WEBVTT

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- Well, I\'m waiting
for the seals to come around.

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I\'m waiting for my dinner,

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but they\'re not coming around
at all.

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Normally we have a lot of seals
here this time of the year,

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but either they\'re very late

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coming down from up north, or...

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It\'s just been so warm.

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It\'s October 12th now.

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Normally most of this ocean
water in the lagoon

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would be frozen,

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but, uh, it\'s not even showing
any signs of freezing up.

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We hear a lot
about this global warming,

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and we certainly believe
that it\'s happening,

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because we\'re having
a lot of problems

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with very high water
from the ocean,

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the water level rising,

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eroding our island away.

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(radio): Shishmaref, Kivalina
and Red Dog Port,

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about 8 with numerous showers
and areas of fog.

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Highs in the lower 40s
to lower 50s.

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Southwest winds,
5 to 15 miles per hour.

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That\'s the climate information
for today.

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The normal high for today,

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60 degrees.

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The normal low for today,
49 degrees.

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Sunrise this morning

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was at 3:28 a.m.

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Sunset will be at 2:28 a.m.,

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early Friday, giving us

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22 hours and 58 minutes
of possible sunshine,

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and that is a loss
of 1 minute and 2 seconds

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from yesterday.

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You are listening to KOTZ radio.

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- You can use a white base
in here.

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Yeah, instead of the black one.

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- We\'re finishing off

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our emergency project
as a result from the storm,

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from last October 5 to 7,

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and they\'ll run from this end

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all the way
to the centre of town,

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which is about 406 feet.

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That\'s good enough.

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Uh, Chris...

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What we\'re putting in right now
is only temporary protection.

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So it all depends on the storm.
Each year it\'s worse.

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You can see the gabions
we put in last year,

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you can see how much footage

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that we\'ve lost since last Fall.

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- The projections in Alaska

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are for much greater amounts
of warming.

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There will be less snow cover,

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and so there will
actually be then...

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The darker earth will warm

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and amplify
the warming signal there.

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And so, let\'s look at the 2050s,

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the range
is from three to four degrees,

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in the 2080s,

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and in the highest scenario,

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it\'s going all the way up
to seven degrees C.

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This is huge amounts of warming.

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(radio): Cloud and showers
continue to affect it...

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And the forecast for tonight:

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mostly cloudy
with occasional showers.

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West to northwest winds:

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10 to 15 knots
prior to thunderstorms.

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(thunder rumbling)

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- This line here
used to be there;

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along there,
where the gabion baskets are.

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Now the shoreline
is about 3 metres inland.

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Land in Tuvalu is not growing,

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instead it\'s getting
lesser and lesser

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with the rising sea level.

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- Tuvalu
is a very low-lying atoll;

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it\'s only three to four metres
high on top of the water.

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When you have a rising sea level

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growing up over the years,

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it is a threat,
it is a real threat

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to the lands that we have now.

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Even in one of the islands
that used to be there,

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Tepuka,

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it\'s now the whole islet

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where you used to have
bigger trees and...

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it\'s all gone.

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Now it\'s just a reef;
no more land there.

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It\'s very sad to see,

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part of the islands
disappearing, you know,

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Where I used to play
is disappearing away,

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never to appear again,
I don\'t know.

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- We see
for the South Pacific site,

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not as great amounts of warming
for the island itself

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as we saw in Alaska.

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But both will be subject

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to the global sea-level rise.

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Probably these are

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the most vulnerable places
across the whole earth,

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in terms of human habitation.

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These are on the front lines
of the global warming,

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and as you\'ve seen,

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and the inhabitants
of these islands are seeing,

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these effects are already
starting to happen.

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(radio): Plenty of sunshine
for the afternoon hours.

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It\'ll stay chilly though;
high, 36.

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Watch for the freezing
of wet areas

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in the evening.
Clear and cold tonight.

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About 24, midtown;
16 in many suburbs.

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It should drop
into the single digits

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in some of the
coldest suburbs...

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This with snow cover.
It\'s very common

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to happen all across
the Midwest.

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Sunshine, not as cold tomorrow;
high, 42.

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- This is
the Rockaway Peninsula.

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It\'s on the southeast side
of New York City,

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so Manhattan is over that way.

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In fact, we\'re standing here on
what\'s called a barrier island,

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and barrier islands
are very important

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in this part of the world.

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They\'re big chunks of sand

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that protect
the inhabited areas...

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As we see over there,
very densely inhabited...

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From storms and from tides.

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The problem is
that in the future,

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global warming will bring about
further sea-level rise

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and sea-level rise gradually
eats away at the sand,

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erodes it or submerges it,

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and over time,

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these barrier islands will not
just move towards the mainland,

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they may gradually disappear.

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Right around here.

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Let\'s see, 42, 48,

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51, 54, 60...

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Okay.

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So let me show you.

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This is maybe a foot higher than
at the edge of the water, okay?

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If the sea level
goes up two feet,

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which is kind of
the average prediction

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for the end of the century,

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then right up to here
is completely taken away.

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When the storms come in,

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it pushes the water three,
four, five...

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In a hundred years,
it\'s 10 feet higher.

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Well, 10 feet is, you know...

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it\'s all the way back
to where those stores are.

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So during the storms, this will
all be flooded, the whole thing.

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(TV): New York City,
flooded to a depth of many feet,

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staggers under the fury
of a 100-mile-an-hour hurricane

00:10:56.625 --> 00:10:59.000
lashing America\'s
Atlantic seaboard.

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Along the exposed waterfront,

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homes are ripped
from their foundation

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to become a shattered mess
of floating debris.

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Thousands are made homeless
by the swelling waters

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and while the evacuation
of families goes on,

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a state of emergency
is proclaimed in New York.

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LaGuardia Airport,

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under 3 feet of water,

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becomes more like a mooring
for flying boats

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than New York\'s
busiest airfield.

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- New York City
has three major airports,

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and all of them sit very close
to the sea level.

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The airports always flooded
during major storms

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that are typical of happening
once every 100 years.

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The trouble is,
that in the future,

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those 100-year floods may happen
as often as almost every year.

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And you can see that right here,

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this causeway which carries
the subway out to Rockaway

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is built very close to sea level

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and already, in storms,
it would be flooded.

