WEBVTT

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- When I first moved

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to Montreal, I was looking

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for something in the city

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that resonated with me.

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Seems like everything

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aboveground is being documented

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in one way or another.

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Underground\'s a completely

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different story.

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(birds chirping)

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(narrator): We built our cities

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on the shores of rivers.

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Over time, we pushed rivers

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away, out of sight and

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out of reach.

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But they\'re still there, hidden

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everywhere. And around

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the world, city-dwellers are

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on a quest to reconnect

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with this lost nature.

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(Andrew): The first production

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shows an image of how most

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people would visualize a river

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or a creek.

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Then by the time you get to

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the last projection, you see

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everything is forced

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underground.

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I wanted to introduce that face

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of water in the city

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to the public.

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To get them to reflect

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on what\'s changed.

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(narrator): To understand the

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story of lost rivers, we travel

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back to the beginning of

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modern cities everywhere. And

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to one city in particular that,

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by the early 1800s, had become

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the largest in the world.

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- Right under London

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streets, there are rivers a few

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feet away. People think it\'s

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just the River Thames, but in

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fact there were 15 or 20 buried

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rivers. Two-thirds of the

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tributaries within London are

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partly buried or completely

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buried.

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If you look down drain

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covers, you can actually see

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them in the distance flowing

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past. And you can hear them

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quite easily, too.

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Water\'s essential to... to life.

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And we don\'t think about that

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explicitly very often.

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(church bells tolling)

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(birds chirping)

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The rivers we used to run mills,

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to run tanneries, all the

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early industries. And for

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drinking water. It\'s essential

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to have fresh drinking water,

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so people congregate

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around rivers.

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(narrator): The idyllic

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coexistence between city and

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water was short-lived.

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In the 19th century, the

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Industrial Revolution spread

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through London and around

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the world.

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City populations exploded and

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waste water became too much to

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manage. The streams and rivers

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that had enabled urban

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settlement in the first place

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became putrid open-air sewers.

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- The conditions got

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particularly poor around

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the River Thames.

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In 1858, the Great Stink, as it

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was known, occurred. It was a

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particularly hot summer.

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It bred bacteria. The smell

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was much worse than usual.

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Parliament couldn\'t work and

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London began to close down.

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(narrator): But bad smell was

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the least of their worries.

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Cholera spread through

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contaminated water, killing

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city-dwellers by the thousands.

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It was the 19th-century version

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of the Black Death.

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There was an increased panic

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that cities had become

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unlivable. The only solution

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was to confine rivers

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underground.

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(violin music)

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- \"Drainers\", \"sewer people\",

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\"underground people\".

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Kick you in the face.

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- I have had that happen to me.

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Someone try... someone trying

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to get out of the Fleet really

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quickly and swung their leg

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around. You know, just gave me

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a mouthful of sewage.

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- Ugh.

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- Which was nice.

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- This one is...?

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- About 1883.

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- Okay.

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(Bolton): During the 19th

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century, London was growing

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like no city had ever grown

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before. It had to work out the

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systems that allow people

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to live so close together.

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(hammering)

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The project was led by

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Joseph Bazalgette, who was a

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sewer pioneer. He saw the need

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for a system that would cater

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for the whole city and he put

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it into action on

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an enormous scale.

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The quality to which they built

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these sewer tunnels

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was astonishing.

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Nowadays, the best engineers

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are working on airplanes,

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high-tech stuff like that. In

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the Victorian era, they were

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laying bricks. And that\'s why a

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lot of rivers are under our feet

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flowing through

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Victorian tunnels.

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- I\'ve always wanted to try and

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get a picture of that, but...

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not gonna happen. Tree roots

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going all the way up there.

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To get that long? Man.

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(laughing)

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That\'s pretty long.

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(narrator): The London sewer

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system became the blueprint for

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industrial cities around the

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world. The way of the future was

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marked by the burial of most

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urban rivers.

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But their presence

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is still felt.

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- I\'ve met people who\'ve said,

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\"Oh, I know that street.\" There

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are a lot of houses that appear

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to be sinking.

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From what I understand, there is

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an underground creek that was

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here, or there was water

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underneath.

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I\'ve never seen it, but, you

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know, it\'s something

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that makes sense.

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- Garrison Creek flowed for

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thousands of years, until the

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end of the 19th century, when

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the city began to bury it into

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a sewer, which is what we\'re

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standing in today.

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(hammering)

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This is the entire watershed of

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this part of Toronto. So the

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natural watershed, everything

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that falls from the sky. And

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then the human watershed,

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everything that comes from our

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houses and businesses and

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industrial buildings.

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It all ends up in here.

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(narrator): The Garrison Creek

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is one of many rivers flowing

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under Toronto streets. In the

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downtown core, these rivers are

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encased in 19th-century sewers

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that trap both rainwater and

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raw sewage. And they\'re caught

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up in one serious problem.

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When the system works properly,

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the mix of buried river, sewage

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and rain is led to treatment

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plants outside the city.

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But as population density keeps

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rising, old Victorian

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technology can hardly cope

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with all the sewage.

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In times of heavy rain,

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the system overflows.

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(indistinct chatter)

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- We were identified as one

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of 43 polluted areas of concern

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in the Great Lakes Basin

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in 1987.

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One of the reasons that beaches

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are posted as unsafe for

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swimming is due to high levels

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of E. coli bacteria.

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Combined sewer overflows

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were impacting water quality

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along our beaches.

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- Pretty much any pipe that you

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can see, it\'s going to be

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mixing storm water with

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sanitary sewer water.

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- Right there?

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- Yeah, that pipe right there.

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Um, when that flows after a

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rainstorm, it\'s gonna bring

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water that\'s been on the road,

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where the cars are, along with

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anything that was supposed

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to go to the sanitary

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sewer system.

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If you touch the water, you\'re

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actually at risk of getting

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some sort of disease or virus

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that might be contained

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in the sewage.

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Frogs and turtles and fish

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can\'t survive or reproduce

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naturally because there\'s

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so many chemicals.

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- Paris has the same problem.

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Rome has the same problem.

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Philadelphia, Montreal,

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Toronto... It\'s a very

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interesting issue.

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(narrator): In the 1990s, two

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architects looking to beautify

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the parks along the Garrison

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Creek\'s old course had a bold

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idea. One that could reduce

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Garrison sewer overflows

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in a whole new way.

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- The paradigm was: as soon as

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it rains, all the water runs

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into an underground system and

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then you catch it all at the

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bottom. And it\'s all an

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engineered system. It means

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building pipes and it means

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building treatment centres.

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Whereas the other movement

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was this idea that you could

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treat this naturally.

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(narrator): The idea was simple:

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instead of leading rainwater

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straight into the sewer,

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re-channel it into the parks.

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Create holding ponds where the

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Garrison Creek used to flow

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and where water still

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naturally gravitates.

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- You can see the kind of grade

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going down here?

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Right down there?

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- Yeah.

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- There could be a network,

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a small stream, a linkage

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all the way down.

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Trees actually have a function.

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They just pull the water up -

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wasn\'t it something like 200

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bathtubs of water per day? -

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they can pull up into the

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system. So the polishing and the

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cleaning issue is done by the

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trees. Or when the water, the

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storm water, which is rain -

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let\'s call it by its honest

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name, rain - it hits the ground,

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infiltrates, then moves. You

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don\'t have to treat it at all.

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(narrator): It was a whole new

00:16:44.292 --> 00:16:46.999
approach to water in the city.

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Instead of leading it away,

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hold it, enjoy it.

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But what would it take for a

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city to latch on to such a

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drastic shift in thinking?

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- Our river, which goes

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right through town, is not

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there. It\'s underground.

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The joy of water and things

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that can actually really make

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a difference in people\'s lives

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haven\'t been there

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for a long time.

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This is important for Yonkers,

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to turn us around.

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- In my almost 40 years of

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doing development, to have

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taken a project in my hometown,

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where I was born and raised, and

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make it much better than it was

00:18:09.292 --> 00:18:11.333
for the last over 90 years?

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That is like nothing else

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I\'ve ever done.

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Waited a long time for

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this, eh, Ann-Marie?

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- Haven\'t we? This is so fun.

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- I\'ll tell ya, it\'s been

00:18:23.083 --> 00:18:24.291
fantastic. Look at this.

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Here we are, what,

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four-five years later?

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- Oh, four-five years later.

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- At least.

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Making this a reality.

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- A lot of time.

00:18:31.626 --> 00:18:34.082
- This is a great day. Ha-ha-ha!

