WEBVTT

00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:38.000
[sil.]

00:00:50.000 --> 00:00:54.999
They sense that what had
happened was irrevocable.

00:00:55.000 --> 00:00:59.999
[sil.]

00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:04.999
It would prove that man, the human
species, we in short had the potential

00:01:05.000 --> 00:01:09.999
to construct an infinity enormity of pain and
that pain is the only force created from nothing.

00:01:10.000 --> 00:01:14.999
It is enough not to see, not to listen,

00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:19.999
not to act. Primo Levi, * survivor.

00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:28.000
[music]

00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:53.000
[music]

00:02:40.000 --> 00:02:48.000
[sil.]

00:03:25.000 --> 00:03:29.999
I like to come here to remember
those who have disappeared.

00:03:30.000 --> 00:03:34.999
I lost 86 members of my
family, how could I forget?

00:03:35.000 --> 00:03:43.000
[sil.]

00:03:55.000 --> 00:03:59.999
It was a Sunday night,

00:04:00.000 --> 00:04:04.999
they began setting fire to the huts next
to ours. People arrived to warn us.

00:04:05.000 --> 00:04:09.999
They have started killing Tutsi.
I stayed home with my family.

00:04:10.000 --> 00:04:14.999
We were very frightened.

00:04:15.000 --> 00:04:19.999
[sil.]

00:04:20.000 --> 00:04:24.999
[non-English narration]

00:04:25.000 --> 00:04:29.999
Hutu youth, what they call the
militia, arrived with sticks,

00:04:30.000 --> 00:04:34.999
knifes, machetes, traditional weapons.

00:04:35.000 --> 00:04:39.999
They ordered, all you Tutsi must leave
here right away or you will be killed.

00:04:40.000 --> 00:04:44.999
So many of us abandoned our home.

00:04:45.000 --> 00:04:49.999
[sil.]

00:04:50.000 --> 00:04:54.999
Because we\'re Catholics, we
decided to come to this church.

00:04:55.000 --> 00:05:03.000
[sil.]

00:05:25.000 --> 00:05:29.999
The following Thursday,

00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:34.999
someone arrived saying to our priest, \"Father, a Hutu
friend warned me that all Tutsi will be killed.\"

00:05:35.000 --> 00:05:39.999
Don\'t you think you should
escape by boat, those are here?\"

00:05:40.000 --> 00:05:44.999
But the priest replied

00:05:45.000 --> 00:05:49.999
\"I\'m the Sheppard of this flock. I can\'t abandon
the people who have taken refuge here.\"

00:05:50.000 --> 00:05:54.999
If they have a chance to survive,
I will survive with them.

00:05:55.000 --> 00:05:59.999
I can\'t abandon a flock of
9,000 people just like that,

00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:04.999
it would be shameful.\"

00:06:05.000 --> 00:06:09.999
So he remained here to
pray with the people.

00:06:10.000 --> 00:06:18.000
[music]

00:06:25.000 --> 00:06:29.999
On Sunday morning the 17th at about 10:00,

00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:34.999
suddenly there were soldiers and militia men everywhere.
Some were wearing berets of the MRND Party,

00:06:35.000 --> 00:06:39.999
other had covered their faces with banana leaves
and grass, so they couldn\'t be recognized.

00:06:40.000 --> 00:06:48.000
[sil.]

00:06:50.000 --> 00:06:54.999
They grew grenades and
opened fire on a church.

00:06:55.000 --> 00:07:03.000
[music]

00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:14.999
[non-English narration]

00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:19.999
You didn\'t know when it would be your
turn to die. Lord, he\'s fell on top of me

00:07:20.000 --> 00:07:24.999
but I managed to stay on me.
Then they came in teargas,

00:07:25.000 --> 00:07:29.999
which stinks your eyes and makes it hard to
breathe. They ordered the survivors to come out.

00:07:30.000 --> 00:07:38.000
[sil.]

