WEBVTT

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I had pulverized and there
was always corn left over,

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so I went down and found
several dead saracuras.

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Those wild chickens, they say.

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And then that day I
started to get worried.

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I arrived and said
to him like this:

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\"Guys, there\'s a bunch
of dead animals there,

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I\'m terrified!
What happened?\"

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There were a lot of orange
trees and they were dying,

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the roses were left
with the white leaves.

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Orchids also died and
persimmon trees died.

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We had a river, the river
itself that was part

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of household food production as well.

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It started to get contaminated.

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I felt vomiting, hallucination,
headache,

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diarrhea. These were the
most common symptoms.

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Chills at night, dizziness...

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Some people have lost
part of their vision.

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I wasn\'t sure of anything,

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I just had a suspicion:

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why did the bugs die?

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Something wrong was happening.

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The Ministry of Agriculture

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released, in one fell swoop, 31 pesticides.

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There are already 169 authorized records.

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None of them have new active principle.

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They are also toxic to those
already used in the country.

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Among them is...

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Help me here.

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From a very young age,
I learned to work,

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because, at that time,
the parents taught us

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and it was the culture of tobacco,

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but they brought a ready-made
package that we should use.

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The company provided the inputs

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and we with the land and production.

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No one ever came
and spoke like this:

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\"Watch out for the poison,
use this, do this.\"

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For us, it\'s normal,

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when we are here talking,

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we work with poison.

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Brazil is the world\'s
largest consumer

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of pesticides, in fact, since 2008,

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we and the US took turns
being first and second..

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But the fact is that
in Brazil in consumed about 20%

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of the total volume
of pesticides traded in the world.

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My research was absolutely done

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in scientific rigor,

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based on official and public data,

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taken at a public university,

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financed by a public agency,
therefore exempt

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of any influence, or conflict of interest

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related to any economic sector.

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Between 2007 and 2014, we had

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about 25 thousand people
poisoned with pesticides,

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but for every case of
an intoxicated person,

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probably, we have 50 other cases

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that did not come to the knowledge

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of the Ministry of Health.

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So it is possible that we had, in that period,

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1,250,000 people intoxicated,

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and not 25 thousand,
which is already serious.

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The pesticide was implanted
in our life, right?

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So much so that it is a very
recent thing in agriculture.

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Nobody needed to use pesticides

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to do production.

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We have 230 hectares here

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It is pesticide free.

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The José Lutzenberger camp

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It is an embryo of
agroecological production.

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So the families that
are producing here

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are building a process for society.

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Our forest system

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it is a reproduction of
the forests that we have.

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We reproduce the forest
with food production.

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We made this decision

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because of the benefits

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that agroecological production has.

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That we do not contaminate
ourselves with chemical products,

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not contaminate the soil issue, right?

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And the question is also of you producing

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a good quality food.

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we had families here

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that came from tobacco production.

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And the production of chemical smoke.

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When they come here,
they have to relearn

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to manage the soil, right?

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And learn to develop that system,

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forest system, in order for it
to be able to produce.

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We started to plant corn and beans.

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That was our strong point, to plant.

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In corn and beans,
it was just poison.

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It was Roundup, a lot of poison there

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that I can\'t even explain to you.

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Then, after a while, we started

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to plant tobacco.

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The year we came here, the last
year, we planted tobacco.

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Organic, but we did
regular farming, you know?

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We plant corn, beans, the same thing.

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Organic production...

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it is within agroecological production.

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You can produce sweet potato,

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over a large, organic area.

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There\'s only sweet potato there, it\'s still a

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unconventional model.

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You just don\'t use chemical fertilizer.

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And to be agroforestry,
you have to respect

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the native plants

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and all organic production legislation,

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like a potato.

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After my son studied there Agroecology,

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I don\'t know what course he took there,

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he said like this: \"I\'m going to take
the father out of the poison\".

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\"I just want to get my father
out of the poison.\" He said.

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He did it, right?

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Slowly, with a lot of struggle, right?

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Sometimes the father didn\'t really
want to accept his idea,

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but in the end he gave in.

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For your agroforestry worker,

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you think about production first,

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in food production

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for your needs,

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but also think about the needs

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of other lives.

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Of the birds, of the wild animals, right?

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That is, of all living beings

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that relate to that space.

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in a way, I would say, silent

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of violence in the countryside,
through these intoxications

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by pesticide.

