00:00:40.583 --> 00:00:43.708
In 1992 in Spain the Barcelona Olympic Games
and the Seville Expo were held,

00:00:43.875 --> 00:00:47.000
linked to the celebration of the 5th Centenary
of the Discovery of America.

00:00:47.167 --> 00:00:50.417
After the death of the dictator Franco in 1975
and the Transition to democracy,

00:00:50.583 --> 00:00:54.083
the country had been governed for ten years
by the Spanish Socialist Workers Party.

00:00:54.250 --> 00:00:58.250
Spain is presented to the international community
as a modern, developed and dynamic country.

00:00:58.417 --> 00:01:02.167
That same year, the industrial crisis that
swept the country fell on the city of Cartagena,

00:01:02.333 --> 00:01:04.000
placing up to 15,000 jobs in danger.

00:01:04.167 --> 00:01:07.708
The growing tension among citizens and the union
response caused a chain of mobilizations

00:01:07.875 --> 00:01:10.708
that would result in a mass uprising
against police on February 3rd.

00:01:10.875 --> 00:01:13.750
The pitched battle would culminate
in the throwing of incendiary bombs

00:01:13.917 --> 00:01:16.458
that would burn the parliament
of the Autonomous Community.

00:01:21.625 --> 00:01:23.708
It was a dream I've had
a number of times...

00:01:25.042 --> 00:01:27.417
Maybe at least three or four.

00:01:29.042 --> 00:01:31.125
I'm the protagonist,
in the present day,

00:01:31.292 --> 00:01:33.083
the way I am now.

00:01:34.000 --> 00:01:36.000
I see myself,
not really knowing why,

00:01:36.167 --> 00:01:37.917
walking to my school,

00:01:38.042 --> 00:01:40.792
here in Cartagena: Quitapellejos.

00:01:40.958 --> 00:01:44.083
It's a pretty school,
amid the mountains.

00:01:44.250 --> 00:01:45.708
A very old school,

00:01:46.000 --> 00:01:48.208
surrounded by a kind of forest.

00:01:50.875 --> 00:01:54.583
I'm walking the path I walked
to school as a boy.

00:01:55.167 --> 00:01:58.375
But it's all foggy,
a very low fog,

00:01:58.583 --> 00:02:01.250
almost like a Scottish landscape or...

00:02:03.333 --> 00:02:07.333
I'm walking, walking,
and as I get to the school gate

00:02:07.542 --> 00:02:10.417
already as I'm climbing the hill

00:02:10.625 --> 00:02:13.750
I see a huge German Shepherd
barking at the gate.

00:02:14.167 --> 00:02:17.417
But when I reach the gate,
the German Shepherd stops barking,

00:02:17.625 --> 00:02:21.417
and almost invites me in.

00:02:21.625 --> 00:02:23.458
The gate is half open.

00:02:25.583 --> 00:02:29.333
Out of curiosity I go inside
and I see it's still foggy,

00:02:29.542 --> 00:02:33.625
the German Shepherd comes too,
there's no one there...

00:02:33.792 --> 00:02:35.208
I keep going...

00:02:35.667 --> 00:02:37.417
and I get to a courtyard,

00:02:37.625 --> 00:02:39.583
the yard we played in as kids.

00:02:41.250 --> 00:02:44.333
and I start to see people around me:

00:02:44.500 --> 00:02:47.125
relatives, a dead friend...

00:02:47.292 --> 00:02:51.917
Their faces had aged.

00:02:52.417 --> 00:02:55.417
With wrinkles, white hair...

00:02:57.708 --> 00:03:00.333
and I see a very old man,
down the end.

00:03:00.542 --> 00:03:03.333
And I go over to talk to him.

00:03:05.625 --> 00:03:08.999
I have a strange conversation,
I say to him:

00:03:10.708 --> 00:03:14.250
'It's weird, isn't it?
The people here...

00:03:14.417 --> 00:03:17.125
look like they're really...

00:03:17.417 --> 00:03:21.250
Kind of annoyed, right?
Why is everyone like this?'

00:03:21.417 --> 00:03:26.583
He says: "Don't you know
why you're here?"

00:03:26.750 --> 00:03:28.417
I say: "No, I don't.
I see everyone here,

00:03:28.625 --> 00:03:30.999
some I know,
but they've aged..."

00:03:32.792 --> 00:03:37.208
Just then, I realize that
they're all dead,

00:03:38.000 --> 00:03:40.625
I run to the gate, which was
half open, to get out,

00:03:40.792 --> 00:03:42.417
and gate is closed.

00:03:45.792 --> 00:03:46.875
Then I wake up.

00:04:04.667 --> 00:04:08.667
THE YEAR OF DISCOVERY

00:04:42.250 --> 00:04:47.083
ALTHOUGH I DON'T REMEMBER IT,
I EXPERIENCED IT

00:04:51.875 --> 00:04:54.583
You laugh, but your laugh
is like "shit", you know?

00:04:54.750 --> 00:04:55.750
-Fake.
-Shit.

00:04:57.750 --> 00:04:59.875
You know you'll stay out
your parents will get mad,

00:05:00.000 --> 00:05:02.250
but we're too far gone
for you say no to us.

00:05:02.417 --> 00:05:03.958
Give me that!

00:05:05.292 --> 00:05:06.542
You've reached a point

00:05:06.708 --> 00:05:08.750
where in your own bar
they're pulling beers for you.

00:05:09.458 --> 00:05:10.792
Hey, get wasted!

00:05:41.792 --> 00:05:44.333
But I like Zentral, and Zentral...

00:05:52.333 --> 00:05:54.000
Where'd Raúl get to?

00:05:54.167 --> 00:05:55.292
He went for cigarettes.

00:05:56.458 --> 00:05:58.833
And now he'll never come home.

00:05:58.999 --> 00:06:01.583
He's gone for cigarettes
and left us here with this shit!

00:06:01.750 --> 00:06:05.333
I'll tell him to roll a joint.

00:06:06.875 --> 00:06:08.750
Pablo, make yourself a joint!

00:06:12.917 --> 00:06:13.999
Raúl!

00:06:14.125 --> 00:06:15.458
Come here, handsome!

00:06:15.667 --> 00:06:17.292
You bastards, you fuckers...

00:06:18.999 --> 00:06:20.667
You got friends for that,

00:06:20.833 --> 00:06:22.625
it's your bar and they're
pulling beers for you.

00:06:23.625 --> 00:06:25.167
Raúl, have you got vermouth?

00:06:26.000 --> 00:06:28.375
-You had it and you said nothing!
-No, no. Mixed drinks.

00:06:28.583 --> 00:06:30.333
I said you could get highballs,

00:06:30.542 --> 00:06:32.000
a barrel of beer and that's it.

00:06:32.167 --> 00:06:33.542
You're treating us?

00:06:35.250 --> 00:06:36.875
Is it your birthday?

00:06:37.875 --> 00:06:39.042
I have to work tomorrow,

00:06:39.208 --> 00:06:40.792
so at some point we have to go.

00:06:40.958 --> 00:06:41.958
Seriously?

00:06:47.042 --> 00:06:50.583
Fucking hell, fuck...!
Fucking hell!

00:06:51.250 --> 00:06:52.375
You want a drink?

00:06:52.583 --> 00:06:54.833
Yeah, man.
Pablo, listen to this song.

00:06:55.958 --> 00:06:57.750
It's S.A., man.

00:06:57.917 --> 00:07:00.958
Soziedad Alkohólica, I know them,
I've seen them live twice.

00:07:01.083 --> 00:07:02.792
Right, man, but I mean...

00:07:03.750 --> 00:07:05.917
My mum smoked these cigarettes.

00:07:06.042 --> 00:07:07.958
I started smoking on Ducados...

00:07:08.083 --> 00:07:11.625
And I threw hers down the drain.

00:07:11.792 --> 00:07:12.792
No, no, no, no!

00:07:12.958 --> 00:07:14.833
No, it's my mum's.

00:07:16.792 --> 00:07:19.750
My mum smoked these,
I threw them down the drain,

00:07:19.917 --> 00:07:21.042
and she beat the shit out of me.

00:07:23.292 --> 00:07:27.083
Because she smoked loads
and I hated it.

00:07:27.250 --> 00:07:29.208
8 years old, I smoked
Ducados dark tobacco.

00:07:30.667 --> 00:07:31.750
My mum always smoked dark...

00:07:31.917 --> 00:07:33.708
In my house there was only
Ducados dark tobacco.

00:07:33.875 --> 00:07:35.250
If you wanted to be a adult...

00:07:37.667 --> 00:07:39.833
You saw adults smoking...

00:07:39.999 --> 00:07:43.083
The first cigarette I smoked was this.

00:07:43.250 --> 00:07:44.333
It was like this.

00:07:44.542 --> 00:07:48.999
Of course, alcohol.
And what's alcohol?

00:07:49.125 --> 00:07:51.042
It's necessary for us.

00:07:52.083 --> 00:07:53.875
But I try not to drink alone.

00:07:54.000 --> 00:07:55.625
I always try to drink with someone.

00:07:57.042 --> 00:07:59.999
I don't drink alone,
I try not to overdo it.

00:08:00.125 --> 00:08:01.583
Some people drink alone.

00:08:05.667 --> 00:08:10.292
I'm an alcoholic
but I don't want to cross that line.

00:08:10.458 --> 00:08:14.542
But I think that crossing the line
can lead you to other things, you know?

00:08:14.708 --> 00:08:18.375
It doesn't have to.
I love getting home from work

00:08:18.542 --> 00:08:22.333
and having a beer
or a little wine.

00:08:22.542 --> 00:08:25.000
-That's normal.
-I do it alone, eh?

00:08:25.167 --> 00:08:27.208
Sure, but I don't have highballs
alone at home.

00:08:27.375 --> 00:08:30.750
That's different, it's like snorting
a line, getting wasted alone.

00:08:31.958 --> 00:08:37.875
When you get home and have a beer
it's just breaking the routine...

00:08:43.999 --> 00:08:46.999
Why? You relate beer with leisure.

00:08:47.125 --> 00:08:50.792
I have a beer and I relax

00:08:50.958 --> 00:08:52.833
because I'm having a beer, right?

00:08:52.999 --> 00:08:55.583
I don't care, pour it.

00:09:00.083 --> 00:09:01.625
You need anything?

00:09:01.792 --> 00:09:03.083
You're shitty friends.

00:09:03.250 --> 00:09:05.999
Sure we are, man!

00:09:22.999 --> 00:09:24.708
Have you seen where the skip is today?

00:09:27.583 --> 00:09:28.917
Good morning, Regino!

00:09:30.542 --> 00:09:32.167
It's there in...

00:09:33.625 --> 00:09:35.708
-Good morning.
-Hi, good morning.

00:09:37.833 --> 00:09:40.250
-Good morning.
-Hi, buddy. Good morning.

00:09:51.875 --> 00:09:55.167
Here, the tomato tongs.

00:09:57.000 --> 00:09:58.167
With butter.

00:10:00.375 --> 00:10:01.750
María, good morning.

00:10:06.708 --> 00:10:08.042
Here, young man.

00:10:11.333 --> 00:10:12.750
Here.

00:10:19.917 --> 00:10:22.167
Thanks. See you later.

00:10:22.333 --> 00:10:24.333
A glass of water?
One? Two? How many?

00:10:24.542 --> 00:10:26.583
-For her, just one.
-A little one.

00:10:31.708 --> 00:10:33.958
Half a roll with butter and jam

00:10:34.083 --> 00:10:35.667
for the boy...

00:10:36.625 --> 00:10:38.125
and half with tomato.

00:10:38.292 --> 00:10:39.792
The usual, right?

00:10:42.250 --> 00:10:46.083
Two whole ones? With butter?

00:10:46.250 --> 00:10:48.542
Now the weekly column
of José Ibarra,

00:10:48.708 --> 00:10:49.667
when you wish.

00:10:49.833 --> 00:10:52.625
It was discovered years ago by
the historian from Cartagena

00:10:52.792 --> 00:10:55.958
Alfonso Grandal,
he brought to light

00:10:56.083 --> 00:10:57.958
a surprising linguistic fact

00:10:58.083 --> 00:11:02.333
that in Cartagena they spoke
Catalan for 300 years.

00:11:02.542 --> 00:11:05.792
From 1300 to 1600.

00:11:05.958 --> 00:11:08.667
Although the reconquest
of our lands was claimed

00:11:08.833 --> 00:11:12.375
by the Castilian King Alfonso X
in the late 13th century,

00:11:12.583 --> 00:11:15.542
in fact our region was repopulated

00:11:15.708 --> 00:11:18.333
with people under
the crown of Aragón,

00:11:18.542 --> 00:11:22.250
that is, Catalans, Aragonese,
Mallorcans and Valencians

00:11:22.417 --> 00:11:25.792
who left us their language,
and with it, beautiful words

00:11:25.958 --> 00:11:30.083
that we in Cartagena inherited
and still have 400 years later,

00:11:30.250 --> 00:11:33.625
not knowing that in fact
they're Catalan words.

00:11:33.875 --> 00:11:38.750
So the Cartagena natives don't eat
peas, green beans or capers,

00:11:38.917 --> 00:11:42.042
but pésoles, bajocas and tápenas.

00:11:42.208 --> 00:11:44.458
The southwest wind is the lebeche,

00:11:44.667 --> 00:11:46.792
the southeast wind, the jaloque,

00:11:46.958 --> 00:11:48.999
and thunder is a llampo.

00:11:49.125 --> 00:11:52.708
This person has certainly bathed
at some time in Calarreona,

00:11:52.875 --> 00:11:55.333
in Calblanque,
has seen Grosa Island...

00:11:55.542 --> 00:11:58.792
And we all know if we say
"leja" outside of Cartagena

00:11:58.958 --> 00:12:02.000
to refer to shelves,
they don't understand us,

00:12:02.167 --> 00:12:06.250
for they don't know in Castile
that it comes from the Catalan "lleixa".

00:12:06.417 --> 00:12:09.750
Thus, old Catalan appears everywhere.

00:12:15.792 --> 00:12:19.208
Work's a mess because of
an order of metal plates,

00:12:20.333 --> 00:12:25.042
and now we have to work today
and tomorrow until midnight.