00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:44.999
My wife went out with them, but my grenade
killed my youngest son right beside me.

00:07:45.000 --> 00:07:53.000
[non-English narration]

00:07:55.000 --> 00:07:59.999
My wife went out and they hacked
her to death with a machete.

00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:04.999
They cut off her two legs and arms, that\'s
how she died. I lay buried under the bodies.

00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:13.000
[sil.]

00:08:15.000 --> 00:08:19.999
We managed to hide here for a week,

00:08:20.000 --> 00:08:24.999
at night we crawled out
to find drinking water.

00:08:25.000 --> 00:08:33.000
[sil.] People armed with guns were patrolling
the lake in boats to prevent anyone

00:08:35.000 --> 00:08:39.999
from trying to swim away.
Bodies floated in the lake.

00:08:40.000 --> 00:08:44.999
[sil.]

00:08:45.000 --> 00:08:49.999
[non-English narration]

00:08:50.000 --> 00:08:54.999
I remember clearly that there
were many infants on that hill.

00:08:55.000 --> 00:08:59.999
They cried all night. We went to get them.

00:09:00.000 --> 00:09:04.999
It was cold. It rained at night. So we went to get
those babies and brought them here out of the rain,

00:09:05.000 --> 00:09:09.999
but near the door because inside
there was a terrible stanchion.

00:09:10.000 --> 00:09:14.999
We were hoping that by chance some kind
soul would pass by and save those children.

00:09:15.000 --> 00:09:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:09:20.000 --> 00:09:28.000
[sil.]

00:09:35.000 --> 00:09:39.999
But the militia men returned
to look for survivors.

00:09:40.000 --> 00:09:44.999
They picked up the babies by the legs and banged
them against the wall, that\'s how they died.

00:09:45.000 --> 00:09:53.000
[sil.]

00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:39.999
[sil.]

00:10:40.000 --> 00:10:44.999
They came here to kill

00:10:45.000 --> 00:10:49.999
on April 18th after the church. We had already
learned about the massacre at the church.

00:10:50.000 --> 00:10:58.000
[sil.]

00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:04.999
There were lots of people here,
8,000 Tutsi, including children,

00:11:05.000 --> 00:11:09.999
all of us were afraid.

00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:15.000
[sil.]

00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:24.999
[non-English narration]

00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:29.999
Police came, customs officers,

00:11:30.000 --> 00:11:34.999
prison guards, they had access to weapon.

00:11:35.000 --> 00:11:39.999
First they used bullets, then grenades,
which they lobed into crowd.

00:11:40.000 --> 00:11:44.999
[non-English narration]

00:11:45.000 --> 00:11:49.999
They were so many of us here.

00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:54.999
They took position on each side of the stadium
which is like a valley ring by hills.

00:11:55.000 --> 00:11:59.999
Then they opened fire.

00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:04.999
It lasted all day, Monday the 18th.

00:12:05.000 --> 00:12:09.999
But there were so many people, they
couldn\'t kill all of us in one day.

00:12:10.000 --> 00:12:18.000
[sil.]

00:12:50.000 --> 00:12:55.000
[sil.]

00:13:05.000 --> 00:13:13.000
[sil.]

00:13:50.000 --> 00:13:54.999
[sil.]

00:13:55.000 --> 00:13:59.999
a leg there… She was torn to pieces.
You couldn\'t even recognize her face.

00:14:00.000 --> 00:14:04.999
Nothing but a mass of meat and blood.

00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:13.000
[sil.]

00:14:50.000 --> 00:14:54.999
Looking around me, I can still
see all that human blood.

00:14:55.000 --> 00:14:59.999
So many people died right here.

00:15:00.000 --> 00:15:04.999
Blood flowed like a river, a red
river right in this very spot.

00:15:05.000 --> 00:15:09.999
[non-English narration]

00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:14.999
Look at those benches, how
they have turned black,

00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:19.999
they haven\'t aged, that\'s dried blood.