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They are somehow a chemical weapon...

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...involve the death of rural workers.

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So, we are talking about a form of agriculture

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that is invisibly reaching

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this rural population.

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So it\'s diffuse, it\'s invisible...

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All these years of working in the fields,

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I felt vomiting, hallucination.

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But then the more serious
ones began to appear,

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which were paralysis,
loss of muscle strength,

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memory loss for a while, I
started to forget everything.

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There is an invisible violence.

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From the day it was sown,

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we already sprayed.

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And, from there to here,
it will be like this, weekly.

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You are using pesticides.

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And before I didn\'t know that
sometimes you have to stay

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15 days off, 21 days off the farm,

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but we were with the house
inside the farm.

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So the window, practically,
was about three meters,

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four meters of tobacco plant.

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So there was no way to avoid it.

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The pesticide was there with us, right?

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Having lunch, dinner, drinking coffee

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and still going to bed.

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When I received a medical report,

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In fact, it wasn\'t a report.

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It was a sentence.

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The issue of pesticides today

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it\'s not about

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only peasants, rural workers,

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the population living near
the cultivated areas

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of intensive use of pesticides,

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but It is something that also
concerns the urban population.

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More than a third of the volume of pesticides

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marketed in Brazil concerns Glyphosate,

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considered potentially cancerous

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for humans since 2015,

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by the World Health Organization,

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and we allow a residue of this substance

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in drinking water in Brazil,

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5,000 times higher than the
Glyphosate Residue Limit

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allowed in the European Union.

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So, it\'s something that
concerns the health of the

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Brazilian population as a whole,

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and not just the population
that is dealing directly

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with these substances.

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What I miss the most is here,

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I had to leave the animals behind

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I liked, the nature, the land, the work.

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On this side, so much destruction, right?

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Greenhouses stopped.

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So much has been dismantled.

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The health problem is gone.

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And the side over here, which has the house

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that we still keep,

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the tragedy

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of a business that still survives.

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And I can\'t work today,

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even if I were here, I wouldn\'t
be able to work anymore.

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This longing we can\'t...

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I can\'t replace it with anything.

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Because It\'s something
that I can\'t get back.

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It would be worse if no one was interested.

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in changing this story.

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But there are already people involved

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who want to see change happen.

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The conventional production

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that we see today produces
only one type of product.

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If I produce pods, I will produce only pods.

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And then the pod I have to
produce using a lot of poison.

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As happened in the community
some 60 days ago,

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there was a heavy hailstorm, right?

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And then it affected the
issue of bananas a lot.

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If we only had bananas,

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we were in need today.

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But we didn\'t just have bananas.

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Agroforestry had palm hearts,
potatoes, yams,

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had cassava.

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The forest system is a food pantry.

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Everything you need is inside the agroforestry system.

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In the conventional system,

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you depend on everything.

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Depends on buying seed,

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depends on buying pesticides,

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depends on selling these
products to third parties.

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Myself, to produce a banana,

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I don\'t need to go to the market
to get the chemical fertilizer,

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get the banana seedling, I
reproduce the seedling myself,

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I get it from the neighbor,
we make an exchange.

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I\'ve been camping for nearly four years

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in Northern Paraná.

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Then I was taking a course,

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we know José Lutzenberger\'s camp

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and we identified a lot
with the system that is made.

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The non-use of pesticides,

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that was already \"wow\",
This is where I want it, right?

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It has several agroforestry systems,

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several ways to be implemented,

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some more advanced, some less.

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A great youth coming here, precisely,

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who looks and has that look of this space

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as a process that we can build together,

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collectively and live well.

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We work in a dynamic

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really with quality of life, right?

00:13:40.319 --> 00:13:43.789
With nature, respecting all beings

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that are part of.

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Youth strength.

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yam and purple yam.

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It is very cool.

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And the \"cara-da-terra\".

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We have been developing
agroecology for 18 years,

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It\'s recent too.

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In an area that produced with chemical product.

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Today we have a river that has fish,

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We have riparian forest along the river.

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We have an area that has
vegetation cover on top,

00:14:16.956 --> 00:14:19.592
we have a soil that anywhere we plant here,

00:14:19.592 --> 00:14:20.793
we can do production.

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Today we have 22 families here

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living with dignity, producing

00:14:25.231 --> 00:14:27.466
and still taking care of the environment.

