00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.994
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:02:36.187 --> 00:02:39.680
Well, I never realized this was
going to be such a big deal.

00:02:39.680 --> 00:02:42.674
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:02:50.159 --> 00:02:56.646
But it feels like it's a
wrap of what I've been doing.

00:02:56.646 --> 00:03:00.638
It really is a nice completion.

00:03:04.131 --> 00:03:08.123
I can just go home and die now.

00:03:08.123 --> 00:03:11.117
[APPLAUSE AND MUSIC PLAYING]

00:03:32.670 --> 00:03:35.460
Ever since our species
appeared on earth,

00:03:35.460 --> 00:03:38.540
human beings have
gathered around a fire

00:03:38.540 --> 00:03:43.270
to fulfill our most elemental
human need, companionship,

00:03:43.270 --> 00:03:46.790
as we reaffirmed kinship
and tribal bonds,

00:03:46.790 --> 00:03:50.830
recounted experiences, and
pondered those great questions

00:03:50.830 --> 00:03:53.050
that had so long troubled us.

00:03:53.050 --> 00:03:54.702
Who are we?

00:03:54.702 --> 00:03:57.380
How did we get here?

00:03:57.380 --> 00:03:58.750
Why are we here?

00:03:58.750 --> 00:04:01.790
And where are we going?

00:04:01.790 --> 00:04:04.160
I am a man of science.

00:04:04.160 --> 00:04:08.580
And today, science is the
source of the powerful insights

00:04:08.580 --> 00:04:12.020
that have become part of
the modern narrative of how

00:04:12.020 --> 00:04:13.670
we got here.

00:04:13.670 --> 00:04:17.079
But the creation stories
emerging from that science

00:04:17.079 --> 00:04:21.269
seem every bit as removed
from our everyday experience

00:04:21.269 --> 00:04:26.940
and every bit as fantastic
as the myths of the past.

00:04:26.940 --> 00:04:31.400
Imagine a beginning
14 billion years ago,

00:04:31.400 --> 00:04:35.880
when the entire universe was
contained in a single point

00:04:35.880 --> 00:04:39.270
the size of a period
on a typed page.

00:04:39.270 --> 00:04:41.660
Consider the Big
Bang, an explosion

00:04:41.660 --> 00:04:44.730
at a temperature so great,
that matter could not

00:04:44.730 --> 00:04:48.190
exist until the
expanding universe cooled

00:04:48.190 --> 00:04:52.240
enough to allow matter to
condense into particles

00:04:52.240 --> 00:04:55.630
from that point on,
set the physical rules

00:04:55.630 --> 00:04:58.010
throughout the cosmos.

00:04:58.010 --> 00:05:01.120
It confounds our
imagination to think

00:05:01.120 --> 00:05:04.490
that as vast clouds of
atoms drawn together

00:05:04.490 --> 00:05:07.970
by a gravitational
force eventually

00:05:07.970 --> 00:05:12.140
coalesced into countless
stars that suddenly ignited

00:05:12.140 --> 00:05:14.420
their nuclear
furnaces to light up

00:05:14.420 --> 00:05:17.780
the heavens in a cosmic instant.

00:05:17.780 --> 00:05:21.300
But before I go any further,
let me introduce myself.

00:05:21.300 --> 00:05:27.130
My name is David Takayoshi
Suzuki-- David, a powerful name

00:05:27.130 --> 00:05:29.630
given to me by my father,
because he worried

00:05:29.630 --> 00:05:32.950
that I would be a small
man surrounded by Caucasian

00:05:32.950 --> 00:05:39.180
Goliaths; Takayoshi, meaning
filial piety, respect

00:05:39.180 --> 00:05:43.450
for our elders, given to
me by my father's father;

00:05:43.450 --> 00:05:50.520
and Suzuki, Bellwood in English,
the biggest clan in Japan.

00:05:50.520 --> 00:05:54.550
I was born in 1936, in
Vancouver, British Columbia,

00:05:54.550 --> 00:05:57.195
where both of my parents
were born, as well.

00:05:57.195 --> 00:06:00.660
[AIRPLANE ENGINE]

00:06:04.370 --> 00:06:08.120
I have no idea what it
is that made me who I am.

00:06:08.120 --> 00:06:11.340
[AIR RAID SIREN]

00:06:12.730 --> 00:06:17.190
Certainly, I always say Pearl
Harbor and the repercussions

00:06:17.190 --> 00:06:21.940
of Pearl Harbor were the
defining events in my life.

00:06:21.940 --> 00:06:24.940
[EXPLOSION]

00:06:36.940 --> 00:06:38.669
[SPEAKING JAPANESE]

00:07:03.460 --> 00:07:08.120
Well, the war started
on Sunday, December 7th.

00:07:08.120 --> 00:07:12.070
But the next day,
my father-- and I

00:07:12.070 --> 00:07:15.050
calculate he was
about 31 years old--

00:07:15.050 --> 00:07:17.674
went to the [INAUDIBLE]
barber, said, well,

00:07:17.674 --> 00:07:19.340
if they're going to
treat me like a Jap,

00:07:19.340 --> 00:07:20.673
I might as well look like a Jap.

00:07:20.673 --> 00:07:23.470
I want it cut off in a crew cut.

00:07:23.470 --> 00:07:27.190
And he kept that all
the rest of his life.

00:07:27.190 --> 00:07:32.850
I always thought of that
as like a symbolic cutting

00:07:32.850 --> 00:07:38.440
of that top knot, when
a samurai was disgraced.

00:07:41.721 --> 00:07:43.470
At least, that's what
I see in the movies.

00:07:43.470 --> 00:07:46.416
[JAPANESE SOPRANO SINGING]

00:07:56.250 --> 00:07:59.030
The War Measures Act
was applied in 1942,

00:07:59.030 --> 00:08:02.070
suspending all rights
of citizenship.

00:08:02.070 --> 00:08:06.250
Property confiscated,
bank accounts frozen,

00:08:06.250 --> 00:08:09.793
and my dad was shipped off to
a road camp near Revelstoke.

00:08:14.140 --> 00:08:17.745
And there must have
been so much anger.

00:08:17.745 --> 00:08:18.370
What do you do?

00:08:18.370 --> 00:08:21.610
All the power is here.

00:08:21.610 --> 00:08:25.330
And though they may look
different from Canadians,

00:08:25.330 --> 00:08:26.550
but they're Canadians.

00:08:26.550 --> 00:08:31.010
And the frustration,
what can you do?

00:08:31.010 --> 00:08:35.600
You've got no power, and
you do what they tell you.

00:08:35.600 --> 00:08:38.730
The Japanese have this
expression, ganbare, which

00:08:38.730 --> 00:08:40.379
means you just suck it in.

00:08:40.379 --> 00:08:44.210
And I guess it's the equivalent
of a stiff upper lip.

00:08:44.210 --> 00:08:46.390
But you just have
to tough it out.

00:08:46.390 --> 00:08:48.870
And what I see there
is resignation,

00:08:48.870 --> 00:08:51.732
like what can he do?

00:08:51.732 --> 00:08:53.065
They're just-- they're helpless.

00:08:57.770 --> 00:09:02.530
And that is so reminiscent
of being on a cattle car.

00:09:02.530 --> 00:09:05.512
I mean, it could very
well be a cattle car.

00:09:05.512 --> 00:09:07.303
[MUSIC - BING CROSBY, "DON'T
FENCE ME IN"]

00:09:07.303 --> 00:09:12.906
Oh give me land, lots of land,
under starry skies above.

00:09:12.906 --> 00:09:16.370
Don't fence me in.

00:09:16.370 --> 00:09:20.340
We're allowed 70 pounds of
luggage each, put in a train,

00:09:20.340 --> 00:09:22.875
and shipped to, what we
called, the ghost town.

00:09:22.875 --> 00:09:26.440
Don't fence me in.

00:09:26.440 --> 00:09:28.250
The little girl looks
just like my sister.

00:09:28.250 --> 00:09:32.920
Let me be by myself
in the evening breeze.

00:09:32.920 --> 00:09:36.350
For my dad and mother, it
must have been an absolutely

00:09:36.350 --> 00:09:39.820
brutal time, because suddenly,
the country that they

00:09:39.820 --> 00:09:43.543
were born and raised in said,
look, you're not trustworthy.

00:09:43.543 --> 00:09:45.395
Don't fence me in.

00:09:45.395 --> 00:09:47.710
Just turn me loose.

00:09:47.710 --> 00:09:50.770
I grew up not even being
aware of the reality

00:09:50.770 --> 00:09:52.490
of being Japanese.

00:09:52.490 --> 00:09:54.230
I was just a Canadian kid.

00:09:54.230 --> 00:09:57.646
[MUSIC - BING CROSBY, "DON'T
FENCE ME IN"]

00:10:14.740 --> 00:10:16.740
Just seeing this, they
were really Japanese.

00:10:25.146 --> 00:10:26.520
I guess that's
why people thought

00:10:26.520 --> 00:10:30.750
of them as we're funny looking
and had different eating

00:10:30.750 --> 00:10:31.250
habits.

00:10:33.830 --> 00:10:37.010
I mean, look at the walls.

00:10:37.010 --> 00:10:39.170
It's paper.

00:10:39.170 --> 00:10:41.780
And it used to get brutally
cold in this valley.

00:10:41.780 --> 00:10:44.340
It was--

00:10:44.340 --> 00:10:47.339
[MUSIC - BING CROSBY, "DON'T
FENCE ME IN"]

00:11:07.798 --> 00:11:09.945
I came out of the
camp at the end

00:11:09.945 --> 00:11:11.695
with a tremendous
amount of self-loathing.

00:11:17.800 --> 00:11:22.170
I don't remember this, but I
was coming back from school.

00:11:22.170 --> 00:11:25.270
My dad was waiting,
and he could see,

00:11:25.270 --> 00:11:28.380
along the tracks, this
kid running and falling

00:11:28.380 --> 00:11:31.240
and these kids chasing him,
and then getting up and running

00:11:31.240 --> 00:11:31.740
and falling.

00:11:31.740 --> 00:11:33.090
And they were hitting him.

00:11:33.090 --> 00:11:34.640
And it was me.

00:11:34.640 --> 00:11:38.400
And those were Japanese
kids chasing me coming home

00:11:38.400 --> 00:11:41.420
from school, because I was
one of the few kids that

00:11:41.420 --> 00:11:43.060
couldn't speak Japanese.

00:11:43.060 --> 00:11:46.960
So they were all picking on me.

00:11:46.960 --> 00:11:49.640
I remember when my dad
came and rescued me,

00:11:49.640 --> 00:11:52.560
but I don't remember
much else of that.

00:11:52.560 --> 00:11:57.090
But I was a loner in the
camps, because, as I say,

00:11:57.090 --> 00:11:59.280
most kids had parents
that came from Japan.

00:11:59.280 --> 00:12:00.770
So they were fluently bilingual.

00:12:00.770 --> 00:12:03.840
Whereas my mom and dad had
never been to Japan and only

00:12:03.840 --> 00:12:04.530
spoke English.

00:12:04.530 --> 00:12:11.570
So I was a freak among
Japanese kids in they'd-- well,

00:12:11.570 --> 00:12:14.200
that's my first real
encounter with discrimination,

00:12:14.200 --> 00:12:18.850
was from other Japanese kids.

00:12:18.850 --> 00:12:20.810
So it makes it hard
when white people don't

00:12:20.810 --> 00:12:22.351
want to have anything
to do with you,

00:12:22.351 --> 00:12:25.980
and Japanese kids don't
want to do stuff with you.

00:12:25.980 --> 00:12:27.990
So I went fishing.

00:12:47.230 --> 00:12:47.730
Woo-hoo.

00:12:51.330 --> 00:12:55.880
Within my living memory,
the human relationship

00:12:55.880 --> 00:12:58.740
with the planet
has transmogrified.

00:12:58.740 --> 00:13:02.450
We have become a force
like no other species

00:13:02.450 --> 00:13:07.690
in the 3.8 billion years that
life has existed on Earth.

00:13:07.690 --> 00:13:10.910
And the ascension to
this position of power

00:13:10.910 --> 00:13:15.500
has happened with
explosive speed.

00:13:15.500 --> 00:13:18.150
It took all of human
existence to reach

00:13:18.150 --> 00:13:20.850
a population of one
billion people early

00:13:20.850 --> 00:13:22.810
in the 19th century.

00:13:22.810 --> 00:13:27.700
Then in less than two centuries,
it shot almost straight up,

00:13:27.700 --> 00:13:31.020
past 6.8 billion.

00:13:31.020 --> 00:13:33.730
Each time the
population of the planet

00:13:33.730 --> 00:13:39.010
doubles, the people who are
alive at that moment number

00:13:39.010 --> 00:13:43.420
more than all of the other
people who have ever lived.

00:13:43.420 --> 00:13:46.310
But now, we are also living
more than twice as long

00:13:46.310 --> 00:13:48.480
as people did in the past.

00:13:48.480 --> 00:13:52.000
So our numbers and
longevity alone

00:13:52.000 --> 00:13:56.120
mean that as the most
numerous mammal on the planet,

00:13:56.120 --> 00:13:59.910
we now have a very heavy
ecological footprint.

00:13:59.910 --> 00:14:03.560
It takes a lot of
land, air, and water

00:14:03.560 --> 00:14:06.620
to support us and keep us alive.

00:14:06.620 --> 00:14:09.010
A global economy
built on supplying

00:14:09.010 --> 00:14:11.930
an ever-expanding
consumer demand

00:14:11.930 --> 00:14:16.830
exploits the entire planet
as a source of raw materials.

00:14:16.830 --> 00:14:19.990
So when you take all that
together, our numbers,

00:14:19.990 --> 00:14:22.760
our vast technological
muscle power,

00:14:22.760 --> 00:14:27.330
our exploding consumptive
demand, and the global economy,

00:14:27.330 --> 00:14:31.790
we have become a new kind
of force on the planet.