00:18:34.083 --> 00:18:36.041
Can\'t make this stuff up, huh?

00:18:36.042 --> 00:18:36.501
Whoever thought

00:18:36.502 --> 00:18:39.042
it would be done?

00:18:41.083 --> 00:18:43.333
(Mitroff): Well, the Saw Mill

00:18:43.334 --> 00:18:45.833
River, the poor little river

00:18:45.834 --> 00:18:48.208
that was a wonderful river

00:18:48.209 --> 00:18:50.374
called the Nepperhan, which is

00:18:50.375 --> 00:18:52.958
actually a Native American term

00:18:52.959 --> 00:18:54.291
called \"sparkling waters\",

00:18:54.292 --> 00:18:57.541
is a 19-mile-long river that

00:18:57.542 --> 00:18:59.666
goes through suburban areas.

00:18:59.667 --> 00:19:02.250
It\'s very built-up.

00:19:04.292 --> 00:19:05.458
Henry Hudson, whose name

00:19:05.459 --> 00:19:07.541
is placed on the Hudson River,

00:19:07.542 --> 00:19:09.458
he comes up, he finds this

00:19:09.459 --> 00:19:11.291
beautiful bay. There\'s a bunch

00:19:11.292 --> 00:19:12.917
of fish, there\'s, you know,

00:19:12.918 --> 00:19:14.416
just really rich environment

00:19:14.417 --> 00:19:17.292
and water power.

00:19:20.667 --> 00:19:23.041
- The Saw Mill River actually

00:19:23.042 --> 00:19:25.833
acted as the highway to Yonkers

00:19:25.834 --> 00:19:29.082
to grow it. This would be the

00:19:29.083 --> 00:19:31.875
late 1800s, early 1900s. We had

00:19:31.876 --> 00:19:33.666
hat factories here, furniture

00:19:33.667 --> 00:19:35.541
manufacturing, done in Yonkers,

00:19:35.542 --> 00:19:38.333
a lot of woodworking. We were

00:19:38.334 --> 00:19:41.042
a booming industrial town.

00:19:44.751 --> 00:19:47.291
- Then, lo and behold, we

00:19:47.292 --> 00:19:49.291
started changing the river,

00:19:49.292 --> 00:19:51.875
which happened all over this

00:19:51.876 --> 00:19:53.291
country in industrialized

00:19:53.292 --> 00:19:55.875
areas. The rivers were squashed

00:19:55.876 --> 00:20:00.208
and put in corners. Everybody

00:20:00.209 --> 00:20:01.917
thought this was a lousy

00:20:01.918 --> 00:20:03.291
little... stinky little river.

00:20:03.292 --> 00:20:06.291
So they put this cap on top of

00:20:06.292 --> 00:20:09.041
it in the 1920s - it\'s called a

00:20:09.042 --> 00:20:10.374
\"flume\" sometimes - was buried

00:20:10.375 --> 00:20:13.416
and we put a parking lot on it.

00:20:13.417 --> 00:20:15.541
We, like, really mucked around

00:20:15.542 --> 00:20:18.042
with this city.

00:20:19.834 --> 00:20:22.291
- As the industries grew and as

00:20:22.292 --> 00:20:24.291
labour costs grew, little by

00:20:24.292 --> 00:20:26.333
little, the businesses moved to

00:20:26.334 --> 00:20:28.374
other parts of the country

00:20:28.375 --> 00:20:30.249
where they could maintain

00:20:30.250 --> 00:20:34.250
their profit margins.

00:20:36.292 --> 00:20:38.833
(Mitroff): People have sort of

00:20:38.834 --> 00:20:41.291
been waiting for things to

00:20:41.292 --> 00:20:43.124
happen in the downtown.

00:20:43.125 --> 00:20:46.082
It\'s really hard to get people

00:20:46.083 --> 00:20:48.416
to invest for new things

00:20:48.417 --> 00:20:52.249
around a parking lot.

00:20:52.250 --> 00:20:54.124
- We\'re taking the Larkin Plaza

00:20:54.125 --> 00:20:56.082
parking lot and we\'re creating,

00:20:56.083 --> 00:20:58.291
which I\'ll show over here, a

00:20:58.292 --> 00:21:00.999
park, and opening up some of the

00:21:01.000 --> 00:21:03.291
water that\'s in the tunnel or

00:21:03.292 --> 00:21:05.458
the flume. We\'ll be taking that

00:21:05.459 --> 00:21:07.791
water out and making it into

00:21:07.792 --> 00:21:09.791
ponds and a recreation park

00:21:09.792 --> 00:21:11.291
adjacent to the area.

00:21:11.292 --> 00:21:14.875
(construction noise)

00:21:14.876 --> 00:21:17.249
- When I signed the lease five

00:21:17.250 --> 00:21:19.541
years ago, I was very nervous,

00:21:19.542 --> 00:21:21.291
because I see all the

00:21:21.292 --> 00:21:23.291
boarded-up buildings, uh... all

00:21:23.292 --> 00:21:24.292
derelict buildings, abandoned

00:21:24.293 --> 00:21:25.999
buildings. This location would

00:21:26.000 --> 00:21:27.416
be a destination attraction

00:21:27.417 --> 00:21:29.750
site. It will bring in more

00:21:29.751 --> 00:21:32.166
people, it will bring in more

00:21:32.167 --> 00:21:33.625
residents, more business for

00:21:33.626 --> 00:21:35.208
merchants such as myself.

00:21:35.209 --> 00:21:37.333
So overall, it\'s a good thing

00:21:37.334 --> 00:21:39.291
for... positive thing for city

00:21:39.292 --> 00:21:41.666
of Yonkers. Excuse me for one

00:21:41.667 --> 00:21:44.374
moment. Singas Pizza, hello...

00:21:44.375 --> 00:21:48.458
Yes. Good, thank you...

00:21:48.459 --> 00:21:50.666
- God created this river and,

00:21:50.667 --> 00:21:52.750
today, man will begin the

00:21:52.751 --> 00:21:54.917
process of restoring it and

00:21:54.918 --> 00:21:56.541
daylighting it again after

00:21:56.542 --> 00:21:58.625
90 years of being buried.

00:21:58.626 --> 00:22:00.541
It can be a beautiful asset,

00:22:00.542 --> 00:22:02.291
it can be something that will

00:22:02.292 --> 00:22:04.249
attract people to our downtown.

00:22:04.250 --> 00:22:04.959
And that\'s exactly

00:22:04.960 --> 00:22:09.166
what this is going to be.

00:22:09.167 --> 00:22:11.291
Just look up. Don\'t throw.

00:22:11.292 --> 00:22:12.791
(laughter)

00:22:12.792 --> 00:22:13.875
Yay!

00:22:13.876 --> 00:22:14.667
(applause)

00:22:14.668 --> 00:22:19.082
- All right! Congratulations.

00:22:19.083 --> 00:22:21.374
(Mitroff): Some people call it

00:22:21.375 --> 00:22:24.041
full circle. We\'re trying to

00:22:24.042 --> 00:22:25.833
re-mimic the things

00:22:25.834 --> 00:22:28.834
that work well in nature.

00:22:45.292 --> 00:22:47.291
(narrator): In the north of

00:22:47.292 --> 00:22:49.166
Italy, surrounded by mountains,

00:22:49.167 --> 00:22:51.666
is a small city built over

00:22:51.667 --> 00:22:53.166
an incredible network

00:22:53.167 --> 00:22:55.626
of Roman rivers.

00:23:05.250 --> 00:23:08.291
(woman): Wow. Water\'s so clear.

00:23:08.292 --> 00:23:11.292
(man): So clear, yeah.

00:23:13.501 --> 00:23:15.500
(narrator): In this city, a

00:23:15.501 --> 00:23:17.416
group of drainers has become

00:23:17.417 --> 00:23:19.500
legendary and has attracted its

00:23:19.501 --> 00:23:22.250
kind from around the world.

00:23:42.542 --> 00:23:43.999
- How many rivers passing

00:23:44.000 --> 00:23:46.417
through the centre town?

00:23:52.083 --> 00:23:53.875
(man): No.

00:23:53.876 --> 00:23:56.041
(narrator): When he was young,

00:23:56.042 --> 00:23:58.166
Andrea couldn\'t shake off his

00:23:58.167 --> 00:24:00.291
curiosity for his city\'s buried

00:24:00.292 --> 00:24:02.416
rivers. He and his friends

00:24:02.417 --> 00:24:04.291
started popping manholes and

00:24:04.292 --> 00:24:08.416
mapping out the network.