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This is just an indication

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of all the very expensive
infrastructure

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that was built right close
to sea level

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by people who didn\'t realize

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that sea-level rise
would ever be a problem.

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(radio): Thousands of people

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were evacuated
as America\'s northeast coast

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was hit by the worst storms
in over a generation.

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Governors in three states

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declared emergencies.

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New Jersey took the brunt with
winds up to 90 miles an hour

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and with tides
five feet higher than normal.

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Getting around was precarious
as New Yorkers battled

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hurricane-force winds

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and the city subway system
was closed.

00:12:38.083 --> 00:12:41.999
Those who had to travel
had to find their own means.

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- What you see on the screen

00:12:45.417 --> 00:12:46.250
are two simulations

00:12:46.251 --> 00:12:49.082
of the models
of two possible futures.

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The one on the right
is for lower amounts,

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and this one
is for higher amounts,

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of greenhouse-gas
emissions.

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We never just do one projection,

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because if you do
one projection,

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you are going to start
to believe it.

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\"Oh, yes, this is our
prediction of the future.\"

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We always look
at a range of projections...

00:13:10.999 --> 00:13:16.332
In this case 2, but in other
cases, 3, 4, 5 and many.

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Because we need to know
the range

00:13:19.291 --> 00:13:22.582
from the best case
to also the worst case;

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what we call them
is \"scenarios of the future.\"

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Now, there we see
greater amounts of warming,

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leading in the 2080s

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to three-and-a-half degrees
of warming here,

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which is a considerable amount
of warming.

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I think all the islands are both
facing very serious threat,

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from the...

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and vulnerability
to the sea-level rise.

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That\'s what we identified
in our coastal city of New York.

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But these levels are so high,

00:13:56.875 --> 00:13:59.916
that it\'s really, potentially,

00:13:59.917 --> 00:14:02.791
very, very different
ways of life.

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So it\'s definitely a concern.

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Definitely, I would say.

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Definitely a concern.

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- Ready?
- Yeah.

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- Come on. This way.

00:14:34.917 --> 00:14:36.124
I first got interested
in this whole thing

00:14:36.125 --> 00:14:38.999
when I was a little boy. I used
to be fascinated by weather,

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I used to stare out the window
with the snow falling.

00:14:41.999 --> 00:14:45.750
And I use to keep
a little weather journal.

00:14:46.999 --> 00:14:50.875
So I\'ve always been
kind of a weather nut.

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- Well, we\'ve had no snow

00:15:06.708 --> 00:15:07.500
for at least two years,

00:15:07.501 --> 00:15:10.998
so the last time he went
sledding he was two years old;

00:15:10.999 --> 00:15:14.499
he\'s four now, so
that\'s half of his entire life

00:15:14.500 --> 00:15:15.916
that he hasn\'t been sledding,

00:15:15.917 --> 00:15:18.040
and we don\'t know
when there\'ll be snow again,

00:15:18.041 --> 00:15:20.707
so we really wanted
to take advantage of today

00:15:20.708 --> 00:15:22.998
and go sledding, because
this is the first

00:15:22.999 --> 00:15:26.998
really nice snowfall we\'ve had
in, as I said, two years.

00:15:26.999 --> 00:15:28.165
- Let me go!

00:15:28.166 --> 00:15:31.917
- No, we\'ll do it together.
Just sit right here.

00:15:54.834 --> 00:15:57.750
(humming)

00:16:00.750 --> 00:16:03.374
- This is the start
of my garden.

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From there, to there,

00:16:07.667 --> 00:16:09.124
and to the end,

00:16:09.125 --> 00:16:12.040
and it goes far up
the other side.

00:16:12.041 --> 00:16:14.124
Come around.

00:16:14.125 --> 00:16:16.499
When I come down
to my traditional garden,

00:16:16.500 --> 00:16:19.998
it\'s a place
where I can sort of get away

00:16:19.999 --> 00:16:23.207
from the new type of life,

00:16:23.208 --> 00:16:24.998
sort of trying to get there.

00:16:24.999 --> 00:16:27.124
When I get down to work
at something

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which is the actual thing
that... I live on that.

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Even if I don\'t get any pay
from anywhere,

00:16:33.999 --> 00:16:37.374
I can still live with this.

00:16:37.375 --> 00:16:39.998
(whispering)

00:16:39.999 --> 00:16:42.374
When I work, I talk to myself,

00:16:42.375 --> 00:16:44.541
I talk to the plants.
I even say,

00:16:44.542 --> 00:16:49.875
\"I plant this for my
grandchildren, for my children.\"

00:16:57.208 --> 00:17:02.416
This one,
I started working since 1978.

00:17:02.417 --> 00:17:07.959
But then, there have been
problems with it.

00:17:08.750 --> 00:17:12.082
They go brown,
because probably of the sea;

00:17:12.083 --> 00:17:15.624
from underneath
the level of the sea.

00:17:15.625 --> 00:17:18.124
You can see now

00:17:18.125 --> 00:17:20.207
the earth is wet.

00:17:20.208 --> 00:17:24.416
And the level of the sea,

00:17:24.417 --> 00:17:27.874
of the sea-salt water

00:17:27.875 --> 00:17:32.416
is up somewhere there;
up and down.

00:17:32.417 --> 00:17:34.998
Because it\'s too salty,

00:17:34.999 --> 00:17:39.998
it\'s started to be brown,
every plant,

00:17:39.999 --> 00:17:43.875
so I had to go higher.

00:18:06.417 --> 00:18:08.290
- There is one thing
I don\'t understand,

00:18:08.291 --> 00:18:10.457
is how some of these things
have managed...

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- I always just do it,
trial and error.

00:18:35.542 --> 00:18:38.875
- I always have a cigarette!

00:18:41.208 --> 00:18:43.998
- That\'s in the lagoon
in front of the coral,

00:18:43.999 --> 00:18:45.124
almost to the left a little bit.

00:18:45.125 --> 00:18:47.998
- You got to shoot them
from the boat?

00:18:47.999 --> 00:18:52.625
- Yeah. I tried
with a pistol at first.

00:18:57.000 --> 00:18:59.040
- I\'ve never forgotten

00:18:59.041 --> 00:19:03.124
what my grandpa said to me.

00:19:03.125 --> 00:19:06.916
\"Always ask people
if they\'re hungry.