00:14:31.790 --> 00:14:35.720
One species, us,
is single-handedly

00:14:35.720 --> 00:14:38.850
altering the
biological, physical,

00:14:38.850 --> 00:14:42.480
and chemical features of
the planet in a mere instant

00:14:42.480 --> 00:14:44.670
of cosmic time.

00:14:44.670 --> 00:14:47.250
We have become a
force of nature.

00:14:47.250 --> 00:14:49.930
[CAR ENGINE HUMMING AND JAPANESE
CHOIR SINGING]

00:14:57.064 --> 00:14:58.480
As the world was
coming to an end,

00:14:58.480 --> 00:15:00.820
the BC government decided
they didn't want any more

00:15:00.820 --> 00:15:05.210
Japanese in British Columbia.

00:15:05.210 --> 00:15:08.080
My mother's parents were in
one of the early boatloads

00:15:08.080 --> 00:15:12.870
to go to Japan, and they
landed in Hiroshima.

00:15:12.870 --> 00:15:18.600
When we were leaving British
Columbia to go to Ontario,

00:15:18.600 --> 00:15:23.770
the Japanese who were going
back to Japan in the first boats

00:15:23.770 --> 00:15:27.070
were gathered at a
place called Tashme.

00:15:27.070 --> 00:15:32.930
And Tashme was out past Hope,
as we had come out of the camps

00:15:32.930 --> 00:15:36.520
and then were taking the train
from Vancouver across Canada,

00:15:36.520 --> 00:15:38.220
to get out of British Columbia.

00:15:38.220 --> 00:15:41.480
And someone yelled, Sue.

00:15:41.480 --> 00:15:43.429
My mother's name was Sue.

00:15:43.429 --> 00:15:44.262
There's your mother.

00:15:50.760 --> 00:15:53.670
My mother was a very,
very controlled person.

00:15:53.670 --> 00:15:57.260
And I'd never seen
her respond like that.

00:15:57.260 --> 00:16:03.010
She just ran, knocked
aside a child.

00:16:03.010 --> 00:16:06.220
And to see, my mother would
never do anything like that.

00:16:06.220 --> 00:16:19.206
She just ran over to see her
mom and dad for the last time.

00:16:23.795 --> 00:16:27.750
And both of them were
dead in less than a year.

00:16:30.708 --> 00:16:33.666
[NON-ENGLISH CHANTING]

00:17:10.692 --> 00:17:11.656
[SUSPENSEFUL MUSIC]

00:17:11.656 --> 00:17:14.066
[JET ROARING]

00:17:14.066 --> 00:17:16.518
[CHIMES]

00:17:19.013 --> 00:17:22.506
[GONG]

00:17:27.995 --> 00:17:30.989
[GONG]

00:17:30.989 --> 00:17:34.981
[EERIE MUSIC PLAYING]

00:17:34.981 --> 00:17:37.476
[GONG]

00:17:42.000 --> 00:17:45.220
The bomb killed
over 100,000 people.

00:17:45.220 --> 00:17:48.840
Just instantly annihilated them.

00:17:48.840 --> 00:17:50.760
But then there were
tens of thousands

00:17:50.760 --> 00:17:54.400
of people that survived
in horrific ways.

00:17:54.400 --> 00:17:55.820
And they suffered.

00:17:55.820 --> 00:17:59.170
I mean, the river that
runs along this area

00:17:59.170 --> 00:18:03.190
here was filled with bodies of
people who were so badly burned

00:18:03.190 --> 00:18:07.810
by that flash, and their
bodies were just weeping fluid,

00:18:07.810 --> 00:18:10.150
and they were thirsty,
because they were losing

00:18:10.150 --> 00:18:11.440
the water in their bodies.

00:18:11.440 --> 00:18:14.030
And they rushed to the
river and plunged into it.

00:18:14.030 --> 00:18:16.310
And in drinking that
water, they died.

00:18:16.310 --> 00:18:20.550
And all-- you hear the stories
that people walked over

00:18:20.550 --> 00:18:23.960
the carcasses of human beings
that were in that river.

00:18:26.900 --> 00:18:30.560
But however horrible
the survivors

00:18:30.560 --> 00:18:36.160
lived, in a few days, this rumor
spread throughout Hiroshima

00:18:36.160 --> 00:18:40.200
that nothing would ever
grow in Hiroshima again,

00:18:40.200 --> 00:18:44.300
that basically the atomic
bomb had sterilized the land.

00:18:44.300 --> 00:18:49.470
And that was even more horrible
than what the survivors were

00:18:49.470 --> 00:18:51.860
going through.

00:18:51.860 --> 00:18:54.920
The thought that
nature itself had

00:18:54.920 --> 00:18:59.980
been wiped out by the nuclear
bomb was an unbearable thing.

00:18:59.980 --> 00:19:02.110
And it was only
when people began

00:19:02.110 --> 00:19:06.100
to report that they saw
plants beginning to sprout,

00:19:06.100 --> 00:19:08.840
that there was a relief
that spread through the city

00:19:08.840 --> 00:19:11.540
that no, nature wasn't killed.

00:19:11.540 --> 00:19:15.600
And I think that story
is so important today.

00:19:15.600 --> 00:19:19.870
64 years later,
nature is once again

00:19:19.870 --> 00:19:23.850
threatened by the enormous
power of humankind.

00:19:23.850 --> 00:19:26.330
The thought we are driving
species to extinction

00:19:26.330 --> 00:19:30.320
at a rate that hasn't been
seen for 65 million years,

00:19:30.320 --> 00:19:33.370
the idea that
millions of species

00:19:33.370 --> 00:19:37.040
are going to go out of existence
within our lifetime, to me,

00:19:37.040 --> 00:19:39.610
is horrifying, every
bit as horrifying

00:19:39.610 --> 00:19:43.010
as the notion that Hiroshima
was once sterilized.

00:19:50.885 --> 00:19:54.364
[DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYING]

00:19:57.843 --> 00:19:59.831
[SPEAKING JAPANESE]

00:19:59.831 --> 00:20:02.813
[BELLS RINGING AND DRAMATIC
MUSIC]

00:20:14.741 --> 00:20:16.729
[SPEAKING JAPANESE]

00:20:16.729 --> 00:20:19.214
[BELLS RINGING AND DRAMATIC
MUSIC]

00:20:23.190 --> 00:20:25.178
[SPEAKING JAPANESE]

00:20:25.178 --> 00:20:27.663
[DRAMATIC MUSIC]

00:20:32.690 --> 00:20:34.790
[SPEAKING JAPANESE]

00:20:34.790 --> 00:20:35.790
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:20:35.790 --> 00:20:38.778
[RUSHING  OF BIRDS' WINGS]

00:20:41.742 --> 00:20:44.212
[SPEAKING JAPANESE]

00:20:44.212 --> 00:20:47.176
[SINGING JAPANESE]

00:20:53.104 --> 00:20:56.068
[INTERPOSING VOICES SPEAKING
JAPANESE]

00:21:05.948 --> 00:21:08.912
[SINGING JAPANESE AND
INTERPOSING VOICES]

00:21:20.338 --> 00:21:21.820
They're everywhere.

00:21:21.820 --> 00:21:24.620
People are everywhere
around here.

00:21:24.620 --> 00:21:27.900
I mean, we had the--
that plane went up,

00:21:27.900 --> 00:21:31.020
and instantly,
bodies disappeared.

00:21:31.020 --> 00:21:35.560
They were basically
turned into plasma.

00:21:35.560 --> 00:21:39.950
And matter doesn't just
disappear and vanish.

00:21:39.950 --> 00:21:41.965
So the atoms are all around us.

00:21:41.965 --> 00:21:42.590
They've rained.

00:21:42.590 --> 00:21:44.360
When it rains, they
fall to the ground.

00:21:44.360 --> 00:21:46.120
They run in the river.

00:21:46.120 --> 00:21:47.650
They're all still here.

00:21:47.650 --> 00:21:50.890
They're still here.

00:21:50.890 --> 00:21:53.878
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:22:17.800 --> 00:22:21.720
We've just come through an
economic meltdown, a crisis

00:22:21.720 --> 00:22:24.260
perhaps second only to
the Great Depression.

00:22:24.260 --> 00:22:27.600
And we're still far
from fully comprehending

00:22:27.600 --> 00:22:32.730
the causes and ramifications
of the current situation.

00:22:32.730 --> 00:22:38.730
This economic crash came on the
heels of rising public concern

00:22:38.730 --> 00:22:41.670
that human activity
has become so great,

00:22:41.670 --> 00:22:44.790
that our [INAUDIBLE]
use of fossil fuels

00:22:44.790 --> 00:22:47.820
is altering the chemistry
of the atmosphere,

00:22:47.820 --> 00:22:53.700
with potentially catastrophic
effects for all of humankind.

00:22:53.700 --> 00:22:58.420
The economic crisis reveals
the immense repercussions

00:22:58.420 --> 00:23:01.860
of a globalized economy
as all countries,

00:23:01.860 --> 00:23:06.580
from the richest to the poorest,
confront the urgent challenge

00:23:06.580 --> 00:23:08.930
of climate change.

00:23:08.930 --> 00:23:12.570
But climate change is
just one of the problems

00:23:12.570 --> 00:23:15.980
that we've created in our
rush to exploit resources

00:23:15.980 --> 00:23:18.630
without regard to
the consequences

00:23:18.630 --> 00:23:22.350
or the long-term true cost.

00:23:22.350 --> 00:23:27.080
Forests support much of the
biological diversity on earth,

00:23:27.080 --> 00:23:31.900
store vast amounts of carbon,
pump huge quantities of water

00:23:31.900 --> 00:23:35.490
into the atmosphere to
affect weather and climate.

00:23:35.490 --> 00:23:39.850
In less than a century, 80%
of the forests of the land

00:23:39.850 --> 00:23:42.390
have been fragmented and lost.

00:23:42.390 --> 00:23:46.420
Each year, millions of
tons of toxic compounds

00:23:46.420 --> 00:23:51.100
are spewed into air, water,
and land, so that each of us

00:23:51.100 --> 00:23:55.040
now carries several pounds
of plastic and dozens

00:23:55.040 --> 00:23:58.900
of toxic molecules
dissolved in our bodies.

00:23:58.900 --> 00:24:01.970
The vast tapestry of
species of plants, animals,

00:24:01.970 --> 00:24:05.300
and microorganisms
is the very source

00:24:05.300 --> 00:24:07.930
of all we need to survive.

00:24:07.930 --> 00:24:11.430
Yet today, we are tearing
at this web of life

00:24:11.430 --> 00:24:16.060
by driving an estimated
50,000 species to extinction

00:24:16.060 --> 00:24:17.530
every year.

00:24:17.530 --> 00:24:24.100
The oceans are a mess, beset
by depleted fish, dead zones,

00:24:24.100 --> 00:24:26.640
islands of plastic,
and acidification.

00:24:51.540 --> 00:24:54.510
[NON-ENGLISH AUCTIONEER SINGING]

00:25:04.460 --> 00:25:07.180
You can see why
there is a frenzy.

00:25:07.180 --> 00:25:10.830
Each of these animals is worth
tens of thousands of dollars,

00:25:10.830 --> 00:25:13.590
right here, and there's
a feeding frenzy

00:25:13.590 --> 00:25:16.360
to get the last of its kind.

00:25:25.210 --> 00:25:28.990
I believe that
today's children will

00:25:28.990 --> 00:25:32.380
look back on what's happening
here and say that was criminal.

00:25:32.380 --> 00:25:36.190
What you did is an
inter-generational crime,

00:25:36.190 --> 00:25:39.480
that we took part in the
liquidation of the species,

00:25:39.480 --> 00:25:41.870
that should have been
the right of our children

00:25:41.870 --> 00:25:44.720
and grandchildren and
all future generations

00:25:44.720 --> 00:25:48.390
to know and enjoy and use.

00:25:48.390 --> 00:25:50.170
But we're doing it right now.

00:25:50.170 --> 00:25:53.496
If that. isn't a crime,
I don't know what is.

00:25:53.496 --> 00:25:55.810
[NON ENGLISH AUCTIONEER
CHANTING]

00:26:29.690 --> 00:26:32.620
I mean, I feel a
great sense of sadness

00:26:32.620 --> 00:26:36.600
that we're continuing to fish
these magnificent animals.

00:26:36.600 --> 00:26:39.530
And in 10 years, there
just won't be any left,

00:26:39.530 --> 00:26:42.380
because we're right
down to the last 10%

00:26:42.380 --> 00:26:44.880
of these particular species.

00:26:47.879 --> 00:26:50.873
[NON-ENGLISH YELLING]

00:26:55.864 --> 00:26:59.357
[WHEELS ROLLING]

00:27:03.350 --> 00:27:09.110
The crisis is real,
and it's upon us.

00:27:09.110 --> 00:27:14.310
The Chinese symbol for crisis
is made up of two parts, danger

00:27:14.310 --> 00:27:16.580
and opportunity.

00:27:16.580 --> 00:27:20.570
The opportunity comes from
recognizing that we cannot

00:27:20.570 --> 00:27:24.980
continue along the same
path that got us here.

00:27:24.980 --> 00:27:29.150
We have to reflect on how we
arrived at this moment, search

00:27:29.150 --> 00:27:32.150
for the root causes
of the problems,

00:27:32.150 --> 00:27:35.940
so that we can find ways to
avoid danger and discover

00:27:35.940 --> 00:27:38.550
new solutions that
are truly sustainable.

00:27:38.550 --> 00:27:41.550
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:27:44.670 --> 00:27:50.010
We moved to Leamington in 1946.

00:27:50.010 --> 00:27:54.180
And when I got to Leamington,
the boast of that town

00:27:54.180 --> 00:28:00.450
was no colored person had stayed
in Leamington beyond sunset.

00:28:00.450 --> 00:28:03.330
We were the first colored
family to move into Leamington.

00:28:03.330 --> 00:28:05.900
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:28:10.390 --> 00:28:13.620
I would never dare
ask a white girl out.

00:28:13.620 --> 00:28:17.260
But of course, as
I got older, my dad

00:28:17.260 --> 00:28:19.390
realized that I was
thinking about girls a lot,

00:28:19.390 --> 00:28:22.140
and he said, Listen, the
only acceptable mate for you

00:28:22.140 --> 00:28:23.480
is Japanese girl.