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I already more or less knew, right?

00:14:52.458 --> 00:14:57.363
From the way Lidia walked,
it got worse every day.

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Every day more... atrophying.

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She was dragging.

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Then she was paralyzed,
she was in a wheelchair.

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Then they started a research

00:15:15.281 --> 00:15:17.783
from the Federal University of Parana

00:15:19.218 --> 00:15:20.986
and the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

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The doctor asked: \"Can you
explain to me what is written

00:15:23.756 --> 00:15:26.225
in the liter of poison?\".
I said, \"I know\".

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\"Tell me what\'s written
underneath, in big letters.\"

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I said, \"Careful, poison.\"
\"No, you didn\'t read it right.

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There\'s one more thing.

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It has a human skull.

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The skull and two femurs.

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It was not made to kill
the bugs, the herbicide,

00:15:42.975 --> 00:15:44.777
it was made to kill human beings.

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You don\'t know what you\'re dealing with.

00:15:46.178 --> 00:15:47.746
So you know what you\'re dealing with

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you had to use a pump, an oxygen tube,

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loaded like a diver, diver\'s suit, everything,

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the mask and, in front, an adapted bomb

00:15:59.558 --> 00:16:00.392
to pass poison.

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Hence you are breathing pure oxygen.

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Because you are passing on the air.\"

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In Lydia\'s case,

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almost eight years have passed.

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to arrive at the diagnosis.

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It was investigated, cancer was not.

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I went through an infectious disease specialist.

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There was also no related illness.

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It was then that she received the diagnosis.

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that she would have a polyneuropathy

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induced by the use of organophosphates,

00:16:27.086 --> 00:16:30.122
which are the pesticides used
in tobacco cultivation.

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The diagnosis was actually due to

00:16:32.524 --> 00:16:33.759
the continuous use of pesticides.

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They were having a cumulative effect,

00:16:35.928 --> 00:16:38.564
that led me to reach these conditions today.

00:16:40.766 --> 00:16:43.969
We have unprepared doctors,

00:16:43.969 --> 00:16:46.638
that associate the use of pesticides

00:16:46.638 --> 00:16:49.408
to the disease that the person develops.

00:16:49.775 --> 00:16:51.710
In his own research carried out in Rio Azul,

00:16:51.710 --> 00:16:54.013
there were 20 cases notified, with mine,

00:16:54.013 --> 00:16:57.483
and, out of 20, I ended up knowing one

00:16:57.483 --> 00:16:58.650
who was my friend, who died, right?

00:16:59.385 --> 00:17:00.552
Save it for me.

00:17:09.094 --> 00:17:10.963
The other difficulty is that

00:17:11.463 --> 00:17:13.065
Judge,

00:17:14.366 --> 00:17:15.901
the ministers

00:17:16.301 --> 00:17:19.738
have no idea what the
tobacco grower\'s life is,

00:17:19.838 --> 00:17:21.373
don\'t know, for example,

00:17:21.373 --> 00:17:23.942
that the pesticide you use in tobacco

00:17:24.276 --> 00:17:27.579
for 15 days you can\'t come close

00:17:27.579 --> 00:17:29.448
to the crop, after you used it.

00:17:31.683 --> 00:17:34.319
Our regulation that concerns

00:17:34.319 --> 00:17:37.990
the human toxicity of these substances

00:17:37.990 --> 00:17:40.826
it looked at the acute intoxications.

00:17:40.826 --> 00:17:43.062
How were these products classified?

00:17:43.062 --> 00:17:45.764
They ranged from mildly to extremely toxic,

00:17:45.764 --> 00:17:48.434
and a product considered extremely toxic

00:17:48.434 --> 00:17:51.270
It is the one that, in contact
with the skin, corrodes the skin,

00:17:51.270 --> 00:17:53.572
or that provokes corneal injuries.

00:17:53.572 --> 00:17:57.576
With the new regulatory framework, approved
by the National Health Surveillance Agency, in 2019,

00:17:57.576 --> 00:18:02.314
there was a worsening of this
labeling system, of labeling.

00:18:02.314 --> 00:18:04.116
Now are only considered

00:18:04.116 --> 00:18:07.820
extremely toxic products that cause death

00:18:07.820 --> 00:18:10.556
of the person who came into
contact with these substances,

00:18:10.556 --> 00:18:11.723
either dermally,

00:18:11.723 --> 00:18:13.926
or inhalation, or ingestion.