00:19:06.917 --> 00:19:09.124
If they\'re hungry, feed them.\"

00:19:09.125 --> 00:19:10.916
And he said,

00:19:10.917 --> 00:19:12.874
\"Never ask for pay, either.

00:19:12.875 --> 00:19:15.582
Because your pay is gonna be
when you go hunting

00:19:15.583 --> 00:19:17.416
the game\'s gonna be
easy to get.\"

00:19:17.417 --> 00:19:20.998
Of course,
when we were growing up,

00:19:20.999 --> 00:19:23.833
there was no such thing as...

00:19:23.834 --> 00:19:27.290
You tell somebody
to haul you water,

00:19:27.291 --> 00:19:28.791
we didn\'t ask them, as kids,

00:19:28.792 --> 00:19:32.833
\"How much are you going
to pay me?\" We just did it.

00:19:32.834 --> 00:19:38.083
For the sake of being
a community member, so...

00:19:48.375 --> 00:19:53.124
- Lifestyle nowadays
is a lot different, you know.

00:19:53.125 --> 00:19:56.874
Grandparents and parents
were so strict

00:19:56.875 --> 00:19:58.499
in this community,

00:19:58.500 --> 00:20:01.332
there used to be
a 3-foot-wide path

00:20:01.333 --> 00:20:02.291
that everybody walked down,

00:20:02.292 --> 00:20:06.707
and on the side of that little
path that people walked on,

00:20:06.708 --> 00:20:08.998
there was flowers, grass...

00:20:08.999 --> 00:20:12.624
It was a beautiful little town.

00:20:12.625 --> 00:20:15.375
But nowadays it\'s all sand.

00:20:16.417 --> 00:20:20.582
I heard that there\'s
quite a bit of money

00:20:20.583 --> 00:20:23.249
to dig out the coffins
and move them.

00:20:23.250 --> 00:20:26.998
And from what I understand,

00:20:26.999 --> 00:20:30.332
there is more money
to move the dead

00:20:30.333 --> 00:20:35.875
than to save
the live ones, so...

00:20:38.375 --> 00:20:40.666
- Can you give me a hand, here?

00:20:40.667 --> 00:20:43.541
We gotta turn it around.

00:20:43.542 --> 00:20:46.457
We\'re having a public meeting.

00:20:46.458 --> 00:20:50.916
It\'s a meeting to update
the public on our...

00:20:50.917 --> 00:20:56.999
erosion and relocation issues.

00:21:02.417 --> 00:21:05.708
This is Shishmaref here.

00:21:06.333 --> 00:21:09.998
And these sites are
the potential evacuation sites

00:21:09.999 --> 00:21:14.166
that we\'re going to be doing
soil studies.

00:21:17.708 --> 00:21:20.999
- Hi.
- Hi.

00:21:28.125 --> 00:21:31.792
- Long time no see.
- Good to see you.

00:21:43.708 --> 00:21:47.040
- Today is Wednesday, July 10th,

00:21:47.041 --> 00:21:51.791
and I\'ll call this meeting
to order.

00:21:51.792 --> 00:21:54.707
At 12:45,

00:21:54.708 --> 00:21:56.124
I\'ll ask

00:21:56.125 --> 00:22:00.249
Pastor Tim Oslovich
to do the invocation.

00:22:00.250 --> 00:22:04.208
- Let us pray.

00:22:09.250 --> 00:22:12.749
Lord our God, our creator,
maker of Heaven and Earth,

00:22:12.750 --> 00:22:14.791
we give you thanks

00:22:14.792 --> 00:22:16.998
that you continue
to watch over us

00:22:16.999 --> 00:22:18.998
and protect us in these days

00:22:18.999 --> 00:22:20.998
when we fear storms on the sea.

00:22:20.999 --> 00:22:24.999
We pray that you will continue
to guide our coalition

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:26.874
as they make decisions.

00:22:26.875 --> 00:22:29.998
We pray, too
for people who make decisions

00:22:29.999 --> 00:22:30.999
in other places,

00:22:31.000 --> 00:22:32.998
people at the state
and federal government,

00:22:32.999 --> 00:22:35.998
that you will give them wisdom
and compassion

00:22:35.999 --> 00:22:37.290
to help us with our problems.

00:22:37.291 --> 00:22:41.165
And we ask, Lord, that you would
bless us as we gather today

00:22:41.166 --> 00:22:43.541
so that your spirit
would be with us,

00:22:43.542 --> 00:22:44.998
that we might make
good decisions

00:22:44.999 --> 00:22:49.541
and be encouraged to do
your work and save our village.

00:22:49.542 --> 00:22:50.999
Amen.

00:22:51.000 --> 00:22:54.166
- Thank you, Pastor Tim.

00:22:59.291 --> 00:23:02.458
(singing religious hymn)

00:23:37.291 --> 00:23:41.207
- I do not know
what is going to happen

00:23:41.208 --> 00:23:43.998
if these islands are submerged.

00:23:43.999 --> 00:23:47.040
Where are we going
to be relocated?

00:23:47.041 --> 00:23:49.833
That I do not know now

00:23:49.834 --> 00:23:52.998
and I haven\'t made
any arrangements for it.

00:23:52.999 --> 00:23:56.998
- The possibility
to be moved, yes.

00:23:56.999 --> 00:24:00.124
I think it will be
very, very hard,

00:24:00.125 --> 00:24:01.916
especially for us older people

00:24:01.917 --> 00:24:04.998
who have been brought up
here, you know.

00:24:04.999 --> 00:24:09.874
And also because
it was our country,

00:24:09.875 --> 00:24:11.499
our land and everything.

00:24:11.500 --> 00:24:15.290
It\'s our country,
it\'s my land, this.

00:24:15.291 --> 00:24:17.207
If I move away,

00:24:17.208 --> 00:24:19.165
I have to sort of...

00:24:19.166 --> 00:24:21.290
get used to another type of land

00:24:21.291 --> 00:24:25.374
and because it doesn\'t belong
to me from the start,

00:24:25.375 --> 00:24:26.541
it belongs to other people,

00:24:26.542 --> 00:24:32.458
I have to follow their way
of life. I suppose I have to.

00:24:41.166 --> 00:24:44.666
- The Tuvalu people
are a Christian people

00:24:44.667 --> 00:24:45.998
and they believe in God.