00:28:23.480 --> 00:28:26.869
Don't know what to do.

00:28:26.869 --> 00:28:28.660
And of course, I was
going through puberty,

00:28:28.660 --> 00:28:30.805
and I was walking around
horny all the time.

00:28:30.805 --> 00:28:34.570
But I was terrified to
ask a white girl out.

00:28:34.570 --> 00:28:36.770
There weren't any Asian
girls around to ask out.

00:28:36.770 --> 00:28:38.900
So what do you do
when you're walking

00:28:38.900 --> 00:28:43.150
around wishing that you were
out with some girl, and no one

00:28:43.150 --> 00:28:43.660
to ask?

00:28:43.660 --> 00:28:45.780
Well, you go to a swamp.

00:28:45.780 --> 00:28:48.760
And a swamp, I'm telling
you, the minute you walk in,

00:28:48.760 --> 00:28:51.600
and I would just walk in with
my running shoes and pants,

00:28:51.600 --> 00:28:56.360
right into the swamp, have a dip
net, a little bottle, and just

00:28:56.360 --> 00:29:00.160
there are so many
magical things to find.

00:29:00.160 --> 00:29:03.460
I remember when I found my
first salamander string of eggs,

00:29:03.460 --> 00:29:06.120
man, you would have thought I'd
won a Nobel Prize or something.

00:29:06.120 --> 00:29:07.630
It was the greatest thing.

00:29:07.630 --> 00:29:13.160
And I'd come home all
covered in mud, soaking wet.

00:29:13.160 --> 00:29:16.900
And I'd be holding up
my little treasures.

00:29:16.900 --> 00:29:20.780
It was such an important
part of my life,

00:29:20.780 --> 00:29:25.760
to find a treasure that my mom
and dad would enjoy, as well.

00:29:25.760 --> 00:29:28.200
I'm ever grateful
to them for that.

00:29:28.200 --> 00:29:31.446
My mom would just take my
dirty clothes and wash them.

00:29:31.446 --> 00:29:33.756
And that was it.

00:29:33.756 --> 00:29:37.376
So I think a swamp is a
very, very magical place.

00:29:42.830 --> 00:29:44.910
I always felt the
swamp saved my life.

00:29:49.360 --> 00:29:53.380
And yet, you go back today,
and what was my magical place

00:29:53.380 --> 00:29:57.730
is now a huge parking lot
and a shopping center.

00:29:57.730 --> 00:29:59.680
There's just no
trace of it left.

00:29:59.680 --> 00:30:02.344
[RUNNING WATER AND CREATURES
SOUNDING]

00:30:04.560 --> 00:30:08.060
Can we marshal the
vision and the energy

00:30:08.060 --> 00:30:11.780
to change direction
and follow a new path?

00:30:11.780 --> 00:30:16.870
We have, in the past, and
now, we have no choice.

00:30:16.870 --> 00:30:20.080
I was witness to a
remarkable response to crisis

00:30:20.080 --> 00:30:24.380
back in the 1950s, when I was
just beginning my senior year

00:30:24.380 --> 00:30:26.380
at Amherst College.

00:30:26.380 --> 00:30:32.870
On October 4th, 1957, the Soviet
Union electrified the world

00:30:32.870 --> 00:30:35.990
by announcing they
had launched Sputnik,

00:30:35.990 --> 00:30:40.290
a basketball-sized
satellite, into space.

00:30:40.290 --> 00:30:45.370
The Cold War between the two
superpowers was in full force.

00:30:45.370 --> 00:30:50.020
And as Sputnik's electronic
beep taunted the West,

00:30:50.020 --> 00:30:53.420
the United States tried to
send its own grapefruit-sized

00:30:53.420 --> 00:30:58.090
satellite into space and
failed miserably every time,

00:30:58.090 --> 00:31:00.900
as their rockets blew
up on the launch pad

00:31:00.900 --> 00:31:05.070
or took off and shortly
blew up in the air.

00:31:05.070 --> 00:31:07.540
So the US was
struggling to catch up.

00:31:07.540 --> 00:31:10.500
Meanwhile, the Soviets
announced one space first

00:31:10.500 --> 00:31:13.050
after another-- the
first animal in space,

00:31:13.050 --> 00:31:17.240
a dog, Laika; the first
man in space, Yuri Gagarin;

00:31:17.240 --> 00:31:20.395
the first team of cosmonauts;
the first woman, Valentina

00:31:20.395 --> 00:31:22.870
Tereshkova.

00:31:22.870 --> 00:31:28.220
The US began a massive effort,
pouring billions of dollars

00:31:28.220 --> 00:31:32.010
into government research
labs, into universities,

00:31:32.010 --> 00:31:34.753
and students, even
foreigners, like me.

00:31:34.753 --> 00:31:37.108
[MUSIC - JERRY ENGLER AND FOUR
EKKOS, "SPUTNIK"]

00:31:56.360 --> 00:31:58.940
That's the place where I
spent a year of my life

00:31:58.940 --> 00:32:02.480
in one of the most incredible
research facilities, I think,

00:32:02.480 --> 00:32:03.740
in the world.

00:32:03.740 --> 00:32:07.200
So that was the
biology division.

00:32:07.200 --> 00:32:12.680
And we were there seven
days a week, day and night.

00:32:12.680 --> 00:32:18.450
It was, I think, one of the
most exciting periods of my life

00:32:18.450 --> 00:32:19.812
in scientific research.

00:32:22.470 --> 00:32:24.263
It's the red building,
right over there.

00:32:24.263 --> 00:32:27.161
[MUSIC - JERRY ENGLER AND FOUR
EKKOS, "SPUTNIK"]

00:32:33.960 --> 00:32:36.040
Science was a very
exciting activity,

00:32:36.040 --> 00:32:40.210
because America was
pouring billions of dollars

00:32:40.210 --> 00:32:41.990
into establishing
government labs,

00:32:41.990 --> 00:32:44.870
supporting research,
supporting students.

00:32:44.870 --> 00:32:47.840
And our professors were caught
up in that whole exuberance.

00:32:47.840 --> 00:32:51.920
Science is the most
powerful way of knowing.

00:32:51.920 --> 00:32:55.000
Through science, we push back
the curtains of ignorance

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:58.310
and reveal the deepest
secrets of nature.

00:32:58.310 --> 00:33:02.600
And implicit in that was
that through science,

00:33:02.600 --> 00:33:04.810
as we acquire more
knowledge, life

00:33:04.810 --> 00:33:06.998
would get better and
better for people.

00:33:14.028 --> 00:33:15.880
Mm-huh.

00:33:15.880 --> 00:33:17.540
It's one of the
ironies, of course,

00:33:17.540 --> 00:33:21.120
that this is a part of
the Manhattan Project,

00:33:21.120 --> 00:33:25.160
that the uranium purified here
had been used to create bombs

00:33:25.160 --> 00:33:26.793
that were dropped on Japan.

00:33:26.793 --> 00:33:29.571
[GONG]

00:33:31.890 --> 00:33:37.550
Here, Oak Ridge was the
creation of a government project

00:33:37.550 --> 00:33:40.900
to make a very
destructive weapon

00:33:40.900 --> 00:33:48.490
and was actually dropped on the
land of my genes from Japan.

00:33:48.490 --> 00:33:52.720
And yet, out of that, came
this is very, very productive

00:33:52.720 --> 00:33:55.980
research institution
that I'm very

00:33:55.980 --> 00:34:00.391
proud to have been a part of
and that created me, I believe,

00:34:00.391 --> 00:34:01.015
as a scientist.

00:34:03.900 --> 00:34:07.400
This is the old hood.

00:34:07.400 --> 00:34:10.659
When I came, we had a
place, moved right in.

00:34:10.659 --> 00:34:14.980
I had a young baby, and we
were, bang, right in it.

00:34:14.980 --> 00:34:18.010
Indeed, I suspect it was
fully furnished, because I

00:34:18.010 --> 00:34:19.780
didn't bring any furniture.

00:34:19.780 --> 00:34:21.238
I had just come
out of grad school.

00:34:25.327 --> 00:34:28.500
Or it could have
been one like that.

00:34:28.500 --> 00:34:29.477
I just don't remember.

00:34:32.219 --> 00:34:36.760
Joanne was with two young kids,
and I was in the lab 7 days

00:34:36.760 --> 00:34:37.780
a week.

00:34:37.780 --> 00:34:39.699
And that must have
been very, very tough.

00:34:42.500 --> 00:34:47.650
I just have no memory of moving
in, setting up household,

00:34:47.650 --> 00:34:49.900
shopping, cooking.

00:34:49.900 --> 00:34:52.907
I mean, none of
that was what I did.

00:34:57.720 --> 00:35:00.310
I think that has to be
the house, right there.

00:35:07.446 --> 00:35:10.338
[MUSIC - "I SHALL NOT BE MOVED"]

00:35:43.150 --> 00:35:44.103
Hello, hello.

00:35:44.103 --> 00:35:49.586
And there he is, came and
brought this cold wind.

00:35:49.586 --> 00:35:51.530
Yeah.

00:35:51.530 --> 00:35:53.370
You arranged it all for me.

00:35:53.370 --> 00:35:53.870
Ha ha ha.

00:35:53.870 --> 00:35:55.370
So good to see you.

00:35:55.370 --> 00:35:55.870
How are you?

00:35:55.870 --> 00:35:56.870
I'm just fine.

00:35:56.870 --> 00:35:57.846
God bless you.

00:35:57.846 --> 00:36:00.286
Bless you, baby.

00:36:00.286 --> 00:36:01.774
It's so good to see you.

00:36:01.774 --> 00:36:05.260
[INAUDIBLE], God bless you.

00:36:05.260 --> 00:36:05.848
Come, Ruby.

00:36:05.848 --> 00:36:07.480
We'll get something to eat.

00:36:07.480 --> 00:36:08.920
Well, OK.

00:36:08.920 --> 00:36:09.710
Thank you.

00:36:09.710 --> 00:36:13.035
My closest lab mate
was Ruby Wilkerson,

00:36:13.035 --> 00:36:16.240
who was a lab tech doing
a lot of the fly work.

00:36:16.240 --> 00:36:19.220
And we would sit there for
hours, talking and pushing

00:36:19.220 --> 00:36:19.970
fruit flies.

00:36:19.970 --> 00:36:22.790
And we became very,
very good friends.

00:36:22.790 --> 00:36:23.290
Really?

00:36:23.290 --> 00:36:24.430
Yes.

00:36:24.430 --> 00:36:27.913
So what did you think when
Barack Obama got elected?

00:36:27.913 --> 00:36:28.413
Oh.

00:36:28.413 --> 00:36:29.826
Did you believe it?

00:36:29.826 --> 00:36:32.260
[? Jarlamene ?]
called me that night.

00:36:32.260 --> 00:36:33.240
He did?

00:36:33.240 --> 00:36:35.740
He's the only one
that called me.

00:36:35.740 --> 00:36:40.350
And some of the others, you
know, they didn't like him.

00:36:40.350 --> 00:36:41.930
And so they didn't say--

00:36:41.930 --> 00:36:42.690
What others?

00:36:42.690 --> 00:36:44.830
[INAUDIBLE]

00:36:44.830 --> 00:36:45.920
Really?

00:36:45.920 --> 00:36:47.470
And some of the white folk.

00:36:47.470 --> 00:36:48.180
The white people.

00:36:48.180 --> 00:36:48.680
Yeah.

00:36:48.680 --> 00:36:49.554
They didn't like him?

00:36:49.554 --> 00:36:50.610
No, no.

00:36:50.610 --> 00:36:57.210
And they won't say anything to
me about it either, not at all.

00:36:57.210 --> 00:36:59.410
The fact that someone
like Ruby would not

00:36:59.410 --> 00:37:02.400
be allowed to go to
restaurants or go

00:37:02.400 --> 00:37:08.060
to church or any of these other
things because she was colored

00:37:08.060 --> 00:37:10.880
really grated on me.

00:37:10.880 --> 00:37:14.870
And I got to a point where every
time I saw a whites-only sign,

00:37:14.870 --> 00:37:15.720
I would throw up.

00:37:15.720 --> 00:37:17.840
I'd get physically ill.

00:37:17.840 --> 00:37:20.690
And my wife said to me,
you've got to get out of here.

00:37:20.690 --> 00:37:23.940
You can't-- you're
getting too angry.

00:37:23.940 --> 00:37:27.400
And in many ways,
I became a racist.

00:37:27.400 --> 00:37:33.980
I was so angry at white people,
that I just couldn't stand it.

00:37:33.980 --> 00:37:35.463
And so I had to leave.

00:37:35.463 --> 00:37:36.882
Now Jean died, right?

00:37:36.882 --> 00:37:38.780
Yes, yes.

00:37:38.780 --> 00:37:40.270
Has Dan remarried?

00:37:40.270 --> 00:37:41.770
No, no.

00:37:41.770 --> 00:37:43.270
He didn't say anything about it.

00:37:43.270 --> 00:37:44.490
I guess he hasn't.

00:37:44.490 --> 00:37:46.570
What about the Grells?

00:37:46.570 --> 00:37:48.691
Yeah, you know,
Rhoda passed away.

00:37:48.691 --> 00:37:49.190
She did?

00:37:49.190 --> 00:37:50.030
I didn't know that.

00:37:50.030 --> 00:37:50.530
Yeah.

00:37:50.530 --> 00:37:53.576
She passed away.

00:37:53.576 --> 00:37:56.541
Yes, a lot of them have
gone on [INAUDIBLE].

00:37:56.541 --> 00:37:58.573
We're blessed.

00:37:58.573 --> 00:38:02.526
And I just had to tell you
right here, we're blessed.

00:38:02.526 --> 00:38:05.484
[MUSIC - "I SHALL NOT BE MOVED"]

00:38:10.920 --> 00:38:15.120
So now, the challenge
is to get things right.