00:18:16.195 --> 00:18:18.697
This is horrible, isn\'t it?
Because it will remove

00:18:18.697 --> 00:18:21.333
cases like mine.

00:18:22.267 --> 00:18:24.436
It won\'t die at the time it sprays,

00:18:24.436 --> 00:18:26.538
but it will be dying little by little.

00:18:26.538 --> 00:18:28.140
That\'s kind of crazy, isn\'t it?

00:18:30.409 --> 00:18:33.512
It is assumed that, from the moment that
the National Health Surveillance Agency

00:18:33.512 --> 00:18:35.214
released the use for Brazil,

00:18:35.214 --> 00:18:38.150
the Government is taking responsibility

00:18:38.150 --> 00:18:42.621
to authorize the population
to use this pesticide.

00:18:44.923 --> 00:18:48.060
PPE Is personal protective equipment

00:18:48.060 --> 00:18:51.296
that the company sold to us

00:18:51.296 --> 00:18:54.633
for supposed protection,

00:18:54.633 --> 00:18:57.402
but there was always
pesticide inside the boot.

00:18:57.402 --> 00:18:59.505
And we said that there
is, they said: \"No,

00:18:59.505 --> 00:19:01.740
It\'s because... It\'s sweat.\"

00:19:01.740 --> 00:19:05.043
But once I lost all the skin
on my foot, it all came off.

00:19:05.611 --> 00:19:08.680
Today I am aware that the PPE
is contaminated, before, no.

00:19:09.414 --> 00:19:11.917
Just as I washed the family
clothes in the machine,

00:19:11.917 --> 00:19:13.252
so the PPE was washed.

00:19:13.418 --> 00:19:14.186
I didn\'t know.

00:19:17.122 --> 00:19:19.057
Evidently, the worker, the peasant

00:19:19.057 --> 00:19:21.393
is not responsible for a model of agriculture

00:19:21.393 --> 00:19:24.630
who is greater than he,
who was imposed on him.

00:19:24.630 --> 00:19:27.032
To do so would be to blame the victim.

00:19:27.032 --> 00:19:29.468
Companies that must be responsible

00:19:29.468 --> 00:19:32.237
for the way these substances will be applied.

00:19:34.139 --> 00:19:36.675
How do you think that a pregnant woman

00:19:36.675 --> 00:19:38.043
work in the field?

00:19:38.043 --> 00:19:41.580
She won\'t take the child,
put it in a nail in the house,

00:19:41.580 --> 00:19:43.348
say like this: \"Stay here gestating,

00:19:43.348 --> 00:19:45.117
I\'m going to work and I\'ll be back to get you\", right?

00:19:45.450 --> 00:19:47.052
The woman has to be pregnant.

00:19:48.086 --> 00:19:50.489
My daughter lost her tube and ovary at age 7,

00:19:50.489 --> 00:19:51.490
I never knew why.

00:19:51.857 --> 00:19:54.026
I don\'t know if it\'s related or not.

00:19:54.293 --> 00:19:57.095
Maybe my daughter suckled
too much poisoned milk.

00:19:57.362 --> 00:19:59.431
So much so that there came a time when
she couldn\'t breastfeed anymore.

00:19:59.431 --> 00:20:00.332
She just vomited.

00:20:04.002 --> 00:20:06.905
The most serious of this population exposure

00:20:06.905 --> 00:20:09.675
It is the fact that 20% of intoxicated people

00:20:09.675 --> 00:20:13.679
with pesticides are children and
adolescents aged 0 to 19 years.

00:20:13.812 --> 00:20:16.181
And Brazil exempts pesticides.

00:20:16.181 --> 00:20:20.852
We have, in many states, exemptions
ranging from 60 to 100%

00:20:20.852 --> 00:20:24.189
of ICMS, in many states, total exemption,

00:20:24.189 --> 00:20:25.157
for example, PIS and Cofins.

00:20:25.157 --> 00:20:27.392
This is funding this activity

00:20:27.392 --> 00:20:30.462
and even wanting to encourage
the uses of these substances.

00:20:30.462 --> 00:20:31.430
It\'s very serious,

00:20:31.430 --> 00:20:33.398
It is something that we need
to look at very carefully.

00:20:37.236 --> 00:20:38.804
Count and label, right?