00:24:45.999 --> 00:24:47.998
They believe that God
created these islands

00:24:47.999 --> 00:24:49.998
and they\'re going
to remain here forever.

00:24:49.999 --> 00:24:54.582
Personally, I, too,
also believe in that.

00:24:54.583 --> 00:24:57.750
(singing religious hymn)

00:25:32.542 --> 00:25:35.165
- We like the local food here...

00:25:35.166 --> 00:25:37.541
The fish, the seal, the ducks...

00:25:37.542 --> 00:25:42.457
And if we have to move to a
different village or something,

00:25:42.458 --> 00:25:45.916
then we\'re gonna miss
our own food here.

00:25:45.917 --> 00:25:46.999
That\'s our biggest concern.

00:25:47.000 --> 00:25:49.958
We don\'t want move away
from this area.

00:25:49.959 --> 00:25:52.916
- This where the new village
is gonna be,

00:25:52.917 --> 00:25:54.999
behind them hills.
New Shishmaref!

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.998
So maybe behind
those hills some place,

00:25:59.999 --> 00:26:02.374
will be new Shishmaref
for you kids.

00:26:02.375 --> 00:26:03.998
When you get married,

00:26:03.999 --> 00:26:07.999
you\'ll have new houses,
new village. Ha! Ha! Ha!

00:26:11.625 --> 00:26:15.499
- The new village is going
to have to be at least

00:26:15.500 --> 00:26:18.124
two or three miles away
from this coast,

00:26:18.125 --> 00:26:19.791
which means

00:26:19.792 --> 00:26:21.499
that the docking of our boats,

00:26:21.500 --> 00:26:23.998
we\'re going to have to have
roads to have access

00:26:23.999 --> 00:26:27.958
to where our boats
are docked in this bay.

00:26:27.959 --> 00:26:30.416
So it\'s going to be
a different lifestyle.

00:26:30.417 --> 00:26:34.208
We\'re just going to have
to adapt to it.

00:27:39.291 --> 00:27:43.124
- Of course,
there\'s pollution all over.

00:27:43.125 --> 00:27:47.791
In our waters,
on the land, in the air.

00:27:47.792 --> 00:27:49.999
So that has a lot of effect

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:52.499
on all the animals and wildlife

00:27:52.500 --> 00:27:55.542
that we depend on up here.

00:27:57.458 --> 00:27:58.998
I\'m sure it comes from...

00:27:58.999 --> 00:28:02.998
It\'s not coming from here,
its coming from somewhere else.

00:28:02.999 --> 00:28:06.998
Big cities possibly,

00:28:06.999 --> 00:28:09.416
maybe factories,

00:28:09.417 --> 00:28:13.541
and a lot of other things
that happened years ago,

00:28:13.542 --> 00:28:16.707
which is causing it...

00:28:16.708 --> 00:28:18.998
to occur now,

00:28:18.999 --> 00:28:22.250
the way I see it.

00:28:42.291 --> 00:28:44.249
- A very wide variety
of human activities

00:28:44.250 --> 00:28:47.082
lead to the emissions
of the greenhouse gases,

00:28:47.083 --> 00:28:51.207
but the most important ones
are the burning of coal,

00:28:51.208 --> 00:28:53.874
oil, and natural gas,

00:28:53.875 --> 00:28:55.416
which powers our society.

00:28:55.417 --> 00:28:57.833
More then three-quarters
of the energy

00:28:57.834 --> 00:28:59.165
that humans produce and use

00:28:59.166 --> 00:29:01.998
comes from the burning
of fossil fuels

00:29:01.999 --> 00:29:03.374
and this produces
carbon dioxide.

00:29:03.375 --> 00:29:06.624
The reason for that
is the fossil fuels themselves

00:29:06.625 --> 00:29:09.998
originate in plants
that took carbon dioxide

00:29:09.999 --> 00:29:13.290
out of the atmosphere,
long ago, millions of years ago,

00:29:13.291 --> 00:29:14.582
and were buried
deep underground.

00:29:14.583 --> 00:29:18.374
Now that human beings
are pulling up in the space

00:29:18.375 --> 00:29:20.040
of two- or three-hundred years,

00:29:20.041 --> 00:29:22.374
millions of years
of carbon sediments

00:29:22.375 --> 00:29:24.082
and we\'re turning them
into carbon dioxide,

00:29:24.083 --> 00:29:28.332
and that is going to have a
profound effect on the climate.

00:29:28.333 --> 00:29:30.998
So every time
you turn on the switch

00:29:30.999 --> 00:29:32.998
to make a refrigerator run

00:29:32.999 --> 00:29:34.998
or an electric light bulb
turn on,

00:29:34.999 --> 00:29:37.998
at the power-plant end
of the wires,

00:29:37.999 --> 00:29:40.416
usually carbon dioxide
is produced.

00:29:40.417 --> 00:29:41.833
So this is very fundamental

00:29:41.834 --> 00:29:44.916
to almost all our activities...
Heating homes,

00:29:44.917 --> 00:29:46.998
running factories, you name it,

00:29:46.999 --> 00:29:49.165
carbon dioxide
is basically involved

00:29:49.166 --> 00:29:51.583
in the equation somewhere.

00:29:53.834 --> 00:29:55.959
Okay?

00:30:11.999 --> 00:30:13.998
This is a nice
16-, 17-pound turkey

00:30:13.999 --> 00:30:17.998
and to cook it
without any stuffing

00:30:17.999 --> 00:30:19.833
would take maybe two hours,

00:30:19.834 --> 00:30:22.791
but I\'m going to put
all of this stuffing in it,

00:30:22.792 --> 00:30:24.416
and then it\'s going to take
three hours.

00:30:24.417 --> 00:30:27.998
And the reason is, that instead
of just having this shell,

00:30:27.999 --> 00:30:29.541
this thin shell of meat,

00:30:29.542 --> 00:30:31.998
you\'ve got all this
other stuff on the inside

00:30:31.999 --> 00:30:33.916
that has to be heated up.

00:30:33.917 --> 00:30:35.958
And that\'s a lot like the earth

00:30:35.959 --> 00:30:37.707
with regard to global warming.

00:30:37.708 --> 00:30:39.998
The atmosphere
is a very thin shell

00:30:39.999 --> 00:30:41.499
and actually if all we had...