00:12:25.208 --> 00:12:28.875
I've got two guys there going at it.

00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:31.792
Fuck, what a bummer.
What are you doing now?

00:12:31.958 --> 00:12:34.125
Now we're cutting joins.

00:12:35.042 --> 00:12:39.000
I got a metal plate to cut too,
for the moulds.

00:12:42.125 --> 00:12:45.875
They're about 30 metres.

00:12:48.292 --> 00:12:53.083
Imagine it, half the workshop
with these huge plates.

00:12:53.250 --> 00:12:54.417
Some packages like this.

00:12:54.625 --> 00:12:57.208
But who's working now?
You, those guys...

00:12:57.375 --> 00:13:01.167
Me, my co-worker, who's permanent,
and one other kid.

00:13:01.333 --> 00:13:02.833
But is the kid casual?

00:13:02.999 --> 00:13:05.208
With this I'm pretty happy.

00:13:11.167 --> 00:13:13.917
So, Mum, will they call you?

00:13:15.083 --> 00:13:15.958
About your sight?

00:13:16.083 --> 00:13:18.458
They couldn't take out the stitches.

00:13:18.667 --> 00:13:20.083
It has to be in an operating theatre.

00:13:20.250 --> 00:13:22.458
They took out stitches inside your eye?

00:13:22.667 --> 00:13:26.292
They took out three,
but the others are very deep...

00:13:26.458 --> 00:13:27.999
It's swollen.

00:13:28.750 --> 00:13:30.833
It burst.

00:13:30.999 --> 00:13:32.999
My eye busted open.

00:13:33.125 --> 00:13:34.958
Her eyeball burst.

00:13:35.875 --> 00:13:37.042
Can you see alright?

00:13:37.833 --> 00:13:39.667
No, because she hasn't...

00:13:39.833 --> 00:13:41.042
Out of the other, yes.

00:13:41.208 --> 00:13:42.583
She lost the iris...

00:13:42.750 --> 00:13:45.750
She wore lenses because
she had a cataracts operation,

00:13:45.917 --> 00:13:47.792
and the lens was like a guillotine.

00:13:47.958 --> 00:13:51.999
It burst the eye.

00:13:52.125 --> 00:13:53.999
So she doesn't wear the lens.

00:13:54.125 --> 00:13:55.917
They have to put it in again.

00:13:56.042 --> 00:13:57.542
But to take out the stitches,

00:13:57.708 --> 00:14:01.458
an eye burst,
the stitches were behind.

00:14:01.667 --> 00:14:03.375
What could it have been?

00:14:03.583 --> 00:14:06.792
She fell on the night table,
she got 9 stitches on her eyebrow.

00:14:07.750 --> 00:14:10.292
I went to get out of bed.

00:14:10.458 --> 00:14:11.708
You're in the wars!

00:14:12.792 --> 00:14:14.167
If you only saw...

00:14:14.542 --> 00:14:16.292
She was covered in blood.

00:14:16.875 --> 00:14:18.042
With him? No.

00:14:18.208 --> 00:14:20.083
I've been calling him, but...

00:14:20.250 --> 00:14:22.750
He says things are tight.

00:14:22.917 --> 00:14:26.750
He's waiting to see if
something comes up, but no.

00:14:26.917 --> 00:14:28.083
I'm looking other places,

00:14:28.250 --> 00:14:30.250
tomorrow I'll see about
a job in the industrial estate

00:14:30.417 --> 00:14:32.875
a friend told me about,
in scaffolding,...

00:14:33.000 --> 00:14:35.792
I'll take a CV and see.

00:14:35.958 --> 00:14:38.792
You told me
you were working in Alhama

00:14:38.958 --> 00:14:42.125
but most of the staff
had left for Lo Pagán...

00:14:42.292 --> 00:14:43.583
Yes, Lo Pagán.

00:14:43.750 --> 00:14:48.250
They left me alone there,
to make a living.

00:14:50.167 --> 00:14:53.125
Exactly, I get up at 5 or 6
in the morning...

00:14:53.958 --> 00:14:56.750
The women work, get paid,
the normal thing...

00:14:57.250 --> 00:14:58.667
is to get paid.

00:14:58.833 --> 00:15:01.292
You were good to them...

00:15:01.458 --> 00:15:04.958
Me? Not good, very good.

00:15:06.583 --> 00:15:08.583
So, look, girl,

00:15:08.750 --> 00:15:10.875
things go only one way:

00:15:11.000 --> 00:15:13.417
You have to pay up, otherwise...

00:15:14.583 --> 00:15:16.542
Everyone who works
wants to get paid.

00:15:16.708 --> 00:15:18.875
Or do you go there
for the love of it?

00:15:19.000 --> 00:15:20.083
I'll tell you one thing.

00:15:20.250 --> 00:15:22.000
If I have no money,
I don't go to a bar for breakfast.

00:15:22.167 --> 00:15:23.792
Hey, in some circumstances...

00:15:23.958 --> 00:15:25.875
someone might tell you
they're light on cash.

00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:27.875
It's cheaper for me
to buy a litre of milk.

00:15:29.083 --> 00:15:32.708
And bread,
and you make toast at home.

00:15:32.875 --> 00:15:36.667
But look, I don't want
to hear stories.

00:15:36.833 --> 00:15:40.250
No, but on the subject,

00:15:40.417 --> 00:15:42.125
your mother said
"then you criticize..."

00:15:42.292 --> 00:15:43.750
I don't put anyone down,

00:15:44.583 --> 00:15:47.792
but it pisses me off

00:15:47.958 --> 00:15:52.042
to see people laughing at me
to top it off.

00:15:52.208 --> 00:15:54.583
No bastard laughs at me.

00:15:56.083 --> 00:15:58.417
I could rip their eyes out...

00:16:01.083 --> 00:16:02.250
Amazing...

00:16:02.417 --> 00:16:05.333
What I saw there was indescribable.

00:16:06.750 --> 00:16:09.333
What happened?

00:16:11.667 --> 00:16:14.250
What didn't happen?
Nothing good.

00:16:15.625 --> 00:16:17.792
These kids...

00:16:19.375 --> 00:16:21.250
The first day...

00:16:21.417 --> 00:16:24.250
The last to arrive
are given the hardest classes.

00:16:24.417 --> 00:16:25.708
My profession's not like surgeons.

00:16:25.875 --> 00:16:27.458
Hard operations are given
to the most experienced.

00:16:27.667 --> 00:16:29.667
In my job, it's the least experienced,

00:16:29.833 --> 00:16:32.083
the new one gets the worst of it.

00:16:32.250 --> 00:16:34.542
My first-grade class was tough.

00:16:34.708 --> 00:16:36.625
The youngest, the liveliest,

00:16:36.792 --> 00:16:41.000
and the biggest group
in the school, 16 of them.

00:16:41.167 --> 00:16:43.958
Normally there were groups of 6.

00:16:44.792 --> 00:16:49.333
You could be shaking
when you went to this class.

00:16:50.917 --> 00:16:53.083
And the first day,

00:16:53.250 --> 00:16:56.917
one little girl, with the face of
an old lady, but 6 years old...

00:16:57.958 --> 00:17:00.208
I gave her the scissors
to put up their names.

00:17:00.375 --> 00:17:03.292
I was told they couldn't write.

00:17:03.458 --> 00:17:06.125
You usually can at 6.

00:17:06.292 --> 00:17:09.875
I gave them out their names.

00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:11.999
This girl took out a sandwich...

00:17:12.125 --> 00:17:16.708
and started making circles
with the sandwich bag.

00:17:18.833 --> 00:17:20.708
I'm from La Unión

00:17:20.875 --> 00:17:22.292
so I know what those bags are for.

00:17:22.458 --> 00:17:24.542
They're for selling drugs.

00:17:24.708 --> 00:17:26.917
They're bags they give out,

00:17:27.042 --> 00:17:28.542
with whatever kind of drugs,

00:17:28.708 --> 00:17:30.333
I know there could be cocaine.

00:17:33.167 --> 00:17:36.708
The girl gave me a defiant look...
6 years old.

00:17:36.875 --> 00:17:38.375
Provoking me.

00:17:38.583 --> 00:17:40.999
I said to her... I took a breath.

00:17:41.958 --> 00:17:43.999
I'm not kicking up a fuss
because there's no point.

00:17:44.125 --> 00:17:45.333
I said to her:

00:17:45.542 --> 00:17:47.875
"Do that if you want,

00:17:48.000 --> 00:17:49.375
but you'll lose your hanger
and your table."

00:17:49.583 --> 00:17:51.208
This little thug

00:17:51.375 --> 00:17:52.583
was taller than the others

00:17:52.750 --> 00:17:54.167
and when she was about
to lose her hanger,

00:17:54.333 --> 00:17:56.333
she cut out her name,
pushed through

00:17:56.542 --> 00:17:58.542
and took the hanger
and table she wanted.

00:17:58.708 --> 00:18:00.333
That was the respect she got.

00:18:00.542 --> 00:18:03.833
There's this hierarchy
they see in their parents...

00:18:04.542 --> 00:18:07.875
Because it's not the same
selling drugs by kilos

00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:10.542
as small-time dealing
and the consumer.

00:18:10.708 --> 00:18:13.583
Their parents' hierarchy

00:18:14.667 --> 00:18:17.208
is reflected in the school.

00:18:18.625 --> 00:18:21.750
It worked that way between them,
it was hard to resolve...

00:18:21.917 --> 00:18:23.667
A conflict there was...

00:18:23.833 --> 00:18:24.917
...impossible.

00:18:25.667 --> 00:18:29.625
Conflicts were never resolved,
they'd stop fighting, but little else.

00:18:30.625 --> 00:18:32.375
In that neighbourhood,

00:18:32.958 --> 00:18:35.250
they don't respect Mum, Dad,

00:18:35.417 --> 00:18:37.625
Grandma, nothing.

00:18:37.792 --> 00:18:38.958
Why wouldn't they hit me

00:18:39.083 --> 00:18:42.417
if they kick grandma
in the line outside school.

00:18:44.250 --> 00:18:46.375
At least I had some resources

00:18:46.583 --> 00:18:48.792
that they didn't use much
in that neighbourhood,

00:18:48.958 --> 00:18:53.833
which was affection, looking them
in the eyes, caressing, hugging.

00:18:53.999 --> 00:18:55.583
And that got me into trouble too.

00:18:55.750 --> 00:18:57.542
Hugging a boy because
he was furious...

00:18:58.583 --> 00:19:02.000
because his mum had said to him:
"I hope you die, that a truck hits you."

00:19:02.167 --> 00:19:03.208
How else would he be?

00:19:03.375 --> 00:19:07.000
The first boy he ran across,
they laid into each other.

00:19:07.167 --> 00:19:09.292
I grabbed the boy,
hugged him: "Come on, honey..."

00:19:10.208 --> 00:19:13.250
And the boy elbowed me so hard
I doubled over...

00:19:13.417 --> 00:19:14.625
Horrible.

00:19:14.958 --> 00:19:15.999
Horrible.

00:19:16.125 --> 00:19:19.125
He was like: Who are you
to be affectionate with me?

00:19:19.292 --> 00:19:20.999
I understand the boy.
"Who are you?"

00:19:21.125 --> 00:19:23.792
Just another teacher...
I get it.

00:19:23.958 --> 00:19:27.083
They come and go,
no teacher stays here.

00:19:27.625 --> 00:19:30.542
They feel neglected
because the teachers don't last.

00:19:30.708 --> 00:19:33.042
Here the teachers come and go,
come and go.

00:19:34.042 --> 00:19:37.542
I can respect that. I left too.

00:19:38.583 --> 00:19:40.792
If I'm working, that's great.

00:19:40.958 --> 00:19:42.958
I'm working and I'm distracted.

00:19:44.333 --> 00:19:48.750
Otherwise I'm anxious and bored.

00:19:48.917 --> 00:19:50.417
Then there are the bills.

00:19:50.625 --> 00:19:52.958
You have to work, otherwise...

00:19:53.083 --> 00:19:55.083
If you're not, you have it rough,

00:19:55.875 --> 00:19:59.667
you're bored to death,
you feel bad, you get sick.

00:20:00.375 --> 00:20:02.250
That's happened to me.

00:20:02.417 --> 00:20:06.250
You agonize over things,
get sick, depressed.

00:20:07.583 --> 00:20:09.417
It happened to me,

00:20:09.625 --> 00:20:13.167
last year or round then,

00:20:13.333 --> 00:20:15.625
and it had never happened to me,

00:20:15.792 --> 00:20:17.999
because of the crisis,
you're out of work,

00:20:18.125 --> 00:20:19.250
and being alone and all that,

00:20:19.417 --> 00:20:21.625
you think: "Fuck, if I don't work,

00:20:21.792 --> 00:20:23.583
who's going to help me?"

00:20:23.750 --> 00:20:27.125
So you have no support,
so like it or not...

00:20:27.292 --> 00:20:31.125
you worry yourself sick
and you get sick.

00:20:31.292 --> 00:20:35.999
I got this anxiety.

00:20:36.125 --> 00:20:38.083
I went to the doctor

00:20:38.250 --> 00:20:41.792
because I couldn't sleep
for over a month.

00:20:42.083 --> 00:20:45.167
Night would come
and I was afraid of it.

00:20:45.333 --> 00:20:46.458
I was scared.

00:20:46.667 --> 00:20:48.292
I'd go to bed
and fret over things,

00:20:48.458 --> 00:20:50.167
I'd have to get up and watch TV.

00:20:50.333 --> 00:20:52.083
After a while I'd go to bed
and the same thing.

00:20:52.250 --> 00:20:54.833
Then I'd have to get up,
almost crying,

00:20:54.999 --> 00:20:57.875
so I went to Emergencies
and told the woman on duty

00:20:58.000 --> 00:20:59.792
what was going on with me,

00:20:59.958 --> 00:21:01.250
almost in tears.

00:21:01.417 --> 00:21:02.833
I told her and she said:

00:21:02.999 --> 00:21:05.292
"You've got anxiety..."

00:21:05.458 --> 00:21:07.583
So she prescribed me
some sleeping pills.

00:21:07.750 --> 00:21:09.833
Was it alright with the pills?