00:20:38.804 --> 00:20:40.072
Shall we tag to send? All?

00:20:40.072 --> 00:20:43.208
- Everything is counted.
- Already counted.

00:20:43.208 --> 00:20:45.877
- Just tag.
- OK. So tag?

00:20:45.877 --> 00:20:48.046
Because getting there and not having...

00:20:48.113 --> 00:20:50.349
Because here everyone helps, right?

00:20:50.349 --> 00:20:52.484
Agroecological production is necessary,

00:20:52.918 --> 00:20:54.853
so necessary for us to solve

00:20:54.853 --> 00:20:57.956
this food problem.

00:20:57.956 --> 00:21:00.959
Because it says that agribusiness produces food.

00:21:00.959 --> 00:21:03.595
It doesn\'t produce food, does it?
Produces commodities.

00:21:07.065 --> 00:21:09.101
Talking about agricultural production does not mean,

00:21:09.101 --> 00:21:11.236
exactly, talking about food production,

00:21:11.236 --> 00:21:12.738
because we have seen, in recent years,

00:21:12.738 --> 00:21:14.573
the area with soybeans in Brazil doubling.

00:21:14.940 --> 00:21:17.109
It is an area equal to the territory of Germany.

00:21:17.509 --> 00:21:20.812
The area with sugarcane increases by more than 50%,

00:21:20.812 --> 00:21:23.782
and areas of rice, beans, wheat and cassava,

00:21:23.782 --> 00:21:26.118
which are the four axes of Brazilian food,

00:21:26.251 --> 00:21:27.586
these areas have decreased.

00:21:27.819 --> 00:21:29.688
So this agricultural production is much more linked

00:21:30.055 --> 00:21:34.926
to an economic and political project,

00:21:34.926 --> 00:21:37.729
than something related to food

00:21:37.729 --> 00:21:39.231
the Brazilian population.

00:21:40.832 --> 00:21:42.334
Who still produces food

00:21:42.334 --> 00:21:43.935
that arrives at consumers\' tables

00:21:43.935 --> 00:21:47.005
is the family farming, small and medium.

00:21:47.239 --> 00:21:50.342
About 70% of what is on a daily basis

00:21:50.342 --> 00:21:52.444
on our table It is produced by family farming.

00:22:00.819 --> 00:22:04.156
We do not have a credit at Banco do Brasil

00:22:04.156 --> 00:22:05.724
that says: \"Ah, this credit here

00:22:05.724 --> 00:22:08.360
It\'s for those who produce poison.”
It doesn\'t exist.

00:22:08.360 --> 00:22:12.197
The bank only finances
for us to buy at the agricultural store.

00:22:15.667 --> 00:22:17.235
I have to pay to say my product

00:22:17.235 --> 00:22:18.770
is agroecological, free of poison.

00:22:18.870 --> 00:22:20.238
So, what incentive do we have?

00:22:24.109 --> 00:22:26.278
Today, a large part of Brazilian agriculture

00:22:26.278 --> 00:22:28.213
have what we could call

00:22:28.213 --> 00:22:29.715
a chemical dependency.

00:22:30.048 --> 00:22:32.117
Historically, rural credit in Brazil,

00:22:32.117 --> 00:22:33.985
especially since the 1960s,

00:22:33.985 --> 00:22:36.154
the Military Dictatorship, it links

00:22:36.154 --> 00:22:40.659
a part of the income from this credit
to the purchase of these products.

00:22:40.659 --> 00:22:42.794
Whether chemical inputs for cultivation,

00:22:42.794 --> 00:22:44.796
that is, chemical fertilizer,

00:22:44.796 --> 00:22:46.164
whether for agrochemicals,

00:22:46.331 --> 00:22:49.401
insec ticides, fungicides and herbicides.

00:22:54.005 --> 00:22:55.941
Come here come.

00:22:55.941 --> 00:22:57.943
Come come come.

00:22:57.943 --> 00:22:59.311
Now you don\'t want to leave.

00:23:06.251 --> 00:23:08.186
This animal is very curious.

00:23:08.987 --> 00:23:10.689
I want to see justice happen

00:23:11.123 --> 00:23:12.724
for what I was denied,

00:23:12.991 --> 00:23:14.426
for that information they denied me

00:23:14.426 --> 00:23:16.261
and I can\'t make a choice.

