WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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This is a film about the
right of a people to freedom

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and the power of the human spirit to
resist against overwhelming odds.

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It’s the story of Burma, once
known as the Golden Land.

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On the surface, everything appears serene.
It’s a country of extraordinary beauty

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and gracious people, but Burma
is also a secret Country,

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isolated for the past 34 years since
a brutal dictatorship seized power

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the assault on its people
all but forgotten.

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To tell their story, we
have to go undercover.

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What we found was a land of fear.

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[sil.]

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People who were carrying
the posters and flags,

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they were shot, uh… and then, they
all died, immediately, on the spot.

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[sil.]

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My students were badly tortured and they
were sent to prison for seven years,

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just for singing a freedom song. We want
people’s regime(ph). We want people’s regime.

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Those who have already been in prison,

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they know what it is to like to be in a Burmese prison and
they know that, any day, they are liable to be put back there,

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and yet, they do not give up.

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The generals who crushed democracy in Burma

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have ruled with a regime so harsh,
bloody, and uncompromising.

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But the parallels with Indonesia
and East Timor are striking.

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More than a million people are been forced from
their homes, and according to the United Nations,

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untold thousands have been massacred, tortured,
and subjected to a modern form of slavery.

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Burma says Amnesty International
is a prison without bars.

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In 1988, the year before the
democracy movement in China

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was crushed so publicly in Tiananmen
Square, as many as 10,000 people

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were killed here by their
government in a matter of days.

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The outside world knew little about this, the
difference was the absence of television cameras.

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This film was being made in secret, as
the regime attempts to cover its crimes

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with the help of foreign
investors and by declaring 1996,

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the year of the tourist.

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The history of modern Burma, reaches
back through the Second World War,

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and a hundred years of
British imperial rule.

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With a population of 45 million, it has a
natural wealth, perhaps, unequalled in Asia,

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oil, and, gas, and vast teak forests.

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Renamed Myanmar by its military rulers,

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Burma has been turned into one of the world’s
poorest countries. And as we discovered,

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and we reveal later in this film,
it’s also a country where slave-labor

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and child-labor are common.

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[sil.]

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To the British, who colonized
Burma in the early 19th century,

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the golden land was always a
sideshow, which rule over India.

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However, under a guise of benevolence, familiar
to Indian nationalists, the same myths applied.

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The British were bringing
civilization, not empire building.

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Rudyard Kipling, wrote a famous popular
song that romanticize Mandalay,

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a town he never saw and which was then being stripped
bare of its teak forests, leaving vast dust bowls.

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[sil.]

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Fortunes were owned by the British exporters
of Burma’s rice and precious stones.

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In the 1930s, companies were making
profits of 12 million pounds,

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a huge amount in today’s terms.

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The oil fields became a
byword for expatriate wealth,

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and these interests were
protected by an imperial army.

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[music]

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Person(ph) military mentality is
conditioned by a colonial period.

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It’s like a colonial army occupying the country, they
behave like a corporate body, serving its own interests.

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So they don’t recognize the people’s
representative or the will of the people

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because they themselves, they… they regarded that
separated from and superior to the populace,

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that tradition derived
from colonial period.

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The movement for independence from Britain began
in the 1930s, among the students and monks.

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The national hero, was a
young Army officer Aung San,

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the father of Nobel Peace
Prize winner Suu Kyi.

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During the Second World War,

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Aung San and his comrades exploited the
Japanese occupation to win independence.

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But in 1948, as independence was about to
be granted, Aung San was assassinated.

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His name is revered in Burma, today.

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[sil.]

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What was unique about the movement he began and which
led to democratic governments in the postwar years

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was its quality of Buddhism,
socialism, and democracy.

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The ideas of Marx, Nehru,
and Voltaire were adapted.

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Marx was virtually transformed
into a disciple of Buddha.

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This flowering of democratic socialism
coincided with a period of turmoil,

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as Burma’s ethnic peoples
demanded autonomy.

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But in 1962, the army stepped
in and seized power,

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its leader was a Stalin
like-figure, called Ne Win.

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He ruled the country, like Stalin
ruled Russia through KGB(ph),

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so he set up his intelligence apparatus, you
know, which… he uses his eyes and ears.