00:38:15.120 --> 00:38:19.670
First, we have to recognize
that our world is shaped

00:38:19.670 --> 00:38:24.390
by such factors as
gravity, entropy,

00:38:24.390 --> 00:38:26.700
the speed of light, the
first and second laws

00:38:26.700 --> 00:38:28.380
of thermodynamics.

00:38:28.380 --> 00:38:33.090
Those are forces of nature,
and they impose limitations

00:38:33.090 --> 00:38:35.180
on the way that we can live.

00:38:35.180 --> 00:38:38.730
Another is the biosphere,
the zone of air,

00:38:38.730 --> 00:38:41.230
water, and land that
is the source of all we

00:38:41.230 --> 00:38:43.760
need to survive and flourish.

00:38:43.760 --> 00:38:49.340
So protecting its health has
to be our highest priority.

00:38:49.340 --> 00:38:54.930
Other things, like capitalism,
free enterprise, the economy,

00:38:54.930 --> 00:38:58.970
currency, the market, those
are not forces of nature.

00:38:58.970 --> 00:39:00.880
We invented them.

00:39:00.880 --> 00:39:04.670
If they're not working, then
we've got to change them.

00:39:04.670 --> 00:39:08.020
And yet, we act as if they
are somehow immutable,

00:39:08.020 --> 00:39:11.000
and we've got to bow down and
do everything to service them.

00:39:11.000 --> 00:39:12.040
It's really weird.

00:39:12.040 --> 00:39:16.660
A few centuries ago, people
believed in dragons and demons

00:39:16.660 --> 00:39:17.320
and monsters.

00:39:17.320 --> 00:39:19.070
We really believed in them.

00:39:19.070 --> 00:39:21.090
And if we thought they
were pissed off at us,

00:39:21.090 --> 00:39:24.420
man, we would do everything,
give them jewels and gold

00:39:24.420 --> 00:39:25.810
and sacrifice virgins.

00:39:25.810 --> 00:39:28.170
We'd do anything to
appease those things.

00:39:28.170 --> 00:39:30.240
Well, today, we know
they're not real.

00:39:30.240 --> 00:39:32.261
They were figments
of our imagination.

00:39:32.261 --> 00:39:33.010
But what do we do?

00:39:33.010 --> 00:39:35.420
We go and replace them
with another figment

00:39:35.420 --> 00:39:37.830
of our imagination
called the economy.

00:39:37.830 --> 00:39:39.690
And now, we bow
down before them,

00:39:39.690 --> 00:39:42.220
the way we did before
dragons and demons.

00:39:42.220 --> 00:39:44.700
I mean, just read
the financial pages.

00:39:44.700 --> 00:39:47.100
Oh, the economy is not
feeling too good today.

00:39:47.100 --> 00:39:48.010
[AUDIENCE CHUCKLES]

00:39:48.010 --> 00:39:49.960
And boy, do we start
jumping around.

00:39:49.960 --> 00:39:54.090
But that's why business
people and politicians tell me

00:39:54.090 --> 00:39:57.130
that I have to be realistic.

00:39:57.130 --> 00:39:59.658
The economy is the bottom line.

00:39:59.658 --> 00:40:02.593
[MUSIC - DAVE BRUBECK, "TAKE
FIVE"]

00:40:29.730 --> 00:40:31.145
A job offer came up at UBC.

00:40:33.860 --> 00:40:36.510
When I got the job,
I called my father.

00:40:36.510 --> 00:40:38.852
And immediately, the
first words were,

00:40:38.852 --> 00:40:40.060
why are you going back there?

00:40:40.060 --> 00:40:41.226
They kicked us out of there.

00:40:43.980 --> 00:40:47.980
So even though Dad didn't
talk much about our evacuation

00:40:47.980 --> 00:40:52.740
and incarceration,
20 years later,

00:40:52.740 --> 00:40:55.050
the first thing that
came out of his mouth,

00:40:55.050 --> 00:40:57.310
they kicked us out of there.

00:40:57.310 --> 00:40:58.310
Look at that.

00:40:58.310 --> 00:40:59.310
Really fantastic.

00:41:04.480 --> 00:41:10.440
Coming back here, oh, I
mean, touching these trays

00:41:10.440 --> 00:41:12.880
and looking at the
labels on this,

00:41:12.880 --> 00:41:15.070
it's such an evocative
thing, because I

00:41:15.070 --> 00:41:19.493
spent 35 years of my life
in labs pushing flies.

00:41:28.460 --> 00:41:33.350
The beauty of a fly, some
totally unprepossessing

00:41:33.350 --> 00:41:35.640
organism, like who the hell
would ever think there's

00:41:35.640 --> 00:41:37.580
beauty in fly?

00:41:37.580 --> 00:41:42.608
Yeah, I thought we might be able
to see a pair mating somewhere.

00:41:42.608 --> 00:41:45.100
[FLY BUZZING]

00:41:45.100 --> 00:41:49.290
I wanted to find if I could pick
apart the genes that control

00:41:49.290 --> 00:41:51.700
the process of cell division.

00:41:51.700 --> 00:41:57.770
So I set off on a chase that my
colleagues said, you're nuts.

00:41:57.770 --> 00:41:59.056
You'll never get them.

00:41:59.056 --> 00:42:01.780
And with a group of
students, we began

00:42:01.780 --> 00:42:04.840
to scream for temperature
sensitive mutations.

00:42:04.840 --> 00:42:08.160
And they began to
follow by the bushel

00:42:08.160 --> 00:42:09.590
as soon as we started looking.

00:42:09.590 --> 00:42:12.590
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:42:25.370 --> 00:42:26.090
I was young.

00:42:26.090 --> 00:42:29.610
I was very, very ambitious,
not ambitious in the sense

00:42:29.610 --> 00:42:31.970
of winning prizes
or any of that.

00:42:31.970 --> 00:42:34.620
I wanted to publish
the beautiful paper.

00:42:34.620 --> 00:42:37.530
I wanted to publish the paper
that people would read and go,

00:42:37.530 --> 00:42:40.193
wow, that is an
exquisite experiment.

00:42:45.780 --> 00:42:48.510
All through my early
years as a professor,

00:42:48.510 --> 00:42:53.657
the children were still a
priority for me for the time

00:42:53.657 --> 00:42:54.490
that I had for them.

00:43:00.860 --> 00:43:02.520
And I think that
was the problem,

00:43:02.520 --> 00:43:07.070
was that Joanna had spent
all that time putting me

00:43:07.070 --> 00:43:08.760
through school.

00:43:08.760 --> 00:43:10.470
And now, we had a family.

00:43:10.470 --> 00:43:12.930
And she had every
right to expect that I

00:43:12.930 --> 00:43:16.240
would spend more time at home.

00:43:16.240 --> 00:43:19.830
And for me, the blindness
was that, in my ambition

00:43:19.830 --> 00:43:21.800
and in the exuberance
of the lab,

00:43:21.800 --> 00:43:26.900
I couldn't see taking that
time, any more time, for her.

00:43:26.900 --> 00:43:30.010
She basically wanted to
get on with her own life.

00:43:30.010 --> 00:43:33.620
And fortunately, she
was strong enough

00:43:33.620 --> 00:43:35.646
to be able to do
that without me.

00:43:39.340 --> 00:43:43.140
Our home, the biosphere,
is finite and fixed.

00:43:43.140 --> 00:43:44.730
It can't grow.

00:43:44.730 --> 00:43:49.170
And if the economy is a part
of and utterly dependent

00:43:49.170 --> 00:43:53.410
on the biosphere, the attempt
to maintain endless growth

00:43:53.410 --> 00:43:55.300
is an impossibility.

00:43:55.300 --> 00:43:57.800
Let me show you why.

00:43:57.800 --> 00:44:00.260
Steady growth over
time, whether it's

00:44:00.260 --> 00:44:02.910
the amount of garbage you
make, the size of your city,

00:44:02.910 --> 00:44:05.710
the population of the
world, anything growing

00:44:05.710 --> 00:44:08.580
steadily is called
exponential growth.

00:44:08.580 --> 00:44:11.230
And anything growing
exponentially

00:44:11.230 --> 00:44:13.990
has a predictable doubling time.

00:44:13.990 --> 00:44:17.350
I am going to give you a
system analogous to the planet.

00:44:17.350 --> 00:44:20.940
It's a test tube full
of food for bacteria.

00:44:20.940 --> 00:44:23.400
So the test tube and
food is the planet,

00:44:23.400 --> 00:44:25.770
and the bacteria are us.

00:44:25.770 --> 00:44:28.980
I'm going to add one bacterial
cell to the test tube,

00:44:28.980 --> 00:44:32.260
and it's going to begin
to divide every minute.

00:44:32.260 --> 00:44:33.980
That's exponential growth.

00:44:33.980 --> 00:44:36.350
So at the beginning,
there is one cell.

00:44:36.350 --> 00:44:37.460
One minute, there are two.

00:44:37.460 --> 00:44:38.679
Two minutes, there are four.

00:44:38.679 --> 00:44:39.970
Three minutes, there are eight.

00:44:39.970 --> 00:44:41.620
That's exponential growth.

00:44:41.620 --> 00:44:45.410
And at 60 minutes, the test
tube is completely packed

00:44:45.410 --> 00:44:48.390
with bacteria, and
there's no food left.

00:44:48.390 --> 00:44:50.280
So we have a 60-minute
growth cycle.

00:44:50.280 --> 00:44:52.700
When is the test tube half full?

00:44:52.700 --> 00:44:55.420
And of course, the
answer is at 59 minutes.

00:44:55.420 --> 00:44:57.240
59 minutes, it's only half full.

00:44:57.240 --> 00:44:59.960
But one minute later,
it's completely full.

00:44:59.960 --> 00:45:03.530
So at 58 minutes, it's 25% full.

00:45:03.530 --> 00:45:06.810
57 minutes, it's
12 and 1/2% full.

00:45:06.810 --> 00:45:12.490
At 55 minutes of a 60-minute
cycle, it's 3% full.

00:45:12.490 --> 00:45:15.410
So let's suppose at 55
minutes, one of the bacteria

00:45:15.410 --> 00:45:16.960
says, hey, guys,
I've been thinking.

00:45:16.960 --> 00:45:19.370
We've got a population problem.

00:45:19.370 --> 00:45:21.280
The other bacteria
would say, Jack,

00:45:21.280 --> 00:45:23.090
what the hell have
you been smoking?

00:45:23.090 --> 00:45:25.300
97% of the test tube's
empty, and we've

00:45:25.300 --> 00:45:26.820
been around for 55 minutes.

00:45:26.820 --> 00:45:28.170
[AUDIENCE CHUCKLES]

00:45:28.170 --> 00:45:30.290
They'd be five minutes
away from filling it.

00:45:30.290 --> 00:45:32.160
So bacteria are no
smarter than people.

00:45:32.160 --> 00:45:34.920
At 59 minutes, they go,
oh my god, Jack is right.

00:45:34.920 --> 00:45:36.240
We've got one minute left.

00:45:36.240 --> 00:45:37.510
What are we going to do now?

00:45:37.510 --> 00:45:39.760
Well, we'd better give that
money to those scientists.

00:45:39.760 --> 00:45:41.310
Maybe they can pull
us out of this.

00:45:41.310 --> 00:45:45.140
But the world, for the bacteria,
is that test tube and food.

00:45:45.140 --> 00:45:48.210
How can they possibly add
any more food or space

00:45:48.210 --> 00:45:48.960
to that world?

00:45:48.960 --> 00:45:49.920
They can't.

00:45:49.920 --> 00:45:52.400
They can no more
add food or space,

00:45:52.400 --> 00:45:56.930
than we can add air, water,
soil, or biodiversity

00:45:56.930 --> 00:45:59.380
to the biosphere.

00:45:59.380 --> 00:46:04.640
This is not speculation
or hypothesis.

00:46:04.640 --> 00:46:08.230
It is mathematical certainty.

00:46:08.230 --> 00:46:12.390
And every scientist I have
talked to agrees with me.

00:46:12.390 --> 00:46:17.610
We're already past
the 59th minute.

00:46:17.610 --> 00:46:20.820
So all the demand
for relentless growth

00:46:20.820 --> 00:46:26.300
is a call to accelerate down
what is a suicidal path.

00:46:26.300 --> 00:46:28.990
And by focusing
on growth, growth,

00:46:28.990 --> 00:46:32.220
we fail to ask the
important questions,

00:46:32.220 --> 00:46:35.470
like how much is enough?

00:46:35.470 --> 00:46:38.350
Are there no limits?

00:46:38.350 --> 00:46:41.700
Are we happier with
all this stuff?

00:46:41.700 --> 00:46:43.340
What is an economy for?

00:46:43.340 --> 00:46:44.840
We never ask those questions.

00:46:44.840 --> 00:46:47.840
[MUSIC - THE YOUNGBLOODS, "GET
TOGETHER"]

00:47:07.330 --> 00:47:11.320
In a way, we lost a lot
of innocence at that time.

00:47:11.320 --> 00:47:14.560
But I think there was a
serious questioning of what

00:47:14.560 --> 00:47:17.600
kind of values was this
society promulgating,

00:47:17.600 --> 00:47:20.770
and we didn't like it.

00:47:20.770 --> 00:47:24.080
See, one thing that I've
gotten off on lately

00:47:24.080 --> 00:47:27.320
is that basically, I
studied fruit flies,

00:47:27.320 --> 00:47:29.500
and I suddenly realized
that basically, we're

00:47:29.500 --> 00:47:31.310
all fruit flies.

00:47:31.310 --> 00:47:33.308
Like, you hatch out as a maggot.

00:47:33.308 --> 00:47:35.950
And a maggot can
now crawl around.

00:47:35.950 --> 00:47:40.720
It's got two dimensions, and
it can ingest food at its will.

00:47:40.720 --> 00:47:43.300
And it defecates all
over the environment.

00:47:43.300 --> 00:47:46.235
And some other smaller maggots
can even eat your defecation

00:47:46.235 --> 00:47:48.386
and get some
nourishment out of it.

00:47:48.386 --> 00:47:50.010
And the bigger you
get, the more people

00:47:50.010 --> 00:47:52.832
you can-- or more maggots you
can crush with your weight.