00:24:08.417 --> 00:24:11.583
They were trespassers, outlaws,

00:24:11.584 --> 00:24:15.042
as all drainers are.

00:24:26.626 --> 00:24:28.291
- Did you start young

00:24:28.292 --> 00:24:31.291
doing that?

00:24:31.292 --> 00:24:33.542
Did you get in trouble?

00:24:34.876 --> 00:24:35.709
Yeah?

00:24:35.710 --> 00:24:38.042
- Yeah.

00:24:42.792 --> 00:24:44.291
- How everything always starts

00:24:44.292 --> 00:24:46.291
is you start to study the

00:24:46.292 --> 00:24:48.750
manhole. And there is a ratio

00:24:48.751 --> 00:24:50.291
of failure to interest.

00:24:50.292 --> 00:24:51.833
(Danielle): Oh, yes. The...

00:24:51.834 --> 00:24:53.291
(Andrea): Which is very

00:24:53.292 --> 00:24:54.999
in favour of failure.

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:55.876
(Danielle): Failure.

00:24:55.876 --> 00:24:56.626
(laughing)

00:24:56.627 --> 00:24:57.958
- Very nice.

00:24:57.959 --> 00:24:59.041
(Danielle): Wow.

00:24:59.042 --> 00:24:59.792
- Yeah.

00:24:59.792 --> 00:25:00.417
- You win some

00:25:00.418 --> 00:25:01.708
and you lose some.

00:25:01.709 --> 00:25:04.042
- Yeah.

00:25:24.626 --> 00:25:25.875
(narrator): Brescia Underground

00:25:25.876 --> 00:25:28.666
were the only ones to have ever

00:25:28.667 --> 00:25:30.291
really documented the rivers

00:25:30.292 --> 00:25:31.833
under their city. Overnight,

00:25:31.834 --> 00:25:34.291
they went from being a bunch

00:25:34.292 --> 00:25:36.291
of outlaws to a legitimate

00:25:36.292 --> 00:25:39.626
historical society.

00:27:22.459 --> 00:27:25.292
(indistinct chatter)

00:28:33.292 --> 00:28:35.834
(Italian chatter)

00:28:53.292 --> 00:28:55.834
(rubber squeaking)

00:28:56.292 --> 00:28:57.666
(Italian)

00:28:57.667 --> 00:29:00.082
- Canada.

00:29:00.083 --> 00:29:02.292
(beeping)

00:29:08.417 --> 00:29:10.834
(man): Wow.

00:29:26.667 --> 00:29:27.791
(woman): It\'s typical of this

00:29:27.792 --> 00:29:28.999
country, isn\'t it? It\'s because

00:29:29.000 --> 00:29:30.291
it\'s London and it\'s all based

00:29:30.292 --> 00:29:31.666
on rivers and the rivers are

00:29:31.667 --> 00:29:32.791
pushing everything out and the

00:29:32.792 --> 00:29:34.082
drains are over-flooding because

00:29:34.083 --> 00:29:35.083
they\'re getting water from

00:29:35.083 --> 00:29:35.792
the top, water from

00:29:35.793 --> 00:29:37.124
the bottom. So we\'re really

00:29:37.125 --> 00:29:38.166
about to float away.

00:29:38.167 --> 00:29:38.501
- Yeah, we are.

00:29:38.502 --> 00:29:42.249
- It was the hailstorm in...

00:29:42.250 --> 00:29:44.500
- In 2007, in the UK,

00:29:44.501 --> 00:29:47.208
there was an instance where

00:29:47.209 --> 00:29:49.291
a month\'s rainfall fell

00:29:49.292 --> 00:29:51.458
in just a few hours.

00:29:51.459 --> 00:29:53.666
If this type of event occurred

00:29:53.667 --> 00:29:55.291
in London, then it\'s been

00:29:55.292 --> 00:29:57.291
estimated that it could cause

00:29:57.292 --> 00:29:59.458
as much as 10-billion pounds\'

00:29:59.459 --> 00:30:00.500
worth of damage.

00:30:00.501 --> 00:30:02.666
(thunder rumbling)

00:30:02.667 --> 00:30:04.666
(narrator): Burying rivers and

00:30:04.667 --> 00:30:06.625
paving over landscapes have

00:30:06.626 --> 00:30:09.583
gotten us in quite the bind.

00:30:09.584 --> 00:30:11.458
Concrete can\'t absorb water.

00:30:11.459 --> 00:30:14.124
During heavy storms, drains fill

00:30:14.125 --> 00:30:16.583
up quickly and rainwater has

00:30:16.584 --> 00:30:18.500
nowhere else to flow.

00:30:18.501 --> 00:30:21.209
(indistinct news commentary)

00:30:34.292 --> 00:30:36.708
South East London is built in a

00:30:36.709 --> 00:30:38.500
valley and has always been

00:30:38.501 --> 00:30:41.626
prone to flooding.

00:30:46.000 --> 00:30:47.791
Through the heart of it

00:30:47.792 --> 00:30:50.292
flows the River Quaggy.

00:30:52.334 --> 00:30:54.291
- It flows underneath the

00:30:54.292 --> 00:30:57.291
buildings here, so this part of

00:30:57.292 --> 00:30:59.666
the river has been culverted

00:30:59.667 --> 00:31:02.626
probably 100 years or so.

00:31:05.417 --> 00:31:08.291
When I first started working in

00:31:08.292 --> 00:31:10.875
London and saw these concrete

00:31:10.876 --> 00:31:12.291
channels and culverts,

00:31:12.292 --> 00:31:14.500
as an ecologist, there was

00:31:14.501 --> 00:31:17.417
a certain sense of outrage.

00:31:19.626 --> 00:31:20.833
(narrator): This area

00:31:20.834 --> 00:31:22.791
is a testing ground for

00:31:22.792 --> 00:31:24.458
a completely new strategy

00:31:24.459 --> 00:31:26.917
in flood prevention.

00:31:26.918 --> 00:31:29.958
(Webb): Taking away concrete

00:31:29.959 --> 00:31:33.082
sides, daylighting rivers and

00:31:33.083 --> 00:31:36.082
actually creating areas for

00:31:36.083 --> 00:31:39.833
which floodwater can be stored.

00:31:39.834 --> 00:31:42.249
- In 1990, local people objected

00:31:42.250 --> 00:31:44.374
to a flood-alleviation scheme

00:31:44.375 --> 00:31:47.291
that was planned for the River

00:31:47.292 --> 00:31:49.958
Quaggy. It was gonna put it

00:31:49.959 --> 00:31:52.291
into more and bigger concrete

00:31:52.292 --> 00:31:54.082
channels. We certainly wanted

00:31:54.083 --> 00:31:56.333
to have our properties protected

00:31:56.334 --> 00:31:58.791
from flooding, but we also

00:31:58.792 --> 00:32:00.541
wanted our river back.

00:32:00.542 --> 00:32:02.958
(Webb): Before the scheme,

00:32:02.959 --> 00:32:05.291
Sutcliffe Park was an

00:32:05.292 --> 00:32:06.833
ecological desert. The

00:32:06.834 --> 00:32:09.541
Quaggy has now been opened

00:32:09.542 --> 00:32:12.374
up. It\'s been transformed into

00:32:12.375 --> 00:32:15.875
a local nature reserve and a

00:32:15.876 --> 00:32:18.291
series of wetland habitats.

00:32:18.292 --> 00:32:20.834
Quite rare in London.

00:32:23.667 --> 00:32:25.500
(narrator): In times of severe

00:32:25.501 --> 00:32:27.875
rain, barriers to the park are

00:32:27.876 --> 00:32:29.291
opened. The nature reserve

00:32:29.292 --> 00:32:31.249
becomes a holding area for

00:32:31.250 --> 00:32:33.583
excess water until it can flow

00:32:33.584 --> 00:32:34.708
out safely under

00:32:34.709 --> 00:32:37.250
the city streets.

00:32:41.792 --> 00:32:43.999
It\'s called a \"no-regret

00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:46.291
strategy\". Whether or not it\'s

00:32:46.292 --> 00:32:48.500
enough to manage the future

00:32:48.501 --> 00:32:50.291
effects of climate change,

00:32:50.292 --> 00:32:52.291
scientists can\'t predict. But

00:32:52.292 --> 00:32:54.124
in the meantime, residents

00:32:54.125 --> 00:32:58.291
are rejoicing in the change.