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So he sees through the… he see the
country through this apparatus

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so this apparatus become a
government within the government.

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I think he’s a control maniac.

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He’s one of the most extraordinary, contradictory characters
that one could ever come across, one who changed a good deal.

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I think in his earlier
years, he was a playboy.

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In the 60s, he suddenly changed as a result of… of,
perhaps, of his advisors, he changed his old policy,

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and became a, uh… uh… a very
rigorous authoritarian,

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umm… puritanical for other
people, anyway, kind of guy,

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and decided that Burma should be taken away

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from all kinds of foreign influence. That…
that hypocrisy in Ne Win is fascinating

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is because he was the gambler, the man who liked racing and turned up
at Ascot there and then… and then he banned it all for the Burmese.

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Yes, I think he may have got
cheated by a bookie at Ascot.

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[sil.]

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Ne Win imposed a silence on Burma,
he abolished its lively free press

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and a strict censorship control newspapers, radio, books, and
films, isolating one of the most literate societies in Asia.

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The new rules stated, \"Any
incorrect ideas and opinions

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which do not accord with
the times are banned.\"

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These torn and tattered books in a Rangoon market
are the remains of free expression in Burma.

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[sil.]

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Even our filming of them attracted the
attention of military intelligence.

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Of course, rumor has
been impossible to ban,

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especially, when the subject
is the dictator himself.

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When his soothsayer warned him, there might be a
bloodbath, he would stand in front of a mirror,

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and he would trample on dead’s(ph) meat
or something to simulate the blood,

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and then he would shoot himself in
the mirror and having done that

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this would have that the possibility of assassination.
Of all the world’s megalomaniacs, perhaps,

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only Ne Win is ruled by astrology and
superstition. The best example of this

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was the day he bankrupted the population without
warning he cancelled most of Burma’s currency,

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replacing it with banknotes that added
up to or included the figure nine.

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According to his chief astrologer,
nine was his lucky number.

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The Burmese weren’t quite so lucky, as most
people here keep their savings in cash,

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most of them are ruined.

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Burma was now completely impoverished.
People went hungry while their fertile land

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was given the ignominious status
of least developed country.

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Desperate for foreign exchange, the regime forced
Bankrupt farmers into the fields at gunpoint,

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while Ne Win bought properties
in London and Tokyo,

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and made a fortune in precious stones.
The touch paper been lit.

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The frustration that’d
been building for 25 years

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now exploded as the students
took to the streets.

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[sil.]

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It’s just after dawn beside Inya
lake in the center of Rangoon,

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we’re filming this with great
care because even at this hour,

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it’s almost certain, we’re being watched which
is a normal state of affairs for many Burmese.

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This causeway is known as the White Bridge.
On March the 16th, 1988,

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hundreds of schoolchildren and students
marched along it singing the national anthem.

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Then as they looked behind them, they
saw the steel helmets of the army

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and they knew they were trapped. According to
eyewitnesses, the soldiers beat many of them to death

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singling out the girls,

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those who escaped were pursued here into the lake
where they were caught and drowned one by one.

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Other survivors, 42 were
locked in a waiting van

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and left in the noonday heat, well,
all of them suffocated to death.

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In the meantime, fire engines were
brought here to wash away the blood.

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[sil.]

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The government was arresting the students, hundreds
of students uh… all… including the female students.

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So on our way to prison, we were shouting that
we… we were students and we are not criminals,

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they began to torture
and beat the students,

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someone that they took about around 1:00
or 2:00 Am. They came and take one by one.

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And they… they never come back.

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Despite this oppression,

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the people had set up what they call a
parliament of the streets, a free press returned

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with some 40 newspapers and
magazines with titles like

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\"Scoop\", \"New Victory\"
and \"Liberation\" daily.

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Some were printed others photocopied and
handwritten and most were distributed free.

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Making a rare appearance on television,

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Ne Win threatened his people.

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If there are more demonstrations,
the army will shoot to kill.

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It’s now eight minutes
past eight in the morning,

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the people of Burma, chose this time on the
eighth day of the eighth month in 1988,

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to begin one of the most remarkable
popular uprisings in modern times.

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The dock workers were the
first to go on strike

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then in the days and weeks that followed, it seemed that almost
everyone in Burma was showing their defiance and courage

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at least equal to those who
stormed the Berlin Wall.