00:47:52.832 --> 00:47:54.600
The world overrun with them.

00:47:54.600 --> 00:47:56.710
Yeah, I mean, most
people in the world

00:47:56.710 --> 00:47:59.910
are content to stay as first-
or second-level maggots.

00:47:59.910 --> 00:48:01.740
And they establish
their own little area,

00:48:01.740 --> 00:48:03.190
and they crawl around there.

00:48:03.190 --> 00:48:04.900
And that's fine.

00:48:04.900 --> 00:48:07.560
And the guys that become
tenth level maggots

00:48:07.560 --> 00:48:08.770
are really big wheels.

00:48:08.770 --> 00:48:11.770
[MUSIC - THE YOUNGBLOODS, "GET
TOGETHER"]

00:48:25.640 --> 00:48:28.350
I knew it would be
a great adventure,

00:48:28.350 --> 00:48:30.410
because he was full of passion.

00:48:30.410 --> 00:48:33.630
And he believed in so
many principles that

00:48:33.630 --> 00:48:35.480
would involve fighting battles.

00:48:35.480 --> 00:48:37.050
And that's what I like to do.

00:48:37.050 --> 00:48:39.590
I like to, if I see a
problem, I like to figure out

00:48:39.590 --> 00:48:42.970
how to put it right.

00:48:42.970 --> 00:48:46.680
When I was thinking of the
prospect of marrying David,

00:48:46.680 --> 00:48:50.440
I thought it would be like
riding a roller coaster.

00:48:50.440 --> 00:48:54.560
But that if I could hang
on, it would be worth it.

00:48:54.560 --> 00:48:57.430
And I just wasn't sure if
I'd be able to hang on.

00:48:57.430 --> 00:48:58.930
I hung on.

00:48:58.930 --> 00:49:00.550
37 years later, I hung on.

00:49:03.380 --> 00:49:06.160
One of the best students I
ever had as an undergraduate

00:49:06.160 --> 00:49:11.440
invited me to give a lecture at
the dorm where he was staying.

00:49:11.440 --> 00:49:13.950
I was talking about the
misapplication of genetics.

00:49:13.950 --> 00:49:15.560
He said, well,
you're a geneticist.

00:49:15.560 --> 00:49:17.010
How can you carry
on with the work

00:49:17.010 --> 00:49:20.750
you're doing when you
see all of these bad ways

00:49:20.750 --> 00:49:21.920
that science has been used?

00:49:21.920 --> 00:49:24.790
And I said, yeah, but I mean,
I'm only studying fruit flies.

00:49:24.790 --> 00:49:28.440
And I'm interested in basic
research, not applications.

00:49:28.440 --> 00:49:30.270
And he said, look,
that's too easy.

00:49:30.270 --> 00:49:34.660
He said, science, you have to
regard science as a big lake.

00:49:34.660 --> 00:49:36.530
And scientists put
their information in

00:49:36.530 --> 00:49:39.190
and raise the level of the lake.

00:49:39.190 --> 00:49:42.350
But as you add information, it
mixes up with everything else.

00:49:42.350 --> 00:49:45.980
And somebody may draw
out an idea over here

00:49:45.980 --> 00:49:48.410
and apply it, and misapply it.

00:49:48.410 --> 00:49:50.460
But you can't say that
that's not somehow

00:49:50.460 --> 00:49:52.830
connected to the work
that you've contributed,

00:49:52.830 --> 00:49:56.280
because you've contributed
to a body of knowledge.

00:49:56.280 --> 00:49:59.590
And you draw out of
that body of knowledge.

00:49:59.590 --> 00:50:01.490
I've gone through a
number of transitions

00:50:01.490 --> 00:50:06.970
in terms of the thinking of how
I can reconcile doing science

00:50:06.970 --> 00:50:09.640
with the really tremendous
social crises that

00:50:09.640 --> 00:50:11.440
are hitting us now.

00:50:11.440 --> 00:50:15.730
And I've been radicalized
to the extent of wanting

00:50:15.730 --> 00:50:18.010
to call a halt to everything.

00:50:18.010 --> 00:50:21.190
I've gotten to a point of
almost complete paralysis,

00:50:21.190 --> 00:50:25.660
because I didn't feel that
there was any good coming

00:50:25.660 --> 00:50:26.295
out of science.

00:50:26.295 --> 00:50:28.930
And therefore, I should get
out of science altogether.

00:50:28.930 --> 00:50:30.680
[MUSIC - THE YOUNGBLOODS, "GET
TOGETHER"]

00:50:33.900 --> 00:50:36.500
In order to see
the way forward, we

00:50:36.500 --> 00:50:41.740
have to understand how we
got to this turbulent moment.

00:50:41.740 --> 00:50:47.760
We appeared on Earth about
150,000 years ago in Africa,

00:50:47.760 --> 00:50:49.690
when there were
still woolly mammoths

00:50:49.690 --> 00:50:54.030
in the world, saber toothed
tigers, giant sloths.

00:50:54.030 --> 00:50:56.900
We arose at a time when
the savannas of Africa

00:50:56.900 --> 00:51:00.850
were filled with animals
in numbers and variety

00:51:00.850 --> 00:51:04.490
beyond anything we know today.

00:51:04.490 --> 00:51:08.740
There was little in the early
appearance of those humans

00:51:08.740 --> 00:51:12.580
to suggest the explosive
change we would undergo

00:51:12.580 --> 00:51:16.270
as we left our African
birthplace to populate

00:51:16.270 --> 00:51:20.960
every part of the planet
in only 150 millennia.

00:51:20.960 --> 00:51:23.550
Of course, the
secret of our success

00:51:23.550 --> 00:51:27.080
was that two-kilogram organ
buried deep in our skulls.

00:51:27.080 --> 00:51:29.490
It was the human brain.

00:51:29.490 --> 00:51:32.530
It conferred a massive memory.

00:51:32.530 --> 00:51:37.380
No other animal has the memory
capacity of the human brain.

00:51:37.380 --> 00:51:41.730
It conferred insatiable
curiosity and very impressive

00:51:41.730 --> 00:51:45.610
creativity, qualities
that more than compensated

00:51:45.610 --> 00:51:49.800
for our lack of physical
and sensory abilities.

00:51:49.800 --> 00:51:54.190
And that brain became
aware of itself.

00:51:54.190 --> 00:51:59.190
It was conscious of our
presence in space and time.

00:51:59.190 --> 00:52:03.630
That brain was capable of
imagination and dreams.

00:52:03.630 --> 00:52:07.120
And drawing in our
experience and our knowledge,

00:52:07.120 --> 00:52:10.040
we dreamed of our
place in the world

00:52:10.040 --> 00:52:14.610
and imagined the
future into being.

00:52:14.610 --> 00:52:19.610
Foresight gave us a leg up,
gave us a huge advantage.

00:52:19.610 --> 00:52:21.920
And foresight, I
believe, brought us

00:52:21.920 --> 00:52:24.650
to this position
of dominance today.

00:52:24.650 --> 00:52:29.000
And now, foresight, that
great evolutionary strategy

00:52:29.000 --> 00:52:31.830
that has been such a
critical part of our success

00:52:31.830 --> 00:52:36.160
as a species, is warning
us that we are undermining

00:52:36.160 --> 00:52:39.920
the very life support
systems that have enabled us

00:52:39.920 --> 00:52:42.725
and the rest of life to
flourish and survive.

00:52:42.725 --> 00:52:45.640
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:52:49.505 --> 00:52:53.420
I always felt that television
was one fantastic medium

00:52:53.420 --> 00:52:56.830
whereby the area of
science could be explained

00:52:56.830 --> 00:53:00.090
to the public on a very
large scale saying,

00:53:00.090 --> 00:53:02.710
look, what we're doing can
be understood by anybody.

00:53:02.710 --> 00:53:03.980
And it's very important.

00:53:03.980 --> 00:53:06.300
You've got to
understand what advances

00:53:06.300 --> 00:53:09.190
are being made in science, the
kinds of things that are going

00:53:09.190 --> 00:53:10.830
to affect your daily life.

00:53:10.830 --> 00:53:13.600
Science, in fact, is
just too important

00:53:13.600 --> 00:53:16.300
to be left in the hands of
scientists or industrialists

00:53:16.300 --> 00:53:18.650
or politicians.

00:53:18.650 --> 00:53:21.350
I think one thing
that has already

00:53:21.350 --> 00:53:23.380
being conceived
of by the military

00:53:23.380 --> 00:53:26.520
are weapons that
involve, say, viruses

00:53:26.520 --> 00:53:31.340
that are really immune to
any kind of defense mechanism

00:53:31.340 --> 00:53:34.170
we have at the present time.

00:53:34.170 --> 00:53:38.730
And the really scarifying kind
of idea that's been postulated

00:53:38.730 --> 00:53:42.240
is to develop biological
weapons that could selectively

00:53:42.240 --> 00:53:47.040
kill one racial group
or one genetic type.

00:53:47.040 --> 00:53:48.910
We already have the
kind of information

00:53:48.910 --> 00:53:50.854
you need to develop them.

00:53:50.854 --> 00:53:53.510
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:53:55.270 --> 00:53:58.770
As I achieved some success
in science and certainly,

00:53:58.770 --> 00:54:02.227
notoriety in the media, I
had a television program,

00:54:02.227 --> 00:54:03.810
starting at the
University of Alberta,

00:54:03.810 --> 00:54:08.000
and then began to do television
and radio stints in Vancouver.

00:54:08.000 --> 00:54:12.190
My father was
embarrassingly proud of me.

00:54:12.190 --> 00:54:16.400
I think that, in many
ways, I represented to him

00:54:16.400 --> 00:54:19.810
proof that we were worthwhile,
that we didn't deserve to be

00:54:19.810 --> 00:54:21.382
treated the way that we had.

00:54:21.382 --> 00:54:22.590
And it was very embarrassing.

00:54:22.590 --> 00:54:24.640
He drove a Volkswagen van.

00:54:24.640 --> 00:54:27.090
And he'd pick people
up in the van.

00:54:27.090 --> 00:54:30.220
And within a nanosecond,
he would be boasting

00:54:30.220 --> 00:54:33.070
that he was David Suzuki's dad.

00:54:33.070 --> 00:54:34.950
It was embarrassing
to me, but I never

00:54:34.950 --> 00:54:36.740
begrudged my father of that.

00:54:36.740 --> 00:54:39.950
It was his one
little bit of dignity

00:54:39.950 --> 00:54:43.143
that he got back from
whatever success I had.

00:54:43.143 --> 00:54:46.524
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:54:52.820 --> 00:54:54.450
Hello, I'm David Suzuki.

00:54:54.450 --> 00:54:56.500
Welcome to the first
show in a new season

00:54:56.500 --> 00:54:59.930
of The Nature of Things.

00:54:59.930 --> 00:55:01.810
You are watching
The Nature of Things

00:55:01.810 --> 00:55:05.690
on CBC'S documentary night.

00:55:05.690 --> 00:55:07.600
You are watching
The Nature of Things

00:55:07.600 --> 00:55:10.170
on CBC'S documentary night.

00:55:10.170 --> 00:55:13.840
Did you hear that, Chris?

00:55:13.840 --> 00:55:15.080
Demetri, can I go back?

00:55:15.080 --> 00:55:15.580
OK.

00:55:15.580 --> 00:55:16.720
Cut.

00:55:16.720 --> 00:55:20.200
I like to think that if I
have any talent, that I'm not

00:55:20.200 --> 00:55:21.300
a very talented guy.

00:55:21.300 --> 00:55:23.690
The one thing I
have been able to do

00:55:23.690 --> 00:55:28.810
is to translate the
arcane language of science

00:55:28.810 --> 00:55:31.040
into something that
can be, not only

00:55:31.040 --> 00:55:32.410
understandable, but exciting.

00:55:34.770 --> 00:55:37.680
And Dad was my biggest fan.

00:55:37.680 --> 00:55:40.840
He watched every one
of my television shows.

00:55:40.840 --> 00:55:42.810
And he called me up,
and he'd say, oh, well,

00:55:42.810 --> 00:55:46.240
that was interesting,
but why did you say this?

00:55:46.240 --> 00:55:47.860
He said, I love you.

00:55:47.860 --> 00:55:50.092
I want your shows to be great.

00:55:50.092 --> 00:55:52.300
And I can't understand what
the hell you were saying.

00:55:52.300 --> 00:55:55.160
If I, your father, who loves
you, can't understand it,

00:55:55.160 --> 00:55:57.610
how do you expect some Joe
on the street to look at that

00:55:57.610 --> 00:55:59.010
and understand it?

00:55:59.010 --> 00:56:02.420
You better explain
it more easily.

00:56:02.420 --> 00:56:05.640
Thanks for watching Doc Zone
and The Nature of Things.

00:56:05.640 --> 00:56:08.630
Join us in two weeks for
more compelling stories

00:56:08.630 --> 00:56:12.640
on CBC documentary night.

00:56:12.640 --> 00:56:13.140
Cut.

00:56:13.140 --> 00:56:13.973
[INTERPOSING VOICES]

00:56:16.950 --> 00:56:19.800
After having spent
quite a few years

00:56:19.800 --> 00:56:22.960
in both television
and radio, I was

00:56:22.960 --> 00:56:28.990
much more aware of the
limitations and the increasing

00:56:28.990 --> 00:56:33.050
shallowness of
what we were doing.

00:56:33.050 --> 00:56:35.240
When I looked at old,
The Nature of Things,

00:56:35.240 --> 00:56:38.130
when it was a half-hour
program without a host,

00:56:38.130 --> 00:56:41.930
it ran for 28 minutes
and 30 seconds.

00:56:41.930 --> 00:56:44.150
In those shows, you'd
get an interview

00:56:44.150 --> 00:56:48.110
with Margaret Mead
or Paul Ehrlich that

00:56:48.110 --> 00:56:53.000
would run a talking head
for three or four minutes.

00:56:53.000 --> 00:56:56.820
Today, we would never put a
talking head, just a talking

00:56:56.820 --> 00:56:59.660
head, on air longer
than 20 or 30 seconds.