00:21:09.999 --> 00:21:13.917
Yes. It was hard because
they did strange things to me.

00:21:14.042 --> 00:21:16.833
I'd take the pill

00:21:16.999 --> 00:21:19.999
and then during the night
I'd jump up in bed.

00:21:20.750 --> 00:21:24.375
Scared, dazed, you get that
with the pills.

00:21:25.542 --> 00:21:27.375
Your body's not used to it,

00:21:27.583 --> 00:21:30.958
I reacted strangely
for a couple of weeks.

00:21:31.083 --> 00:21:32.542
I was kind of surprised.

00:21:33.333 --> 00:21:35.583
Later I got over it.

00:21:36.208 --> 00:21:38.999
I said: "I don't want to take pills,

00:21:39.125 --> 00:21:40.875
I'll stop them gradually."

00:21:41.000 --> 00:21:42.958
I asked a guy who was
taking pills and he said:

00:21:43.083 --> 00:21:44.083
"They're addictive.

00:21:44.250 --> 00:21:45.958
If you don't stop,
it's really rough."

00:21:47.250 --> 00:21:49.167
I'd take my car,

00:21:49.333 --> 00:21:50.999
pay for the gas,

00:21:51.125 --> 00:21:52.375
go in at 8 a.m.,

00:21:52.583 --> 00:21:54.292
I'd leave at 3 p.m.,

00:21:54.458 --> 00:21:58.000
and then I found out
I was only hired for 5 hours.

00:21:59.750 --> 00:22:01.542
I told the Post Office to piss off.

00:22:01.708 --> 00:22:03.708
Do you know that?

00:22:03.958 --> 00:22:05.792
They asked me for money

00:22:05.958 --> 00:22:08.250
and I said "no".

00:22:08.417 --> 00:22:11.292
I got someone from the union
and said: "Look,

00:22:11.458 --> 00:22:15.708
this, this and this..."
He said: "Don't worry about it".

00:22:18.125 --> 00:22:20.708
I said: "Hand them out yourself",

00:22:20.875 --> 00:22:22.750
to the head of the Post Office.

00:22:23.542 --> 00:22:27.125
He's the head of Traffic
or something now.

00:22:27.292 --> 00:22:31.083
They pour liquid down the sewers
to kill the cockroaches.

00:22:31.250 --> 00:22:32.667
-They've stopped that.
-Have they?

00:22:32.833 --> 00:22:35.542
To kill the cockroaches in the sewers,

00:22:35.708 --> 00:22:38.083
and when it rains,
the poison goes into the sea,

00:22:38.250 --> 00:22:41.542
it comes out at La Algameca
and other places...

00:22:41.708 --> 00:22:44.999
They stopped it because
we reported the Council

00:22:45.125 --> 00:22:46.708
to the Autonomous Community.

00:22:46.875 --> 00:22:49.750
-It was killing everything.
-Dead fish...

00:22:49.917 --> 00:22:52.250
Yes, you'd see dead fish.

00:22:54.083 --> 00:22:57.167
The shrimp came
to the surface to die.

00:22:57.333 --> 00:22:59.375
They looked singed,
came up to the surface,

00:22:59.583 --> 00:23:02.292
the crabs, the clams, the cockles...

00:23:02.458 --> 00:23:03.792
It killed everything.

00:23:03.958 --> 00:23:05.833
Four years ago it was

00:23:06.875 --> 00:23:09.208
when they put that in
and it killed everything.

00:23:11.042 --> 00:23:15.083
The water the first day was green.

00:23:15.250 --> 00:23:17.792
You know? Green.

00:23:18.458 --> 00:23:21.333
Then it turned white.

00:23:21.542 --> 00:23:23.750
But white, white.
You couldn't see the bottom.

00:23:23.917 --> 00:23:26.999
-As if they'd put milk in the water.
-The chemical reaction...

00:23:28.000 --> 00:23:30.875
Three days later,
when it began to clear,

00:23:31.458 --> 00:23:34.250
everything on the seabed was...

00:23:34.417 --> 00:23:35.625
the mantis shrimp...

00:23:35.792 --> 00:23:37.333
Mantis shrimp, clams...

00:23:37.542 --> 00:23:40.042
Those worms? Buckets.

00:23:40.208 --> 00:23:42.583
I got whole buckets: worms,

00:23:42.750 --> 00:23:46.042
the ones for fishing,

00:23:46.833 --> 00:23:48.375
I got buckets out.

00:23:49.999 --> 00:23:52.667
It's acidic, it's poison.

00:23:52.833 --> 00:23:54.458
There's always been
a lot of clams there.

00:23:54.667 --> 00:23:56.708
Clam fishermen lived off that.

00:23:56.875 --> 00:23:58.375
In the neighbourhood, right?

00:23:58.583 --> 00:23:59.750
Yes, "One Arm."

00:23:59.917 --> 00:24:02.542
There was Paco
the clam fisherman

00:24:02.708 --> 00:24:06.708
and Enrique Sánchez Vázquez,
who left Bazán...

00:24:06.875 --> 00:24:08.999
...to avoid paying his wife.

00:24:09.125 --> 00:24:11.792
He caught his wife
sleeping with another man

00:24:11.958 --> 00:24:14.542
and when they split up,
he had to pay alimony,

00:24:14.708 --> 00:24:16.083
so he left Bazán
in order not to pay.

00:24:18.083 --> 00:24:20.000
It's kind of nasty, huh?

00:24:20.167 --> 00:24:24.250
You go out at night,
you want to get home,

00:24:24.417 --> 00:24:28.125
and there are girls
taking drugs everywhere.

00:24:28.750 --> 00:24:30.999
-Okay.
-I think: "Are they going to kill me?"

00:24:31.125 --> 00:24:33.833
People are scared
that I'll kill them

00:24:33.999 --> 00:24:36.625
and I'm scared to get killed.

00:24:36.792 --> 00:24:41.667
That's the main problem
in my neighbourhood.

00:24:41.833 --> 00:24:45.917
You have to go inside there, and depending
on the time, something could happen?

00:24:46.042 --> 00:24:48.458
Does it happen
or is it more of a legend?

00:24:48.667 --> 00:24:51.208
You feel creeped out
about these girls

00:24:51.375 --> 00:24:53.875
taking drugs and
prostituting themselves...

00:24:54.000 --> 00:24:55.375
The girls aren't the main problem,

00:24:55.583 --> 00:24:59.125
it's the men looking for them.

00:24:59.458 --> 00:25:03.958
What if they mistake you,
stop you, then get mad at you?

00:25:04.083 --> 00:25:06.000
It happens, they stop you.

00:25:06.167 --> 00:25:09.625
What? Cars stop you thinking
that you're a prostitute?

00:25:09.792 --> 00:25:11.375
Me and anyone there.

00:25:11.583 --> 00:25:14.958
No matter how you're dressed,
if you're a woman, they stop you.

00:25:16.125 --> 00:25:17.667
It's really uncomfortable.

00:25:17.833 --> 00:25:19.667
-Uncomfortable?
-Scary.

00:25:19.833 --> 00:25:22.375
You say 'uncomfortable'.
I wouldn't,

00:25:22.583 --> 00:25:25.792
It's more than uncomfortable...

00:25:27.292 --> 00:25:28.375
It's terrible.

00:25:28.583 --> 00:25:33.999
Gambling is the biggest problem
all over Spain today.

00:25:34.125 --> 00:25:35.708
Bigger than drugs or anything.

00:25:36.417 --> 00:25:38.250
It gets 15-year-olds

00:25:38.417 --> 00:25:41.375
to gamble away all the money
they have from working.

00:25:41.583 --> 00:25:45.000
The other day
I was going down Calle Mayor,

00:25:45.167 --> 00:25:48.000
walking around El Vinagrero,

00:25:48.167 --> 00:25:52.375
and I saw a group of lads
13 or 14 years old

00:25:52.583 --> 00:25:55.917
going up the old De Colores.

00:25:56.042 --> 00:25:59.750
They look at me,
I keep walking and a Moorish kid

00:25:59.917 --> 00:26:01.875
comes up and says
"Will you place a bet for me?"

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:05.083
I was going to rehabilitation,
from the accident I had,

00:26:05.250 --> 00:26:07.542
and I said "Sorry, man.

00:26:08.167 --> 00:26:10.958
I'm not placing a bet for you."

00:26:11.083 --> 00:26:11.833
He said "No?"

00:26:11.999 --> 00:26:15.708
I left, but the kid was waiting
for any adult,

00:26:15.875 --> 00:26:16.999
simply to...

00:26:17.125 --> 00:26:18.292
to place a bet.

00:26:18.458 --> 00:26:19.208
Yes.

00:26:19.375 --> 00:26:20.792
There are loads like that.

00:26:21.875 --> 00:26:23.750
I don't know, it's like...

00:26:24.458 --> 00:26:26.417
Different mentalities too,

00:26:26.625 --> 00:26:28.042
different from before.

00:26:28.958 --> 00:26:31.375
Like it's another time.

00:26:31.583 --> 00:26:35.708
Bastarreche teaches lots of trades,
hairdressing, beauty courses...

00:26:35.875 --> 00:26:39.999
I knew I didn't want
to work in depilation.

00:26:40.125 --> 00:26:42.667
I wanted to work in makeup,

00:26:42.833 --> 00:26:44.917
and I wanted to get 1st
and 2nd in beauty,

00:26:45.125 --> 00:26:46.750
to get into film makeup...

00:26:48.000 --> 00:26:49.000
Right.

00:26:49.167 --> 00:26:50.167
For that I had to go to Murcia.

00:26:50.333 --> 00:26:51.208
Okay.

00:26:51.375 --> 00:26:53.542
I thought Murcia had that.

00:26:53.708 --> 00:26:56.250
For that I have to go to Murcia,
it isn't here.

00:26:56.999 --> 00:26:58.125
And from Murcia to Madrid.

00:26:58.292 --> 00:26:59.792
-It isn't anywhere else.
-Right.

00:27:02.625 --> 00:27:06.375
I got in and I didn't finish,

00:27:08.875 --> 00:27:12.667
I kind of gave up,
like "I'll stay here and work,

00:27:12.833 --> 00:27:16.167
because I'm not good at
what I like to do."

00:27:16.333 --> 00:27:17.833
Well, you don't know that.

00:27:17.999 --> 00:27:19.333
Sure, now you think about it,

00:27:19.542 --> 00:27:21.625
but I'm saying what
I thought at the time.

00:27:21.958 --> 00:27:26.125
Just turned 18.

00:27:26.292 --> 00:27:27.958
Having left school too.

00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:33.125
My father's always said
"You want it? You earn it."

00:27:33.292 --> 00:27:35.667
The time I was at
Vocational Training

00:27:35.833 --> 00:27:37.667
all I did was study,

00:27:37.833 --> 00:27:38.999
stuck at home,

00:27:39.125 --> 00:27:40.958
and I'd spend time
on the street

00:27:41.083 --> 00:27:43.125
with a friend.

00:27:43.542 --> 00:27:44.542
Right.

00:27:44.708 --> 00:27:46.417
I was broke and he'd
want to do stuff

00:27:46.625 --> 00:27:47.625
and I'd say "I'm broke.

00:27:48.333 --> 00:27:49.917
I'm broke."

00:27:50.042 --> 00:27:52.999
"You must have
enough for a drink" and I'd say...

00:27:53.750 --> 00:27:55.999
"No, I've got nothing.

00:27:56.125 --> 00:27:59.792
-Bring a bottle and we'll..."
-Totally.

00:28:00.292 --> 00:28:02.958
"If you come see me, great,
otherwise I can't."

00:28:04.625 --> 00:28:07.125
You feel a bit suffocated.

00:28:07.292 --> 00:28:08.667
"I want to go out and do stuff...

00:28:08.833 --> 00:28:11.958
Just turned 18 and I want to..."

00:28:12.083 --> 00:28:14.792
So I got a job as a waitress.

00:28:15.333 --> 00:28:17.208
I worked in the mornings
for my father

00:28:17.375 --> 00:28:19.458
and at night in a bar.

00:28:19.667 --> 00:28:22.958
Fuck, what a grind.
You worked for your dad?

00:28:23.083 --> 00:28:25.333
Yes, until after lunch.

00:28:25.542 --> 00:28:26.875
What time did you get up?

00:28:27.000 --> 00:28:28.917
In the morning? At 5.

00:28:29.042 --> 00:28:31.917
5 a.m., you got off after lunch
and then served drinks?

00:28:32.042 --> 00:28:34.917
I'd start at 6
and get out at 4 a.m.

00:28:35.042 --> 00:28:35.750
Fuck...

00:28:35.917 --> 00:28:38.458
When did you sleep?
The hours don't add up.

00:28:38.667 --> 00:28:39.583
Not much.

00:28:41.167 --> 00:28:42.583
How long were like that?

00:28:42.750 --> 00:28:45.542
-A year and a half.
-Fuck...

00:29:28.500 --> 00:29:31.833
After the definitive closing of the mines

00:29:31.999 --> 00:29:37.542
the main industrial companies
in Cartagena and La Unión in 1991 were:

00:29:37.708 --> 00:29:39.625
Empresa Nacional Bazán (shipyard)

00:29:39.792 --> 00:29:41.792
Repsol (refinery)

00:29:41.958 --> 00:29:44.667
Fesa, Enfersa and Asur (fertilizers)

00:29:44.833 --> 00:29:47.875
Fundición Santa Lucía-Peñarroya (lead)

00:29:48.000 --> 00:29:49.917
Española del zinc (zinc)

00:29:50.042 --> 00:29:55.583
Depending on these factories
were dozens of other auxiliary companies

00:29:55.750 --> 00:30:01.458
that carry out the work of repair,
maintenance, supply and transport.

00:30:01.833 --> 00:30:04.792
The column of protesters,

00:30:04.958 --> 00:30:08.083
no less than 3000 people,

00:30:08.250 --> 00:30:11.333
began a march that lasted
almost 3 hours.

00:30:11.542 --> 00:30:14.583
As it passed the government building,

00:30:14.750 --> 00:30:17.125
the first incidents occurred,

00:30:17.292 --> 00:30:20.417
reaching their height
at San Esteban Palace,

00:30:20.625 --> 00:30:23.708
seat of the Presidency
of the Regional Government.