00:30:41.500 --> 00:30:43.998
if the whole story
was the greenhouse effect,

00:30:43.999 --> 00:30:46.541
the atmosphere
would heat up very quickly...

00:30:46.542 --> 00:30:48.582
Almost immediately,
essentially...

00:30:48.583 --> 00:30:50.998
In response
to the buildup of gases.

00:30:50.999 --> 00:30:52.666
But that\'s not what happens.

00:30:52.667 --> 00:30:56.624
Because the oceans act
a lot like the stuffing...

00:30:56.625 --> 00:31:00.290
They kind of are
this huge, additional mass,

00:31:00.291 --> 00:31:01.457
which the shell,

00:31:01.458 --> 00:31:05.499
the thin shell of the atmosphere
is in contact with...

00:31:05.500 --> 00:31:07.707
There\'s a lag, an inertia.

00:31:07.708 --> 00:31:10.249
(TV): It wasn\'t my fault.

00:31:10.250 --> 00:31:12.582
The heating
corresponding to the buildup

00:31:12.583 --> 00:31:16.707
can drag out 30, 40, 50 years
or longer.

00:31:16.708 --> 00:31:18.999
The second consequence is
that when you finally are able

00:31:19.000 --> 00:31:22.916
to start limiting the amounts
of the gases in the atmosphere,

00:31:22.917 --> 00:31:24.749
there\'s a long lag

00:31:24.750 --> 00:31:26.582
between the actions
you might take,

00:31:26.583 --> 00:31:31.125
in terms of limiting emissions,
and the effect on temperature.

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:37.124
You have to think decades,

00:31:37.125 --> 00:31:38.998
and centuries even, in advance,

00:31:38.999 --> 00:31:42.165
but it\'s starting to become
apparent to most scientists

00:31:42.166 --> 00:31:44.165
that if we don\'t act soon,

00:31:44.166 --> 00:31:45.998
there is an increasing risk

00:31:45.999 --> 00:31:49.542
that something
will go seriously awry.

00:31:50.458 --> 00:31:53.998
- It\'s only when we put in
the realistic increase

00:31:53.999 --> 00:31:56.582
in the greenhouse gases
that we have observed,

00:31:56.583 --> 00:32:00.499
that we can then do
an accurate simulation

00:32:00.500 --> 00:32:02.582
of the temperature warming,

00:32:02.583 --> 00:32:04.749
of the warming
that we\'ve had so far.

00:32:04.750 --> 00:32:06.791
And this is one
of the major reasons

00:32:06.792 --> 00:32:09.998
why the scientists are bringing
forward the issue,

00:32:09.999 --> 00:32:11.998
that global warming is real.

00:32:11.999 --> 00:32:13.749
Because in our scientific
understanding,

00:32:13.750 --> 00:32:18.791
we cannot explain what we see
unless we put in those gases.

00:32:18.792 --> 00:32:21.416
- Hi. Good to see you.
- Good to see you.

00:32:21.417 --> 00:32:24.998
- The other ones
are lagging as usual.

00:32:24.999 --> 00:32:27.291
(chitchatting)

00:32:32.708 --> 00:32:35.165
- Okay, that\'s ready.

00:32:35.166 --> 00:32:38.499
- You publish both articles...

00:32:38.500 --> 00:32:39.998
- Yeah, both monthly updates.
Right.

00:32:39.999 --> 00:32:42.416
So if you\'re interested
in weather events

00:32:42.417 --> 00:32:44.749
that are happening
around the world...

00:32:44.750 --> 00:32:47.541
Droughts here or big storms
there or El Nino,

00:32:47.542 --> 00:32:49.916
or whatever is happening
with the coral reefs somewhere,

00:32:49.917 --> 00:32:52.874
or something like that...
I will throw that in.

00:32:52.875 --> 00:32:54.999
- Can I have big napkins

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:57.998
so they can wipe their faces?
- That\'s a good idea.

00:32:57.999 --> 00:33:00.541
Why don\'t you put them
on top of the plates.

00:33:00.542 --> 00:33:03.249
- Michael and I were saying
on Friday afternoon

00:33:03.250 --> 00:33:06.124
that for us, and I\'m sure
for you too,

00:33:06.125 --> 00:33:07.998
that it\'s been...

00:33:07.999 --> 00:33:10.457
something that we\'ve been
talking about

00:33:10.458 --> 00:33:11.749
for a long time,

00:33:11.750 --> 00:33:14.666
projecting, you know, into
the end of the 21th century,

00:33:14.667 --> 00:33:17.998
to have it be happening
so visibly,

00:33:17.999 --> 00:33:19.998
so concretely already,

00:33:19.999 --> 00:33:23.290
with beginning to have
these downstream effects,

00:33:23.291 --> 00:33:25.998
is actually quite amazing,
I think, for us,

00:33:25.999 --> 00:33:29.791
who have been working
in the area for a long time.

00:33:29.792 --> 00:33:30.625
- Well, it\'s a weird mixture

00:33:30.626 --> 00:33:33.541
of both very disturbing and
gratifying at the same time.

00:33:33.542 --> 00:33:35.624
You know, it\'s very scary,

00:33:35.625 --> 00:33:39.499
because, you know,
whatever is happening now to us

00:33:39.500 --> 00:33:40.998
is going to be, you know,

00:33:40.999 --> 00:33:43.374
10 times, 100 times worse
for our kids.

00:33:43.375 --> 00:33:48.916
I just feel sometimes outraged
and upset for their sake,

00:33:48.917 --> 00:33:50.582
if not for my own sake,

00:33:50.583 --> 00:33:52.998
that we\'re giving them
this horrible legacy

00:33:52.999 --> 00:33:58.959
that they\'re going to have
to deal with one way or another.

00:34:04.792 --> 00:34:07.124
- That\'s right. I remember...

00:34:07.125 --> 00:34:10.458
There\'s some gravy...

00:35:53.000 --> 00:35:55.749
- Are you gonna pull it back
or what?

00:35:55.750 --> 00:35:56.708
- Huh?

00:35:56.709 --> 00:35:58.457
- Are you gonna pull it
back now?

00:35:58.458 --> 00:36:00.374
- No, they\'re just lifting it
up a foot,

00:36:00.375 --> 00:36:01.916
so when they come back
in November...