00:15:20.000 --> 00:15:24.999
They began to clean the church

00:15:25.000 --> 00:15:29.999
but it can\'t be cleaned.
They tried to clean up here,

00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:34.999
so that the international
community wouldn\'t see the blood.

00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:39.999
But you can\'t just get rid of blood like that.
Blood is thick. It sticks to everything.

00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:44.999
[non-English narration]

00:15:45.000 --> 00:15:53.000
[music]

00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:05.000
[sil.]

00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:24.999
[sil.]

00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:29.999
Before this, we live together in harmony.
There was racism.

00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:34.999
We lived and worked together. Our
boys and girls intermarried.

00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:39.999
But afterwards, our paths split.

00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:48.000
[sil.]

00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:09.999
[non-English narration]

00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:14.999
People were getting a lot of propaganda and
then they began killing their Tutsi brothers.

00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:19.999
It was planned in secret.

00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:24.999
How else do you explain that
all the young Interahamwe,

00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:29.999
the militia in Kibuye and
other places had grenades?

00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:34.999
[non-English narration]

00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:39.999
Weapons were distributed in secret.

00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:45.000
It all started at the blow of the whistle.

00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:24.999
It was all planned. The prefects and buses

00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:29.999
to bring all the Tutsi here into the stadium,
in order to facilitate their mass murder.

00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:38.000
[sil.]

00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:44.999
The day they killed at the stadium,

00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:49.999
those who got away, sported the
prefect among the killers.

00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:54.999
He was actually the one
who fired the first shot.

00:19:55.000 --> 00:20:00.000
So you see the whole thing
was planned in advance.

00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
He was a doctor.

00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
[non-English narration]

00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
Imagine, a doctor who picks
up a gun, a machete,

00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
it\'s unthinkable. I repeat,
it was planned in advance.

00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
There were Tutsi in the police force.

00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
They were eliminated very early on the 7th.
I heard this from a Tutsi who escaped

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
and took refuge in the
compounds over there.

00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
Unfortunately, he was eventually murdered. Why do
you think they started by killing these policemen?

00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:50.000
It was part of the plan.

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:18.000
[sil.]

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
We couldn\'t think clearly,
we had lost our minds,

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
we weren\'t even afraid to die. We
only felt sorry for those who wept.

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
Our minds were vacuum.

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
The next week,

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
they began to remove the bodies for burial.

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
We realized our turn would soon
come, so we escaped (inaudible)

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
to Idjwi Island.

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:38.000
[sil.]

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
[non-English narration]

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
When I got back to Kabgayi, the first
thing that struck me was the silence.

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:23.000
[sil.]

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
You could hear the sound
of your own footsteps.

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
It was as if your feet were
disturbing the deadly silence.

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
[non-English narration]

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
The second thing which hit
me perhaps the worst,

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
was the stench of rotten bodies.

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
And the houses of Kabgayi

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
and the Diocese residences,
there were bodies.

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
There were kingy commune about 500
or more people had been massacred,

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
the stench was unbearable but
the sight was even horrifying.

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
[non-English narration]

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
Some corpses were still moving.

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
I managed to recognize certain people I
knew. A dead baby floated on the water,

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
it was unspeakable.

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:35.000
[sil.]

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
Things will never be the same again,
because people are not the same.

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
We have changed forever.

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:50.000
In Rwanda, nobody will
ever be the same again.

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:08.000
[non-English narration]

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
Christians killed Christians, I saw it with
my own eyes. People who had been baptized

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
had forgotten the meaning
of brotherly love.

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
[non-English narration]

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
Early on I had a premonition

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
that something was about to happen. I
gave a speech on December 10th 1993,

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
to representatives of the
International Community,

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
ambassadors, church officials,
intellectuals, ministers and their likes.

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
I told the audience, gentlemen, rumor has it that
bodies have been found in the streets of Kigali,

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
it was clear people were being killed. I added, they
say it\'s the work of a fringe element out of control,

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
but that\'s not the truth.
If you scratch the surface,

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
you will discover that killers are very well
controlled by the army and the authorities.