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The students began its
(inaudible) each group

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uh… came out with a banner saying,
we’re from the uh… doctors,

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we’re from the lawyers and they walked
through the streets shouting various slogans

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of which the most umm… common was, \"This is our
business\", \"The government, this is our business\",

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\"Running the country, this is our business\" which
in Burmese is (inaudible). As tension rose between

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the people and the regime,
they when faced a new opponent

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whose presence in Burma here not
reckoned on Aung San Suu Kyi,

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daughter of the national hero Aung San
returned from her home in England.

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The leaders of the democracy movement
persuaded her to join the struggle

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and at her first appearance in Rangoon, more
than half a million people heard her call

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for the restoration of democracy.

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The people now have a leader. Suu
Kyi had never been a politician,

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but now as a founder of the National League
for Democracy, she called for elections,

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she spoke at rallies
throughout the country.

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In one incident, she came close to assassination when
troops refused to let her pass and threatened to shoot her.

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But every problems arise
are generally created

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because a truck load of armed soldiers come
along and start waving the guns around.

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If the secretary of the local store can order his
men to shoot down people without any real cause,

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it means if there’s something
very wrong with system.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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Despite the massacres in Rangoon,

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still the generals feared Suu Kyi.

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In July, 1989, she was placed under
house arrest in her father’s home,

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3,000 of her party workers
were also arrested.

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With the opposition weakened so they thought, the
generals called elections for the following year.

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But they failed to understand the depth of the country’s
frustration, even sections of the army and police

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who had not been involved in the
killings supported Suu Kyi.

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The National League for Democracy won an overwhelming
victory gaining 82% of the parliamentary seats,

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the generals were stunned and
refused to hand over power.

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But the people’s desire for
freedom could not be smothered.

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The atrocities of 1988,
remained a rallying cry.

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Troops have been shooting people all day, but twice
today, troops came to the hospital demanding

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that they be given the bodies of
the dead and also the wounded,

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when the nurses and the doctors refused saying
that the patients needed for treatment,

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the troops opened fire killing at
least four doctors and eight nurses.

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This is amateur videotape
of Rangoon hospital,

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having banned foreign television, the regime
ordered anyone with a camera to be shot on sight.

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In defiance of this, there was
some courageous reporting.

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On one tape, the voices of two Burmese cameramen
are hurt as soldiers prepared to fire at them.

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\"What should we do?\" asked one of them, to which his
friend replies keep on filming until they shoot us.

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[sil.]

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There was sort of like, u. civil
war inside again, inside a CD and…

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and I could hear all the gun
fire, just sitting in my home.

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The military troops all over Rangoon, they’ve
been shooting all that in this (inaudible).

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[sil.]

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In one point, they didn’t
have enough medicine

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to treat these injured people. So doctors,
and nurses, and medical students decided to…

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to appeal to the military soldiers
not to shoot anymore and…

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and they had a banner, Red Cross
banner writing \"Please stop shooting\".

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And these soldiers even shot inside
the Rangoon General Hospital,

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and there were many people
killed at the time.

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The Generals so feared the power of the
demonstrators that they moved to dispose of them,

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dead or alive in Rangoon cemetery.

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The atrocities even
extended to the crematorium

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were a line of trucks took
the dead and the wounded.

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In fact, my house is quite close to
the crematorium and during that time,

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I heard lot of news that they had
brought a lot of dead bodies

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and some of the bodies and some
of the people even not dead yet,

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and they will cremate it. But at the same
time, I could see the flame coming out from…

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from the cemetery all the time and all the crematorium,
in fact, was surrounded by the military troops.

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So they were burning dead people
and people who were not dead.

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They didn’t even identify the body,

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I mean, not… not to mention to inform the parents. I mean, in fact,
they did it, just brought everybody that they saw on the street.

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[music]

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Suu Kyi remained a prisoner for six years
alone in this house on University Avenue.

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She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Her whispered name became a byword

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and people would pass her
House just to be reassured by

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the sound of her playing her piano.

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Last year she was finally released. Though
today, she is still denied freedom of movement.

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As this film goes to where her husband
Michael Aris and their two sons in England

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have again been refused
permission to visit her.