00:30:24.625 --> 00:30:27.333
Already in Murcia, at 11:20 a.m.,

00:30:27.542 --> 00:30:30.167
the demonstration began
down the streets of the city.

00:30:30.333 --> 00:30:32.792
The traffic gridlock
in the city of the Segura,

00:30:32.958 --> 00:30:35.208
has been striking,

00:30:35.375 --> 00:30:38.292
the motorway around Murcia
blocked for three hours.

00:30:38.458 --> 00:30:41.625
The protesters criticized
in words I cannot repeat here

00:30:41.792 --> 00:30:45.000
the Mayor of Cartagena,
the Treasurer,

00:30:45.167 --> 00:30:48.333
the Minister for the Economy
and the President.

00:30:48.542 --> 00:30:51.958
But the President of the Regional
Government, Carlos Collado,

00:30:52.083 --> 00:30:54.417
was the target of most
of what was said.

00:30:54.792 --> 00:30:56.333
Sir, what do you think
of the demonstration?

00:30:56.542 --> 00:30:58.792
-First, are you from Murcia?
-Yes, I'm from here.

00:30:58.958 --> 00:31:01.833
What do you think of the protest?
How does it affect you?

00:31:01.999 --> 00:31:05.542
We accept it, it's justice...

00:31:05.708 --> 00:31:08.875
it's fair what these people
a protesting about.

00:31:09.000 --> 00:31:11.708
After so many years in the company,

00:31:11.875 --> 00:31:13.833
and suddenly they're on the street...

00:31:13.999 --> 00:31:16.458
we think it's not right.

00:31:16.667 --> 00:31:18.833
The government should look at it

00:31:18.999 --> 00:31:23.000
and take precautionary measures
so that this doesn't happen.

00:31:23.708 --> 00:31:27.375
At 12 sharp, the march entered
the Floridablanca roundabout.

00:31:27.583 --> 00:31:30.792
At 12:20 it stopped in front
of the main government building,

00:31:30.958 --> 00:31:33.083
where the first incidents occurred,

00:31:33.250 --> 00:31:35.958
a large group of demonstrators
trying to force open

00:31:36.083 --> 00:31:38.333
the door leading onto the street.

00:31:38.542 --> 00:31:42.292
After a struggle with those
defending the building from inside,

00:31:42.458 --> 00:31:44.417
member of the National Police

00:31:44.625 --> 00:31:47.042
let in some 7 persons,

00:31:47.208 --> 00:31:50.167
among them the head
of the Bazán committee,

00:31:50.333 --> 00:31:51.208
Antonio Sáez.

00:31:51.375 --> 00:31:54.125
In the 15 minutes of the meeting
of the protesters

00:31:54.292 --> 00:31:55.875
with the government delegate,

00:31:56.000 --> 00:31:59.333
bags were thrown at the building
with paint, oranges, lemons,

00:31:59.542 --> 00:32:02.792
fireworks, bottles of ammonia,
rocks, screws, etc.

00:32:02.958 --> 00:32:05.750
As the meeting went on,
there was singing outside too...

00:32:23.167 --> 00:32:26.917
When the representatives of
the demonstrators came out,

00:32:27.042 --> 00:32:28.917
the demonstration was renewed

00:32:29.042 --> 00:32:31.917
and we approached the head
of the Bazán committee.

00:32:32.042 --> 00:32:34.917
Antonio Sáez, what happened
here in the government building?

00:32:35.042 --> 00:32:37.708
We went up to see
the government delegate.

00:32:38.708 --> 00:32:41.375
We told her that
you can't say on the radio,

00:32:41.583 --> 00:32:43.583
that violence breeds violence,

00:32:43.750 --> 00:32:46.999
and receiving us with chains
on the building and police cordon

00:32:47.125 --> 00:32:50.333
breeds violence
and what breeds violence

00:32:50.542 --> 00:32:53.250
are the attempts to put people
out on the street without work,

00:32:53.417 --> 00:32:55.417
on which their families depend.

00:32:55.625 --> 00:32:57.417
Did something happen?
You looked upset coming out.

00:32:57.625 --> 00:32:59.542
No, nothing.
You just get worked up.

00:33:15.625 --> 00:33:19.583
You stacked it with ice
and now it's just water.

00:33:19.750 --> 00:33:22.208
Yes, at least you're hydrated.

00:33:23.750 --> 00:33:26.292
Check it out,
he's already got a "12 volts".

00:33:28.250 --> 00:33:30.750
He's got "6 volts", yeah.

00:33:34.125 --> 00:33:36.083
What a gambling bug, eh?

00:33:36.958 --> 00:33:38.708
A coke habit would be cheaper.

00:33:40.999 --> 00:33:43.000
It's not a gambling bug.

00:33:43.167 --> 00:33:45.375
He's popping coins
into the machine all day.

00:33:45.583 --> 00:33:48.167
-No, no.
-When he's not broke.

00:33:48.333 --> 00:33:50.333
You don't get it,
today he knows he's going to win.

00:33:50.542 --> 00:33:51.458
Oh, he knows...

00:33:51.667 --> 00:33:52.542
He knows, man.

00:33:53.208 --> 00:33:55.999
He knows where the wheel is,
everything.

00:33:56.833 --> 00:34:00.917
I've worked as a baker, a builder,
a hairdresser, confectioner, baker...

00:34:01.750 --> 00:34:03.750
Perfect, perfect.

00:34:07.042 --> 00:34:08.792
Guys, how's work?

00:34:08.958 --> 00:34:10.125
-Eh?
-How's work?

00:34:10.292 --> 00:34:12.750
No work talk. I'm drinking.

00:34:13.208 --> 00:34:15.917
Pepi earns less than your brother Dani.

00:34:16.042 --> 00:34:17.583
Some things make us
no money at all.

00:34:17.875 --> 00:34:20.292
That's what they say,
but I don't get it.

00:34:20.625 --> 00:34:23.250
When you sign a contract

00:34:23.417 --> 00:34:25.333
it doesn't specify if you're
a man or a woman.

00:34:25.542 --> 00:34:26.208
No.

00:34:26.375 --> 00:34:26.999
But...

00:34:30.458 --> 00:34:32.833
You and I were painters.

00:34:32.999 --> 00:34:34.875
We have to sign
a contract by number.

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:36.000
She makes less!

00:34:36.167 --> 00:34:38.375
-It's 532...
-But it doesn't specify...

00:34:38.583 --> 00:34:40.083
We both sign the same contract.
She makes less than me?

00:34:40.250 --> 00:34:42.208
It doesn't specify
if you're a man or a woman.

00:34:42.375 --> 00:34:44.708
It specifies working hours.
How much will you make?

00:34:44.875 --> 00:34:47.333
You make more than I do.

00:34:47.542 --> 00:34:48.999
On the same contract.

00:34:49.125 --> 00:34:51.333
In the jobs with more women,

00:34:51.542 --> 00:34:54.458
there's a different contract
and they get paid less.

00:34:54.667 --> 00:34:55.708
Raúl!

00:34:55.875 --> 00:34:57.042
Two beers!

00:34:57.208 --> 00:34:59.042
-Make it three, please.
-Four!

00:34:59.750 --> 00:35:01.042
Five, five!

00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:03.250
You're having two?

00:35:05.667 --> 00:35:07.208
I saw that coming.

00:35:07.375 --> 00:35:08.708
The waiter's already...

00:35:09.958 --> 00:35:10.792
What can you do?

00:35:11.333 --> 00:35:13.875
I can work
and I like to keep moving.

00:35:14.000 --> 00:35:16.458
That's good. You like to move?

00:35:16.667 --> 00:35:18.125
Do you mind loading?

00:35:18.292 --> 00:35:20.917
Not at all.
Still, it depends on the wages.

00:35:23.125 --> 00:35:25.083
Depends on the weight
and the wages.

00:35:25.250 --> 00:35:25.999
Okay.

00:35:26.125 --> 00:35:27.750
But I'm one of those people

00:35:27.917 --> 00:35:31.000
-who prefers to work.
-To keep moving.

00:35:31.167 --> 00:35:34.208
Instead of being unemployed.

00:35:34.375 --> 00:35:36.708
Being unemployed makes me sick.

00:35:36.875 --> 00:35:39.958
It makes me sick, man.
Being idle here...

00:35:41.083 --> 00:35:42.583
I'd love to join your company.

00:35:42.750 --> 00:35:44.583
I was talking to him and...

00:35:44.750 --> 00:35:46.583
I'm thinking about it too.

00:35:46.750 --> 00:35:47.750
She has a company?

00:35:47.917 --> 00:35:50.917
No, I mean working...

00:35:51.042 --> 00:35:52.958
-In the industry.
-Exactly.

00:35:54.292 --> 00:35:55.583
You don't know what it is.

00:35:55.750 --> 00:35:59.417
It's not that I don't know,
but there are no openings...

00:35:59.625 --> 00:36:01.000
-If you're not educated...
-Do you work in the industry?

00:36:03.917 --> 00:36:05.458
I work in metal structures.

00:36:05.625 --> 00:36:08.333
I was never asked
what I wanted to be.

00:36:08.500 --> 00:36:10.708
That's in Hollywood movies.

00:36:10.875 --> 00:36:13.417
A family in Cartagena
doesn't ask you what to want to be.

00:36:13.625 --> 00:36:16.333
You worked in Bazán
like your father and grandfather.

00:36:16.542 --> 00:36:17.667
It was crystal clear.

00:36:17.833 --> 00:36:19.792
You couldn't do anything else.

00:36:20.667 --> 00:36:23.708
I got A's in junior high.

00:36:23.875 --> 00:36:25.750
They didn't say: "This kid could be
a doctor, an engineer,

00:36:25.917 --> 00:36:27.417
a teacher, or..." No, no.

00:36:27.625 --> 00:36:29.583
This kid's going into Bazán, full stop.

00:36:29.750 --> 00:36:32.125
At 14 I told my dad
I wanted to do high school

00:36:32.292 --> 00:36:33.250
and he didn't let me.

00:36:33.417 --> 00:36:35.333
-He didn't let you?
-He didn't let me.

00:36:38.083 --> 00:36:40.999
He was determined that
I had to work in that company.

00:36:41.125 --> 00:36:43.917
I didn't want to study,
I wasn't a good student,

00:36:44.042 --> 00:36:47.667
I didn't like it,
I finished junior high and left school.

00:36:47.833 --> 00:36:49.792
I started working.
My father said to me:

00:36:49.958 --> 00:36:52.458
"Don't be silly, you're the youngest,
we're doing better, study..."

00:36:52.667 --> 00:36:53.708
I didn't want to.

00:36:55.750 --> 00:36:58.999
I started working in a biscuit factory
in Miranda and I lasted 5 days.

00:36:59.125 --> 00:37:03.708
I came back: "Dad, 8 hours a day
putting biscuits in a box..."

00:37:03.875 --> 00:37:05.250
"I told you. Go and study."

00:37:05.417 --> 00:37:06.833
I went to an academy,
I didn't like that,

00:37:06.999 --> 00:37:08.167
I went back to work...

00:37:08.333 --> 00:37:10.833
I wanted to work, to leave home.

00:37:10.999 --> 00:37:12.750
The only way to leave home...

00:37:13.250 --> 00:37:14.999
was to work.

00:37:15.125 --> 00:37:16.583
And the first chance I got

00:37:16.750 --> 00:37:18.792
at 18...

00:37:20.042 --> 00:37:25.208
A friend had a hotel in Ribadesella
and I said "I'm going there".

00:37:25.375 --> 00:37:27.667
Was there trouble with your family?

00:37:27.833 --> 00:37:28.750
With my mother, yes.

00:37:30.250 --> 00:37:33.542
Days before I left
I had my bag packed.

00:37:34.458 --> 00:37:37.458
I put things in
and my mother took them out.

00:37:38.083 --> 00:37:40.417
I put in something in
and my mother took it out.

00:37:41.583 --> 00:37:45.000
The last memory of my mother
when I left was her screaming.

00:37:45.333 --> 00:37:48.042
"Don't come back! Bad daughter!"

00:37:48.208 --> 00:37:51.000
"You were to be the joy of
my old age and now you leave!"

00:37:52.000 --> 00:37:55.583
-She hoped you'd look after her.
-Exactly, exactly.

00:37:55.750 --> 00:37:59.958
In fact,
she didn't speak to me for a year.

00:38:00.083 --> 00:38:02.833
One week I was on afternoon shift

00:38:03.708 --> 00:38:06.292
and they were telling the groups
going to frames,

00:38:06.458 --> 00:38:08.750
to the tanks and such...

00:38:08.917 --> 00:38:12.333
In one of those groups
they were a lad short.

00:38:13.375 --> 00:38:15.958
I went to the storeroom,
asked for a mask and said:

00:38:16.083 --> 00:38:17.042
"You guys keep quiet."

00:38:17.208 --> 00:38:20.999
I had an excellent relationship
with all my co-workers.

00:38:21.958 --> 00:38:23.417
I got into the tank.

00:38:24.417 --> 00:38:25.708
We were working there...

00:38:25.875 --> 00:38:28.042
They had to help me in and out,

00:38:28.208 --> 00:38:29.458
but it was no problem.

00:38:30.667 --> 00:38:33.333
-You got in there?
-Yes, all the way.

00:38:33.542 --> 00:38:34.750
With the group.

00:38:34.917 --> 00:38:37.667
You were curious about
getting in there.

00:38:37.833 --> 00:38:39.333
I wanted to be like anyone else.

00:38:39.542 --> 00:38:42.417
They weren't sending me
into the tank because I was a woman.

00:38:42.625 --> 00:38:44.958
I spoke to the foreman
and he said to me:

00:38:45.083 --> 00:38:47.125
"Mari Carmen, women
in the tank, no.

00:38:47.708 --> 00:38:51.167
It's a very tight space..."

00:38:51.750 --> 00:38:54.583
"I don't want women in the tank."
It was like that.

00:38:54.750 --> 00:38:59.167
So, I've always been
kind of above the law, right?