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
I appealed publicly for national
and international intervention.

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
Please act before it\'s too late or this country will
drown in its own blood. Unfortunately I was right.

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:28.000
[music]

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
Rwanda was certainly not a
paradise at the end of 80s.

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
Juvénal Habyarimana, who had taken
power in the military coup,

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
had been in power for 18 years
and had become increasingly

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
focused on his own interest, the
interest of his own family,

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
the people from his own immediate region.

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
Power was very much concentrated in this small group
around the president, which, which unlike all Akazu,

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
the little house. They were almost
exclusive Hutu from the North West

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
and people who had this incredible
desire to hold on to power.

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
When Habyarimana took power, he
established a political party

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
uh… which was interestingly
enough not called a party,

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
but called a movement. And
the distinction there being

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
that a party might be something one
could choose to join or not join,

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
but the movement was something that
everyone participated in from birth on.

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
You were a member of the MRND,
there was no choice about it.

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
[sil.]

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
People were obliged to attend sessions of (inaudible), a client of
public propaganda session in praise of the party and the president.

00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
[sil.]

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
It was a highly organized system.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
And the lowest rung of the
administrative structure was known as

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
the (inaudible), the person who is in-charge
of 10 household. Once the genocide began,

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
the (inaudible) becomes
an important figure.

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
[sil.]

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
The level of control uh… was so intense
that it was difficult of escape.

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
Uh… You have to… you have to imagine
a situation where one person

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
for every 10 houses is keeping
an eye on what\'s going on.

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
Uh… It\'s very difficult especially
in a… in a small community like this

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
where everyone knows everyone else. For example,
for a stranger to enter into the community

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
and not be known to this uh…
to this (inaudible) figure.

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
And when it came time to organize
people to go out, work on barriers

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
or to participate in the patrols, the
(inaudible) the first level of organization.

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:13.000
[sil.]

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:25.000
Long live Kagame! Long live Kagame!
Long live the RPF!

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
On October 1st 1990,

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
the leaders of Rwandan Patriotic
Front finally decided to go to war.

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
The attack was seen as an invasion

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
by Tutsi who wanted to regain power.

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
[sil.]

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
I don\'t think there was any
justification for war,

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
that the aim was to dismantle the system.
Well, it was already falling apart.

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
[non-English narration]

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
An armed invasion wasn\'t needed. President
Habyarimana already felt his grip slipping.

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:48.000
[non-English narration]

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
I believe the system could have been changed
peacefully without resorting to violence.

00:31:55.000 --> 00:32:00.000
[non-English narration]

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
The RPF developed out of the Tutsi refugee
community, particularly in Uganda.

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
Most of them decedents of people who had
been forced out of Rwanda at the time

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
of revolution in 1959. They had
spent up to 30 years in exile

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
and they wanted to go home.

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
They put together

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
a force of about 7,000. Many
(inaudible) the Ugandan army

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
who deserted a mass to follow their
Rwanda officers south across

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
the boarder invading Rwanda.

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
Because the RPF was so largely

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
Tutsi dominated organization,
the opportunity to use

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
the Tutsi population within
the country as a scapegoat,

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:05.000
uh… seemed too tempting to ignore.

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
[music]

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
Tutsi thirst for blood and power.
These are the Hutu Ten Commandments.

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
Any Hutu man is a traitor
who marries a Tutsi,

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
as a Tutsi mistress, secretary or protégée,

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
every Hutu should know that
every Tutsi cheats in business.

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
The Rwandan army must be pure Hutu.
No soldier must take a Tutsi wife.

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
Hutu must unite against
their common Tutsi enemy.

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
Hutu must never feel sorry for Tutsi.

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
[non-English narration]

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
At that time the enemy
consisted of the descendents

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
of Tutsi refugees living outside Rwanda.

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
They are so called accomplices inside the country,
as well as those Hutu opposed to the president.