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Early one Saturday morning, David
Munro and I went to see her,

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
our cameras concealed from the military intelligence
guards who continue to watch her every move.

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What were the most difficult
times that to you personally

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during your house arrest? Umm… there were… there
were times when I was worried for my colleagues

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and there were times when I
worried for our people out there

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when they seem to be undergoing a lot of oppression.
Umm… And then I worried about my sons very much

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because the… the young one was only 12,

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and he had to be put into boarding school so of
course, naturally, I worried about these things.

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But then I would always remind myself that those
families of my colleagues are far worse off

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because those of my colleagues
who were put in prison in Burma,

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their families were also insecure. Were you able
to stay in touch with Michael during that time?

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
Not throughout that time, there were
times when we were out of touch.

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
For… for how long, was the… was the…? I think the
longest period was for about two years and four months

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
or five months something like that. No
letters or anything during that time? Yeah.

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
No… no letters from the children? No. Got
through. I would try to imagine being you

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
and surrounded by hostile uh… force

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
uh… cut off from your family, your
colleagues, and comrades and friends,

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
weren’t there times when you
were actually terrified?

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
No, because I didn’t feel hostile towards them,
this is what people don’t seem to understand…

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
uh… they… they say, well, you had… you
must have been terrified, but why?

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
I didn’t feel hostile towards the… the
guards or the soldiers surrounding me

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
and I think uh… fear comes out of
hostility. Hmm… you and your people

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
uh… at present up against quite
uncompromising and brute power,

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
how can you reclaim the democracy

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
that you wanna ballot box, uh…
with that power confronting you?

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
I don’t think we’re the first people who have
had to face an uncompromising and brutal power.

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
But the question is… In the quest for… …is most
difficult one, isn’t it? In the quest for freedom

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
and basic human rights. I think we depend

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
chiefly on our own people on the will
of our own people for democracy.

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
But it still comes down to on one side,

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
there is a power that has all the guns. But
increasingly, I think it is getting more difficult

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
in this world to resolve
problems through military means.

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
It is no longer acceptable, I do not think
the ASEAN countries themselves would accept

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
a military solution to the problem in Burma and the
fact that the authorities themselves are so keen

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
on attacking us and their
papers seem to indicate

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
that they also are not
depending on guns alone.

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:28.000
[sil.]

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
This is the death row way of World War II,

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
carved through the Burmese jungle by the
Japanese at the cost of 16,000 allied lives,

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
one life it is said for every sleeper.

00:26:55.000 --> 00:27:03.000
[sil.]

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
For the men who built
this railway and survived

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.999
believing their horror would never happen
again, there is a terrible irony here.

00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
[sil.]

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
During last year’s 50th anniversary
celebrations of victory over the Japanese,

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
I remember the Burmese being mentioned
just once in the television coverage,

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
an ex-serviceman was asked by a reporter,

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
\"What about the Burmese\"? and he replied that
they had vanished when the Japanese invaded.

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
In fact, more than a 100,000 Burmese and other Asian
prisoners also died building the death railway.

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
If the British army in Burma
was a forgotten army,

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
then the people over whose land
it fought were invisible victims,

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
and that remains true today
as history repeat itself.

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
This is the regime’s great secret,

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
an extension of the death railway
linking the towns of Ye and Tavoy.

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
Once again, it’s being built with slave labor
in an area where foreigners are banned.

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:30.000
Under the noses of the guards we
filmed it for the first time.

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
It is been estimated that more than
200,000 people have been forced

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
to build this railway of whom up to
300 have been killed or have died

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
from disease and exhaustion,

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:30.000
the democracy movement have tried to video
evidence of this, sometimes with tragic results.

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:15.000
[sil.]

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
[sil.]

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
A report by the American State
Department says the Burmese regime

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
routinely uses forced labor and that this
railway will transport soldiers and supplies

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
into the area where a billion dollar gas
pipeline is being built for the regime

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
by the French oil company, Total, which
is part owned by the French government

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
and the American company Unocal.

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
The children here are being forced to
work in temperatures of 35° centigrade,

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
they carry heavy loads
of clay on their heads.

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
This girl fell back exhausted
holding a disjointed shoulder.

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:33.000
[sil.]

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
This boy is 10 years old,

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
he has this job because he is small enough to
fit in the hole directly beneath the grinder.