00:23:16.561 --> 00:23:18.263
Even if I win a lawsuit,

00:23:18.263 --> 00:23:20.399
with all the money you have in this world,

00:23:22.334 --> 00:23:23.802
what does it do for me today?

00:23:24.369 --> 00:23:26.271
It can no longer bring me health anymore.

00:23:29.875 --> 00:23:31.910
Food security is when a people

00:23:31.910 --> 00:23:33.678
is autonomous from the point of view of production

00:23:33.678 --> 00:23:35.046
of their own food,

00:23:35.480 --> 00:23:36.848
that we are nourished.

00:23:37.315 --> 00:23:39.885
And food sovereignty is that we are nourished

00:23:39.885 --> 00:23:43.522
with quality, that is, with food free of pesticides.

00:23:43.522 --> 00:23:45.257
So, if we want to move in this direction,

00:23:45.257 --> 00:23:47.826
it is essential that we have public policies

00:23:47.826 --> 00:23:49.861
that sustain this agroecological tradition.

00:23:49.861 --> 00:23:52.197
It is also necessary that people expand

00:23:52.197 --> 00:23:53.465
the whole of family farming.

00:23:53.598 --> 00:23:56.535
Especially, by way of agrarian reform.

00:23:56.635 --> 00:23:58.970
Agrarian reform was recommended for Brazil by the UN

00:23:58.970 --> 00:24:00.439
shortly after its creation.

00:24:00.572 --> 00:24:03.608
It is necessary that we do this homework,

00:24:03.608 --> 00:24:05.977
that we haven\'t done yet, as a society.

00:24:08.213 --> 00:24:10.849
This also implies a transformation

00:24:10.849 --> 00:24:12.784
of the consumer himself in the direction of buying

00:24:12.784 --> 00:24:15.353
directly from the producer.

00:24:15.353 --> 00:24:17.389
So, we have agroecological fairs

00:24:17.389 --> 00:24:19.491
and we have what we call CSA,

00:24:19.858 --> 00:24:22.227
Consumer Sustains Farmer,

00:24:22.227 --> 00:24:24.596
which is this direct purchase through baskets,

00:24:24.596 --> 00:24:27.132
in which consumers also have to adapt

00:24:27.132 --> 00:24:28.200
to seasonality.

00:24:28.200 --> 00:24:31.069
It is not possible, for example, to find tomatoes all year round.

00:24:31.069 --> 00:24:33.371
Cannot find strawberry all the time.

00:24:34.306 --> 00:24:36.675
So, it\'s a paradigm shift.

00:24:44.483 --> 00:24:47.085
I hope there is a big change

00:24:47.085 --> 00:24:49.454
that consciences begin to be touched

00:24:49.454 --> 00:24:50.889
and start protecting.

00:24:50.889 --> 00:24:53.058
Instead of releasing so much pesticide,

00:24:53.625 --> 00:24:56.761
start thinking about agroecology, river protection,

00:24:56.761 --> 00:24:58.497
protection of life, mainly.

00:25:01.166 --> 00:25:03.101
I see that the agroforestry system

00:25:03.335 --> 00:25:06.771
That\'s the closest we have to perfect.

00:25:06.938 --> 00:25:09.174
Not only for the issue of power generation,

00:25:09.174 --> 00:25:13.512
but for the protection of soil, water, biodiversity.

00:25:13.512 --> 00:25:15.614
Agroecological food is wonderful,

00:25:15.614 --> 00:25:17.315
because it is a very beautiful work,

00:25:17.749 --> 00:25:20.085
that will work the harmony between the human being,

00:25:20.085 --> 00:25:21.419
the land and the environment.

00:25:23.388 --> 00:25:24.823
We have an alternative, right?

00:25:25.490 --> 00:25:27.292
To replace this model

00:25:27.292 --> 00:25:29.628
of production with poison.

00:25:44.476 --> 00:25:50.382
Around 30% of the agrotoxics allowed in Brazil are forbidden in the European Union.

00:25:50.682 --> 00:25:54.786
343 babies up to 12 months old were intoxicated by agrotoxics in Brazil (2007 to 2014).

00:25:54.786 --> 00:26:00.759
The cases underreporting makes the data
represent less than 2% of the reality.

00:26:00.759 --> 00:26:09.768
It\'s possible that 17 thousand babies were intoxicated in this period.