00:32:58.292 --> 00:33:00.249
- As a consequence of Sutcliffe

00:33:00.250 --> 00:33:01.875
Park, there\'s been a growing

00:33:01.876 --> 00:33:03.458
head of steam from different

00:33:03.459 --> 00:33:05.291
communities to say, \"Why can\'t

00:33:05.292 --> 00:33:07.458
our river be like this?\"

00:33:07.459 --> 00:33:10.250
Which is fantastic.

00:33:33.292 --> 00:33:35.791
- The growth of the city is

00:33:35.792 --> 00:33:37.291
largely taking place through

00:33:37.292 --> 00:33:38.666
intensification. We\'re going

00:33:38.667 --> 00:33:40.208
vertical as opposed to

00:33:40.209 --> 00:33:41.750
horizontal, because we\'ve maxed

00:33:41.751 --> 00:33:44.583
out in terms of the amount of

00:33:44.584 --> 00:33:46.291
area that\'s available for

00:33:46.292 --> 00:33:47.791
development across the city.

00:33:47.792 --> 00:33:49.291
That puts additional strains

00:33:49.292 --> 00:33:52.209
and pressures on our system.

00:33:59.626 --> 00:34:01.708
- It wasn\'t a nostalgic project,

00:34:01.709 --> 00:34:03.291
although there was history

00:34:03.292 --> 00:34:05.541
involved in this. But there was

00:34:05.542 --> 00:34:07.541
a real functional and monetary,

00:34:07.542 --> 00:34:10.249
economic kind of side to this

00:34:10.250 --> 00:34:12.834
that made some sense.

00:34:17.626 --> 00:34:19.541
- When we sat down with the

00:34:19.542 --> 00:34:21.291
engineers, they said, \"No, no,

00:34:21.292 --> 00:34:22.500
you need open space

00:34:22.501 --> 00:34:24.833
to have ponds.\" And we said,

00:34:24.834 --> 00:34:26.416
\"Well, look, ding, ding, ding,

00:34:26.417 --> 00:34:28.166
there\'s 125 hectares of open

00:34:28.167 --> 00:34:30.291
space and here\'s where we can

00:34:30.292 --> 00:34:31.333
put the ponds.\"

00:34:31.334 --> 00:34:33.041
(Brown): A number of city

00:34:33.042 --> 00:34:34.666
councillors have no clue what

00:34:34.667 --> 00:34:37.292
we\'re talking about. No idea.

00:34:41.709 --> 00:34:43.374
(narrator): Unable to grasp

00:34:43.375 --> 00:34:45.541
the potential of a natural

00:34:45.542 --> 00:34:47.291
water-treatment system, in

00:34:47.292 --> 00:34:49.458
1996, city officials approved a

00:34:49.459 --> 00:34:51.291
plan that would bury

00:34:51.292 --> 00:34:52.500
the Garrison Creek

00:34:52.501 --> 00:34:55.042
even further down.

00:35:05.209 --> 00:35:07.541
The four-kilometre-long

00:35:07.542 --> 00:35:08.875
Western Beaches storage tunnel

00:35:08.876 --> 00:35:10.041
traps the sewage from

00:35:10.042 --> 00:35:13.042
eight overflow points.

00:35:17.167 --> 00:35:19.291
It can hold enough sewage

00:35:19.292 --> 00:35:21.750
to fill Toronto\'s CN Tower

00:35:21.751 --> 00:35:24.042
to the top. Twice.

00:35:27.292 --> 00:35:30.416
- This is sold as a renovation

00:35:30.417 --> 00:35:33.291
of the outdated and crumbling

00:35:33.292 --> 00:35:35.041
sewage infrastructure, whereas

00:35:35.042 --> 00:35:38.291
it is nothing of the sort.

00:35:38.292 --> 00:35:41.124
It reminds me of the time when

00:35:41.125 --> 00:35:43.875
my roof was leaking and all I

00:35:43.876 --> 00:35:46.875
could do was put a bucket where

00:35:46.876 --> 00:35:48.333
the water was leaking.

00:35:48.334 --> 00:35:51.042
That didn\'t fix the roof.

00:35:53.292 --> 00:35:55.291
- We continue to build larger

00:35:55.292 --> 00:35:56.583
and larger sewers and

00:35:56.584 --> 00:35:58.208
interceptor systems and storage

00:35:58.209 --> 00:35:59.708
chambers and storage tunnels.

00:35:59.709 --> 00:36:01.249
It\'s never enough, because

00:36:01.250 --> 00:36:03.291
there will always be a storm

00:36:03.292 --> 00:36:05.416
that is large enough or long

00:36:05.417 --> 00:36:08.626
enough to overflow these sewers.

00:36:26.334 --> 00:36:28.166
- This was a project that

00:36:28.167 --> 00:36:29.999
engineers could\'ve picked up on

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:32.082
and introduced a whole new

00:36:32.083 --> 00:36:34.292
paradigm.

00:36:36.918 --> 00:36:38.458
And then Toronto wouldn\'t be

00:36:38.459 --> 00:36:40.249
kind of looking after other

00:36:40.250 --> 00:36:42.208
countries to kind of tell us

00:36:42.209 --> 00:36:44.124
what to do. We would\'ve been

00:36:44.125 --> 00:36:46.291
the leaders in that, 10 or 15

00:36:46.292 --> 00:36:48.333
years ago. I guess now, when

00:36:48.334 --> 00:36:49.625
it\'s gonna be something

00:36:49.626 --> 00:36:51.291
happening all over the world,

00:36:51.292 --> 00:36:54.042
then we\'ll pick up on that.

00:37:13.626 --> 00:37:16.583
- In the old days, we have some

00:37:16.584 --> 00:37:18.249
Oriental kind of location

00:37:18.250 --> 00:37:20.666
theory. We call it \"feng shui\".

00:37:20.667 --> 00:37:23.374
In order to have a nice house,

00:37:23.375 --> 00:37:25.416
you gotta have a mountain

00:37:25.417 --> 00:37:27.208
back side and water

00:37:27.209 --> 00:37:30.291
in the front.

00:37:30.292 --> 00:37:32.291
So when the founding fathers

00:37:32.292 --> 00:37:34.666
came to Seoul to determine the

00:37:34.667 --> 00:37:36.625
location of the palace, they

00:37:36.626 --> 00:37:39.500
went up to the mountain and see

00:37:39.501 --> 00:37:41.583
which is the best location.

00:37:41.584 --> 00:37:43.583
They found the river here.

00:37:43.584 --> 00:37:46.249
So this is the best location

00:37:46.250 --> 00:37:47.791
to situate the palace.

00:37:47.792 --> 00:37:50.041
So this is the story of

00:37:50.042 --> 00:37:53.042
Cheonggyecheon Stream.

00:38:51.792 --> 00:38:53.958
- After the Korean War,

00:38:53.959 --> 00:38:57.291
a lot of refugees from North

00:38:57.292 --> 00:38:59.708
Korea, they flooded there,

00:38:59.709 --> 00:39:02.292
around this area.

00:39:04.834 --> 00:39:07.458
All the sewers right...

00:39:07.459 --> 00:39:09.958
- Throughout the stream.

00:39:09.959 --> 00:39:11.708
Yeah.

00:39:11.709 --> 00:39:13.458
- I remember that.

00:39:13.459 --> 00:39:14.292
(laughing)

00:39:14.293 --> 00:39:16.416
- Yeah. It wasn\'t quite a

00:39:16.417 --> 00:39:18.458
pleasant place to visit.

00:39:18.459 --> 00:39:20.626
(laughing)

00:39:23.250 --> 00:39:25.999
(narrator): As of the 1960s, the

00:39:26.000 --> 00:39:27.750
emerging South Korean economy

00:39:27.751 --> 00:39:29.708
embraced the automobile. Hungry

00:39:29.709 --> 00:39:32.041
for new roads, the city

00:39:32.042 --> 00:39:34.291
resolved to pave over the

00:39:34.292 --> 00:39:35.833
Cheonggyecheon Stream, symbol

00:39:35.834 --> 00:39:39.625
of poverty and filth.

00:39:39.626 --> 00:39:42.833
A 16-lane double-decker highway

00:39:42.834 --> 00:39:46.082
would be an emblem of progress.

00:39:46.083 --> 00:39:48.291
- Elevated highway, a picture

00:39:48.292 --> 00:39:51.333
always that comes out of the

00:39:51.334 --> 00:39:54.124
cinema. This is the symbol

00:39:54.125 --> 00:39:56.291
of our modernization, symbol

00:39:56.292 --> 00:39:59.292
of our development.

