:54:51.433
For me, that\'s very poor.

00:54:51.467 --> 00:54:56.167
It\'s more than just, you know,
eating, sleeping, working.

00:54:56.200 --> 00:54:58.867
It is richer like this,
and you can more grow up

00:54:58.900 --> 00:55:00.467
according
to your whole potential,

00:55:00.500 --> 00:55:04.633
to give it big names.

00:55:04.667 --> 00:55:07.167
And I saw children come in
that were very shy

00:55:07.200 --> 00:55:09.967
and, you know, was very careful
where they went

00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:12.500
and how they went along.

00:55:12.533 --> 00:55:13.933
And you saw them
after three months,

00:55:13.967 --> 00:55:18.867
they have really become
more free and more exploring,

00:55:18.900 --> 00:55:23.267
and that was great to see.

00:55:23.300 --> 00:55:24.633
- The most important area

00:55:24.667 --> 00:55:26.267
is where there\'s
the greatest need,

00:55:26.300 --> 00:55:28.900
so you probably don\'t
need to spend a lot of time

00:55:28.933 --> 00:55:32.333
looking at the homes
of people who run hedge funds,

00:55:32.367 --> 00:55:35.267
but it does make a lot of sense
to focus attention

00:55:35.300 --> 00:55:37.933
on how do we take
the most crowded places

00:55:37.967 --> 00:55:40.333
with the most
vulnerable populations

00:55:40.367 --> 00:55:42.867
and make those
better places to live in.

00:55:46.100 --> 00:55:48.133
- High Point is 120 acres.

00:55:48.167 --> 00:55:50.800
There will be
about 1,700 units here.

00:55:50.833 --> 00:55:53.533
45% will be rental housing.

00:55:53.567 --> 00:55:55.500
Part of that
is very low income rental.

00:55:55.533 --> 00:55:57.333
Part of that
is workforce housing.

00:55:57.367 --> 00:55:59.933
Then there\'s some affordable
home ownership,

00:55:59.967 --> 00:56:04.500
so it\'s a notion of a real
mixed income community.

00:56:04.533 --> 00:56:06.767
- Front porches
are very, very large.

00:56:06.800 --> 00:56:08.200
Everyone has a front porch,

00:56:08.233 --> 00:56:10.767
or they have a large
balcony space above,

00:56:10.800 --> 00:56:15.033
so you have that prospect
and refuge aspect of biophilia.

00:56:15.067 --> 00:56:17.267
We were lucky to be able
to incorporate public art

00:56:17.300 --> 00:56:18.533
throughout the project,

00:56:18.567 --> 00:56:21.067
and the artist
had a really great idea

00:56:21.100 --> 00:56:24.267
to have that tell the story
of the stormwater

00:56:24.300 --> 00:56:25.700
and the natural drainage system.

00:56:25.733 --> 00:56:28.767
And it begins with
the downspouts on the buildings.

00:56:28.800 --> 00:56:32.167
The splash blocks were cast
by the artist

00:56:32.200 --> 00:56:34.233
in multiple different patterns.

00:56:34.267 --> 00:56:36.233
This one...
- This one is my favorite.

00:56:36.267 --> 00:56:38.033
- Yeah.
- Has a little salmon.

00:56:38.067 --> 00:56:39.367
- Yeah, this one
has a salmon in it.

00:56:39.400 --> 00:56:40.900
- Spawning.
Yeah.

00:56:40.933 --> 00:56:44.533
- Spawning salmon to connect,
so you connect immediately

00:56:44.567 --> 00:56:47.500
that the water falling
on the roof has a connection

00:56:47.533 --> 00:56:52.233
to the salmon-bearing
Longfellow Creek.

00:56:52.267 --> 00:56:54.633
A lot of the biophilia
part of design

00:56:54.667 --> 00:56:56.067
is just good design.

00:56:56.100 --> 00:56:58.367
It just makes sense.

00:56:58.400 --> 00:57:00.933
In terms of designing
for community,

00:57:00.967 --> 00:57:03.033
it seems to me that one
of the most important things

00:57:03.067 --> 00:57:05.000
is to allow the possibility.

00:57:05.033 --> 00:57:07.833
Don\'t design the possibility
of community

00:57:07.867 --> 00:57:09.933
out of the neighborhood.