00:39:00.999 --> 00:39:03.417
One afternoon they were
one worker short

00:39:03.625 --> 00:39:05.125
and I saw my chance and said...

00:39:05.292 --> 00:39:06.250
"Here goes."

00:39:08.167 --> 00:39:10.875
I was backed by my co-workers,
who knew me,

00:39:11.000 --> 00:39:13.750
I'd worked with them
for a while and they knew

00:39:13.917 --> 00:39:15.000
it wasn't a problem.

00:39:15.167 --> 00:39:18.708
"Go, we'll help you
in and out, don't worry."

00:39:18.875 --> 00:39:19.833
And that's how it was.

00:39:19.999 --> 00:39:25.625
I did the job, but the foreman
wanted me for another job...

00:39:25.792 --> 00:39:27.125
"Where's Mari Carmen?"

00:39:27.292 --> 00:39:28.875
Some co-workers said:

00:39:29.000 --> 00:39:30.250
"In the tank."

00:39:31.625 --> 00:39:34.250
When I came out, soaked in sweat

00:39:34.417 --> 00:39:36.333
because it's damp in there,

00:39:36.542 --> 00:39:37.750
a specific damp,

00:39:37.917 --> 00:39:40.458
we'd wear paper overalls
over our other overalls,

00:39:40.667 --> 00:39:42.833
which didn't breathe
so you didn't drip sweat

00:39:42.999 --> 00:39:47.083
because it stained the fabric
and the resin, it lowered the quality,

00:39:47.417 --> 00:39:51.000
and the masks for the tanks

00:39:51.167 --> 00:39:52.875
were really heavy...

00:39:53.875 --> 00:39:56.625
When I came out,
I'd go along the bulwark

00:39:56.792 --> 00:39:58.875
and the whole scaffolding

00:39:59.000 --> 00:40:02.333
set up around the ship.

00:40:02.542 --> 00:40:05.208
Paco García Bayona was...

00:40:05.708 --> 00:40:06.958
Down below, right?

00:40:07.083 --> 00:40:11.833
He looked at me and I thought:
"He's going to give me hell..."

00:40:11.999 --> 00:40:15.333
He said: "You've got more balls
than all of them together"

00:40:15.542 --> 00:40:18.750
From that day on,
I worked in the tanks...

00:40:19.583 --> 00:40:22.542
but with no grief,
no problems.

00:40:22.708 --> 00:40:23.792
Tank, tank, tank...

00:40:23.958 --> 00:40:27.708
The urea plant needs on CO2,

00:40:27.875 --> 00:40:31.625
which produces the ammonia unit,

00:40:31.792 --> 00:40:34.333
it's like an umbilical cord.

00:40:34.542 --> 00:40:37.292
The ammonia plant has to work
for the urea plant to work,

00:40:37.458 --> 00:40:40.083
then you have the spheres

00:40:40.250 --> 00:40:42.333
that are physically here
in Escombreras.

00:40:42.542 --> 00:40:43.875
Spheres of ammonia.

00:40:44.000 --> 00:40:48.875
Then combine it in a compressor
and raise the pressure.

00:40:49.000 --> 00:40:52.583
You put it at 20 or 25,

00:40:52.750 --> 00:40:54.542
at 0.25 kilos, no more.

00:40:54.708 --> 00:40:57.750
Then the compressor
compresses the air

00:40:57.917 --> 00:40:59.167
and it comes to 200Kg.

00:40:59.333 --> 00:41:04.208
When you have it at 200 Kg
and the ammonia at 200 Kg,

00:41:04.375 --> 00:41:06.625
with alternate pumps,

00:41:06.792 --> 00:41:10.000
you put it all in a reactor,
the reactors are...

00:41:10.167 --> 00:41:12.375
Imagine a storage tank,

00:41:12.583 --> 00:41:14.292
it has to take 200 Kg of pressure,

00:41:14.458 --> 00:41:18.167
the reactor being rustproof.

00:41:18.333 --> 00:41:20.375
It can be 10-15 cm thick,

00:41:20.583 --> 00:41:23.125
so the reaction it causes

00:41:23.292 --> 00:41:26.250
is the first step to making urea.

00:41:26.417 --> 00:41:28.667
It comes out in a small percentage,

00:41:28.833 --> 00:41:30.375
I don't remember exactly
if it's 30 or 35,

00:41:30.583 --> 00:41:33.333
and those 200 Kg expand again,

00:41:33.542 --> 00:41:36.167
it goes to 20 Kg,
when you expand again.

00:41:36.333 --> 00:41:39.083
So the molecules gather,

00:41:39.250 --> 00:41:43.375
and the richness of the carbamate
becomes ammonia,

00:41:43.583 --> 00:41:46.208
in 3 or 4 phases,
until just over 3 Kg comes out

00:41:46.375 --> 00:41:50.083
and urea at 90-95%.

00:41:50.250 --> 00:41:52.917
That urea goes into tanks and...

00:41:53.042 --> 00:41:55.125
because it's a liquid
and it has to be hot.

00:41:55.292 --> 00:41:59.417
When urea is under 105,
it solidifies and you have nothing,

00:41:59.625 --> 00:42:04.000
so it was sold in granules,
the grading...

00:42:04.167 --> 00:42:06.208
Just imagine,

00:42:07.292 --> 00:42:10.542
little balls, like anise balls,

00:42:10.708 --> 00:42:12.833
I don't know if they still make those.

00:42:12.999 --> 00:42:15.375
Then you spin it in

00:42:15.583 --> 00:42:19.167
a "prilado" basket, it's called,
and after the spinning,

00:42:19.333 --> 00:42:21.542
the grading is bigger or smaller

00:42:21.708 --> 00:42:24.292
and that's 500 tons a day.

00:42:24.458 --> 00:42:27.000
In winter I did everything.

00:42:27.167 --> 00:42:31.750
I made the beds, served breakfast...
Winter was very slow.

00:42:32.875 --> 00:42:36.250
Then in the evening
my bosses would leave

00:42:36.417 --> 00:42:38.458
and I'd stay at reception
in case a guest came.

00:42:38.667 --> 00:42:40.667
Just watching TV,
but it was all day.

00:42:40.833 --> 00:42:43.792
From 8 a.m. when you got up
until 11 at night.

00:42:43.958 --> 00:42:46.708
At 11 I could go out
for a walk if I wanted.

00:42:46.875 --> 00:42:50.750
I wasn't so keen to go...
I did get out some days, but...

00:42:50.917 --> 00:42:53.917
the hours were long
for 14,000 pesetas a month.

00:42:54.042 --> 00:42:56.375
-In '81?
-'80.

00:42:56.583 --> 00:42:58.417
14,000 pesetas a month

00:42:58.625 --> 00:43:01.250
and in summer...

00:43:02.333 --> 00:43:04.083
24,000 pesetas.

00:43:04.250 --> 00:43:07.167
We'd get up, serve breakfast and...

00:43:07.333 --> 00:43:08.667
do the ironing.

00:43:08.833 --> 00:43:11.417
Then we'd serve lunch, clean up,

00:43:11.625 --> 00:43:15.333
a few hours of rest, then dinners,
so we did all the services.

00:43:15.958 --> 00:43:18.375
From Tuesday to Sunday?

00:43:18.583 --> 00:43:19.833
Every day.

00:43:19.999 --> 00:43:22.792
We only got off Thursday
and Sunday evenings.

00:43:22.958 --> 00:43:25.375
That's it, no holidays there.

00:43:25.583 --> 00:43:28.917
I only went back to Miranda
because I broke my arm.

00:43:30.125 --> 00:43:31.458
In a dryer.

00:43:32.542 --> 00:43:34.083
The slowing device worked badly

00:43:34.250 --> 00:43:36.625
and we'd put in a towel
to stop the dryer.

00:43:36.792 --> 00:43:40.583
It was one of those old dryers.
My arm got caught.

00:43:40.750 --> 00:43:43.917
I broke my ulna and my radius.

00:43:44.958 --> 00:43:47.000
He said to me: "No sick leave.

00:43:47.292 --> 00:43:49.958
Make the most of it now
to go see your family..."

00:43:50.999 --> 00:43:54.750
And I left with no sick leave.
That's how it worked.

00:43:54.917 --> 00:43:56.292
You had no choice.

00:43:57.999 --> 00:43:59.667
Fucking shit,

00:43:59.833 --> 00:44:02.458
the "American shift"
is fucking shit.

00:44:02.667 --> 00:44:04.458
It's a non-stop shift,

00:44:04.667 --> 00:44:07.708
you're on duty 24 hours a day.

00:44:07.875 --> 00:44:10.667
Grinding at night is cheaper because...

00:44:10.833 --> 00:44:13.042
the electricity fees are...

00:44:13.208 --> 00:44:15.792
The weekends are cheaper,

00:44:15.958 --> 00:44:18.375
the fees are off-peak.

00:44:18.583 --> 00:44:22.333
The power is cheaper,
so you make cheaper cement.

00:44:24.958 --> 00:44:28.208
The "American shift" means
working 7 days straight.

00:44:28.375 --> 00:44:31.000
You get the rest of
that day off and the next.

00:44:31.167 --> 00:44:34.792
Another 7 days straight,
that day off and the next.

00:44:34.958 --> 00:44:38.417
Another 7 days straight,
the same thing, then 9 days.

00:44:38.625 --> 00:44:41.000
You never have holidays, but...

00:44:41.167 --> 00:44:43.958
every 21 days you have
10 days holiday,

00:44:44.208 --> 00:44:46.750
so to speak, or 10 days off.

00:44:46.917 --> 00:44:48.292
And does it change...?

00:44:49.375 --> 00:44:52.042
Each of the 7 days varies,

00:44:52.208 --> 00:44:53.583
mornings, afternoons and nights.

00:44:53.750 --> 00:44:57.667
So, at most you have
straight shifts of 3 days

00:44:57.833 --> 00:45:00.125
that coincide with the weekend.

00:45:00.292 --> 00:45:03.167
So the first shift was:

00:45:03.333 --> 00:45:07.042
two mornings, Monday, Tuesday;
two afternoons, Wednesday, Thursday;

00:45:07.208 --> 00:45:10.375
Friday, Saturday and Sunday at night.

00:45:10.583 --> 00:45:13.167
Then you got off night shift

00:45:13.333 --> 00:45:14.750
and you had a day off.

00:45:14.917 --> 00:45:17.708
Then you'd start mornings
on Wednesday and Thursday,

00:45:17.875 --> 00:45:20.000
Friday, Saturday and Sunday afternoons,

00:45:20.167 --> 00:45:21.999
and Monday and Tuesday nights.

00:45:22.125 --> 00:45:23.583
The rest of the day and the next.

00:45:23.750 --> 00:45:26.458
And you'd start Friday, Saturday
and Sunday mornings,

00:45:27.875 --> 00:45:29.208
Monday and Tuesday afternoons,

00:45:29.375 --> 00:45:32.250
and Wednesday and Thursday nights,
then you're off.

00:45:32.417 --> 00:45:35.167
-Didn't that do your head in?
-It kills you.

00:45:35.333 --> 00:45:36.875
It kills you...

00:45:37.917 --> 00:45:40.917
You have to organize it really well.

00:45:41.042 --> 00:45:43.583
You get paid more for nights.

00:45:45.542 --> 00:45:47.375
They cough up more cash,

00:45:47.583 --> 00:45:49.917
so it can't be good.

00:45:50.042 --> 00:45:52.333
If you get paid more
it's for some reason.

00:45:52.625 --> 00:45:55.833
They take advantage, I mean,

00:45:56.875 --> 00:46:00.000
I know that in the valley
of Escombreras

00:46:00.167 --> 00:46:02.250
the companies there are
going to keep polluting,

00:46:02.417 --> 00:46:05.167
so I'd rather benefit from it.

00:46:05.333 --> 00:46:07.792
I want to build a football field?

00:46:07.958 --> 00:46:09.792
I go and ask them for money.

00:46:09.958 --> 00:46:13.958
I want to fix a medical clinic?
I ask them for money.

00:46:14.250 --> 00:46:17.375
So you might say I take advantage
of this situation.

00:46:17.583 --> 00:46:20.792
So I'm not going on strike
or demonstrating,

00:46:20.958 --> 00:46:24.042
telling the companies to go,
because in the end...

00:46:24.208 --> 00:46:26.125
I benefit from them.

00:46:26.292 --> 00:46:30.167
Then there's the other group,
which would rather,

00:46:30.333 --> 00:46:33.208
maybe, not have this money,

00:46:33.375 --> 00:46:35.792
but to have better air quality.

00:46:35.958 --> 00:46:39.708
When there's a "bout"
of pollution,

00:46:39.875 --> 00:46:42.625
to not have to say:

00:46:42.792 --> 00:46:45.167
"I have to stay at home
and shut the windows",

00:46:45.333 --> 00:46:48.292
or "My kids are at school
and they're shut inside."

00:46:48.458 --> 00:46:50.833
-Does that happen?
-Yes, sure it happens.

00:46:51.167 --> 00:46:54.042
There was a small fire.

00:46:54.208 --> 00:46:58.208
No warning, the alarms didn't go off,
and people were worried:

00:46:58.375 --> 00:47:01.583
"I'm going to get my kids
from school", when really

00:47:01.750 --> 00:47:05.250
the safety protocol says that
the child must stay in the school

00:47:05.417 --> 00:47:07.750
because they're safer there.
If you take them out on the street,

00:47:07.917 --> 00:47:10.292
they're exposed to the pollution.

00:47:10.458 --> 00:47:12.833
People were taking their kids out

00:47:12.999 --> 00:47:15.917
and the principal told them
they couldn't go out.

00:47:16.042 --> 00:47:18.583
They shut the windows,

00:47:18.750 --> 00:47:21.708
and word went out on the streets.

00:47:21.875 --> 00:47:24.667
But in the town,
no one came...

00:47:26.083 --> 00:47:30.000
from the refinery from
Escombreras, to say...

00:47:30.167 --> 00:47:33.000
that they'd exceeded the levels
of contamination

00:47:33.167 --> 00:47:34.958
and you couldn't go outside,

00:47:35.458 --> 00:47:39.250
because when there's a lot,
you can do this,

00:47:39.417 --> 00:47:40.917
brush it off like it was ash.