00:40:07.292 --> 00:40:09.291
In the beginning, it really

00:40:09.292 --> 00:40:11.124
helped smooth the traffic in

00:40:11.125 --> 00:40:12.917
the downtown, but later on,

00:40:12.918 --> 00:40:15.208
it became a very big barrier

00:40:15.209 --> 00:40:19.082
to get to the downtown.

00:40:19.083 --> 00:40:20.124
(narrator): As decades rolled

00:40:20.125 --> 00:40:22.082
on, the new lanes filled up and

00:40:22.083 --> 00:40:24.626
traffic continued to increase.

00:40:28.167 --> 00:40:30.291
The symbol of modern South

00:40:30.292 --> 00:40:32.124
Korea became a toxic,

00:40:32.125 --> 00:40:34.417
sluggish eyesore.

00:40:41.250 --> 00:40:44.291
In 1991, the idea for a massive

00:40:44.292 --> 00:40:47.291
change came in the form of yet

00:40:47.292 --> 00:40:48.750
another construction project.

00:40:48.751 --> 00:40:51.082
But this one would be

00:40:51.083 --> 00:40:53.875
radically different.

00:40:53.876 --> 00:40:57.291
- It started with a historian

00:40:57.292 --> 00:40:59.291
and an engineer.

00:40:59.292 --> 00:41:00.875
- Engineer is he.

00:41:00.876 --> 00:41:01.917
(laughter)

00:41:01.918 --> 00:41:05.166
- Professor Ishita, he was a

00:41:05.167 --> 00:41:07.583
professor in my university -

00:41:07.584 --> 00:41:10.291
History department - and he

00:41:10.292 --> 00:41:12.750
asked me whether the

00:41:12.751 --> 00:41:14.583
Cheonggyecheon could be

00:41:14.584 --> 00:41:17.833
restored. I told him that

00:41:17.834 --> 00:41:20.292
technically it\'s feasible.

00:41:26.292 --> 00:41:27.708
(narrator): The expressway had

00:41:27.709 --> 00:41:29.958
been the work of the Hyundai

00:41:29.959 --> 00:41:31.791
Construction firm. In 2002, it

00:41:31.792 --> 00:41:33.625
was Hyundai\'s former CEO, Lee

00:41:33.626 --> 00:41:35.917
Myung-bak, who made tearing it

00:41:35.918 --> 00:41:38.291
down the heart of his campaign

00:41:38.292 --> 00:41:39.958
for mayorship of Seoul.

00:41:39.959 --> 00:41:41.416
(crowd cheering)

00:41:41.417 --> 00:41:44.292
And he won.

00:42:15.501 --> 00:42:17.708
- Nobody would believe that

00:42:17.709 --> 00:42:19.374
demolishing the structure,

00:42:19.375 --> 00:42:21.166
traffic can flow.

00:42:21.167 --> 00:42:22.666
- Well, he did.

00:42:22.667 --> 00:42:25.042
(laughter)

00:42:26.876 --> 00:42:29.708
- Problem can be solved by the

00:42:29.709 --> 00:42:32.041
people, not by the traffic

00:42:32.042 --> 00:42:33.917
engineers or planners. Because

00:42:33.918 --> 00:42:36.249
the citizens, they are smart

00:42:36.250 --> 00:42:39.626
enough to adjust to the change.

00:42:42.042 --> 00:42:45.834
We introduced bus rapid transit.

00:42:48.626 --> 00:42:51.458
9% of people who used

00:42:51.459 --> 00:42:54.291
to drive cars shifted to

00:42:54.292 --> 00:42:56.708
subways and adjusted their

00:42:56.709 --> 00:42:59.082
travel routes and adjusted

00:42:59.083 --> 00:43:02.500
their time of day. All this

00:43:02.501 --> 00:43:06.249
leads to not-so-severe traffic

00:43:06.250 --> 00:43:09.042
turmoil in the downtown.

00:43:18.292 --> 00:43:21.291
- People living in the downtown

00:43:21.292 --> 00:43:24.750
area have a right to enjoy

00:43:24.751 --> 00:43:25.917
environment, ecosystems,

00:43:25.918 --> 00:43:28.875
just a five-minute walk

00:43:28.876 --> 00:43:31.292
from where you are.

00:43:40.292 --> 00:43:43.208
It\'s really amazing how fast

00:43:43.209 --> 00:43:46.626
the nature adjusted by itself.

00:44:11.083 --> 00:44:12.291
(groaning)

00:44:12.292 --> 00:44:13.458
- You gained weight

00:44:13.459 --> 00:44:14.791
since the last time

00:44:14.792 --> 00:44:16.666
you were in this thing.

00:44:16.667 --> 00:44:17.292
- I know.

00:44:17.293 --> 00:44:18.583
- You\'re gonna weigh

00:44:18.584 --> 00:44:20.124
that thing down...

00:44:20.125 --> 00:44:21.291
- Yeah.

00:44:21.292 --> 00:44:24.333
♪ And I could be happy

00:44:24.334 --> 00:44:26.166
Spending my days

00:44:26.167 --> 00:44:29.291
On the river that flows

00:44:29.292 --> 00:44:31.416
Both ways ♪♪

00:44:31.417 --> 00:44:34.082
- So how long have you

00:44:34.083 --> 00:44:35.291
been doing this?

00:44:35.292 --> 00:44:37.291
- October 21, right? 1984.

00:44:37.292 --> 00:44:40.583
I think that was a break in...

00:44:40.584 --> 00:44:43.291
Might\'ve been the first day.

00:44:43.292 --> 00:44:44.666
- This was in

00:44:44.667 --> 00:44:45.292
an adventure phase.

00:44:45.293 --> 00:44:47.291
- Okay, couple more strokes

00:44:47.292 --> 00:44:48.416
and we be...

00:44:48.417 --> 00:44:50.500
- You gotta make a left.

00:44:50.501 --> 00:44:53.291
Any river that nobody else had

00:44:53.292 --> 00:44:55.166
paddled in those days,

00:44:55.167 --> 00:44:57.082
we gave it a shot.

00:44:57.083 --> 00:45:00.291
- There you go. That must be the

00:45:00.292 --> 00:45:01.833
Saw Mill Creek.

00:45:01.834 --> 00:45:04.250
- All right.

00:45:07.292 --> 00:45:10.541
The idea of canoeing underground

00:45:10.542 --> 00:45:13.042
was pretty fascinating.

00:45:19.375 --> 00:45:22.208
- It\'s right here and I

00:45:22.209 --> 00:45:24.291
highlighted it in this

00:45:24.292 --> 00:45:25.791
paragraph, where it

00:45:25.792 --> 00:45:27.291
specifically mentions just

00:45:27.292 --> 00:45:31.166
what it could be. And then it

00:45:31.167 --> 00:45:34.041
took 33 years to respond.

00:45:34.042 --> 00:45:37.416
- Wow. 1977.

00:45:37.417 --> 00:45:39.291
- Boy, it stinks here.

00:45:39.292 --> 00:45:43.124
- I know. I know.

00:45:43.125 --> 00:45:46.750
Daylighting the Saw Mill...

00:45:46.751 --> 00:45:49.333
it\'s almost unbelievable.

00:45:49.334 --> 00:45:51.124
For so many years that we

00:45:51.125 --> 00:45:52.791
talked about it... It\'s a pat

00:45:52.792 --> 00:45:54.666
on the back for the dreamers

00:45:54.667 --> 00:45:57.250
from the early days.

00:46:09.042 --> 00:46:11.417
(soft music)

00:46:31.751 --> 00:46:33.291
- Right now, we\'re pumping

00:46:33.292 --> 00:46:34.209
down that water.

00:46:34.210 --> 00:46:35.291
- That\'s the head wall?

00:46:35.292 --> 00:46:36.750
- Yeah, we have two pumps there

00:46:36.751 --> 00:46:37.751
pumping... That\'s gonna be

00:46:37.751 --> 00:46:38.709
the head wall, where

00:46:38.709 --> 00:46:39.334
those piles are.

00:46:39.335 --> 00:46:42.626
- That\'s my man.