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:18.000
[non-English narration]

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
As things evolved, anyone who didn\'t agree with the
Habyarimana clan, came to perceived as the enemy.

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
It was as simple as that. If
you didn\'t agree with him,

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
you would either RPF or an accomplice,
which boiled out to the same thing.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
[music]

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
The invasion of the RPF gave
Habyarimana an opportunity

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
to make uh… much more dramatic
plea for foreign assistance.

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
The army of Rwanda

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
was very small, fewer than 10,000 men.

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
He had expanded quite rapidly until it
reached a size of some 35 to 40,000 men.

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:10.000
[music]

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
The French played a role in
training these soldiers.

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
There were also arms to
leave it by the French.

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
[sil.]

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
Now that the position of the French
uh… in some cases at least has been,

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
\"We did not provide the weapons for the
genocide. People were killed with machetes.\"

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
It\'s important to… to address that.

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
Perhaps the majority of victims
uh… were killed by machetes.

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
But a crucial element
in every large massacre

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
was the presence of soldiers
or police armed with guns.

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
And it was the guns and the
grenades which always gave

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
the attackers the edge necessary to

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
uh… to breakdown the
resistance of the people

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
uh… in… in the churches and…
and other large groups.

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
So the use of firearms was crucial
to the success of the genocide,

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:30.000
even if uh… many victims
were not killed by gunfire.

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
[non-English narration]

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
They created the youth wing of the MRND.

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
These guys were trained like commandoes.

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
They learn to kill with their bare
hands, to use rope to strangle,

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
the way the military does.

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
They also have silent weapons,

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
machetes and knifes with long blades

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
and they knew how to handle them.

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
We stand together to sing your praises…

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:48.000
- MRND youth!

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:20.000
[sil.]

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
The (inaudible), the militia

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
had stored large numbers of weapons
and had engaged in training

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
some 1700 young men who were
stationed in different parts

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
of the city of Kigali.

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
According the person who had trained
them, they had a capacity to kill

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
up to a 1,000 Tutsi every 20 minutes.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:08.000
[sil.]

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:38.000
[sil.]

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
I think Bugesera was the beginning. The
militia was extremely strong there and fast.

00:39:55.000 --> 00:40:03.000
[sil.]

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
[non-English narration]

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
On March the 3rd, 1992,

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
the journalist (inaudible) read a
statement on Radio Rwanda about

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
a plan to use Tutsi women to
murder Hutu political leaders.

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
One week later, Bugesera was in flames.

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:38.000
[sil.]

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
What happened there, established the
pattern for the future genocide.

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
The same method was used.

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
Houses were burnt,

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
cattle and other animals
killed and the people,

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
even babies and old women systematically
murdered, no one was spared.

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
They used machetes,

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
clubs, spares, drowned
victims in public latrines,

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
this was exactly what we saw during
the genocide, except in Kigali,

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
they used grenades and other
methods as well. But in Bugesera,

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:30.000
they used mainly machetes,
clubs, and latrines.

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
The Arusha Accord were very favorable

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
to the RPF.

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
The agreement made the
president into a figurehead,

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
it essentially striped
him of any real power.

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
The two armies would be integrated.

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
The RPF had 40% of the
ordinary ranked soldiers

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
and 50% of the (inaudible). This was simple
too much for the hard-line just to swallow.

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
The idea of a larger scale

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
genocide of an actual massacre of
all Tutsi, probably moved into

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
the real operational stage
after the Arusha Accord.

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
Even in signing them,
Habyarimana and his group

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
had decided that these accords
could never be enforced.

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
But they… they could never,
could never be executed.

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
But having signed them, they
could use this as a further goat

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
towards the movement of… of Hutu power, uh…

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
because they could then use
this an argument. You see they…

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
they have taken so much, they will become so
dominant that we… we need to resist them.

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:40.000
[music]

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:08.000
[music]

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:23.000
[sil.]

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:55.000
[sil.]

