WEBVTT

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As companies recovered by workers,
they are first of all,

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fighting experiences
for the right to work.

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What I mean by that is that
the initiatives that pioneered

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in the recovery of companies
in Brazil and Argentina,

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they didn\'t have
a clarity of what was to come

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of self-management of work.

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They had a principle aimed at contesting
the situation of a bankrupt company,

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the workers rights,
that we weren\'t getting paid,

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the wages received.

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As an Argentine researcher named Julián Rebón says,

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initially this was a case of
disobedience to unemployment.

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Here we are, in the Pompeya district,
in the city of Buenos Aires.

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This place is a print shop recovered in 2002

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by eight former employees of the company.

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The owner decided to close the company
and leave us practically on the street.

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United among all, with neighbors
who were here,

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we resisted an eviction not to
leave this shed empty, right?

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So that\'s it, I invite you
to know the Graphic Chilavert!

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As these struggles progress,

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these experiences became part of

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of what in Brazil is conventionally called
in the 90\'s of solidarity economy.

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In Argentina, the national movement
of recovered companies,

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which was the first movement that was formed
to support these experiences,

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started to wear the insignia of the movement
of landless rural workers in Brazil,

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which is: occupy, resist and produce.

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It was in times of economic crisis
that most experiences flourished,

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and that there was a beginning
of an organization too,

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of consultants to help them,

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then we could say
that bankruptcy is the main reason

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that initiates the recovery of companies
by the workers.

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So in Brazil, these experiences
have a very big focus

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in the mid 90\'s
and in the early 2000s,

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in Argentina, after the 2001 crisis,

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and in Europe, after the 2008 crisis.

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Well, here we are at the guillotine.

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This is the part where the paper is placed

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as the machine needs,

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and so, in this way,
can start printing.

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Once the paper
is cut to the right size,

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enter this machine.

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There\'s proof coming out.

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it was very difficult

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in 2000 or 2001,

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for a person to lose his job
and get another one right away.

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And that allowed

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a mass of people
threatened with losing their jobs

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we started to think
a new form of organization.

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And there have been many experiences before,

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but they weren\'t that significant,
they were isolated experiences.

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The crisis of 2000-2001

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resulted in the closure of many sources of employment.

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So this sector began to organize itself

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and that gave rise to a movement

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which was later called
Movement of Recovered Companies.

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That\'s where this fight starts,

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when we decided to work
in the form of self-management,

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as a cooperative.

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But many times we don\'t choose that.
We were forced, right?

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There are many types of cases
of recovered companies,

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they are not homogeneous cases,

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but we can find some patterns.

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As more than 90% of companies
became a cooperative,

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they have a very similar formal structure,

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because they must
follow cooperative legislation.

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You have to elect a supervisory board,

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must have a board,
there has to be a president

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with the obligation to hold an assembly between the partners,

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at least once a year.

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But beyond this formal aspect,
we find different experiences,

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especially in terms
of deepening self-management.

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So we will find cases where
collective management was deepened

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and cases where this is in the background.

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The main differences that these experiences present

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compared to traditional companies,

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I could name three in Brazil,

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one of them is the decrease
of the salary difference

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when we compare the smallest
and the highest salary in the company.

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The average that we identified in our
research, between the highest and lowest salary,

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in Brazil, it is 4.7 times the highest
in relation to the lowest salary.

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In Argentina this difference is even smaller,

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about 50% of the experiences
practice equal withdrawal

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of wages or remuneration.

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the second point
that it is very important to be stressed,

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is the existence of spaces for collective management
for strategic decisions.

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And the third element,
which is also very relevant,

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is the decrease in the number
of work accidents.

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The cooperative determines that it has
one board meeting per month

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and an annual meeting of all partners.

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But as we are few, there are not so many
problems to solve in assemblies,

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We solve many things on a day-to-day basis.

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We hold an annual meeting,

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or monthly, or when necessary.

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We always work here very

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open to all the demands of the partners.

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There is no president who says:
i am the president.

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simply the president
the secretary and treasurer

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they are legal figures that the system obliges us to maintain.

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So today, we have this possibility,

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through cooperativism and self-management,

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of any worker to perform the function he wants,

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as long as he likes
and do it well, right?

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He is not forced.

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that\'s the difference
to have a boss or not.

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Here everyone can open the gate,

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take the raw material, work it,

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talk to the customer,
be heard by others...

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It changed our lives,

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our way of working.

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Before it was like this: I work on mine

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and the rest is the owner\'s responsibility.

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Not today. We all have to know at least

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how much you earn, how much you spend,
what is wasted...

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And so the participation.

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Here is practically our...

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this is our second home.

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And sometimes it\'s like it\'s
our first home.