00:46:44.751 --> 00:46:47.082
- Yonkers did a real gutsy

00:46:47.083 --> 00:46:49.291
thing. They have some federal

00:46:49.292 --> 00:46:51.750
dollars here, they have some

00:46:51.751 --> 00:46:54.082
state money here, but they

00:46:54.083 --> 00:46:55.917
committed millions of dollars

00:46:55.918 --> 00:46:58.750
of future tax revenue to this

00:46:58.751 --> 00:47:00.917
project. It\'s a really

00:47:00.918 --> 00:47:03.292
critical project.

00:47:05.459 --> 00:47:07.500
We asked the city. \"Listen, we

00:47:07.501 --> 00:47:10.124
can fund a habitat plan to make

00:47:10.125 --> 00:47:13.708
sure that the fish come up.\"

00:47:13.709 --> 00:47:15.917
The point at which I need to

00:47:15.918 --> 00:47:17.374
bring the eel-passage engineer

00:47:17.375 --> 00:47:19.625
down, if we bring him from New

00:47:19.626 --> 00:47:21.291
Hampshire, when would that be?

00:47:21.292 --> 00:47:22.500
- A couple of months

00:47:22.501 --> 00:47:23.833
down the road. Probably

00:47:23.834 --> 00:47:24.542
in October, November?

00:47:24.543 --> 00:47:26.458
- We gotta form the footings on

00:47:26.459 --> 00:47:28.249
both sides, pour the walls.

00:47:28.250 --> 00:47:30.082
- I think I made him an

00:47:30.083 --> 00:47:30.918
American-eel aficionado,

00:47:30.919 --> 00:47:33.291
so I don\'t know how you are

00:47:33.292 --> 00:47:34.292
on that, Leo.

00:47:34.292 --> 00:47:35.083
(laughing)

00:47:35.083 --> 00:47:36.083
Burt they\'re pretty

00:47:36.083 --> 00:47:36.459
wily creatures.

00:47:36.460 --> 00:47:38.708
- I learned a lot about eels and

00:47:38.709 --> 00:47:40.333
fish ladders and ecology and...

00:47:40.334 --> 00:47:41.292
- Ah, that\'s... that\'s...

00:47:41.293 --> 00:47:42.458
- There\'s your flume right

00:47:42.459 --> 00:47:44.249
there. It\'s fully exposed now.

00:47:44.250 --> 00:47:45.625
- I know. I think that\'s...

00:47:45.626 --> 00:47:47.041
- It\'s been underground now...

00:47:47.042 --> 00:47:49.082
91 years? I think it\'s in

00:47:49.083 --> 00:47:50.083
pretty good shape.

00:47:50.084 --> 00:47:51.166
- Pretty good shape!

00:47:51.167 --> 00:47:51.959
- And no graffiti.

00:47:51.960 --> 00:47:53.958
- They buried it too quickly.

00:47:53.959 --> 00:47:56.292
- That\'s right.

00:48:12.751 --> 00:48:15.082
- When people own things,

00:48:15.083 --> 00:48:18.292
they take care of them.

00:48:21.209 --> 00:48:22.125
We want people

00:48:22.126 --> 00:48:26.291
to own this river.

00:48:26.292 --> 00:48:28.708
(indistinct chatter)

00:48:28.709 --> 00:48:30.249
So gather around the table.

00:48:30.250 --> 00:48:32.291
I don\'t know how many people are

00:48:32.292 --> 00:48:34.291
gonna show. It said 11 people

00:48:34.292 --> 00:48:35.292
were gonna show up,

00:48:35.293 --> 00:48:37.291
but some of them are us.

00:48:37.292 --> 00:48:38.292
So that goes there.

00:48:38.293 --> 00:48:41.124
- I\'m a great believer in the

00:48:41.125 --> 00:48:42.541
power of activities to

00:48:42.542 --> 00:48:44.833
revitalize a downtown. You give

00:48:44.834 --> 00:48:46.082
the neighbourhood exposure

00:48:46.083 --> 00:48:48.541
and you also help the property

00:48:48.542 --> 00:48:50.666
owners and the local merchants

00:48:50.667 --> 00:48:52.833
understand that we\'re trying to

00:48:52.834 --> 00:48:55.500
get people down there for them.

00:48:55.501 --> 00:48:56.958
- Having a gospel fest or

00:48:56.959 --> 00:48:58.291
something like this, that will

00:48:58.292 --> 00:49:00.041
bring folks down who aren\'t

00:49:00.042 --> 00:49:01.000
coming at this point.

00:49:01.001 --> 00:49:02.708
- Things that have a little more

00:49:02.709 --> 00:49:04.500
of a historic bent. You know,

00:49:04.501 --> 00:49:05.292
children\'s activities...

00:49:05.292 --> 00:49:06.292
- And somehow that could

00:49:06.293 --> 00:49:07.500
link to something else

00:49:07.501 --> 00:49:08.625
going in the park.

00:49:08.626 --> 00:49:09.584
- Right. The historic

00:49:09.585 --> 00:49:11.291
reenactments, that\'s a natural.

00:49:11.292 --> 00:49:12.958
- Battle of the bands?

00:49:12.959 --> 00:49:13.292
- Whoa. Nice.

00:49:13.293 --> 00:49:16.333
- Very early on, we had a lot of

00:49:16.334 --> 00:49:18.082
discussion about the merchants.

00:49:18.083 --> 00:49:20.291
As we got closer to being done

00:49:20.292 --> 00:49:21.875
with this, they\'ve just been

00:49:21.876 --> 00:49:23.249
completely neglected. I think

00:49:23.250 --> 00:49:24.750
we\'re gonna defeat the whole

00:49:24.751 --> 00:49:26.291
purpose if we\'re gonna talk

00:49:26.292 --> 00:49:29.042
about downtown revitalization.

00:49:31.292 --> 00:49:34.208
- My sales have dropped 50%.

00:49:34.209 --> 00:49:35.958
The construction, approximately

00:49:35.959 --> 00:49:38.291
seven months, with continuous

00:49:38.292 --> 00:49:40.666
blocking of the sidewalk,

00:49:40.667 --> 00:49:43.583
double wire-mesh fence right

00:49:43.584 --> 00:49:46.541
here. It\'s very difficult for

00:49:46.542 --> 00:49:50.291
people to come into my store.

00:49:50.292 --> 00:49:52.124
Yeah, we\'re open. Come in?

00:49:52.125 --> 00:49:54.249
If I project this out for

00:49:54.250 --> 00:49:56.166
another six months, I would

00:49:56.167 --> 00:49:57.291
definitely be losing

00:49:57.292 --> 00:50:01.082
about $350,000.

00:50:01.083 --> 00:50:03.291
All the merchants around here

00:50:03.292 --> 00:50:05.791
are exactly the same. Either

00:50:05.792 --> 00:50:08.249
hold on to your business

00:50:08.250 --> 00:50:10.041
no matter what, or...

00:50:10.042 --> 00:50:13.292
pack it in and move out.

00:50:51.042 --> 00:50:52.625
(narrator): Ironically, Seoul\'s

00:50:52.626 --> 00:50:54.124
new green approach

00:50:54.125 --> 00:50:55.541
to development came

00:50:55.542 --> 00:50:58.042
at a human cost.

00:51:00.292 --> 00:51:01.917
Thousands of street merchants

00:51:01.918 --> 00:51:03.750
spread along the Cheonggyecheon

00:51:03.751 --> 00:51:05.333
Highway would be evicted

00:51:05.334 --> 00:51:08.291
to make way for the stream.

00:51:08.292 --> 00:51:10.626
(background chatter)

00:51:41.167 --> 00:51:42.625
(narrator): Despite their

00:51:42.626 --> 00:51:44.291
protests, the merchants

00:51:44.292 --> 00:51:45.917
were confined outside

00:51:45.918 --> 00:51:48.292
the downtown core.

00:52:33.375 --> 00:52:35.291
The restoration may have

00:52:35.292 --> 00:52:37.291
triggered some social unrest,

00:52:37.292 --> 00:52:39.249
but its toughest critics

00:52:39.250 --> 00:52:40.125
were environmentalists,

00:52:40.126 --> 00:52:42.416
who objected to the stream\'s

00:52:42.417 --> 00:52:45.042
unnatural source of water.

00:52:47.292 --> 00:52:49.374
- We have only three months of

00:52:49.375 --> 00:52:51.791
rainy season. But we thought it

00:52:51.792 --> 00:52:54.708
would be nice to run the water

00:52:54.709 --> 00:52:55.709
all year round.

00:52:55.710 --> 00:52:59.458
Currently, we are pumping up

00:52:59.459 --> 00:53:03.291
about 100,000 cubic metres

00:53:03.292 --> 00:53:07.750
a day from the Han River.