00:36:01.917 --> 00:36:04.667
they don\'t want it
frozen to the ground.

00:36:15.208 --> 00:36:18.999
Every storm, it gets worse,
you know.

00:36:19.583 --> 00:36:22.666
Yeah, they moved
those two houses down there.

00:36:22.667 --> 00:36:27.499
Their front yard was a cliff,
you know,

00:36:27.500 --> 00:36:30.624
and they moved them back
50 feet.

00:36:30.625 --> 00:36:32.582
- They did already?

00:36:32.583 --> 00:36:34.749
- Yeah, they already moved it.

00:36:34.750 --> 00:36:36.374
Davis\'s house and Ruben\'s.

00:36:36.375 --> 00:36:38.874
- Huh. They moved them
50 feet, no problem.

00:36:38.875 --> 00:36:42.749
- They didn\'t even move
no furniture inside, nothing.

00:36:42.750 --> 00:36:45.998
They jacked them up,
put grease on planks,

00:36:45.999 --> 00:36:48.958
and slide them. Real simple.

00:36:48.959 --> 00:36:53.458
They didn\'t even move the
pictures or nothing on the wall.

00:36:58.500 --> 00:37:00.290
- My name\'s Roger Thompsom.

00:37:00.291 --> 00:37:03.666
I have a company. I call myself
Level Best Engineering.

00:37:03.667 --> 00:37:06.207
I move buildings
and I level buildings.

00:37:06.208 --> 00:37:10.082
We\'re sitting on frozen ground,
mostly, in Western Alaska.

00:37:10.083 --> 00:37:13.374
As the ground melts,
the houses settle.

00:37:13.375 --> 00:37:15.666
And when a house becomes...

00:37:15.667 --> 00:37:18.124
the doors don\'t work,
too many cracks in the rock,

00:37:18.125 --> 00:37:20.541
it looks unsafe,
it\'s going to fall over,

00:37:20.542 --> 00:37:23.125
that\'s when I get a call.

00:37:43.291 --> 00:37:46.457
With this house here,

00:37:46.458 --> 00:37:48.998
I moved it back about 50 feet.

00:37:48.999 --> 00:37:51.249
The front door was right here.

00:37:51.250 --> 00:37:56.165
Had about 20 feet left to go
before it went in the ocean.

00:37:56.166 --> 00:37:57.707
So we moved it back far enough

00:37:57.708 --> 00:38:03.875
that, Lord willing, it\'ll be
here for at least another month.

00:38:07.959 --> 00:38:09.998
As the weather changes...

00:38:09.999 --> 00:38:10.999
well, I get more work,

00:38:11.000 --> 00:38:13.457
so I can\'t say its threatening
my way of life.

00:38:13.458 --> 00:38:16.998
I get all the work I want,
because the houses are sinking,

00:38:16.999 --> 00:38:18.998
we have to move them.

00:38:18.999 --> 00:38:20.833
We don\'t get as many crab,

00:38:20.834 --> 00:38:22.165
we charge more money, you know.

00:38:22.166 --> 00:38:27.917
Heck, maybe in a few of years,
we\'ll start planting bananas.

00:38:46.708 --> 00:38:47.833
- To us,

00:38:47.834 --> 00:38:50.207
who have done little,
contributed nothing

00:38:50.208 --> 00:38:53.998
to this problem,
for us to be told

00:38:53.999 --> 00:38:55.833
to adapt,

00:38:55.834 --> 00:38:57.040
to be on our own,

00:38:57.041 --> 00:39:00.332
and try to cope
with these adverse effects,

00:39:00.333 --> 00:39:03.290
this is to us...

00:39:03.291 --> 00:39:05.416
it\'s like a denial

00:39:05.417 --> 00:39:08.083
of the rights to exist.

00:39:11.583 --> 00:39:13.999
(cars honking)

00:39:28.792 --> 00:39:30.624
- Hello.
- Hi.

00:39:30.625 --> 00:39:33.457
- Ambassador of Tuvalu.

00:39:33.458 --> 00:39:34.291
Yes. Yes.

00:39:34.292 --> 00:39:36.624
Are you going to call my name?
- Yes.

00:39:36.625 --> 00:39:37.749
My colleague is gonna be here

00:39:37.750 --> 00:39:40.958
and he will announce the names
in alphabetical order.

00:39:40.959 --> 00:39:42.874
- His Excellency,

00:39:42.875 --> 00:39:44.332
the Ambassador Extraordinary,

00:39:44.333 --> 00:39:47.457
and Plenipotentiary
Permanent Representative

00:39:47.458 --> 00:39:49.999
of Tuvalu.

00:39:50.875 --> 00:39:53.998
- For Tuvalu,
joining the United Nations

00:39:53.999 --> 00:39:55.998
was a big decision.

00:39:55.999 --> 00:39:57.998
I mean, we had to wait

00:39:57.999 --> 00:40:00.165
something like 23 years

00:40:00.166 --> 00:40:01.207
after independence.

00:40:01.208 --> 00:40:05.165
Because financially
the cost is very high,

00:40:05.166 --> 00:40:06.833
almost unbearable

00:40:06.834 --> 00:40:11.625
by a poor-resourced island
country like Tuvalu.

00:40:12.875 --> 00:40:15.499
- We have come together today

00:40:15.500 --> 00:40:17.791
to celebrate
the 20th anniversary

00:40:17.792 --> 00:40:20.998
of the 1982 United Nations
Convention,

00:40:20.999 --> 00:40:22.998
and the Law of the Sea.

00:40:22.999 --> 00:40:25.874
The oceans and the seas

00:40:25.875 --> 00:40:28.916
are vitally important
for the earth\'s eco-system.

00:40:28.917 --> 00:40:31.998
- The addressing
of climate change,

00:40:31.999 --> 00:40:34.791
or the adverse effects
of global warming,

00:40:34.792 --> 00:40:38.667
is the priority aim
of this mission.

00:40:39.166 --> 00:40:43.792
- Thank you very much for your
support on the ratification.

00:40:45.750 --> 00:40:47.333
Thank you.

00:40:48.500 --> 00:40:51.416
- If the convention
is to succeed

00:40:51.417 --> 00:40:52.375
in meeting these threats,

00:40:52.376 --> 00:40:55.457
cooperation and coordination
between states

00:40:55.458 --> 00:40:57.249
must be improved.