00:56:59.660 --> 00:57:01.660
I mean, that's
considered too long.

00:57:01.660 --> 00:57:04.270
So everything has just
been shortened up.

00:57:04.270 --> 00:57:07.070
And of course, it means
you just don't have time

00:57:07.070 --> 00:57:11.730
for the profundity of to
develop a thought, to have

00:57:11.730 --> 00:57:13.500
it done slowly enough
so that you can

00:57:13.500 --> 00:57:15.330
respond to that as an audience.

00:57:15.330 --> 00:57:16.180
All that's gone.

00:57:16.180 --> 00:57:20.350
It's just relentless jolts
per minute, getting it across.

00:57:20.350 --> 00:57:26.100
And so I think you're carried
along more by sensationalism

00:57:26.100 --> 00:57:31.064
than really getting the story
in a half-hour or an hour show.

00:57:31.064 --> 00:57:33.010
Well, I'm going to
indulge you some dead air

00:57:33.010 --> 00:57:34.510
while I check my notes here to
see if I've missed anything.

00:57:34.510 --> 00:57:35.093
Help yourself.

00:57:39.402 --> 00:57:42.390
This is dead air, if you're
interested in dead air.

00:57:42.390 --> 00:57:45.880
This is what dead
air looks like.

00:57:45.880 --> 00:57:47.610
Yeah.

00:57:47.610 --> 00:57:50.590
By the late 1970s,
it was clear to me

00:57:50.590 --> 00:57:54.320
that we needed a different
perspective on the problems.

00:57:54.320 --> 00:57:58.250
And for me, that came
when I received a letter

00:57:58.250 --> 00:58:02.480
from a member of parliament
in Ottawa named Jim Fulton.

00:58:02.480 --> 00:58:05.400
And Jim wrote to me,
and he said Suzuk,

00:58:05.400 --> 00:58:07.740
you should do a
program on the fight

00:58:07.740 --> 00:58:10.130
against logging in Haida Gwaii.

00:58:10.130 --> 00:58:15.090
I didn't know who the Haida
were or where Haida Gwaii was.

00:58:15.090 --> 00:58:19.070
But I learned then that for
years, a battle had raged,

00:58:19.070 --> 00:58:21.150
pitting environmentalists
in Haida

00:58:21.150 --> 00:58:25.820
against government officials
and forest industries.

00:58:25.820 --> 00:58:30.050
In the early 1980s, the
Haida, led by President Miles

00:58:30.050 --> 00:58:32.590
Richardson, decided
to draw the line

00:58:32.590 --> 00:58:35.190
and stop the logging
trucks from entering

00:58:35.190 --> 00:58:39.960
Windy Bay, a pristine
watershed of some 6,000 acres

00:58:39.960 --> 00:58:42.760
that was sacred to the Haida.

00:58:42.760 --> 00:58:45.850
So I flew up to Haida Gwaii,
and I interviewed forest company

00:58:45.850 --> 00:58:49.050
executives, politicians,
environmentalists, loggers,

00:58:49.050 --> 00:58:49.844
and Haida.

00:58:49.844 --> 00:58:52.808
[INSTRUMENTAL GUITAR MUSIC
PLAYING]

00:59:28.400 --> 00:59:31.200
The watershed is a runoff
for a network of streams

00:59:31.200 --> 00:59:33.320
that empty into the sea.

00:59:33.320 --> 00:59:36.820
6,000 acres of rain
forest drape the hillside

00:59:36.820 --> 00:59:39.190
in a rolling blanket of green.

00:59:39.190 --> 00:59:43.280
In a matter of months,
all of this could be gone.

00:59:43.280 --> 00:59:45.960
At the top of the
hills, a logging company

00:59:45.960 --> 00:59:48.854
is poised to sweep
into the valley.

00:59:48.854 --> 00:59:51.746
[WIND BLOWING]

00:59:55.700 --> 00:59:59.010
Throughout the islands now,
most of that type of a watershed

00:59:59.010 --> 01:00:02.721
is being changed for
all time by logging.

01:00:02.721 --> 01:00:05.630
And our people have
determined that Windy Bay

01:00:05.630 --> 01:00:07.930
and some other places
on the Charlottes

01:00:07.930 --> 01:00:10.350
must be left in their
natural condition.

01:00:10.350 --> 01:00:13.850
[WATER RUNNING AND BIRDS
SOUNDING]

01:00:30.251 --> 01:00:33.230
[DRUMS BEATING AND NON ENGLISH
CHANTING]

01:00:58.560 --> 01:00:59.060
Hello.

01:00:59.060 --> 01:01:00.366
Who's this?

01:01:00.366 --> 01:01:02.731
[INAUDIBLE]

01:01:02.731 --> 01:01:05.069
What is this?

01:01:05.069 --> 01:01:05.569
What?

01:01:05.569 --> 01:01:08.173
Who's calling, please?

01:01:08.173 --> 01:01:11.540
Who is it?

01:01:11.540 --> 01:01:14.222
[INAUDIBLE] here.

01:01:14.222 --> 01:01:18.480
We need some inspection
at the [INAUDIBLE].

01:01:18.480 --> 01:01:21.050
We can't connect any
instructions over the phone.

01:01:21.050 --> 01:01:22.735
Everybody is listening.

01:01:22.735 --> 01:01:24.630
There's two radio
phones outside.

01:01:24.630 --> 01:01:25.829
One's full of RSCM feed.

01:01:25.829 --> 01:01:26.995
The other's full of loggers.

01:01:26.995 --> 01:01:28.380
[INAUDIBLE]

01:01:28.380 --> 01:01:32.470
They must have all sat
around here and planned

01:01:32.470 --> 01:01:35.870
their strategy, planned
on the fight, physically.

01:01:39.855 --> 01:01:43.570
I just remember my daughter
saying it was so hot in here.

01:01:43.570 --> 01:01:46.500
They had a fire, and it was
just-- they could hardly

01:01:46.500 --> 01:01:48.084
stand how hot it was.

01:01:52.860 --> 01:01:55.280
But boy, the forest is
really reclaiming it, eh?

01:01:58.590 --> 01:02:02.290
It took thousands of years and
countless seeds and seedlings

01:02:02.290 --> 01:02:04.480
before giant trees
like those at Windy Bay

01:02:04.480 --> 01:02:06.010
took root and survived.

01:02:06.010 --> 01:02:09.150
Some of them are
over 600 years old.

01:02:09.150 --> 01:02:12.470
Once, it took two men weeks
to cut one of them down.

01:02:12.470 --> 01:02:15.320
Today, one man can
do it in minutes.

01:02:15.320 --> 01:02:17.490
Is this progress?

01:02:17.490 --> 01:02:20.040
Wilderness preserves are
more than just museums

01:02:20.040 --> 01:02:21.570
for relics of the past.

01:02:21.570 --> 01:02:24.770
They're a hedge against our
ignorance, a tiny reserve

01:02:24.770 --> 01:02:28.420
from which we might learn how
to use our powerful technologies

01:02:28.420 --> 01:02:30.210
more wisely.

01:02:30.210 --> 01:02:34.330
But in the end, our sense
of awe and wonder, in places

01:02:34.330 --> 01:02:38.660
like this change us and
our perspective of time

01:02:38.660 --> 01:02:40.842
and our place in the
nature of things.

01:02:40.842 --> 01:02:43.818
[INSTRUMENTAL GUITAR MUSIC]

01:02:59.690 --> 01:03:02.170
Move aside.

01:03:02.170 --> 01:03:04.650
I'm ordering you to move aside.

01:03:04.650 --> 01:03:06.634
If you don't move
aside, [INAUDIBLE].

01:03:14.110 --> 01:03:17.110
And one of the Haida was
[INAUDIBLE], a young artist

01:03:17.110 --> 01:03:20.030
and carver, who had led
the battle against logging

01:03:20.030 --> 01:03:21.300
for years.

01:03:21.300 --> 01:03:24.380
And I asked him, what
difference does it make to you

01:03:24.380 --> 01:03:27.530
if they cut all the trees down?

01:03:27.530 --> 01:03:30.398
So if they're logged off?

01:03:30.398 --> 01:03:33.950
If they're logged off, we'll
probably end up the same

01:03:33.950 --> 01:03:37.430
as everyone else, I guess.

01:03:37.430 --> 01:03:40.590
His answer sailed
right over my head.

01:03:40.590 --> 01:03:45.410
He said, well, then we'll be
like everybody else, I guess.

01:03:45.410 --> 01:03:48.100
And it was only days later,
as I watched the Russians

01:03:48.100 --> 01:03:52.370
in Vancouver, that I realized
his simple statement had

01:03:52.370 --> 01:03:55.850
opened a window on a radically
different way of seeing

01:03:55.850 --> 01:03:57.060
the world.

01:03:57.060 --> 01:04:00.140
What I'd realized was that
[INAUDIBLE] and the Haida

01:04:00.140 --> 01:04:03.120
don't see themselves
as ending at their skin

01:04:03.120 --> 01:04:04.820
or their fingertips.

01:04:04.820 --> 01:04:07.750
To be Haida was to be
connected to the land,

01:04:07.750 --> 01:04:11.400
that the air, the water, the
fish, the trees, and the birds,

01:04:11.400 --> 01:04:14.800
were all a part of
who the Haida are.

01:04:14.800 --> 01:04:19.010
Their connection to the land was
their history, their culture,

01:04:19.010 --> 01:04:23.450
the very reasons why
Haida are in this world.

01:04:23.450 --> 01:04:26.110
Sever that
connection, of course,

01:04:26.110 --> 01:04:28.530
the Haida would still
be here physically.

01:04:28.530 --> 01:04:32.655
But then, a huge part of what
makes the Haida of who they are

01:04:32.655 --> 01:04:36.900
would be gone, and they would
become like everybody else.

01:04:36.900 --> 01:04:39.840
[TRIBAL MUSIC]

01:04:40.820 --> 01:04:45.730
Right at this moment,
the government of Canada

01:04:45.730 --> 01:04:49.281
and the government of the
province of British Columbia

01:04:49.281 --> 01:04:55.070
are sitting down and
signifying that they

01:04:55.070 --> 01:05:01.438
agree with the Haida Nation that
South Moresby should be saved.

01:05:01.438 --> 01:05:04.338
[CHEERING]

01:05:09.750 --> 01:05:13.670
Everyone had now agreed that
Gwaii Haanas would remain

01:05:13.670 --> 01:05:17.560
in its natural state wherever.

01:05:17.560 --> 01:05:18.640
That was huge.

01:05:18.640 --> 01:05:19.430
That was awesome.

01:05:19.430 --> 01:05:22.500
That was our first objective.

01:05:22.500 --> 01:05:25.325
We all jump in the
Sikorsky, it flew right

01:05:25.325 --> 01:05:26.200
over the [INAUDIBLE].

01:05:26.200 --> 01:05:26.991
Right to the feast.

01:05:26.991 --> 01:05:28.188
Right at the feet.

01:05:28.188 --> 01:05:29.655
[LAUGHTER]

01:05:29.655 --> 01:05:30.633
[INAUDIBLE]

01:05:30.633 --> 01:05:32.100
[LAUGHTER]

01:05:32.100 --> 01:05:35.034
[DRUMS BEATING AND NON ENGLISH
CHANTING]

01:05:47.760 --> 01:05:50.920
And ever since that first
encounter with [INAUDIBLE],

01:05:50.920 --> 01:05:53.760
I have been a student
meeting Aboriginal people

01:05:53.760 --> 01:05:59.160
around the world and witnessing
that same attachment to place.

01:05:59.160 --> 01:06:03.010
Whether it's in the Amazon
or the Australian Outback,

01:06:03.010 --> 01:06:07.220
Aboriginal people speak of
the earth as our mother.

01:06:07.220 --> 01:06:10.990
And they tell us we are created
by the four sacred elements--

01:06:10.990 --> 01:06:14.420
earth, air, fire, and water.

01:06:14.420 --> 01:06:17.820
So I realized that we
had defined the problem

01:06:17.820 --> 01:06:18.990
incorrectly.

01:06:18.990 --> 01:06:22.090
There's no environment out
there, and we are here,

01:06:22.090 --> 01:06:26.150
and we somehow have to watch
the way we interact with it.

01:06:26.150 --> 01:06:29.490
We are the environment.

01:06:29.490 --> 01:06:31.850
And the leading
science corroborates

01:06:31.850 --> 01:06:35.040
this ancient understanding
that informs us

01:06:35.040 --> 01:06:38.310
that whatever we do
to our surroundings,

01:06:38.310 --> 01:06:40.410
we do directly to ourselves.

01:06:40.410 --> 01:06:44.600
The environmental crisis
is a human crisis.

01:06:44.600 --> 01:06:48.340
We are at the center of it,
both causing the problems

01:06:48.340 --> 01:06:52.570
and as the victims
of the consequences.

01:06:52.570 --> 01:06:55.550
Let's look at the world
through different eyes.

01:06:55.550 --> 01:07:00.040
The very first thing every one
of us needed when we were born

01:07:00.040 --> 01:07:01.600
was a breath of air.

01:07:01.600 --> 01:07:04.470
That first breath was
to inflate our lungs

01:07:04.470 --> 01:07:07.940
and to announce to the
world that had arrived.

01:07:07.940 --> 01:07:12.090
And from that moment on,
to our very dying breath,

01:07:12.090 --> 01:07:15.470
we need air 15 to
40 times a minute.

01:07:15.470 --> 01:07:17.340
We don't even think about it.

01:07:17.340 --> 01:07:22.730
Let's consider this vital, but
ignored event, a single breath.

01:07:22.730 --> 01:07:26.090
It's so easy-- two
to four liters of air

01:07:26.090 --> 01:07:30.620
deep down into those mushy
organs that we call our lungs.

01:07:30.620 --> 01:07:33.140
If you've ever
touched a fresh lung,

01:07:33.140 --> 01:07:34.700
you know how squishy it is.

01:07:34.700 --> 01:07:37.930
That's because it's
mainly made up of air.