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Because this is where our family\'s future comes from,

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and if we don\'t take care of it, it\'s very difficult for our house to be okay.

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From 87 to 92, 93,

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it was already clear that the company was not doing well.

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In fact, if you take the 80\'s,

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mid-90s, we can already see
that it was not just the case of the company itself

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but the officials, the workers,
understood this clearly,

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that it was already in a difficult process.

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It\'s the great crisis of the mid-90s,
there was no way,

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companies that did not enter into bankruptcy,

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not just Uniforja
but throughout the ABC region,

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those that were not incorporated
they just went bankrupt.

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Before the company went bankrupt,
or before we set up the first cooperative,

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it reached 609 workers,
that was the end of the end,

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and there was a day when they arrived here and sent about 250 people away, it was traumatic.

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So imagine us, who were working on the machine,

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and all the time the guards came up calling people.

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A process of dismissal is terrible, in
any medium-sized capitalist enterprise.

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Simply you work at the company for 10, 20, 30
years and a guard comes from the entrance who is your friend,

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have lunch with you, pick you up

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saying \"you are fired\", is extremely
traumatic, nobody discusses it.

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We look for the union to help us

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in that moment of difficulty,
the company started to delay payments,

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did not fulfill obligations
with the workers,

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and we realized that the conditions
became more critical with each passing day.

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So we got the idea to start participating

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of the administrative life of Conforja.

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We spent a period working together
with the company\'s top management

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and there came a moment

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that we decided to rent part of some sheds here.

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And it was not a simple process.

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Many times, when we had to stop the company,

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to actually set up the cooperative,
a lot of our comrades from the union had to come,

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and they didn\'t let anyone in.

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They didn\'t let in saying that \"this is the only

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It\'s only one way right now,

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for us to save our jobs, the
maintenance of the company.\"

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So here is the beginning of the process,

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where the material is heated
at a controlled temperature.

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When it\'s at the perfect temperature

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the process starts
which we call generatrix in generatrix,

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that is, pre-established segments
in an ideal size.

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Leaving this phase, it goes to that
press where they start to compact by impact, ok?

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These and other innovations
that these experiences bring,

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they must always be analyzed
from a critical point of view,

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because they are always at risk.

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and this risk is related
to a number of factors,

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but above all, to the fact that these
experiences are immersed within an environment

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where other values ​​govern the
capitalist mode of production.

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So, for example, hiring salaried workers,

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which is a case that happens in Brazil,
that cooperative legislation allows,

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while the Argentine cooperative
legislation does not allow,

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is a factor that must be analyzed

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with the risk of these experiences
returning to a caste of partners

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and a wage-earner caste,

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creating a huge rift between them.

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Another factor that should be noted

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is the tendency to keep the same
cadres in the management spaces,

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which may tend to cause there to
be no rotation in these positions,

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and a concentration of power.

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We actually got old.

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This is a great truth for those who started
this whole process of recovered companies,

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this process in the mid-1990s.

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This we see in all
companies recovered from Brazil.

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Make the transition process, for you to have an idea, here,

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each of us who started
has an average of 90 thousand reais of quota aside.

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We, today, Uniforja, offer 150%

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so that members over 65,
with own house,

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with the house on the beach, with a new car,

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make room for new members to enter.

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We have a partner here who joined in 71 and is 75 years old.

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No longer in physical condition,

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because we work in a forge,
we need to have a renewal process.

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And another factor that should be noted

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is the influence that companies that hire
the recovered companies have on them,

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especially in what is called work
by faction, where they buy raw materials,

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determine the deadline,

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then they can make the fight
by self-management there, be, let\'s say,

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influenced by a company
that has great power over them.

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The two here are doing
the quality control there, look,

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doing an inspection,
passing by a machine,

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to receive dialing code

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specified by the customer.

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We have a barrier and a challenge:

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working capital.

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Because it\'s not possible,

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for the big multinationals,
billions and billions of loans are made,

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we know that, right?

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With competitive advantages.

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This is our big challenge.

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of this model of cooperativism
of self-management. This is a real challenge.

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Another challenge we have,

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its a deeper debate,
it\'s not the legal form you define

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that will say if you are self-managing
or not is self-management.

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The cooperative model
in the format that we are,

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it makes it very difficult

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doing business with the market.

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First, how do you give real guarantees?

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There are bank managers who do not understand,
\"Who\'s in charge of your company?\"

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We say \"the collective is in charge,

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elected every three years, okay?\"

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and often it doesn\'t go down well
in the head of a manager.

00:17:47.580 --> 00:17:49.150
does not go well

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in a director from Latin America, right?

00:17:53.150 --> 00:17:55.110
A director from Latin America,

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or a director of a multinational.