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:08.000
[sil.]

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:38.000
[sil.]

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:58.000
[sil.]

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:38.000
[sil.]

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
In the 60s my father was a policeman.
He was fired because he was Tutsi.

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
They didn\'t want any Tutsi in
the national police force.

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
[non-English narration]

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
Tutsi were deported to Bugesera,

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
it was like a jungle. The government

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
was sure we\'d all die in this region.
My parents joined those

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
Tutsi already deported. They
started to clear the forest,

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
plant the fields and raised livestock.

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:38.000
[sil.]

00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
Here\'s a letter addressed to my little
sister. My brother\'s drivers license.

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
There\'s also an old prayer book

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
that belonged to my father.

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
[non-English narration]

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
My mother\'s and father\'s
birth certificates.

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
Each and everyone were murdered.

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
It\'s very painful.

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
It reminds of our life
together as a family.

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
[non-English narration]

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
It\'s so difficult because
there is no one left.

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
The house is in ruins.

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
It hurts.

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
[sil.]

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:08.000
[music]

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:23.000
[sil.]

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:58.000
[non-English narration]

00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:10.000
[sil.]

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:25.000
[sil.]

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:40.000
[sil.]

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:50.000
[sil.]

00:51:55.000 --> 00:52:03.000
[sil.]

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
We decided to hold an enquiry
so that everyone in Rwanda

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:14.999
and the world would know the truth
about the atrocities, the methods,

00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:19.999
the premeditated nature of this tragedy.

00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:24.999
[sil.]

00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:29.999
Who knows, 20, 25,

00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:34.999
perhaps 30,000 people lie
buried at this site.

00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:39.999
Future generations must grasp
the consequences of extremism.

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:48.000
[sil.]

00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:28.000
[sil.]

00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:10.000
[sil.]

00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:55.000
[sil.]

00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:18.000
[music]

00:55:25.000 --> 00:55:33.000
[sil.]

00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:33.000
[sil.]

00:56:55.000 --> 00:57:03.000
[sil.]

00:57:10.000 --> 00:57:15.000
[sil.]

00:57:45.000 --> 00:57:53.000
[sil.]

00:58:25.000 --> 00:58:29.999
We buried them in groups of three
– three here, three over there…

00:58:30.000 --> 00:58:34.999
[sil.]

00:58:35.000 --> 00:58:39.999
This happened because no one

00:58:40.000 --> 00:58:44.999
was held responsible for the
atrocities of the past 35 years.

00:58:45.000 --> 00:58:49.999
We absolutely must react.
Justice must be done,

00:58:50.000 --> 00:58:54.999
so that people realize that you can\'t
just take someone\'s life like that.

00:58:55.000 --> 00:58:59.999
Impunity must be stopped.

00:59:00.000 --> 00:59:05.000
[sil.]

00:59:40.000 --> 00:59:48.000
[sil.]

01:00:05.000 --> 01:00:13.000
[sil.]

01:00:30.000 --> 01:00:34.999
[non-English narration]

01:00:35.000 --> 01:00:39.999
On April 19th,

01:00:40.000 --> 01:00:44.999
my father was murdered here at the
school, during a military attack.

01:00:45.000 --> 01:00:53.000
[sil.]

01:01:10.000 --> 01:01:18.000
[sil.]

01:01:20.000 --> 01:01:24.999
I can\'t kill to take revenge.

01:01:25.000 --> 01:01:29.999
It will only perpetuate the cycle
of violence, the genocide.

01:01:30.000 --> 01:01:34.999
[non-English narration]

01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:39.999
But if I find the person who
killed my father and my mother,

01:01:40.000 --> 01:01:44.999
I\'ll report him.

01:01:45.000 --> 01:01:50.000
I want justice for my
parents and for myself.

01:01:55.000 --> 01:02:00.000
[sil.]

01:02:15.000 --> 01:02:20.000
[sil.]

01:02:25.000 --> 01:02:33.000
[sil.]