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
But as we discovered, it’s
highly dangerous work.

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
[sil.]

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
The children are forced to make bricks for the army who
then sell them back to the railway construction company.

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:13.000
[sil.]

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
This load of clay as heavy as wet cement

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
almost buried the boy, we stopped
filming and quickly pulled him free,

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
the other children would not have
had the strength to save him,

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
how many we wondered die like this?

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:58.000
[sil.]

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
More than half the national budget of Burma goes
on the army, guns and the means of oppression,

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
of it paid for with foreign exchange.

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
To the generals in Rangoon,
tourism provides this money

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
along with the dubious respectability
as foreigners are carefully guided

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
to the country’s magnificent,
silent monuments.

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:38.000
[sil.]

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
Yes, that is high as eagles(ph).

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
I know this is in parapets, but
I have long legs than you do.

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
Thank you.

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
Oh, it’s fabulous… It is.

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
Denis, (inaudible), good technique.

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
[sil.]

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
Are you watching me, this
is the way to go down.

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
I’m gonna get you, hand
out to the way down…

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
How did you come d0wn? (inaudible) support.

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
Just follow me if you fall, I’ll stop you.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
Bro, you screwed up. These
tourists are on a way

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
but the local people they meet risk
imprisonment if they speak too freely to them,

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
now soldiers says the minister of
tourism are here to protect you.

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
[sil.]

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
The British built this guest house, around the time that
Rudyard Kipling was writing \"The Road To Mandalay\",

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
I wonder if you’d recognize the Burma of his dreams,
today, according to the regime in the year of the tourist

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
and I quote \"Roads will be
wider, lights will be brighter,

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
grass will be greener, and
tours will be cleaner\",

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
pick up a travel brochure these days for many of the
famous names British Airways, Kuoni, Orient Express

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
and you would be pardoned for thinking that the
same Ministry of Propaganda supplied the copy,

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
for example, \"To find an unspoiled
country today may seem impossible,

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
but Burma is such a place
indeed Rangoon means

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
’end of strife’, it’s easy to
see why, it’s easy going ways

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:45.000
are a tonic to the Western traveler\".

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
It’s a tonic that doesn’t come cheap in
one of the world’s poorest countries.

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
A cruise up the Irrawaddy to Mandalay will cost you more than 2,000
pounds for just 11 days. However, there is a Kipling piano bar

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
and it says here on suite cabins
that are not just simply luxurious

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
but include the latest satellite TV, video,

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
and your own personal safe.

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
And in the evenings, gentleman will feel relaxed
in a jacket and tie and ladies in a dress,

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
what sound advice and that’s not
all, there’s a free lecture

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
on Burma’s history and culture. But
you don’t get this in the lecture,

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
these are prisoners restoring the moat
of the Imperial Palace in Mandalay

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
in preparation for the year of the tourist,
the regime says they are criminals.

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
In a country where writing a poem or
singing a song calling for democracy

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
can get you 10 years hard labor.
And here is the moat finished,

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
all it needs is tourists.

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
Brian Whittaker an Australian lawyer witnessed
slave labor when he and his wife Jacqueline,

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
flew into a new tourist airport
in the north of Burma.

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
We heard the clinking of
chains and we went outside

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
and noticed about 30 people
crushing rock by hand,

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
and one of them raised his prison uniform
at the legs to display manacles,

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
which were running across his ankles.

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
He then quietly lifted his shirt, which
showed the chain around his waist

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
and from my memory he also had
a manacle around his neck

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
and one of the officials informed us that
the prisoners were political prisoners.

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
He told you they were political prisoners?

00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
Yes, very explicitly said that they’re political
prisoners. The Burmese government uh… have said,

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
uh… when questioned about this
by human rights organizations

00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.999
that this is a traditional voluntary
form of labor. That’s rubbish.

00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
It’s, it was clearly not voluntary.
You don’t volunteer to crush rock,

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
dressed in… thread(ph) be uniform
in the freezing cold with chains,

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
all of your body and standing under guard.

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
I’m familiar with the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights and I believe that what I observed

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
was a clear breach of the provisions
and the articles relating to

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
forcible work and Slavery. Forced
labor goes on all over the country

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
but a lot of these projects are aimed
at the tourist trade, tourist industry.