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That doesn\'t sound good.

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But it is possible, yes.
It is possible to generate work,

00:18:03.330 --> 00:18:06.160
generate income, generate wealth, right?

00:18:06.160 --> 00:18:07.920
For the municipality, for Brazil,

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from that model. I believe it.

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I think a lot of people in Brazil
believe it.

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Just look, right?

00:18:14.710 --> 00:18:18.260
Just look at the solidarity economy
in Brazil,

00:18:18.260 --> 00:18:20.390
just look at family farming,

00:18:20.390 --> 00:18:23.720
just look at who works
with recycling.

00:18:23.720 --> 00:18:27.690
the leap in quality

00:18:27.690 --> 00:18:30.150
this theme, of the solidarity economy,

00:18:30.150 --> 00:18:31.860
took place in the last 20 years.

00:18:31.860 --> 00:18:38.030
Cooperative, the positive side is that

00:18:38.030 --> 00:18:40.910
the democracy here is very broad.

00:18:40.910 --> 00:18:46.000
you have the opportunity
to participate in the entire life of the company,

00:18:46.000 --> 00:18:48.370
whatever the process.

00:18:50.210 --> 00:18:55.550
and in a company you are hired
to produce, to work,

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you hardly have the opportunities
to participate in the life of the company

00:18:59.090 --> 00:19:02.090
as in a cooperative system.

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This is what I consider most relevant,

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difference between a company and a cooperative.

00:19:29.900 --> 00:19:36.670
We were sleeping one night,
eleven o\'clock at night,

00:19:36.670 --> 00:19:41.720
silence, not even a car passed by here.

00:19:41.720 --> 00:19:44.800
Suddenly we started to hear the gate slamming.

00:19:44.800 --> 00:19:51.440
They came to dislodge us, we thought.
We call the assembly,

00:19:51.440 --> 00:19:56.520
They would need more time to
call all companions.

00:19:56.520 --> 00:19:59.140
We had to do everything to resist.

00:19:59.140 --> 00:20:03.360
It was the editor

00:20:03.360 --> 00:20:08.640
by publishers Pena Lillo and America do Sul.

00:20:08.640 --> 00:20:12.580
So when he identified himself
We opened the door and let him in.

00:20:12.580 --> 00:20:14.200
Then they said:

00:20:14.200 --> 00:20:20.340
you know we\'re printing the book
on popular assemblies.

00:20:20.340 --> 00:20:24.260
\"At the printer, a machine broke,
but we have to make the cover

00:20:24.260 --> 00:20:26.510
so we can deliver tomorrow\"

00:20:26.510 --> 00:20:29.600
and we replied that
if they came to vacate

00:20:29.600 --> 00:20:31.280
we would set fire to everything.

00:20:31.280 --> 00:20:33.040
They knew what was at stake.

00:20:33.040 --> 00:20:35.650
The next day we were printing

00:20:35.650 --> 00:20:41.900
and began the eviction operation.

00:20:41.900 --> 00:20:45.520
We warn the assembly of Pompeya,
mobilized,

00:20:45.520 --> 00:20:48.180
notified IMPA...

00:20:48.180 --> 00:20:50.860
Well,

00:20:50.870 --> 00:20:54.480
in the meantime we print the cover

00:20:54.480 --> 00:20:56.740
and the night came

00:20:56.740 --> 00:20:59.000
it was full of police.

00:20:59.000 --> 00:21:01.120
There were eight members of the cooperative,

00:21:01.120 --> 00:21:05.000
they sent eight patrol officers.

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:07.820
This hole communicates to the side,

00:21:07.820 --> 00:21:12.980
so this is where we managed to get
the books out of the first production

00:21:12.980 --> 00:21:15.350
and the neighbor helped.

00:21:36.080 --> 00:21:39.170
Now let\'s see the boys

00:21:39.170 --> 00:21:42.380
who come from a normal school,

00:21:42.380 --> 00:21:45.550
It\'s called Maipu school.

00:21:45.550 --> 00:21:48.940
They are young people who graduate this year,

00:21:48.940 --> 00:21:51.760
they will be the future graphics

00:21:51.760 --> 00:21:54.340
who will work here at the graphic.

00:21:54.340 --> 00:21:58.650
Let\'s see, now they\'re producing
a notebook that\'s for everyone.

00:22:00.720 --> 00:22:04.820
We here, through an agreement

00:22:04.820 --> 00:22:09.320
between the school administration
and the city government,

00:22:09.320 --> 00:22:14.680
we got an internship for ten young people,

00:22:14.680 --> 00:22:18.200
they are coming regularly
for six months

00:22:18.200 --> 00:22:21.420
to be able to learn
what would be the graphics industry.