00:47:41.042 --> 00:47:43.542
I integrated very well with them,

00:47:43.708 --> 00:47:46.708
with no problems, to the point
where if the group was short,

00:47:46.875 --> 00:47:49.417
they'd tell the foreman:
"Get Mari Carmen."

00:47:49.625 --> 00:47:52.000
They'd say: "Get Mari Carmen."
I was accepted.

00:47:52.167 --> 00:47:55.417
-Always in lamination?
-Always.

00:47:55.625 --> 00:47:58.999
My time in the factory
was in lamination with them.

00:47:59.125 --> 00:48:00.917
Since there were morning
and afternoon shifts,

00:48:01.042 --> 00:48:04.417
I had time to meet and spend
time with everyone, you know?

00:48:04.625 --> 00:48:08.417
I couldn't say goodbye
to some of them.

00:48:08.625 --> 00:48:10.708
It's strange, because...

00:48:10.875 --> 00:48:14.042
if the factory's here,
the main offices are here,

00:48:14.208 --> 00:48:15.750
so we were just metres away.

00:48:15.917 --> 00:48:18.542
But you know it's a change,

00:48:18.708 --> 00:48:21.917
you don't spend those 8 hours
with this guy,

00:48:22.042 --> 00:48:26.042
more time than
you spend at home, you know?

00:48:26.208 --> 00:48:28.750
And in cramped spaces.

00:48:28.917 --> 00:48:30.750
You end up telling personal things,

00:48:30.917 --> 00:48:34.208
and they end up being my friends,
because they were.

00:48:34.375 --> 00:48:36.958
I couldn't say goodbye
to a lot of them.

00:48:37.083 --> 00:48:38.833
I never said goodbye.

00:48:38.999 --> 00:48:41.000
I still see them, obviously.

00:48:41.167 --> 00:48:43.250
But I felt really bad.

00:48:43.417 --> 00:48:45.333
And I'll tell you,

00:48:45.542 --> 00:48:48.292
my adaptation to the office
was hard too.

00:48:48.458 --> 00:48:51.417
I felt bad.
I remember the first month

00:48:51.625 --> 00:48:54.458
I came out with terrible headaches.

00:48:54.667 --> 00:48:57.250
I'd say: "These headaches?
I've never had headaches.

00:48:57.417 --> 00:48:58.917
Why do I have such a headache?"

00:48:59.042 --> 00:49:02.625
The head of medical services
at the time was Carmen Parrilla.

00:49:03.375 --> 00:49:07.042
I went to see her and said:
"Carmen, it's awful, I can't take it."

00:49:07.208 --> 00:49:09.458
She said: "You went from the factory

00:49:10.583 --> 00:49:13.542
to the offices."
The "gilded cage", they called it.

00:49:13.708 --> 00:49:17.083
I didn't understand until later.
The "gilded cage", sure.

00:49:17.250 --> 00:49:20.292
In the factory, like it or not,
you have times outside,

00:49:20.458 --> 00:49:24.208
in the fresh air, leave early
to have a shower...

00:49:24.999 --> 00:49:28.042
But in the office
if your hours are up to 2:30,

00:49:28.208 --> 00:49:31.042
you stay there until 2:30.

00:49:32.375 --> 00:49:35.375
I found it hard to adapt.

00:49:35.583 --> 00:49:38.958
Then, the atmosphere's different.

00:49:39.083 --> 00:49:43.000
Totally different. The atmosphere
in the factory is...

00:49:43.167 --> 00:49:46.292
You have loads more fun. Loads.

00:49:46.458 --> 00:49:48.458
Why?

00:49:49.708 --> 00:49:53.375
I think the office is more...

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:56.250
How can I say this?

00:49:57.000 --> 00:50:00.792
I don't want to say classist,
though it is.

00:50:00.958 --> 00:50:04.042
A lot of people

00:50:04.208 --> 00:50:06.625
go straight there without
passing through the factory,

00:50:06.792 --> 00:50:10.458
and I think people should pass
through the factory and find out.

00:50:10.667 --> 00:50:14.667
Whoever makes the blueprint has to
know what it takes to build it,

00:50:14.999 --> 00:50:17.625
to level the floor,

00:50:18.542 --> 00:50:22.333
and get the heating in.
Do you know what I mean?

00:50:22.542 --> 00:50:24.208
And the atmosphere.

00:50:24.375 --> 00:50:27.542
The atmosphere's much...

00:50:27.708 --> 00:50:30.625
friendlier in factories.

00:50:30.792 --> 00:50:34.750
In offices it's always like a race,
a race to get...

00:50:35.958 --> 00:50:39.792
the boss to look at you,
it's about promotions...

00:50:39.958 --> 00:50:41.250
It's different.

00:50:41.708 --> 00:50:45.375
It's noticeably different.
For the worse, eh?

00:50:45.583 --> 00:50:49.042
-Like there was no camaraderie?
-Not as much.

00:50:49.208 --> 00:50:50.958
Not as much, none.

00:50:51.083 --> 00:50:54.667
My father didn't work 8 hours,
he worked 10 or 12 hours a day.

00:50:54.833 --> 00:50:58.000
And it was hard work.
Shipbuilding...

00:50:58.167 --> 00:50:59.375
is hard work.

00:50:59.583 --> 00:51:02.708
Not bad in wages and conditions,
but it's hard.

00:51:02.875 --> 00:51:05.792
Working on and in a ship,
welding a ship,

00:51:05.958 --> 00:51:08.208
it's no easy job. It's hard work.

00:51:10.125 --> 00:51:13.999
There are occupational hazards.

00:51:14.125 --> 00:51:16.917
I started work at 14,
at the apprentice school,

00:51:17.042 --> 00:51:20.208
and my first accident was at 14.
I always tell people that.

00:51:20.375 --> 00:51:24.208
When someone bugs me
I say: "Hold on,

00:51:24.375 --> 00:51:27.708
when did you start working?
I did at 14.

00:51:27.875 --> 00:51:30.000
And your first work accident?

00:51:30.167 --> 00:51:33.208
Mine was at 14.
Hard to believe, right?

00:51:34.375 --> 00:51:37.375
I was first injured
before I was15.

00:51:37.583 --> 00:51:40.625
I had a serious work accident.

00:51:42.417 --> 00:51:44.792
I began work at 14.

00:51:44.958 --> 00:51:48.875
You pass your entrance exam
to the apprentice school,

00:51:49.000 --> 00:51:53.000
and do 4 hours of class
and 3 hours in the workshop.

00:51:53.250 --> 00:51:56.958
At 14 you do 3 hours,
in your overalls, at your machine,

00:51:57.083 --> 00:51:59.625
doing the same as a worker
40 or 50 years old.

00:51:59.792 --> 00:52:02.083
He'd do a large piece and you did
a small one, but it was the same.

00:52:02.250 --> 00:52:06.000
He had a huge machine and I had a small one.

00:52:06.167 --> 00:52:09.583
At the school conditions were worse,
there was no OHS.

00:52:09.750 --> 00:52:13.750
The beautiful term "occupational
health and safety" is modern.

00:52:14.208 --> 00:52:17.292
At the school there were no hoists,

00:52:17.458 --> 00:52:20.125
no gloves, no safety boots

00:52:20.292 --> 00:52:22.417
and no trolleys to move the pieces.

00:52:22.625 --> 00:52:25.000
So a guy in 3rd year...

00:52:25.167 --> 00:52:28.375
was like a god, and you,
in first, were a nobody.

00:52:28.583 --> 00:52:31.667
The 3rd-year guy would say:
"Kid, bring me some iron."

00:52:31.833 --> 00:52:34.708
"But what iron?"
"Just go get it from stores."

00:52:34.875 --> 00:52:37.792
To make a piece like this ashtray,

00:52:38.999 --> 00:52:42.708
a bar 2 metres long and 70 cm
in diameter had to be shifted,

00:52:42.875 --> 00:52:46.292
weighing 200 kilos,
by three 14-year-old boys,

00:52:46.458 --> 00:52:49.000
No hoist, no gloves,

00:52:49.167 --> 00:52:51.583
no boots or trolley.

00:52:51.750 --> 00:52:54.042
The three of us moving that iron,
we couldn't do it.

00:52:54.208 --> 00:52:58.208
In was in the middle and the boys
on either end couldn't carry it.

00:52:58.708 --> 00:53:01.875
200 kilos of iron fell on my toes.

00:53:02.000 --> 00:53:05.000
I still feel the aftereffects.
My nails were ripped out.

00:53:06.292 --> 00:53:08.875
I bled and screamed
like you wouldn't believe

00:53:09.000 --> 00:53:10.958
and said "What is this?

00:53:11.083 --> 00:53:14.583
Why have I had an accident?
I'm only 14!"

00:53:14.750 --> 00:53:18.042
The ambulance came,
the medic saw my feet and said:

00:53:18.208 --> 00:53:21.125
"To Emergencies.
Siren on." And I went.

00:53:21.292 --> 00:53:24.667
At Emergencies they were shocked
to have to deal with a 14-year-old

00:53:24.833 --> 00:53:27.250
with a work accident.
But that was our life.

00:53:28.792 --> 00:53:31.458
You learned a trade,
and at 14 that also meant

00:53:31.667 --> 00:53:33.208
working in the trade.

00:53:33.375 --> 00:53:35.417
And if the conditions were bad,
so be it.

00:53:35.625 --> 00:53:39.375
You can't complain much,
it's a living for life

00:53:39.583 --> 00:53:43.583
I earned a living and I'm not
playing the martyr here.

00:53:43.999 --> 00:53:46.625
You have to accept the risk
that at 14

00:53:46.792 --> 00:53:48.333
you're living a man's life.

00:53:48.542 --> 00:53:51.417
At 14, I'm embarrassed to say this,
but I was pre-pubescent,

00:53:51.625 --> 00:53:56.667
I had no hair on my balls,
and I already had a man's job.

00:53:56.833 --> 00:54:00.625
I had no hair on my balls,
but I already had a man's job.

00:54:02.292 --> 00:54:05.750
You know work before sex,
before money,

00:54:05.917 --> 00:54:09.167
you know work before love,
before anything.

00:54:09.333 --> 00:54:11.208
That was a worker's life in the 80s.

00:54:11.375 --> 00:54:14.625
We're the last generation
of child labourers in this country.

00:54:14.792 --> 00:54:16.875
You know work
before everything else.

00:54:17.000 --> 00:54:20.042
Now you know everything before work.
Life has changed, eh?

00:54:20.208 --> 00:54:24.167
You know everything before work
and before it was the opposite.

00:54:25.208 --> 00:54:27.750
It was hard.
For a teenager it was hard.

00:54:27.917 --> 00:54:30.999
Also that year,
this is very personal, but...

00:54:31.125 --> 00:54:33.958
When I turned 14,
my father got sick,

00:54:34.083 --> 00:54:36.333
and I realized he was going to die.

00:54:37.375 --> 00:54:39.208
I realized for sure

00:54:39.375 --> 00:54:41.792
that his conditions
were going to kill him.

00:54:42.875 --> 00:54:45.917
My father went deaf,
also because of work.

00:54:46.042 --> 00:54:48.542
Due to his sicknesses,
plus the lack of safety or hygiene.

00:54:48.708 --> 00:54:51.125
"Where do we put the deafest?"
Where it was noisiest, the compressors.

00:54:51.292 --> 00:54:54.792
The poor man spent 40 years there
with hearing trouble

00:54:54.958 --> 00:54:57.875
and ear operations...
In the end he went deaf

00:54:58.000 --> 00:55:00.750
and, unfortunately,
he became an alcoholic.

00:55:00.917 --> 00:55:03.125
My father was an upright man,

00:55:03.292 --> 00:55:06.458
I have a good memory of him,
an upright man, churchgoing,

00:55:06.667 --> 00:55:10.667
a man of traditional customs.

00:55:11.125 --> 00:55:14.667
And he went off the rails badly.

00:55:14.833 --> 00:55:17.792
There were no psychologists then,
no treatment, nothing,

00:55:17.958 --> 00:55:20.542
he really went off the rails...

00:55:20.708 --> 00:55:23.625
sadness, depression, deafness,
sadness, depression, alcohol.

00:55:23.792 --> 00:55:27.583
Cigarettes, alcohol, cigarettes,
alcohol, cigarettes, alcohol...

00:55:29.042 --> 00:55:31.792
And I understood that
my father was going to die.

00:55:31.958 --> 00:55:34.792
My father smoked three packs
of cigarettes a day,

00:55:34.958 --> 00:55:38.958
he drank three bottles of wine
every day and he didn't eat...

00:55:39.083 --> 00:55:41.125
At 14 you discover
your father's going to die

00:55:41.292 --> 00:55:44.208
because it'll hit his stomach,
his heart, his kidneys,

00:55:44.375 --> 00:55:47.375
or his liver, but it will.
He couldn't survive like this.

00:55:47.583 --> 00:55:49.750
Those were three horrible years,

00:55:49.917 --> 00:55:52.458
from when he got sick
until I was 17.

00:55:52.667 --> 00:55:54.667
When I was 17, my father died.

00:55:54.833 --> 00:55:57.458
So I knew I'd have to work
in the company my whole life,

00:55:57.667 --> 00:56:01.167
because my mother's widowed
with a pension of 300 euros.

00:56:01.333 --> 00:56:03.042
Today it'd be 300 euros.

00:56:03.208 --> 00:56:06.583
My mother's not paying
for my degree...

00:56:06.750 --> 00:56:08.708
I have to fend for myself.

00:56:08.875 --> 00:56:11.417
I have no father for support,
he's dead,

00:56:11.625 --> 00:56:13.000
and my mother can't do it.

00:56:13.167 --> 00:56:16.458
My father's family

00:56:16.667 --> 00:56:19.042
was what they called "leftist".

00:56:19.208 --> 00:56:22.375
I don't know if they all were,
but my father was.

00:56:22.583 --> 00:56:24.792
If your father was a leftist,
you were too,

00:56:24.958 --> 00:56:27.625
if your father was a Falangist,
you were too.

00:56:27.792 --> 00:56:30.458
My dad's family was leftist.