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
They’re meant for tourists
building roads, building bridges,

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
so we do not think that it’s a good
idea to promote, visit Myanmar in 1996,

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
which is not to say that tourists would stay away forever
from Burma, after all Burma will be always be here

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
and one day when it’s a democratic Burma.
I think it will be a place

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
that tourists would enjoy visiting and how they
need not have any qualms about visiting it.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
These prisoners are preparing a
tourist attraction in Mandalay,

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
the actual road to
Mandalay has recently been

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
converted to an expressway. For the
local people forced to work on it,

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
it’s known as the road of no return. According
to Amnesty, two workers who tried to escape

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
were executed by soldiers on the
spot one was hacked to death.

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:33.000
[sil.]

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
Mr. Sherwood, last year
uh… your company signed

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
a deal for $35 million
with the Burmese regime,

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
what does that involve? Well, it’s basically
an investment in ships and shore facilities

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
for the development of
river, uh… tourism in Burma?

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
Did you consider all the implications of

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
Burma’s rather appalling record as
far as human rights are concerned

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
before you went in with this project?
Well, I… I did

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
and I’ve will tried to investigate these
allegations about human rights infringements,

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
it’s very hard to… to pin them down, people
make these accusations or allegations,

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
I immediately try to see if
there’s any proof to them,

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
I can’t find it but of course I except
that I uh….. cannot visit all of Burma…

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
I… my visits are limited to
the principal cities so…

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
so perhaps that’s umm… umm… out of sight,

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
out of mind attitude, so I… I can’t… I can’t
speak any further than my personal knowledge.

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
Did you made really any attempt before you
invested in Burma to see this other side.

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
Well, what I did do was that
I’ve contacted the senior CIA,

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
uh… representative for Burma and

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
umm… I had extensive discussions about
the truth of all of these allegations

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
and he confirmed to me that, uh… that
they were all untrue or at the degree

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
that they occurred they were
related to the drugs war so umm…

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
They… so they are not allegations, I mean,
here that there… I mean, you would think

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
that the United Nations,
amnesty, Human Rights watch

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
uh… uh… the United States government,
United States State Department say

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
for instance, forced labor is routine in
Burma. Umm… I don’t think these all come

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
into the realm of allegations. There’s a
great deal of substance there is surely.

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
Well, perhaps you… you can say so but I don’t
have any personal evidence of it. I… umm…

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
Did you see the… the elected
leader of the country,

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
Aung San Suu Kyi, when you were there?
No, I didn’t, no.

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
I think it would be inappropriate
or untactful for us

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
to open a dialogue with
the opposition leader uh…

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
But she’s the elected leader and some would say that the
people uh… the generals that you saw are the opposition.

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
Umm… I Believe that the
generals are in power.

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
The general’s power is
backed by foreign money.

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
One estimate is that, since
it crushed democracy in 1990,

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
the Burmese regime has drawn 65% of its
financial support from oil companies.

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
The main backers are the French company
Total and its American partner Unocal,

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
the oil pipeline they are
building in the south of Burma

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
will allow the generals to sell the
country’s natural gas to Thailand.

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
The deal will give them an estimated $400
million dollars a year over 30 years.

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
[sil.]

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
And the British are back, last December,
a London Chamber of Commerce,

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
seminar was told about the real
visionaries in the Burmese government

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
and in the House of Commons, the
Foreign Office minister Jeremy Hanley,

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
made this remarkable statement through commercial
contacts with democratic nations such as Britain,

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
the Burmese people will gain
experience of democratic principles,

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
of course, just as the peoples
of Saudi Arabia, Iraq,

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
Iran, Indonesia and all the
other modern tyrannies

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
have gained experience of the
Democratic virtues of British business.

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
If the opposite wasn’t
true, this would be funny.

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
We repeatedly asked ministers of the Foreign Office and the
Department of Trade in London, to be interviewed for this film

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
but they refused, so did
the Burmese embassy.

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
We can reveal that one British company
that did trade with the Rangoon regime

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
was the Arms Company BMARC…
BMARC was a subsidiary of ASTRA

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
whose chairman was Gerald James.

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
It became apparent as we investigated
BMARC’s of us after we took it over.