00:22:23.800 --> 00:22:25.800
Six months already!

00:22:25.800 --> 00:22:28.430
We\'re done! You made it, congratulations!

00:22:38.730 --> 00:22:43.270
There is a sector here
dedicated to popular high school

00:22:43.270 --> 00:22:46.940
that we built in 2006-2007

00:22:46.940 --> 00:22:50.410
with children of teachers,

00:22:50.410 --> 00:22:52.980
some recent graduates.

00:22:52.980 --> 00:22:58.540
They proposed to build a place
for high school,

00:22:58.540 --> 00:23:00.920
we opened the door

00:23:00.920 --> 00:23:06.300
and that\'s been almost... for ten years!

00:23:07.300 --> 00:23:09.930
This school started in 2007

00:23:09.930 --> 00:23:14.350
by a concern of the companies recovered

00:23:14.350 --> 00:23:18.350
to have their own space
for popular education

00:23:18.350 --> 00:23:22.520
of the workers
and factory workers

00:23:22.520 --> 00:23:29.740
and all teenagers excluded from
the education system at that time

00:23:29.740 --> 00:23:33.870
within the movement of
recovered companies called MNER.

00:23:33.870 --> 00:23:36.360
When we were in third grade

00:23:36.360 --> 00:23:39.440
we started to think
with a group of teachers,

00:23:39.440 --> 00:23:42.710
about opening in other recovered companies.

00:23:44.360 --> 00:23:47.960
We owed a moral debt to the neighborhood,

00:23:47.960 --> 00:23:53.440
with students,
with the university boys,

00:23:53.440 --> 00:23:58.820
because when the repression
came to evict us,

00:23:58.820 --> 00:24:02.560
many of these anonymous young people
came to stand at the door

00:24:02.560 --> 00:24:05.100
so the police wouldn\'t get in.

00:24:05.100 --> 00:24:09.720
It\'s a way of thanking them,

00:24:09.720 --> 00:24:16.360
we accept to open the doors
to the neighborhood,

00:24:16.360 --> 00:24:20.700
students, for those who want to kindly come

00:24:20.700 --> 00:24:23.740
use the place or just meet,

00:24:23.740 --> 00:24:25.080
live...

00:24:25.420 --> 00:24:30.340
Anyone can take back a company,
set fire to it,

00:24:30.340 --> 00:24:33.820
but keep the company running...

00:24:33.820 --> 00:24:36.700
there have to be a lot of committed people.

00:24:36.700 --> 00:24:39.010
That is, you can take a factory,

00:24:39.010 --> 00:24:41.960
but making it work depends on society.

00:24:41.960 --> 00:24:46.660
One thing we managed to do well

00:24:46.660 --> 00:24:48.640
was to make our problem visible.

00:24:48.640 --> 00:24:51.160
We went everywhere

00:24:51.160 --> 00:24:53.900
talking about our struggle.

00:25:32.260 --> 00:25:36.360
Want to start the night?
Want to start the end of the year party, folks?

00:25:40.880 --> 00:25:46.820
Well, on behalf of our cooperative
Chilavert Graphic

00:25:46.820 --> 00:25:51.400
we want to congratulate
these new graduates,

00:25:51.400 --> 00:25:53.520
And as they say:

00:25:53.520 --> 00:25:57.470
They won\'t go away, but they will always be
in our hearts.

00:26:18.110 --> 00:26:21.370
A star twinkles in the sky,
showing your brilliance

00:26:21.370 --> 00:26:24.790
Lighting the veil of cooperativism

00:26:27.300 --> 00:26:29.980
In Rochdale, England, where it all began

00:26:29.980 --> 00:26:32.880
Sir Robert Owen the little seed planted

00:26:32.880 --> 00:26:35.880
Cooperatives are born
whch in the world has spread

00:26:38.440 --> 00:26:40.860
ACI was created with great dedication

00:26:40.860 --> 00:26:44.020
To look after the interests
of our organization

00:26:44.020 --> 00:26:46.900
is simply known
in any or all nation

00:26:46.900 --> 00:26:50.100
the colors of the rainbow
represent the symbolism

00:26:50.100 --> 00:26:53.320
of strength, perseverance,
union and companionship

00:26:53.320 --> 00:26:56.240
And help each other
who do cooperativism

00:26:56.240 --> 00:26:58.780
Cooperativism is living in society

00:26:58.780 --> 00:27:01.410
It\'s rolling up your sleeves,
is to work willingly

00:27:01.410 --> 00:27:04.490
It is knowing that you will reap the fruit of freedom.

00:27:06.200 --> 00:27:08.460
This poetry is mine, I made it for him.