01:07:37.930 --> 01:07:39.780
The air is in those lungs.

01:07:39.780 --> 01:07:43.270
In fact, the air is circulating
throughout our bodies

01:07:43.270 --> 01:07:46.180
to reach every cell in our body.

01:07:46.180 --> 01:07:48.720
When we breathe out, we
don't exhaust all of the air,

01:07:48.720 --> 01:07:50.910
because then our
lungs would collapse.

01:07:50.910 --> 01:07:55.530
The point is, we can't draw a
line and say, air ends here,

01:07:55.530 --> 01:07:56.980
and I begin there.

01:07:56.980 --> 01:07:58.000
There is no line.

01:07:58.000 --> 01:08:00.960
It's in us, it's stuck to
us, and it's circulating

01:08:00.960 --> 01:08:02.830
throughout our body.

01:08:02.830 --> 01:08:05.090
We are air.

01:08:05.090 --> 01:08:08.220
And when I breathe out, the
air that comes out of my nose

01:08:08.220 --> 01:08:10.880
quickly mixes here and
goes straight up your nose.

01:08:10.880 --> 01:08:15.160
And if I am air, and you
are air, then I am you.

01:08:15.160 --> 01:08:18.029
And we're embedded
in a matrix of air,

01:08:18.029 --> 01:08:20.840
not just with all other
human beings in the world,

01:08:20.840 --> 01:08:24.100
but with the worms and
the snakes and the spiders

01:08:24.100 --> 01:08:26.319
and the birds and the trees.

01:08:26.319 --> 01:08:28.500
We are air.

01:08:28.500 --> 01:08:32.300
There is no boundary between us.

01:08:32.300 --> 01:08:34.410
The American astronomer
Harlow Shapley

01:08:34.410 --> 01:08:36.220
did this wonderful
thought exercise.

01:08:36.220 --> 01:08:39.609
He said, what happens
to one breath of air?

01:08:39.609 --> 01:08:41.220
How do you follow
a breath of air?

01:08:41.220 --> 01:08:43.729
98% of the air is
oxygen and nitrogen.

01:08:43.729 --> 01:08:46.819
We need that air
for the oxygen which

01:08:46.819 --> 01:08:49.130
fuels our metabolic fires.

01:08:49.130 --> 01:08:52.319
So a lot of the oxygen in a
breath stays in our bodies.

01:08:52.319 --> 01:08:54.830
Some of the nitrogen
reacts biochemically

01:08:54.830 --> 01:08:56.979
and also stays in our bodies.

01:08:56.979 --> 01:09:01.260
But 1% of the air is an
element called argon.

01:09:01.260 --> 01:09:02.720
Argon is an inert gas.

01:09:02.720 --> 01:09:04.600
It doesn't react with anything.

01:09:04.600 --> 01:09:06.399
Breathe it in, it
goes into our bodies.

01:09:06.399 --> 01:09:08.300
Breathe it out, it
comes right back out.

01:09:08.300 --> 01:09:12.189
So argon is a very nice
marker or indicator

01:09:12.189 --> 01:09:13.810
of a breath of air.

01:09:13.810 --> 01:09:16.479
How many atoms of argon
in a breath of air?

01:09:16.479 --> 01:09:21.170
Shapley calculates about 3
times 10 to the super 18.

01:09:21.170 --> 01:09:23.790
That's 3 followed by 18 zeros.

01:09:23.790 --> 01:09:26.630
Take it from me, that is
a hell of a lot of argon.

01:09:26.630 --> 01:09:30.279
So if we follow a single breath
that comes out of my nose,

01:09:30.279 --> 01:09:33.580
very quickly that one
breath spreads by convection

01:09:33.580 --> 01:09:35.020
through this room.

01:09:35.020 --> 01:09:38.899
And every one of us is breathing
gazillions of argon atoms

01:09:38.899 --> 01:09:40.569
from that one breath.

01:09:40.569 --> 01:09:42.460
But of course, a door is opened.

01:09:42.460 --> 01:09:45.720
That breath eventually
diffuses across Vancouver,

01:09:45.720 --> 01:09:47.910
across Canada, around the world.

01:09:47.910 --> 01:09:51.050
And according to
Shapley, one year later,

01:09:51.050 --> 01:09:55.230
wherever you are in the world,
because air is a single matrix,

01:09:55.230 --> 01:09:59.220
every breath you take will
have about 15 argon atoms

01:09:59.220 --> 01:10:03.180
that came from that one
original breath a year before.

01:10:03.180 --> 01:10:05.600
So on that basis,
Shapley calculates

01:10:05.600 --> 01:10:08.800
that every breath you
take has argon atoms that

01:10:08.800 --> 01:10:12.210
were once in the bodies of
Joan of Arc and Jesus Christ.

01:10:12.210 --> 01:10:14.820
That every breath you
take has argon atoms

01:10:14.820 --> 01:10:18.740
that were in the bodies of
dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

01:10:18.740 --> 01:10:22.380
That every breath you take will
suffuse terrestrial life forms

01:10:22.380 --> 01:10:25.960
as far as we can
see into the future.

01:10:25.960 --> 01:10:30.580
So air is more than just
a physical component

01:10:30.580 --> 01:10:33.070
of the biosphere.

01:10:33.070 --> 01:10:36.050
Air is a sacred element.

01:10:36.050 --> 01:10:39.390
It gives life to all
terrestrial organisms.

01:10:39.390 --> 01:10:43.040
It links life in a
single matrix and joins

01:10:43.040 --> 01:10:45.950
the past, the present,
and the future

01:10:45.950 --> 01:10:50.190
into a single, flowing entity.

01:10:50.190 --> 01:10:53.000
Our great boast is intelligence.

01:10:53.000 --> 01:10:54.990
Now, we're a clever animal.

01:10:54.990 --> 01:11:00.050
But what intelligent creature,
knowing that air is sacred,

01:11:00.050 --> 01:11:03.450
would then proceed to
deliberately dump our most

01:11:03.450 --> 01:11:05.840
toxic elements into it?

01:11:05.840 --> 01:11:08.070
We are air.

01:11:08.070 --> 01:11:12.350
Whatever we do to the air,
we do directly to ourselves.

01:11:12.350 --> 01:11:16.970
And this is true of the
other sacred elements.

01:11:16.970 --> 01:11:18.830
We need to understand
that nature

01:11:18.830 --> 01:11:22.490
gave us birth and is
our home and the source

01:11:22.490 --> 01:11:23.630
of our well-being.

01:11:23.630 --> 01:11:27.130
And when we die, we
return to nature.

01:11:27.130 --> 01:11:30.640
We should know that there are
forces impinging on our lives

01:11:30.640 --> 01:11:33.400
that we will never
understand or control.

01:11:33.400 --> 01:11:36.080
We need to have
sacred places where

01:11:36.080 --> 01:11:39.150
we go with reverence
and respect,

01:11:39.150 --> 01:11:42.860
not looking for
resources or opportunity.

01:11:42.860 --> 01:11:46.030
These, then, should
be our bottom line,

01:11:46.030 --> 01:11:49.590
our most fundamental,
biological, social,

01:11:49.590 --> 01:11:51.700
and spiritual needs.

01:11:51.700 --> 01:11:55.880
And once we understand
that those basic needs must

01:11:55.880 --> 01:11:57.950
be the very
foundation of the way

01:11:57.950 --> 01:12:01.810
we live, that they must be
protected for our very health

01:12:01.810 --> 01:12:04.790
and well-being,
then we can begin

01:12:04.790 --> 01:12:09.470
to look ahead and imagine
a new way of living

01:12:09.470 --> 01:12:15.300
in harmony and balance with
those fundamental needs.

01:12:15.300 --> 01:12:17.875
[DRUM BEATING AND NON ENGLISH
SINGING/CHANTING:]

01:12:44.713 --> 01:12:47.695
Where's [INAUDIBLE]?

01:12:47.695 --> 01:12:48.689
Is he coming?

01:12:51.730 --> 01:12:53.630
I love the people.

01:12:53.630 --> 01:12:56.680
I love their relationship
with the land,

01:12:56.680 --> 01:13:00.580
and I feel honored
that they've actually

01:13:00.580 --> 01:13:05.316
welcomed me into their families
by adopting me and my family.

01:13:15.690 --> 01:13:18.340
I told you when you were, what?

01:13:18.340 --> 01:13:19.880
Five, six?

01:13:19.880 --> 01:13:22.210
I told you your daughter's
going to come to me.

01:13:22.210 --> 01:13:23.700
Yeah.

01:13:23.700 --> 01:13:27.370
And you let her come,
and you said, no way.

01:13:27.370 --> 01:13:31.290
[LAUGHTER]

01:13:31.290 --> 01:13:33.340
Thinking back, we practically
took [? Severne ?]

01:13:33.340 --> 01:13:36.038
and said, please take her.

01:13:36.038 --> 01:13:37.530
[GIGGLING]

01:13:37.530 --> 01:13:40.170
But what did you--
what was it about?

01:13:40.170 --> 01:13:41.170
Uh, yeah.

01:13:41.170 --> 01:13:44.036
Uh.

01:13:44.036 --> 01:13:46.100
A few things.

01:13:46.100 --> 01:13:51.411
Mainly, she had big work, I saw,
big Earth's work for her life.

01:13:51.411 --> 01:13:51.910
Really?

01:13:51.910 --> 01:13:54.395
She was going to do big,
good work for the earth.

01:13:57.070 --> 01:14:00.540
But she might do all
right for you son.

01:14:00.540 --> 01:14:03.180
That never entered the
picture at that time.

01:14:03.180 --> 01:14:05.860
She was too young.

01:14:05.860 --> 01:14:06.880
Eh?

01:14:06.880 --> 01:14:11.570
No, that never-- that
wasn't part of what I saw.

01:14:11.570 --> 01:14:12.770
[INAUDIBLE]

01:14:12.770 --> 01:14:13.400
Thank you.

01:14:13.400 --> 01:14:14.060
I'm glad.

01:14:14.060 --> 01:14:16.510
No.

01:14:16.510 --> 01:14:19.640
And then a few years later,
you know, it entered my mind.

01:14:19.640 --> 01:14:25.526
But I didn't think
it would happen.

01:14:25.526 --> 01:14:28.674
And then it did.

01:14:28.674 --> 01:14:29.970
It was so great.

01:14:29.970 --> 01:14:32.750
There was no getting
to that awkward period

01:14:32.750 --> 01:14:33.790
of getting to know her.

01:14:33.790 --> 01:14:34.696
Yeah.

01:14:34.696 --> 01:14:35.400
It was just.

01:14:35.400 --> 01:14:36.310
We knew it.

01:14:36.310 --> 01:14:41.040
Well, we fell in love with
her first, me and [INAUDIBLE].

01:14:41.040 --> 01:14:41.540
I know.

01:14:41.540 --> 01:14:44.600
I only started hanging out with
Jed because of his parents.

01:14:44.600 --> 01:14:46.730
How often does that happen?

01:14:46.730 --> 01:14:48.230
[LAUGHTER]

01:14:48.230 --> 01:15:06.910
[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

01:15:06.910 --> 01:15:08.040
It's so red, too.

01:15:08.040 --> 01:15:10.410
It would have been good.

01:15:10.410 --> 01:15:12.190
We'll just give
thanks for the food.

01:15:15.160 --> 01:15:18.142
[NON-ENGLISH SPEECH]

01:15:33.912 --> 01:15:35.700
Of course, the
whole relationship

01:15:35.700 --> 01:15:39.710
has been sealed, because I
actually have a Haida grandson.

01:15:39.710 --> 01:15:43.410
And so that relationship
with this place

01:15:43.410 --> 01:15:47.502
is very, very strong, as I've
not felt with any other place.

01:15:47.502 --> 01:15:49.606
[INAUDIBLE]

01:15:49.606 --> 01:15:52.260
There's juice on this one.

01:15:52.260 --> 01:15:54.570
Gary Schneider,
the American poet,

01:15:54.570 --> 01:15:57.390
says that the two most
revolutionary things

01:15:57.390 --> 01:16:03.060
that anyone can say, the two
most revolutionary words, are,

01:16:03.060 --> 01:16:05.040
I'm staying.

01:16:05.040 --> 01:16:08.480
And what he means by that
is that I have decided

01:16:08.480 --> 01:16:10.800
this is my place, my home.

01:16:10.800 --> 01:16:13.320
And it means that I hope my
children and grandchildren

01:16:13.320 --> 01:16:16.410
and their grandchildren
will also be here.

01:16:16.410 --> 01:16:18.210
So that if you live
in a place like this,

01:16:18.210 --> 01:16:20.480
and a forest company
comes and says,

01:16:20.480 --> 01:16:23.520
well, we've got a 20-year
logging plan here, you say,

01:16:23.520 --> 01:16:24.760
get lost.

01:16:24.760 --> 01:16:27.620
I'm only interested in
a 500-year logging plan.

01:16:27.620 --> 01:16:30.110
And that's what the
attitude of the Haida is.

01:16:30.110 --> 01:16:33.220
We're not interested in these
short-term logging plans.

01:16:33.220 --> 01:16:35.960
This is our land, and we
want hundreds of years

01:16:35.960 --> 01:16:41.370
down the line to be sure
that our successors will have

01:16:41.370 --> 01:16:43.530
cedar trees big
enough to build canoes

01:16:43.530 --> 01:16:46.080
and to get the planks
for the long houses.

01:16:46.080 --> 01:16:49.020
That's the kind of
planning that's needed.

01:16:49.020 --> 01:16:51.008
[DRUM BEATING AND NON ENGLISH
SINGING]

01:16:52.996 --> 01:16:55.978
This is Copper Bay.

01:16:55.978 --> 01:16:57.966
This is Copper Bay.

01:16:57.966 --> 01:16:58.960
Whoa.

01:16:58.960 --> 01:17:01.445
[DRUM BEATING AND NON ENGLISH
SINGING]

01:17:27.340 --> 01:17:30.140
I once received a letter
from a real estate agent

01:17:30.140 --> 01:17:34.730
that began, now is a good time
for you to sell your property

01:17:34.730 --> 01:17:37.390
and buy up.