00:56:30.667 --> 00:56:34.667
They came looking for my uncle,

00:56:34.833 --> 00:56:36.750
who's older than my father,

00:56:36.917 --> 00:56:39.708
and since he'd fled to Madrid,
they took my father.

00:56:39.875 --> 00:56:43.458
At 17 they took him to Madrid.
To Guadarrama, I think.

00:56:44.542 --> 00:56:47.083
And there he did military service.

00:56:47.250 --> 00:56:49.875
It was two or three years
of military service.

00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:51.917
The war began and he went.

00:56:52.958 --> 00:56:54.542
When the war was over,

00:56:54.708 --> 00:56:58.333
they took him to Larache, to Africa,

00:56:58.542 --> 00:57:01.458
to what they called...
It was a concentration camp.

00:57:01.667 --> 00:57:03.667
They called them
"disciplinary battalions".

00:57:03.833 --> 00:57:07.000
They had them building roads,

00:57:08.625 --> 00:57:11.333
chipping rocks,
the classic movie thing,

00:57:12.167 --> 00:57:13.333
they were poorly fed...

00:57:13.542 --> 00:57:16.292
I remember my father telling us

00:57:16.458 --> 00:57:20.042
the water they used to
soak the chick peas...

00:57:20.208 --> 00:57:22.958
was their food.

00:57:23.083 --> 00:57:25.917
And for them that was...
a "Sunday treat."

00:57:26.958 --> 00:57:29.625
Poorly fed, malnourished,
poorly dressed,

00:57:29.792 --> 00:57:31.417
a lot of hardships...

00:57:31.625 --> 00:57:33.999
I think that really affects a person,

00:57:35.000 --> 00:57:37.667
because my father was never

00:57:37.833 --> 00:57:40.999
a spendthrift, he was always
watching his pennies.

00:57:41.125 --> 00:57:43.999
He had five children too.
That's a factor.

00:57:44.125 --> 00:57:46.958
"The hunger years", he'd say.
When we refused to eat something:

00:57:47.083 --> 00:57:49.542
"If only you'd been
in the hunger years..."

00:57:49.708 --> 00:57:52.042
With one tin or sardines
the whole family had to eat.

00:57:52.208 --> 00:57:55.000
My mother bought milk...
They'd put water in it.

00:57:55.167 --> 00:57:57.167
She'd add more water to it.

00:57:58.083 --> 00:58:00.999
He came home after 6 years.

00:58:02.625 --> 00:58:06.167
And he went back to farming.

00:58:06.333 --> 00:58:09.167
That's what his family
did then, farming.

00:58:09.333 --> 00:58:10.542
He had some olive trees,

00:58:12.042 --> 00:58:13.292
some wheat, barley...

00:58:14.083 --> 00:58:16.750
And with that... we all got by.

00:58:18.250 --> 00:58:21.083
He was very much an atheist.
Priests for my father

00:58:22.125 --> 00:58:24.083
and the Guardia Civil, no way.

00:58:25.208 --> 00:58:28.708
-So that experience...
-Yes, it affected him.

00:58:28.875 --> 00:58:30.917
It affected him a lot.

00:58:31.958 --> 00:58:33.667
I remember that...

00:58:33.833 --> 00:58:37.833
when democracy came in Spain,

00:58:38.125 --> 00:58:41.125
is one of the few times
I've seen my father cry. Cry.

00:58:42.999 --> 00:58:44.333
When Franco died,

00:58:46.708 --> 00:58:47.833
that was...

00:58:48.875 --> 00:58:50.458
It wasn't a party,

00:58:50.667 --> 00:58:54.167
but my father breathed out,
saying "Finally!"

00:58:55.250 --> 00:58:58.333
He had a bad time. Very, very bad.

00:58:58.542 --> 00:59:02.000
He didn't tell us much,
he didn't tell "war stories", but...

00:59:03.375 --> 00:59:07.208
all of them packed in there,
if a rat went by he'd catch it.

00:59:08.250 --> 00:59:10.708
Catch it and eat it. A rat!

00:59:11.917 --> 00:59:15.125
I mean, hunger... and then some.

00:59:15.292 --> 00:59:16.583
He had a tough time.

00:59:17.625 --> 00:59:19.208
But he recovered.

00:59:19.375 --> 00:59:24.375
My father died of a heart attack,

00:59:24.583 --> 00:59:27.167
but in the final years

00:59:27.333 --> 00:59:29.083
he'd really deteriorated.

00:59:29.250 --> 00:59:31.917
My father didn't drink or smoke.
He never had,

00:59:33.208 --> 00:59:35.083
but he was burnt out,

00:59:35.250 --> 00:59:39.208
really worn out,
really worn out.

00:59:39.375 --> 00:59:42.542
I spoke to a doctor,
six years before my father died,

00:59:42.708 --> 00:59:44.083
he was in a bad patch.

00:59:44.250 --> 00:59:46.708
In two months he'd had
four heart attacks and two thromboses.

00:59:48.208 --> 00:59:52.208
I said: "Damn it, he doesn't smoke
or drink. All he does is work."

00:59:52.542 --> 00:59:55.750
He said: "He went through a war,
and it leaves a mark on your heart.

00:59:56.917 --> 01:00:00.292
It's not just that his heart
that is taking a beating,

01:00:01.417 --> 01:00:03.333
it's emotional as well."

01:00:03.542 --> 01:00:06.875
And the mark it left on him

01:00:07.000 --> 01:00:09.125
dragged him down all the time,

01:00:10.375 --> 01:00:11.875
and his heart killed him.

01:00:12.333 --> 01:00:14.875
Life in Bazán was...

01:00:16.042 --> 01:00:18.292
His end there was hard because...

01:00:19.333 --> 01:00:22.167
when there was this "reconversion"
of the company,

01:00:24.292 --> 01:00:26.958
some left, others stayed,

01:00:27.083 --> 01:00:29.458
and he was one of those that left.

01:00:29.667 --> 01:00:32.875
They gave him compensation,

01:00:34.083 --> 01:00:37.625
and he and some co-workers

01:00:37.792 --> 01:00:39.583
decided to start a business.

01:00:40.792 --> 01:00:42.875
In the end,

01:00:43.000 --> 01:00:46.125
the crisis hit them hard.

01:00:46.292 --> 01:00:48.999
They ended up closing the company

01:00:50.667 --> 01:00:53.417
and he and his co-workers

01:00:53.625 --> 01:00:55.167
lost everything

01:00:55.333 --> 01:00:58.208
because you don't expect it

01:00:58.375 --> 01:01:01.167
to go that way, the company,

01:01:01.333 --> 01:01:05.292
the financial situation,
the social situation...

01:01:05.458 --> 01:01:07.250
What sort of company was it?

01:01:07.417 --> 01:01:10.583
I think it was something similar,

01:01:10.750 --> 01:01:12.375
but I don't remember exactly.

01:01:12.583 --> 01:01:15.083
They set it up around Pacheco.

01:01:15.250 --> 01:01:18.000
But was it machinery?
Or hardware?

01:01:18.167 --> 01:01:19.417
Something like that.

01:01:19.625 --> 01:01:22.375
And they had to go into debt

01:01:22.583 --> 01:01:24.750
-with their own houses to...
-Sure,

01:01:24.917 --> 01:01:28.250
he put his house up as collateral.

01:01:28.417 --> 01:01:32.042
Then, when the crisis came,

01:01:32.208 --> 01:01:33.792
he lost everything.

01:01:33.958 --> 01:01:36.708
He lost his company, his house,

01:01:38.583 --> 01:01:42.333
and he and his family,
with three kids,

01:01:42.542 --> 01:01:46.250
had to move back into
his father-in-law's house,

01:01:47.292 --> 01:01:49.750
my mother's father.

01:01:49.917 --> 01:01:51.458
And...

01:01:51.667 --> 01:01:54.458
it's not the same living with
your family in your house

01:01:54.667 --> 01:01:56.083
and then going back,

01:01:56.250 --> 01:01:59.750
in this case, my mother
to her parents' house,

01:01:59.917 --> 01:02:02.833
to start again, to get through it,

01:02:02.999 --> 01:02:05.999
when you've lost everything,
you have nothing left,

01:02:07.167 --> 01:02:08.292
because of a crisis.

01:02:10.667 --> 01:02:12.417
Do you have clear memories
of this period?

01:02:13.458 --> 01:02:17.375
I was very young. In fact,...

01:02:17.583 --> 01:02:20.208
at a demonstration

01:02:20.375 --> 01:02:22.875
over the diversion of the track,
for the rights of Alumbres,

01:02:23.000 --> 01:02:24.625
-my father died.
-What's that?

01:02:24.792 --> 01:02:26.833
Yes, it got him there.

01:02:26.999 --> 01:02:29.667
He was going to a demonstration,

01:02:29.833 --> 01:02:33.333
I can't recall if it was about
the diversion of the track,

01:02:33.542 --> 01:02:36.167
but it affected Alumbres and...

01:02:36.333 --> 01:02:39.292
he had a heart attack.
It was very sudden.

01:02:39.458 --> 01:02:41.917
He died there.
I was only 8 years old,

01:02:42.042 --> 01:02:45.208
so I don't remember much...

01:02:46.292 --> 01:02:48.250
of that period.

01:02:48.417 --> 01:02:51.417
But when it happened,

01:02:51.625 --> 01:02:53.625
the eviction and losing everything,

01:02:53.792 --> 01:02:56.333
I would've been

01:02:56.542 --> 01:02:58.958
4, 5 or 6 years old.

01:02:59.083 --> 01:03:02.000
I was very little,
I don't remember clearly

01:03:02.167 --> 01:03:04.167
certain things that happened,

01:03:04.333 --> 01:03:06.917
but sure, in the end,

01:03:07.042 --> 01:03:10.458
although I don't remember it,
I experienced it.

01:03:10.667 --> 01:03:13.375
In fact, I'm still in the house

01:03:13.583 --> 01:03:17.583
that my parents went to,
my grandparents' place.

01:03:19.583 --> 01:03:21.625
I still suffer the consequences.

01:03:31.292 --> 01:03:35.292
Now you can hand in your film
when you enter Continente,

01:03:35.667 --> 01:03:39.125
do your shopping and pick up
your photos on the way out.

01:03:39.292 --> 01:03:41.167
All in one trip.

01:03:41.333 --> 01:03:44.833
Fotorapid. On the ground floor
of Continente.

01:03:44.999 --> 01:03:46.375
RAPID DEVELOPING IN 40 MINUTES

01:03:47.708 --> 01:03:50.708
Something big is happening
in Europe today:

01:03:50.875 --> 01:03:54.000
the largest European project
on beach recovery,

01:03:59.417 --> 01:04:03.417
the largest European project
on sporting facilities.

01:04:06.542 --> 01:04:08.708
OVER 75 NEW SPORTING FACILITIES

01:04:14.542 --> 01:04:18.375
The largest European project
on town planning and services.

01:04:29.125 --> 01:04:32.292
The largest European project
on communication routes.

01:04:39.417 --> 01:04:42.917
The largest European project
on quality of life.

01:04:43.042 --> 01:04:46.042
Here, in this country,
it's becoming a reality.

01:04:46.208 --> 01:04:49.333
The largest economic and social
European project of the time

01:04:49.542 --> 01:04:53.042
for the benefit of everyone:
Barcelona '92.

01:04:53.208 --> 01:04:56.667
The largest European project today
is for you.

01:04:56.833 --> 01:05:00.292
-It's big, I'm telling you.
-Do you like squid too?

01:05:01.375 --> 01:05:03.292
He does. Belén too.

01:05:04.875 --> 01:05:05.875
Alright, fish.

01:05:06.000 --> 01:05:07.250
TV NEWS

01:05:07.417 --> 01:05:10.750
It's different to meat.

01:05:10.917 --> 01:05:11.958
FEBRUARY 2, '92

01:05:12.083 --> 01:05:15.708
Boris Yeltsin returns to Russia
after reaching a compromise with Bush

01:05:15.875 --> 01:05:18.000
to reduce the nuclear arsenals.

01:05:18.167 --> 01:05:21.917
The Salvadoran army and the guerrillas
withdraw to agreed-on zones

01:05:22.042 --> 01:05:23.750
in the plan signed at the UN.

01:05:23.917 --> 01:05:26.167
The Catalan bishops
begin a conference

01:05:26.333 --> 01:05:29.167
to study the calling of
a Council in the region.

01:05:29.333 --> 01:05:31.875
Spain was eliminated today
from the Davis Cup

01:05:32.000 --> 01:05:36.208
when Emilio Sánchez-Vicario
lost to Italian Omar Camporese.

01:05:37.167 --> 01:05:38.208
News on TVE-1...

01:05:38.375 --> 01:05:41.167
Is your head so heavy
you have to hold it up?

01:05:41.333 --> 01:05:43.625
-Sure.
-Good God... Listen.

01:05:43.792 --> 01:05:44.833
-Wait.
-Careful.

01:05:44.999 --> 01:05:47.875
Cut it up.

01:05:48.000 --> 01:05:51.833
Sure. You didn't tell me.
I cut the other one up.

01:05:51.999 --> 01:05:55.125
-Do you want some lean meat?
-Cut off that piece.

01:05:58.750 --> 01:05:59.917
-This piece?
-Yes.

01:06:00.042 --> 01:06:04.000
Give that lean meat to Salva,
he'll like it.

01:06:05.833 --> 01:06:08.417
See? This lean piece.

01:06:08.625 --> 01:06:10.708
You like it, eh?

01:06:10.875 --> 01:06:13.542
No? Like this? Or more?

01:06:13.708 --> 01:06:16.583
Careful with the bone.

01:06:16.750 --> 01:06:18.792
Look. Look.

01:06:19.833 --> 01:06:23.167
Pass me Salva's plate,
I'll put this lean piece on it.

01:06:23.333 --> 01:06:26.250
No, no.

01:06:26.417 --> 01:06:28.875
-When he's finished this.
-Why?

01:06:29.000 --> 01:06:32.042
If he sees too much, he'll worry.

01:06:32.208 --> 01:06:34.333
-He doesn't have much.
-He's like Grandpa.

01:06:34.542 --> 01:06:35.958
He's like me.

01:06:37.750 --> 01:06:40.708
Aren't you like Grandpa?
Eh, Salva?