00:57:09.967 --> 00:57:14.967
[peaceful piano music]

00:57:50.300 --> 00:57:54.067
- Biophilia really enhances
the design palette.

00:57:54.100 --> 00:57:56.000
It gives you so many more things

00:57:56.033 --> 00:57:58.267
that you can work with,
that you can do,

00:57:58.300 --> 00:58:01.867
that we know
have positive impacts.

00:58:01.900 --> 00:58:03.833
And it doesn\'t tell you
what to do.

00:58:03.867 --> 00:58:06.000
It tells you kind of
what\'s important

00:58:06.033 --> 00:58:08.533
and gives you lots and lots
of ways to do that.

00:58:17.867 --> 00:58:20.033
- Ultimately, biophilic design

00:58:20.067 --> 00:58:22.500
is more about restoring
our connection to nature

00:58:22.533 --> 00:58:23.867
than it is about adopting

00:58:23.900 --> 00:58:27.400
a new methodology for design
of the built environment.

00:58:27.433 --> 00:58:29.900
Its accomplishment
will therefore require

00:58:29.933 --> 00:58:32.267
a fundamental shift
in human consciousness.

00:58:32.300 --> 00:58:35.100
It leads to a new ethic
of responsibility

00:58:35.133 --> 00:58:39.767
for caring for the Earth
and our relationship to it.

00:58:39.800 --> 00:58:42.200
The heart of this challenge
is a modern world

00:58:42.233 --> 00:58:43.667
that has largely forgotten

00:58:43.700 --> 00:58:47.733
how much our physical, mental,
and even spiritual well-being

00:58:47.767 --> 00:58:49.467
continues to rely on the quality

00:58:49.500 --> 00:58:51.833
of our relationship to nature.

00:58:51.867 --> 00:58:53.967
The promise of biophilic design

00:58:54.000 --> 00:58:56.400
will therefore require
a new realization,

00:58:56.433 --> 00:58:59.533
whether at home or at work,
at school or at play,

00:58:59.567 --> 00:59:02.900
indoors or outdoors,
of how much we still depend

00:59:02.933 --> 00:59:04.800
on beneficial contact
with nature

00:59:04.833 --> 00:59:08.333
to be healthy, productive,
and whole.

00:59:12.633 --> 00:59:16.067
This change will require
an ethic of responsibility

00:59:16.100 --> 00:59:17.600
for the natural world

00:59:17.633 --> 00:59:20.633
motivated not by the desire
to save nature,

00:59:20.667 --> 00:59:24.600
but by a profound realization
of our own self-interest.

00:59:24.633 --> 00:59:25.800
In the long run,

00:59:25.833 --> 00:59:27.900
we will sustain
only those things,

00:59:27.933 --> 00:59:29.967
whether buildings or species,

00:59:30.000 --> 00:59:32.867
that we are convinced
contributes to a better

00:59:32.900 --> 00:59:35.800
and more fulfilling existence.

00:59:35.833 --> 00:59:39.167
This is the moral imperative
of biophilic design.

00:59:39.200 --> 00:59:41.467
This is the understanding
at the core

00:59:41.500 --> 00:59:44.433
of the great ecologist
Aldo Leopold\'s \"Land Ethic\"

00:59:44.467 --> 00:59:47.933
when he remarked
more than one half century ago,

00:59:47.967 --> 00:59:50.867
\"There must be some force
behind conservation

00:59:50.900 --> 00:59:52.867
\"more universal than profit,

00:59:52.900 --> 00:59:54.433
\"less awkward than government,

00:59:54.467 --> 00:59:56.300
\"less ephemeral than sport,

00:59:56.333 --> 01:00:00.167
\"something that reaches
into all times and all places,

01:00:00.200 --> 01:00:01.700
\"something that
brackets everything

01:00:01.733 --> 01:00:03.700
\"from rivers to raindrops,

01:00:03.733 --> 01:00:05.767
\"from whales to hummingbirds,

01:00:05.800 --> 01:00:08.900
\"from land estates
to window boxes.

01:00:08.933 --> 01:00:11.533
\"I can see only one such force:

01:00:11.567 --> 01:00:14.000
\"a respect for the land
as an organism

01:00:14.033 --> 01:00:18.600
out of love for and obligation
to that great biota.\"