00:40:57.250 --> 00:40:58.998
- Equality is provided for

00:40:58.999 --> 00:41:01.707
in the charter
of the United Nations.

00:41:01.708 --> 00:41:04.541
Every member
has the right to speak,

00:41:04.542 --> 00:41:07.249
every member has the same vote.

00:41:07.250 --> 00:41:08.998
Of course we can,

00:41:08.999 --> 00:41:10.998
and we are,
trying to take advantage

00:41:10.999 --> 00:41:14.124
of the equality of treatment
in the United Nations.

00:41:14.125 --> 00:41:16.998
- I now give the floor
to the Primary Representative

00:41:16.999 --> 00:41:18.833
of Tuvalu.
You have the floor, sir.

00:41:18.834 --> 00:41:23.998
- Mr. Moderator,
a question that has come up

00:41:23.999 --> 00:41:25.082
is to what extent

00:41:25.083 --> 00:41:29.582
are the provisions
of the convention to take care

00:41:29.583 --> 00:41:33.582
of the rights of states,

00:41:33.583 --> 00:41:35.207
particularly those

00:41:35.208 --> 00:41:38.791
that are now predicted to be

00:41:38.792 --> 00:41:40.791
affected seriously,

00:41:40.792 --> 00:41:43.998
by effects of climate change

00:41:43.999 --> 00:41:45.791
and particularly sea-level rise.

00:41:45.792 --> 00:41:50.875
- Thank you very much. That\'s
an interesting question, sir.

00:41:55.041 --> 00:41:56.749
- Some days,

00:41:56.750 --> 00:41:59.082
I just come home

00:41:59.083 --> 00:42:00.707
and just ask myself,

00:42:00.708 --> 00:42:04.582
What am I doing here? People
don\'t seem to listen to me.

00:42:04.583 --> 00:42:09.082
I don\'t seem
to be getting anywhere.

00:42:09.083 --> 00:42:11.999
Nobody seems
to be paying attention

00:42:12.000 --> 00:42:14.499
to what I\'m saying

00:42:14.500 --> 00:42:16.124
about the problems

00:42:16.125 --> 00:42:20.083
that Tuvalu is facing
because of global warming.

00:42:21.999 --> 00:42:25.749
On a good day,
it takes 30 minutes by car.

00:42:25.750 --> 00:42:27.833
- Uh-huh.
That\'s the same with me.

00:42:27.834 --> 00:42:32.500
- But if traffic is bad,
one hour, one-and-a-half hour.

00:42:33.999 --> 00:42:35.040
- Hi, Michael.

00:42:35.041 --> 00:42:37.499
It was so lovely.
- Yeah, it was great.

00:42:37.500 --> 00:42:39.332
- Really a lot of fun.

00:42:39.333 --> 00:42:41.207
It was very nice
for the families.

00:42:41.208 --> 00:42:44.834
- You have great kids.
- So do you.

00:42:49.208 --> 00:42:51.457
- Tell us a little bit
about Tuvalu,

00:42:51.458 --> 00:42:53.416
in terms of its
sea-level-rise vulnerability.

00:42:53.417 --> 00:42:57.998
How close to sea level
does most of the land lie?

00:42:57.999 --> 00:42:59.998
- Well, nowhere in Tuvalu

00:42:59.999 --> 00:43:02.666
is above two metres

00:43:02.667 --> 00:43:03.998
over sea level.

00:43:03.999 --> 00:43:08.541
Erosion of the coastal region
is a major problem.

00:43:08.542 --> 00:43:10.124
And that\'s why
we keep on asking.

00:43:10.125 --> 00:43:13.666
We need financial assistance,
technical assistance,

00:43:13.667 --> 00:43:15.499
from the developed countries.

00:43:15.500 --> 00:43:18.541
We don\'t have scientists
in Tuvalu!

00:43:18.542 --> 00:43:24.374
- I do think native peoples
and other cultures

00:43:24.375 --> 00:43:26.998
have a better understanding
of the relationship

00:43:26.999 --> 00:43:28.791
of humans and the natural world.

00:43:28.792 --> 00:43:32.332
And what the global warming
issue is, I think,

00:43:32.333 --> 00:43:33.041
for the developed world,

00:43:33.042 --> 00:43:38.582
it\'s actually the means by which
we can make those connections

00:43:38.583 --> 00:43:41.332
despite our incredibly complex,

00:43:41.333 --> 00:43:44.998
complicated, developed,
overdeveloped,

00:43:44.999 --> 00:43:47.416
highly technical world.

00:43:47.417 --> 00:43:52.082
I think that is the meaning
of the issue.

00:43:52.083 --> 00:43:54.998
- Can I ask one last questions?

00:43:54.999 --> 00:43:59.291
From the scientific data
working way back,

00:44:00.208 --> 00:44:06.833
is there any possibility
of a shift of the climate

00:44:06.834 --> 00:44:10.998
to stabilize,
to remain as it is?

00:44:10.999 --> 00:44:15.541
What I\'m actually aiming at,

00:44:15.542 --> 00:44:18.999
is there any possibility

00:44:19.000 --> 00:44:23.499
that the scientists might
reverse their conclusions

00:44:23.500 --> 00:44:26.998
on the effects on small island
countries like Tuvalu?

00:44:26.999 --> 00:44:29.249
- It seems unlikely.
- It seems unlikely.

00:44:29.250 --> 00:44:32.999
- One only wishes
that we\'re wrong about this,

00:44:33.000 --> 00:44:36.998
but I don\'t see
the slightest chance.

00:44:36.999 --> 00:44:41.998
There is no evidence
that I know of anyway,

00:44:41.999 --> 00:44:44.249
and I\'m sure you would say
the same thing,

00:44:44.250 --> 00:44:46.874
that as long as these gases
keep building up,

00:44:46.875 --> 00:44:48.998
that the climate
will do anything but,

00:44:48.999 --> 00:44:52.165
over the long-term average,
continue to warm.

00:44:52.166 --> 00:44:54.416
- If Kyoto is implemented

00:44:54.417 --> 00:44:59.499
and the emission rates slow
and are stabilized,

00:44:59.500 --> 00:45:04.541
what that will do is limit
the amount of warming.