01:17:37.390 --> 01:17:40.550
Boy, I'll tell you, it
really pissed me off.

01:17:40.550 --> 01:17:42.480
But I said, OK,
if this guy wants

01:17:42.480 --> 01:17:45.010
to sell my property,
what are the things

01:17:45.010 --> 01:17:48.780
on that property that make
it really valuable to me.

01:17:48.780 --> 01:17:51.160
So I started a list.

01:17:51.160 --> 01:17:53.600
My wife's mother and
father have lived with us

01:17:53.600 --> 01:17:56.180
in that house for 35 years.

01:17:56.180 --> 01:17:59.170
So my children have known
Grandma and Granddad

01:17:59.170 --> 01:18:01.130
for their entire lives.

01:18:01.130 --> 01:18:05.870
And I put that down as a
valuable thing on my property.

01:18:05.870 --> 01:18:07.660
My father was a cabinet maker.

01:18:07.660 --> 01:18:09.690
And when Tara and I
were first married,

01:18:09.690 --> 01:18:12.040
he built a kitchen
cupboard for our apartment.

01:18:12.040 --> 01:18:14.490
And when we bought
this house, I tore

01:18:14.490 --> 01:18:16.700
that kitchen cupboard out
and put it in our kitchen.

01:18:16.700 --> 01:18:20.710
It looked like hell, but every
time I used that cabinet,

01:18:20.710 --> 01:18:23.380
it reminded me of my father.

01:18:23.380 --> 01:18:25.860
My best friend, Jim Murray,
came out to visit me

01:18:25.860 --> 01:18:28.100
one year when I was
building a fence.

01:18:28.100 --> 01:18:30.980
And he carved a
handle for the gate.

01:18:30.980 --> 01:18:35.690
And every time, I use that
gate, I think of my best friend.

01:18:35.690 --> 01:18:37.950
And I put that down.

01:18:37.950 --> 01:18:41.290
My children have dragged
dead birds and snakes

01:18:41.290 --> 01:18:45.700
and squirrels home to bury
in a little animal cemetery

01:18:45.700 --> 01:18:47.870
under our dogwood tree.

01:18:47.870 --> 01:18:49.130
And I put that down.

01:18:49.130 --> 01:18:52.070
When we first bought that
house, I built a tree house

01:18:52.070 --> 01:18:54.040
in the dogwood tree,
and my children

01:18:54.040 --> 01:18:57.380
have spent countless
hours in that tree house.

01:18:57.380 --> 01:18:59.710
And I put that down.

01:18:59.710 --> 01:19:02.930
And looking over
that list, I know

01:19:02.930 --> 01:19:06.510
that those are the things
that, for me, transform

01:19:06.510 --> 01:19:09.940
a property into a home.

01:19:09.940 --> 01:19:12.670
And to me, they are priceless.

01:19:12.670 --> 01:19:16.570
But on the market,
they are worthless.

01:19:16.570 --> 01:19:17.890
And that's our problem.

01:19:17.890 --> 01:19:21.620
When we measure everything
in terms of economic value,

01:19:21.620 --> 01:19:25.190
those things that matter
most to us are worthless.

01:19:28.666 --> 01:19:31.146
[INSTRUMENTAL GUITAR MUSIC
PLAYING]

01:19:58.460 --> 01:20:02.060
Dad always wanted to go
back at the end of the war

01:20:02.060 --> 01:20:05.056
to see this place,
which he loved.

01:20:05.056 --> 01:20:07.180
And I kept putting him off,
saying, Dad, I'm sorry.

01:20:07.180 --> 01:20:07.850
I'm too busy.

01:20:07.850 --> 01:20:08.450
I'm too busy.

01:20:08.450 --> 01:20:13.880
And finally, he said, in 1992,
look, I know you're a busy man.

01:20:13.880 --> 01:20:14.630
That's OK.

01:20:14.630 --> 01:20:16.010
I'm going to go up myself.

01:20:16.010 --> 01:20:19.332
He was 83.

01:20:19.332 --> 01:20:22.260
[MUSIC PLAYING]

01:20:35.475 --> 01:20:37.250
So he shamed me into it.

01:20:37.250 --> 01:20:41.220
And I said, OK, OK, and
climbed up here with my dad.

01:20:41.220 --> 01:20:44.400
I didn't know at the
time he had never cancer,

01:20:44.400 --> 01:20:45.933
but it was a tough climb.

01:20:49.540 --> 01:20:51.790
This is a killer.

01:20:51.790 --> 01:20:53.850
This is.

01:20:53.850 --> 01:20:58.360
I remember dragging
Dad on my shoulders.

01:20:58.360 --> 01:21:02.090
And about, halfway down
there, he said, that's it.

01:21:02.090 --> 01:21:03.480
I can't go any further.

01:21:03.480 --> 01:21:04.570
Just leave me.

01:21:04.570 --> 01:21:06.710
I said, Dad, I can't just
leave you in the trail.

01:21:06.710 --> 01:21:07.240
Leave me.

01:21:07.240 --> 01:21:08.922
I'll be fine.

01:21:08.922 --> 01:21:10.880
Oh, that was tough.

01:21:10.880 --> 01:21:14.120
He was just completely
tuckered out.

01:21:14.120 --> 01:21:16.870
There was just a few
hundred yards more

01:21:16.870 --> 01:21:18.630
to get up to the top.

01:21:18.630 --> 01:21:21.510
But it had been a
tough, tough day.

01:21:21.510 --> 01:21:26.810
But we rested and
dragged him up.

01:21:26.810 --> 01:21:28.900
He was pretty light
by then anyway.

01:21:28.900 --> 01:21:33.010
And he was so delighted
to get to the top.

01:21:33.010 --> 01:21:35.505
I mean, he was triumphant.

01:21:35.505 --> 01:21:38.499
[MUSIC PLAYING]

01:22:11.990 --> 01:22:14.640
People seem to feel it's a
very macabre thing for me

01:22:14.640 --> 01:22:17.115
to say that I'm in the
last part of my life.

01:22:17.115 --> 01:22:20.560
Look, when you hit your
70s, you know you're

01:22:20.560 --> 01:22:22.370
in the last part of your life.

01:22:22.370 --> 01:22:26.650
And however many years I have
left, each year will be a gift.

01:22:29.800 --> 01:22:32.500
But it's nothing
to be afraid of.

01:22:32.500 --> 01:22:34.460
I mean, we're all going to die.

01:22:34.460 --> 01:22:38.580
You just have to think, what
has this life been about?

01:22:38.580 --> 01:22:41.740
If you can't think about your
life in some kind of bigger

01:22:41.740 --> 01:22:44.057
perspective and
what you've learned

01:22:44.057 --> 01:22:46.140
when you're in the death
zone, then what the hell.

01:22:46.140 --> 01:22:50.100
I mean, that's the
best thing you can do.

01:22:53.600 --> 01:22:56.558
[WATER RUNNING]

01:23:12.100 --> 01:23:15.850
You're going to
love the view, Dad.

01:23:15.850 --> 01:23:17.850
[WATER TRICKLING]

01:23:26.550 --> 01:23:29.054
I should have put
a fish in my hand.

01:23:29.054 --> 01:23:31.484
[WATER TRICKLING]

01:23:44.150 --> 01:23:48.840
Carr Kaoru Suzuki died
peacefully on May 8th.

01:23:48.840 --> 01:23:50.700
He was 85.

01:23:50.700 --> 01:23:54.500
His ashes will be spread on
the winds of Quadra Island.

01:23:54.500 --> 01:23:58.140
He found great strength
in the Japanese tradition

01:23:58.140 --> 01:24:00.140
of nature worship.

01:24:00.140 --> 01:24:04.210
Shortly before he died, he
said, I will return to nature,

01:24:04.210 --> 01:24:05.770
where I came from.

01:24:05.770 --> 01:24:09.890
I will be part of the
fish, the trees, the birds.

01:24:09.890 --> 01:24:12.480
That's my reincarnation.

01:24:12.480 --> 01:24:16.430
I have had a rich and full
life and have no regrets.

01:24:16.430 --> 01:24:19.700
I will live on in
your memories of me

01:24:19.700 --> 01:24:22.620
and through my grandchildren.

01:24:22.620 --> 01:24:26.740
He told me, when I hear the sigh
of the wind through the trees

01:24:26.740 --> 01:24:29.720
or see the flash of a
salmon in the water,

01:24:29.720 --> 01:24:33.660
I will know that he is there.

01:24:33.660 --> 01:24:35.850
Dad was never a wealthy man.

01:24:35.850 --> 01:24:38.200
In fact, he was poor as hell.

01:24:38.200 --> 01:24:41.810
But while dying, he said to
me a number of times, David,

01:24:41.810 --> 01:24:44.220
I am so rich.

01:24:44.220 --> 01:24:47.460
In all the time that we spent
together in that last month,

01:24:47.460 --> 01:24:51.880
he never once talked about fancy
clothes, a car, or a house.

01:24:51.880 --> 01:24:53.890
That's just stuff.

01:24:53.890 --> 01:24:58.460
All we talked about were
family, friends, and neighbors,

01:24:58.460 --> 01:25:01.150
and the things that
we did together.

01:25:01.150 --> 01:25:05.420
That was his wealth, his
memories and relationships

01:25:05.420 --> 01:25:07.450
built over a lifetime.

01:25:07.450 --> 01:25:13.000
And in those, he
was truly wealthy.

01:25:13.000 --> 01:25:15.670
Now, my parents, too, are gone.

01:25:15.670 --> 01:25:17.870
And I have become an elder.

01:25:17.870 --> 01:25:22.530
And of course, my mind turns
to thoughts of mortality.

01:25:22.530 --> 01:25:26.290
I hope I can approach my
death with the dignity

01:25:26.290 --> 01:25:29.940
and the acceptance of my father.

01:25:29.940 --> 01:25:34.840
And now, I am uplifted by
the amazing story that is

01:25:34.840 --> 01:25:37.940
emerging from modern science.

01:25:37.940 --> 01:25:41.940
It tells us, from the
moment after the Big Bang,

01:25:41.940 --> 01:25:45.660
there's matter spewed forth
in an expanding universe.

01:25:45.660 --> 01:25:53.780
Every particle exerted a tiny
pull on every other particle.

01:25:53.780 --> 01:25:57.000
The universe is not
mostly empty space.

01:25:57.000 --> 01:26:02.230
It is filled with evanescent
tendrils of attraction

01:26:02.230 --> 01:26:05.410
that some people call love.

01:26:05.410 --> 01:26:10.300
And that attraction is
built into the very fabric

01:26:10.300 --> 01:26:12.260
of the cosmos.

01:26:12.260 --> 01:26:17.940
Science informs us that far, far
away, way out in the boondocks,

01:26:17.940 --> 01:26:22.920
is a very undistinguished
galaxy, the Milky Way.

01:26:22.920 --> 01:26:26.790
And among the billions
of stars in that galaxy,

01:26:26.790 --> 01:26:30.300
our sun is a very ordinary one.

01:26:30.300 --> 01:26:36.010
And on its third planet, Earth,
a mere speck in the heavens,

01:26:36.010 --> 01:26:40.760
life arose in the last quarter
of the cosmos's existence.

01:26:40.760 --> 01:26:47.240
And in the very last moment,
something astonishing happened.

01:26:47.240 --> 01:26:52.750
A creature emerged from nature
endowed with self-awareness,

01:26:52.750 --> 01:26:58.110
dazzling creativity, and a
capacity for love and wonder.

01:26:58.110 --> 01:27:01.250
Gazing out at a chaotic
world, that animal

01:27:01.250 --> 01:27:05.280
imposed order and
meaning in myriad forms

01:27:05.280 --> 01:27:09.950
and brought humanity to
prominence in a cosmic instant.

01:27:09.950 --> 01:27:14.700
We are the planet's most recent
iteration of life's forms,

01:27:14.700 --> 01:27:18.890
an infant species,
but with the precocity

01:27:18.890 --> 01:27:22.740
to see our place in the
cosmos and dream of worlds

01:27:22.740 --> 01:27:24.600
yet to come.

01:27:24.600 --> 01:27:28.640
I believe we are capable
of even greater things,

01:27:28.640 --> 01:27:32.380
to rediscover our
home, to find ways

01:27:32.380 --> 01:27:35.610
to live in balance with
the sacred elements,

01:27:35.610 --> 01:27:40.900
and to create a future rich in
joy, happiness, and meaning,

01:27:40.900 --> 01:27:44.240
that are real wealth.

01:27:44.240 --> 01:27:46.770
I will die before my
grandchildren become

01:27:46.770 --> 01:27:50.180
mature adults and have
their own children.

01:27:50.180 --> 01:27:52.420
But I am filled with hope.

01:27:52.420 --> 01:27:58.520
And I imagine their future rich
in opportunity, beauty, wonder,

01:27:58.520 --> 01:28:01.750
and companionship with
the rest of creation.

01:28:01.750 --> 01:28:06.910
All it takes is the
imagination to dream it

01:28:06.910 --> 01:28:11.260
and the will to make
the dream a reality.

01:28:11.260 --> 01:28:14.310
So let's get on with
making it happen

01:28:14.310 --> 01:28:18.386
and show what our species
is really capable of.

01:28:18.386 --> 01:28:19.260
Thank you.

01:28:19.260 --> 01:28:21.710
[APPLAUSE]

01:28:27.580 --> 01:28:28.080
Thank you.

01:28:28.080 --> 01:28:30.530
[APPLAUSE]

01:28:34.480 --> 01:28:36.390
Thank you very much.

01:28:36.390 --> 01:28:37.890
[CHEERING AND APPLAUSE]

01:28:37.890 --> 01:28:40.348
[MUSIC PLAYING]

01:28:48.290 --> 01:28:48.890
Thank you.

01:28:48.890 --> 01:28:50.390
[CHEERING AND APPLAUSE]

01:28:50.390 --> 01:28:53.440
[MUSIC - ARCADE FIRE,
"NEIGHBORHOOD #1, TUNNELS"]