00:53:07.751 --> 00:53:10.208
We have to do that way.

00:53:10.209 --> 00:53:11.291
Otherwise, uh... there

00:53:11.292 --> 00:53:13.834
won\'t be water flowing.

00:53:33.501 --> 00:53:35.124
(narrator): The line between

00:53:35.125 --> 00:53:36.625
authenticity and illusion may

00:53:36.626 --> 00:53:38.416
be blurred, but there\'s no

00:53:38.417 --> 00:53:40.416
denying that city-dwellers are

00:53:40.417 --> 00:53:42.041
naturally drawn to water

00:53:42.042 --> 00:53:44.291
and to the essence of the

00:53:44.292 --> 00:53:47.042
Cheonggyecheon Stream.

00:54:56.459 --> 00:54:58.834
(applause)

00:55:21.250 --> 00:55:23.834
(church bells tolling)

00:55:37.626 --> 00:55:39.291
(Danielle): You\'re excavating...

00:55:39.292 --> 00:55:41.166
- At the moment...

00:55:41.167 --> 00:55:41.501
- Yes.

00:55:41.502 --> 00:55:44.082
- Um... the surface level...

00:55:44.083 --> 00:55:44.876
- Mm-hmm.

00:55:44.877 --> 00:55:46.291
- has increased...

00:55:46.292 --> 00:55:48.542
because of dirt.

00:55:58.792 --> 00:56:00.291
(narrator): A medieval washing

00:56:00.292 --> 00:56:02.291
lake has become a legend in

00:56:02.292 --> 00:56:03.625
Brescia, because it\'s been

00:56:03.626 --> 00:56:08.041
erased from the city\'s surface.

00:56:08.042 --> 00:56:10.500
It was covered over, then dried

00:56:10.501 --> 00:56:12.999
up, but practically no record

00:56:13.000 --> 00:56:16.458
of it exists.

00:56:16.459 --> 00:56:18.708
Brescia Underground found it.

00:56:18.709 --> 00:56:22.626
At least they think they have.

00:56:25.292 --> 00:56:27.458
(whistling)

00:56:27.459 --> 00:56:30.042
- Perfect.

00:56:35.125 --> 00:56:37.833
There is a little traffic...

00:56:37.834 --> 00:56:40.208
A little traffic jam.

00:56:40.209 --> 00:56:42.417
People stuck.

00:56:46.292 --> 00:56:49.250
(Italian chatter)

00:57:11.042 --> 00:57:12.416
- Andrea, this arch is

00:57:12.417 --> 00:57:13.958
mediaeval also, right?

00:57:13.959 --> 00:57:14.292
- Huh?

00:57:14.293 --> 00:57:16.291
- This arch is also medieval?

00:57:16.292 --> 00:57:17.292
- Why? Where?

00:57:17.293 --> 00:57:19.709
- This one right here.

00:57:21.250 --> 00:57:22.125
Oh, really?

00:57:22.126 --> 00:57:25.833
- The first Roman bridge...

00:57:25.834 --> 00:57:27.166
- But are you sure the

00:57:27.167 --> 00:57:28.875
stone is not on the other

00:57:28.876 --> 00:57:31.292
side of that bridge?

00:57:36.792 --> 00:57:37.334
You\'re right.

00:57:37.335 --> 00:57:40.082
It makes a lot of sense.

00:57:40.083 --> 00:57:42.292
(scraping)

00:59:47.125 --> 00:59:48.833
- This whole area\'s the old

00:59:48.834 --> 00:59:51.124
flume and we\'re punching a hole

00:59:51.125 --> 00:59:52.958
through here, gonna lift these

00:59:52.959 --> 00:59:55.291
off and then the water will

00:59:55.292 --> 00:59:57.291
then flow into the new

00:59:57.292 --> 00:59:59.292
river path.

01:00:24.167 --> 01:00:26.082
This is amazing!

01:00:26.083 --> 01:00:26.751
(laughing)

01:00:26.752 --> 01:00:28.541
I mean, look at that arch.

01:00:28.542 --> 01:00:31.834
It is gorgeous.

01:00:35.459 --> 01:00:37.291
(laughing)

01:00:37.292 --> 01:00:40.875
Oh, my God, that\'s so cool!

01:00:40.876 --> 01:00:42.333
(indistinct chatter)

01:00:42.334 --> 01:00:46.042
Oh, my! That is beautiful.

01:00:52.876 --> 01:00:54.249
- I told you, honey,

01:00:54.250 --> 01:00:55.000
this would work!

01:00:55.001 --> 01:00:56.625
- I know. How many years

01:00:56.626 --> 01:00:57.542
ago was that?

01:00:57.543 --> 01:01:00.626
- That\'s right.

01:01:17.167 --> 01:01:18.999
- History in the remaking.

01:01:19.000 --> 01:01:19.918
- Yeah, but...

01:01:19.918 --> 01:01:20.918
- In the remaking.

01:01:20.919 --> 01:01:22.333
That\'s a good phrase.

01:01:22.334 --> 01:01:23.042
- Nine years ago

01:01:23.043 --> 01:01:24.500
since it\'s been in there.

01:01:24.501 --> 01:01:25.292
- Yeah.

01:01:25.293 --> 01:01:28.291
- Nine years.

01:01:28.292 --> 01:01:31.249
- Tell Linda come back. She\'s

01:01:31.250 --> 01:01:34.041
gotta see this... All right,

01:01:34.042 --> 01:01:37.292
bye. You gotta see this.

01:01:56.292 --> 01:01:58.750
- At the same time, everybody.

01:01:58.751 --> 01:02:02.208
One, two, three.

01:02:02.209 --> 01:02:05.250
(cheering and applause)

01:02:18.751 --> 01:02:19.584
- Here they are.

01:02:19.585 --> 01:02:21.458
- You found one. Okay. Great.

01:02:21.459 --> 01:02:23.583
- Right here. You have to get

01:02:23.584 --> 01:02:24.958
beyond the reflection.

01:02:24.959 --> 01:02:25.626
- Wow!

01:02:25.627 --> 01:02:26.750
- He\'s huge.

01:02:26.751 --> 01:02:27.292
- Wow!

01:02:27.292 --> 01:02:28.292
- Right? Well, there\'s

01:02:28.293 --> 01:02:29.833
schools of them in here.

01:02:29.834 --> 01:02:31.458
- Look at him, right there.

01:02:31.459 --> 01:02:33.208
- I don\'t have my, uh...

01:02:33.209 --> 01:02:35.208
- That came up the ladder?

01:02:35.209 --> 01:02:37.292
Wow.

01:02:45.501 --> 01:02:47.291
- This used to be, besides,

01:02:47.292 --> 01:02:49.291
uh... what it is now, a

01:02:49.292 --> 01:02:51.291
parking lot. So this is what

01:02:51.292 --> 01:02:53.041
we\'ve done to the parking

01:02:53.042 --> 01:02:54.625
over here. We now have

01:02:54.626 --> 01:02:55.999
a how-many-storey...?

01:02:56.000 --> 01:02:57.291
- Six-storey, 300-car...

01:02:57.292 --> 01:02:58.500
- Six-storey parking garage,

01:02:58.501 --> 01:03:00.541
which seems a lot better use

01:03:00.542 --> 01:03:02.958
for that space. And this is a

01:03:02.959 --> 01:03:07.166
much better use for this space.

01:03:07.167 --> 01:03:08.875
- There are plans underway

01:03:08.876 --> 01:03:11.208
to put residential along this

01:03:11.209 --> 01:03:13.333
entire block. They\'ll be putting

01:03:13.334 --> 01:03:15.708
residential above retail on the

01:03:15.709 --> 01:03:18.082
first floors. They\'re looking at

01:03:18.083 --> 01:03:20.041
restaurants, they\'re looking at

01:03:20.042 --> 01:03:21.500
second-storey overlooks

01:03:21.501 --> 01:03:24.250
into this stream.

01:03:26.292 --> 01:03:29.500
- Now that I can see the river,

01:03:29.501 --> 01:03:31.833
the future, I believe, is

01:03:31.834 --> 01:03:33.999
bright. I am hanging on,

01:03:34.000 --> 01:03:36.291
because the project is almost

01:03:36.292 --> 01:03:38.875
finished and I am hoping that

01:03:38.876 --> 01:03:41.541
the 300-car garage, one block

01:03:41.542 --> 01:03:43.791
away, will open soon. I\'m

01:03:43.792 --> 01:03:46.374
hoping that we\'d get back to

01:03:46.375 --> 01:03:49.166
sales, well, that I used to

01:03:49.167 --> 01:03:51.791
have. If it\'s greater, I mean,

01:03:51.792 --> 01:03:54.041
I would be overjoyed... um,

01:03:54.042 --> 01:03:56.291
at this point, having lost...