00:45:04.542 --> 00:45:05.958
- Kyoto should really

00:45:05.959 --> 00:45:09.666
be viewed as a modest first
step, but an important one.

00:45:09.667 --> 00:45:12.958
- Thank you very much,
Professor.

00:45:12.959 --> 00:45:15.124
It was really a privilege
to talk to you.

00:45:15.125 --> 00:45:17.332
-Yes, and to you! And to you.

00:45:17.333 --> 00:45:20.250
Let me get a card for you.

00:45:37.999 --> 00:45:42.082
- There\'ve been a few things
I\'d rather had not happened,

00:45:42.083 --> 00:45:43.207
but certainly the day

00:45:43.208 --> 00:45:45.374
that the World Trade Center
was attacked

00:45:45.375 --> 00:45:47.998
was one of the worst moments
in my life.

00:45:47.999 --> 00:45:53.041
As it was for anybody in
New York or the United States.

00:46:00.083 --> 00:46:02.998
And it\'s ironic. Before
September 11th happened,

00:46:02.999 --> 00:46:07.457
I used to use a map of this area
to talk about global warming.

00:46:07.458 --> 00:46:09.582
Because this is one of the spots

00:46:09.583 --> 00:46:12.457
where, when storms happen
in the future,

00:46:12.458 --> 00:46:13.998
because of the higher sea level,

00:46:13.999 --> 00:46:16.791
there will be a substantial
amount of flooding.

00:46:16.792 --> 00:46:19.749
And I had a map
I would always show

00:46:19.750 --> 00:46:21.165
of the World Trade Center,

00:46:21.166 --> 00:46:22.998
with the new water line

00:46:22.999 --> 00:46:24.874
about in the middle
of the foundation,

00:46:24.875 --> 00:46:27.416
during a big storm.
And I think it\'s important...

00:46:27.417 --> 00:46:29.998
But I stopped showing
that picture,

00:46:29.999 --> 00:46:33.332
because I thought
it was inappropriate

00:46:33.333 --> 00:46:35.916
to juxtapose the two things.

00:46:35.917 --> 00:46:38.874
But as we talk about
the future of the city,

00:46:38.875 --> 00:46:41.416
I think,
and rebuilding this area,

00:46:41.417 --> 00:46:42.250
its important to remember

00:46:42.251 --> 00:46:44.833
other changes are going
to happen as well.

00:46:44.834 --> 00:46:46.874
And the flooding from global
warming that could happen,

00:46:46.875 --> 00:46:49.916
if we don\'t get emissions under
control, is one of those things.

00:46:49.917 --> 00:46:53.040
And the people who are
planning the reconstruction

00:46:53.041 --> 00:46:57.500
need to take that into account.

00:47:00.041 --> 00:47:03.416
In the short term,
human beings do a lot of things

00:47:03.417 --> 00:47:06.998
to themselves
and to their cities

00:47:06.999 --> 00:47:08.541
which are insane,

00:47:08.542 --> 00:47:10.582
and September 11th
was one of them.

00:47:10.583 --> 00:47:14.040
Over the long term,
we\'re also doing some things...

00:47:14.041 --> 00:47:16.290
Without realizing it...

00:47:16.291 --> 00:47:18.249
That are probably
equally dangerous

00:47:18.250 --> 00:47:20.998
and could have even
larger destructive effects,

00:47:20.999 --> 00:47:22.457
taken as a whole,

00:47:22.458 --> 00:47:25.165
and global warming
is certainly in the lead

00:47:25.166 --> 00:47:26.416
in terms of those problems.

00:47:26.417 --> 00:47:28.998
And that really needs
to be taken into account

00:47:28.999 --> 00:47:29.999
and we really...

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:32.998
just as we\'re acting to stem
future terrorism,

00:47:32.999 --> 00:47:36.249
we ought to act
against this other threat,

00:47:36.250 --> 00:47:39.541
that isn\'t intentional,

00:47:39.542 --> 00:47:41.499
but nevertheless,
now that we know about it,

00:47:41.500 --> 00:47:44.959
we have an obligation
to try to stop it.

00:48:11.291 --> 00:48:15.999
- From the back,
just lift this one up.

00:48:31.583 --> 00:48:33.207
- We\'ll get her.

00:48:33.208 --> 00:48:37.000
Sooner or later, we\'ll get her.

00:48:56.583 --> 00:49:00.040
(radio): or at least
20 miles an hour,

00:49:00.041 --> 00:49:01.998
with highs 25 to 30.

00:49:01.999 --> 00:49:03.998
For the Chukchi seacoast,

00:49:03.999 --> 00:49:07.624
including Point Hope,
Shishmaref, Kivalina

00:49:07.625 --> 00:49:08.958
and Red Dog Port,

00:49:08.959 --> 00:49:12.582
today, cloudy with scattered
snow showers and windy.

00:49:12.583 --> 00:49:14.874
South winds,
10 to 20 miles an hour,

00:49:14.875 --> 00:49:19.040
with gusts to 30 miles an hour
north of Cape Thompson

00:49:19.041 --> 00:49:20.457
diminishing.

00:49:20.458 --> 00:49:22.749
The high is 27 to 31.

00:49:22.750 --> 00:49:24.998
Sunrise this morning, 11:32,

00:49:24.999 --> 00:49:27.624
and we\'ll set this afternoon
at 3:44.

00:49:27.625 --> 00:49:32.583
That will give us 4 hours
and 12 minutes of daylight.

00:49:49.250 --> 00:49:51.833
- Hello once again,
to the national news.

00:49:51.834 --> 00:49:54.998
The women in the capital
commemorated their annual day

00:49:54.999 --> 00:49:56.541
last Saturday.

00:49:56.542 --> 00:49:58.040
Commemoration activities

00:49:58.041 --> 00:49:58.999
held for one day,

00:49:59.000 --> 00:50:03.500
beginning with breakfast
at 8 o\'clock in the morning.

00:50:15.250 --> 00:50:20.959
(radio): Traffic is very busy on
the Brooklyn Bridge both ways...

00:50:56.583 --> 00:51:00.249
- Well, my dinner
is not coming around yet.

00:51:00.250 --> 00:51:02.999
Ha! Ha! Ha!

00:51:05.792 --> 00:51:08.999
Captioning by CNST, Montreal