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
They… they were running in secret old book and also conducting
other covert operations on behalf of the intelligence community.

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
What evidence do you have that

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
umm… that BMARC did ship arms to Burma? Well,
here… here you have a list with several countries

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
on including uh… Burma. And
what is this document?

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
Well, that document emerged when under great pressure,
the receiver was forced as(ph) Richard Scott,

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
who threatened him of the court order
to disclose information to me.

00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
So this is… this, in fact, it’s a by
product of the Scott investigation?

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
That’s correct. Yeah, I see the
sales to Burma were in 1990

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
that was two years after the
military regime cracked down there

00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
and so arms arriving at that time
would have been quite significant?

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
Yes, our… our Astra (inaudible)
would have been very significant.

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
But the British government have made clear
since 1988, that they would not grant licenses

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
for the export of arms to Burma.

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
Yes, I mean, the British umm… government denied a lot of uh…
things but in the end, it’s turned out to be a pack of lies.

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
Like Britain and America,

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
Australia has pursued a double face policy while
the government condemned human rights abuses

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
the former Prime Minister Bob Hawke,
led a trade mission to Rangoon.

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
We had been uniformly impressed by the
competence, knowledge, and commitment

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
of these ministers and their associates
to the economic development of Myanmar

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
as I basis for the national and political
advancement of the people of their country.

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
I think if you investigate the situation, you
will find that the so-called open market economy

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
that exists at this moment is only
open to some and not to everybody.

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
Yes, the other day another Australian
politician Mr. Fischer said

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
that Burma is heading towards democracy,
therefore, investment is absolutely justifiable

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
I mean, what… what do you say uh… people like
this. Well, an investment is not justifiable now

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
but I am convinced that Burma
is heading for democracy

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
because of what the people want and because of
what all those who want democracy are doing

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
and not… not because of the investors
investing or for any other reason.

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
Japan is another big investor, playing its part as
the Japanese National Broadcasting Company NHK,

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
which is proud of its impartiality.

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
NHK owns some of the only TV
film of the killings in 1988.

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
When we asked to purchase this,
we got the following reply,

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
\"Unfortunately, it is NHK’s policy that
the footage showing the Burmese army,

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
shooting citizens who demonstrated
cannot be used by anybody in the world

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
because it’s too delicate and might
threaten Myanmar’s stability.

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
Please erase the material in your library. I
appreciate your understanding the situation.\"

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:18.000
[sil.]

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
With our film smuggled out, we flew to Thailand and crossed
the Burmese border into a liberated area held by the Karen,

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
one of Burma’s ethnic peoples,
who’d been fighting for autonomy

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
for more than 40 years.

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
The presence of these undefeated people,
enjoying a guarded freedom in their own land,

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
demonstrates that until there is democracy

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
and perhaps a federation of all of Burma’s
peoples, there will never be peace.

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
When I asked people in Rangoon,

00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
if 1988, could happen again, if
there could be another uprising.

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
I was told this, \"Imagine a zebra crossing,

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
the traffic never seems to stop for the
pedestrians one or two that have crossed,

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
the majority waiting patiently at
the curb, then they surge across

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
until the traffic has lost all
its power, we the Burmese people

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
are back at the curb now
waiting impatiently.

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
[sil.]

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
In many ways, Burma is typical of poor
countries where foreign investment and tourism

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
have become the triggers for so-called
development and economic growth,

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
what this usually means is that those at the top
get rich while the majority end up in sweatshops

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
and that autocrats and dictators gain a false
respectability by embracing the so-called free market.

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
In Asia, the result of this
is a vast expanding pool

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
of cheap labor from China to Indonesia

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
and now with the prospect of Burma undercutting them
all, this is another side of the Asian economic miracle

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.999
that you seldom read about
on the business pages

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
backed by the power of foreign capital and the power of
tourism, it gives a gloss to essentially brutal policies,

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
in other words it
normalizes the unspeakable.

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
This was how the apartheid regime in South
Africa lasted for as long as it did,

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
sanctions, not profits
help to bring it down.

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
At the height of their epic struggle in 1988, the
people of Burma produced a genuine, popular democracy,

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
then legalized it with
an overwhelming vote,

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
for this act of principle and courage, they
paid a terrible price, they deserve more

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:50.000
than our complicity and silence.