01:03:56.292 --> 01:03:58.875
having lost so much money.

01:03:58.876 --> 01:04:00.082
(laughing)

01:04:00.083 --> 01:04:01.625
- Really?

01:04:01.626 --> 01:04:03.208
- So we\'re gonna use these nets

01:04:03.209 --> 01:04:04.917
and we\'re gonna see if we can

01:04:04.918 --> 01:04:06.166
catch some of the little

01:04:06.167 --> 01:04:07.000
babies, the little fish

01:04:07.001 --> 01:04:08.291
nurseries that are over here.

01:04:08.292 --> 01:04:09.875
(man): I would also try just

01:04:09.876 --> 01:04:11.500
lifting up some small rocks and

01:04:11.501 --> 01:04:13.124
stuff, too, because some, uh...

01:04:13.125 --> 01:04:15.751
finding some stuff that way.

01:04:28.417 --> 01:04:30.666
(woman): I caught one!

01:04:30.667 --> 01:04:31.750
(all cheering)

01:04:31.751 --> 01:04:32.791
- Whoo-hoo!

01:04:32.792 --> 01:04:33.792
- All right.

01:04:33.793 --> 01:04:37.416
- First catch!

01:04:37.417 --> 01:04:39.458
- Now we know that\'s where they

01:04:39.459 --> 01:04:40.666
come from, that they\'re

01:04:40.667 --> 01:04:42.291
obviously being born here and

01:04:42.292 --> 01:04:44.041
so it\'s really cool. That\'s

01:04:44.042 --> 01:04:44.959
what we\'re catching,

01:04:44.960 --> 01:04:46.041
the little black...

01:04:46.042 --> 01:04:46.375
- Oh, cool.

01:04:46.376 --> 01:04:47.958
- That little guy. Yeah.

01:04:47.959 --> 01:04:50.291
- Wait a minute. Did I catch

01:04:50.292 --> 01:04:51.625
another one? Yep.

01:04:51.626 --> 01:04:52.375
- Kiss him!

01:04:52.376 --> 01:04:55.666
No, no, no, no! Come on.

01:04:55.667 --> 01:04:57.291
Come on. Ah!

01:04:57.292 --> 01:04:57.626
(laughter)

01:04:57.627 --> 01:04:59.917
- So you\'re very happy with what

01:04:59.918 --> 01:05:01.750
you found here today, right?

01:05:01.751 --> 01:05:02.375
- I\'m ecstatic!

01:05:02.376 --> 01:05:04.875
- Good. Why? Why are you

01:05:04.876 --> 01:05:07.374
ecstatic? What does that show?

01:05:07.375 --> 01:05:09.917
- Well, it shows that we

01:05:09.918 --> 01:05:12.291
actually built a totally new

01:05:12.292 --> 01:05:15.291
river. It actually is a living

01:05:15.292 --> 01:05:18.625
river. It has living things in

01:05:18.626 --> 01:05:21.959
it and they seem to be thriving.

01:05:24.918 --> 01:05:26.124
- It\'s a crayfish.

01:05:26.125 --> 01:05:27.583
- I don\'t know how

01:05:27.584 --> 01:05:28.584
they found him.

01:05:28.585 --> 01:05:30.917
- See? You wanna touch it?

01:05:30.918 --> 01:05:31.292
- Okay.

01:05:31.293 --> 01:05:33.249
(man): You can, you can. I mean,

01:05:33.250 --> 01:05:37.291
the claws are so tiny.

01:05:37.292 --> 01:05:39.333
- They think nature is gonna

01:05:39.334 --> 01:05:41.249
revitalize Yonkers. The power

01:05:41.250 --> 01:05:43.374
of nature actually will generate

01:05:43.375 --> 01:05:46.291
the power of people in this

01:05:46.292 --> 01:05:48.041
area. So that\'s, uh...

01:05:48.042 --> 01:05:49.875
And that\'s what we\'re

01:05:49.876 --> 01:05:52.292
looking forward to.

01:05:57.292 --> 01:05:59.834
(soft music)

01:06:39.042 --> 01:06:41.292
(soft music)

01:06:53.083 --> 01:06:54.374
- You know what\'s interesting

01:06:54.375 --> 01:06:56.291
about the Garrison Creek route,

01:06:56.292 --> 01:06:58.291
tough, is that some naturalists

01:06:58.292 --> 01:07:00.166
have said that birds still

01:07:00.167 --> 01:07:01.500
follow the migratory route,

01:07:01.501 --> 01:07:03.041
following down the Garrison

01:07:03.042 --> 01:07:04.917
ravine. Even though the ravine

01:07:04.918 --> 01:07:06.291
really isn\'t here anymore,

01:07:06.292 --> 01:07:09.292
they still follow that route.

01:07:39.626 --> 01:07:42.042
(soft music)

01:07:46.459 --> 01:07:48.583
(man): Human River isn\'t just

01:07:48.584 --> 01:07:50.291
about remembering the creek

01:07:50.292 --> 01:07:52.291
that\'s gone. It\'s also about

01:07:52.292 --> 01:07:54.082
reminding ourselves and our

01:07:54.083 --> 01:07:56.082
community that the river is

01:07:56.083 --> 01:07:58.292
still flowing here underground.

01:08:00.751 --> 01:08:02.291
And if you press your face

01:08:02.292 --> 01:08:03.625
to the lid, look closely,

01:08:03.626 --> 01:08:04.626
you can actually see

01:08:04.627 --> 01:08:08.291
the water flowing by.

01:08:08.292 --> 01:08:11.250
(girl): I see it.

01:08:13.459 --> 01:08:16.292
(indistinct chatter)

01:08:18.751 --> 01:08:21.082
(woman): No, he ran away.

01:08:21.083 --> 01:08:23.583
(indistinct chatter)

01:08:23.584 --> 01:08:25.958
- 70%, 80% of the young

01:08:25.959 --> 01:08:27.500
people live in urban

01:08:27.501 --> 01:08:29.750
environments. If we have no

01:08:29.751 --> 01:08:32.124
urban environment for them to

01:08:32.125 --> 01:08:35.208
touch or to feel or to get

01:08:35.209 --> 01:08:37.374
excited about, where are we

01:08:37.375 --> 01:08:39.166
gonna get these... our

01:08:39.167 --> 01:08:40.917
scientists and our ecologists?

01:08:40.918 --> 01:08:43.291
And the engineers who think

01:08:43.292 --> 01:08:44.333
about the environment?

01:08:44.334 --> 01:08:47.626
Where are we gonna find them?

01:09:00.334 --> 01:09:01.625
(narrator): We have always

01:09:01.626 --> 01:09:03.082
gathered by the shores

01:09:03.083 --> 01:09:05.292
of rivers.

01:09:07.417 --> 01:09:09.124
As most of the world\'s

01:09:09.125 --> 01:09:10.875
population lives in cities and

01:09:10.876 --> 01:09:12.374
we continue to become an

01:09:12.375 --> 01:09:14.583
even more urban race, we have

01:09:14.584 --> 01:09:16.291
no choice but to make

01:09:16.292 --> 01:09:18.834
our cities livable.

01:09:22.167 --> 01:09:24.291
Perhaps the answer lies in

01:09:24.292 --> 01:09:26.333
connecting to the shores of

01:09:26.334 --> 01:09:28.791
rivers once again, in turning

01:09:28.792 --> 01:09:30.541
to the natural world

01:09:30.542 --> 01:09:33.042
we have hidden.

01:09:39.667 --> 01:09:41.374
- Whenever we do construction,

01:09:41.375 --> 01:09:43.541
we forget about the previous

01:09:43.542 --> 01:09:46.208
pictures. But this is a very

01:09:46.209 --> 01:09:48.291
big mistake we made, covering

01:09:48.292 --> 01:09:50.917
up the stream, so I think

01:09:50.918 --> 01:09:53.291
we have to really give our

01:09:53.292 --> 01:09:55.249
education to our descendants,

01:09:55.250 --> 01:09:58.501
not to make same mistake twice.

01:12:16.167 --> 01:12:19.292
Subtitling: CNST, Montreal