01:06:40.875 --> 01:06:41.958
Sure.

01:06:43.167 --> 01:06:45.250
-That's why he has the same name.
-Sure.

01:06:45.417 --> 01:06:48.750
-Grandpa doesn't like paella much.
-He's eating it.

01:06:48.917 --> 01:06:50.750
...at yesterday's meeting

01:06:50.917 --> 01:06:52.999
supported by all the parties
and the leading unions

01:06:53.125 --> 01:06:54.542
of the Basque Country and Navarra.

01:06:54.708 --> 01:06:58.333
It's an act against those supporting
the right to the self-determination

01:06:58.542 --> 01:06:59.792
of the Basque people.

01:07:01.333 --> 01:07:02.708
Then you...?

01:07:04.208 --> 01:07:05.999
Did you tell her your marks?

01:07:06.125 --> 01:07:09.250
The EEC ratified in Maastricht
the treaty on the future Europe.

01:07:09.417 --> 01:07:11.208
-9.5.
-The Dutch city...

01:07:11.375 --> 01:07:13.708
will be the scene of
the signing of this treaty...

01:07:13.875 --> 01:07:16.625
What's that? 9.5?

01:07:18.375 --> 01:07:20.750
My school's going on
a trip to England,

01:07:20.917 --> 01:07:22.917
but I don't want to go,
it's really far away.

01:07:23.042 --> 01:07:25.042
You don't want to go?
You told me you did.

01:07:25.208 --> 01:07:27.833
Well, I'll try. I don't know.

01:07:27.999 --> 01:07:30.625
Encarni is going, Carmen is going,
your teacher's going.

01:07:30.792 --> 01:07:33.292
-Where?
-To England.

01:07:34.999 --> 01:07:38.583
England. The school's going.

01:07:38.750 --> 01:07:41.292
-My godmother doesn't want me to go.
-When is it?

01:07:41.458 --> 01:07:44.375
We don't know yet,
the meeting's on the 21st.

01:07:44.583 --> 01:07:47.292
You could go,
some mothers can go.

01:07:47.458 --> 01:07:50.292
Only teachers are going.

01:07:50.458 --> 01:07:52.208
If Mum wants to go,
she pays separately.

01:07:52.375 --> 01:07:55.542
...irreversible signature:
entrance to the future EU...

01:07:55.708 --> 01:07:57.542
How long?

01:07:57.708 --> 01:08:00.417
-I don't know, at the meeting...
-And the 22nd is

01:08:00.625 --> 01:08:03.000
to discuss the school graduation trip.

01:08:03.167 --> 01:08:06.125
The 21st is the meeting for England.
And the 22nd...?

01:08:06.292 --> 01:08:09.583
For the school study trip.

01:08:09.750 --> 01:08:11.792
How was Geography on Friday

01:08:11.958 --> 01:08:14.875
-on the map of Spain?
-The exam.

01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:17.542
-Oh, true.
-And the map of Europe.

01:08:18.625 --> 01:08:22.417
I only didn't know one thing
and on Monday they're letting us...

01:08:22.625 --> 01:08:26.042
Almost nobody finished, so they're
giving us 15 minutes the next day.

01:08:26.208 --> 01:08:28.917
-Was it on Spain or Europe?
-What you didn't know.

01:08:31.667 --> 01:08:33.167
What didn't you know?

01:08:33.333 --> 01:08:37.000
-Where the Balkans were.
-Well, that's...

01:08:37.167 --> 01:08:40.542
-Right, but I didn't know it.
-We mentioned that,

01:08:40.708 --> 01:08:44.000
-loads of times.
-But there were so many things.

01:08:44.167 --> 01:08:48.167
-We had Language that day too.
-Grandpa knows almost all the capitals.

01:08:48.999 --> 01:08:52.167
Sure. I don't, but Grandpa does.

01:08:52.333 --> 01:08:54.583
We've been doing the capitals,

01:08:54.750 --> 01:08:57.625
-the ranges, the mountains...
-The depressions.

01:08:57.792 --> 01:08:59.458
The seas of Europe.

01:08:59.667 --> 01:09:01.875
The depression of the Guadalquivir
and the Ebro.

01:09:02.000 --> 01:09:04.833
...the presidents of the two
historic rival powers...

01:09:06.792 --> 01:09:09.000
-You're not eating salad?
-Yes, I will now.

01:09:10.083 --> 01:09:13.958
-I'll take this off, it's fat.
-The exam was Social Studies.

01:09:15.458 --> 01:09:19.042
-It was the same day as Language.
-Careful, don't get dirty.

01:09:19.208 --> 01:09:22.458
-That's it, Language.
-No need to study for Maths.

01:09:22.667 --> 01:09:24.667
-How was Language?
-Good.

01:09:24.833 --> 01:09:26.292
-Leave it here.
-Okay.

01:09:26.458 --> 01:09:31.708
-If the teacher wasn't so lazy...
-Do you want a little?

01:09:31.875 --> 01:09:34.125
-No, this is plenty.
-...to end the remnants

01:09:34.292 --> 01:09:37.250
of the Cold War and reduce
strategic weapons,

01:09:37.417 --> 01:09:40.375
as well as collaborating
to consolidate relations

01:09:40.583 --> 01:09:42.542
founded on friendship and cooperation.

01:09:43.875 --> 01:09:46.583
Meanwhile,
the main Russians in opposition

01:09:46.750 --> 01:09:49.458
criticized Yeltsin today at
the World Economic Forum in Davos.

01:09:49.667 --> 01:09:51.792
You're eating everything, eh?

01:09:54.458 --> 01:09:57.958
-I don't like rice? There you go.
-A whole plate.

01:09:58.083 --> 01:10:00.208
-It turned out great today.
-Oh, yes?

01:10:01.250 --> 01:10:03.458
-I was very inspired.
-Sure.

01:10:03.667 --> 01:10:06.292
-When you do it fast, it's good.
-Sure.

01:10:06.458 --> 01:10:07.458
Sure.

01:10:07.667 --> 01:10:09.875
Do you want a drink?
A beer or something?

01:10:10.000 --> 01:10:13.583
-Yes, a beer, Raúl.
-Do you want a Fanta Orange?

01:10:14.625 --> 01:10:17.292
-Okay.
-A Fanta Orange, Raúl.

01:10:17.458 --> 01:10:18.708
-Thank you.
-Please.

01:10:20.667 --> 01:10:22.042
-For the boy no.
-No.

01:10:22.208 --> 01:10:24.042
For Belén.

01:10:24.208 --> 01:10:27.958
...due to instability of
the old Soviet Union.

01:10:28.750 --> 01:10:30.958
Germany' Finance Minister
announced an urgent trip...

01:10:33.458 --> 01:10:36.458
AND THE WORLD EATS YOU UP

01:11:11.000 --> 01:11:13.333
-Was it the three of golds?
-Someone start bluffing.

01:11:16.208 --> 01:11:18.958
Who has the three of golds?

01:11:19.083 --> 01:11:20.750
That's typical.

01:11:20.917 --> 01:11:22.917
-Do you have the three of golds?
-No.

01:11:25.375 --> 01:11:27.625
-Who has the three of golds?
-I do.

01:11:27.792 --> 01:11:28.750
-Ole!
-Thanks!

01:11:28.917 --> 01:11:31.833
Fuck, I was about to tell you.

01:11:32.292 --> 01:11:34.875
I'll start on water...
What a lie.

01:11:35.999 --> 01:11:37.208
-Cheers.
-Ole!

01:11:39.708 --> 01:11:42.792
I always say
"I'll wait a bit before drinking"

01:11:42.958 --> 01:11:46.708
-and it's a lie.
-Don't make excuses. 'Fess up.

01:11:46.999 --> 01:11:49.958
-So you start Monday, right?
-On Monday, yes.

01:11:52.458 --> 01:11:54.167
You don't know for how long?

01:11:57.625 --> 01:12:00.625
They're making submarines,
I hope to stay...

01:12:00.792 --> 01:12:03.208
He said there was work
for 3 or 4 years.

01:12:03.375 --> 01:12:06.000
-Whatever he says...
-Believe half of it.

01:12:06.167 --> 01:12:07.167
Sure.

01:12:08.208 --> 01:12:11.125
-You saw it, you came with me.
-Right.

01:12:11.292 --> 01:12:13.667
He said there was work
for 3 or 4 years.

01:12:14.708 --> 01:12:16.417
That's what I thought too.

01:12:18.917 --> 01:12:20.958
There's no work for 3
or 4 years there?

01:12:21.083 --> 01:12:23.792
I don't know, you tell me.
I'm not in that section.

01:12:26.208 --> 01:12:28.667
-We hope so.
-Yes, I think so.

01:12:28.833 --> 01:12:31.875
As well as the way he spoke,
he seems like a solid guy.

01:12:32.000 --> 01:12:35.250
Yes, but they're all "hot air",
because then they say:

01:12:35.417 --> 01:12:38.000
"Yes, I'll hire you, I will."

01:12:38.999 --> 01:12:42.625
It'll be for 3 or 4 years
at least, I swear.

01:12:42.792 --> 01:12:45.292
Drop everything,

01:12:45.458 --> 01:12:49.000
-you've got 3 or 4 years' work."
-Do you think I'm like him?

01:12:50.667 --> 01:12:52.792
Well, you're a bit dumber,

01:12:54.000 --> 01:12:55.999
but maybe...

01:12:56.125 --> 01:12:58.833
You think they'll trick me?

01:12:58.999 --> 01:13:01.667
Fuck, I trick you.

01:13:01.833 --> 01:13:03.625
-You do?
-Don't shit me.

01:13:04.917 --> 01:13:07.708
He said to them:
"Mercenary! Son of a bitch!"

01:13:07.875 --> 01:13:11.125
And I said: "Shut up..."

01:13:11.292 --> 01:13:13.417
Reinaldo his name was.

01:13:13.625 --> 01:13:15.917
I said: "Shut up,
they're coming this way."

01:13:16.042 --> 01:13:18.125
We were there in that hut.

01:13:18.292 --> 01:13:21.417
We saw them attacked...

01:13:22.458 --> 01:13:24.625
three thousand of them...

01:13:24.792 --> 01:13:27.833
From the bridge at Quitapellejos

01:13:27.999 --> 01:13:30.750
to Puerta de la Cortadura,
it's called,

01:13:30.917 --> 01:13:32.708
it was all full of people.

01:13:34.875 --> 01:13:37.083
The cops beat up a friend of mine,

01:13:37.250 --> 01:13:39.250
a union man.

01:13:39.417 --> 01:13:41.958
Garay, he's from La Unión.

01:13:42.999 --> 01:13:46.833
And I went quiet

01:13:46.999 --> 01:13:50.708
because I couldn't say anything.

01:13:50.875 --> 01:13:53.833
Well, I could, but I couldn't say

01:13:53.999 --> 01:13:56.417
"son of a bitch", "fascist"
or "dickhead"

01:13:56.625 --> 01:13:57.917
because I was...

01:13:58.958 --> 01:14:02.208
Well, I liked Franco. Excuse me.

01:14:02.375 --> 01:14:05.333
I liked Franco. Excuse me.

01:14:05.542 --> 01:14:07.875
I liked Franco.

01:14:08.000 --> 01:14:11.542
-No, anyone here can...
-No, but...

01:14:11.708 --> 01:14:14.042
-don't get me wrong.
-Sure, sure.

01:14:15.333 --> 01:14:19.792
With Franco I lived
much better than now.

01:14:20.083 --> 01:14:22.583
Just look at Calle Mayor.

01:14:22.750 --> 01:14:25.917
The streets further back

01:14:26.042 --> 01:14:30.042
are completely neglected,
even just the cleaning.

01:14:30.708 --> 01:14:34.000
The street sweeping machines
do Calle Mayor and little else

01:14:34.167 --> 01:14:37.583
-and the streets in back, nothing.
-In my area it's once a week.

01:14:37.750 --> 01:14:40.292
-Once? Well...
-Thursdays.

01:14:40.458 --> 01:14:42.750
In mine not even once a week,

01:14:42.917 --> 01:14:46.125
maybe once a fortnight
the machine goes by.

01:14:46.292 --> 01:14:49.083
I have to go out and tell them
to go down my street.

01:14:49.250 --> 01:14:51.750
Even if we do say it, they don't.

01:14:51.917 --> 01:14:54.167
They don't do it.

01:14:54.333 --> 01:14:57.999
-It looks clean, yeah, sure.
-And bins? They don't exist.

01:14:58.125 --> 01:15:00.999
-Half of them are broken.
-There are a few on Calle Real

01:15:01.125 --> 01:15:02.833
and loads on Calle Mayor.

01:15:02.999 --> 01:15:05.292
Just the poles are left
in almost all cases.

01:15:05.458 --> 01:15:07.708
And a bench disappears
and they don't replace it.

01:15:07.875 --> 01:15:11.458
And the mirrors? It's not just
the Council, it's vandalism.

01:15:12.542 --> 01:15:15.750
But the Council should replace them.

01:15:15.917 --> 01:15:19.125
The concave mirrors
at the top of streets

01:15:19.292 --> 01:15:21.833
to see around corners,
to see the cars coming.

01:15:21.999 --> 01:15:24.333
In my street we come out like...

01:15:24.542 --> 01:15:28.542
The mirror there was up
for only a fortnight.

01:15:28.875 --> 01:15:30.958
20 days later they put it up again

01:15:31.083 --> 01:15:33.125
and it lasted under a fortnight.

01:15:33.292 --> 01:15:35.667
And they stopped.
Even the pole was taken.

01:15:35.833 --> 01:15:39.625
-They don't put up any now.
-In my area they took a bench.

01:15:39.792 --> 01:15:42.292
A bench? The ones that
are anchored to the ground?

01:15:42.458 --> 01:15:45.042
Two Gypsies
carrying away the bench.

01:15:45.208 --> 01:15:46.708
I don't know where they'd take it.

01:15:46.875 --> 01:15:50.417
What's the reason behind
this situation?

01:15:50.625 --> 01:15:52.833
-The Council you mean?
-Why this kind of vandalism?

01:15:52.999 --> 01:15:54.999
We were already told

01:15:55.125 --> 01:15:57.667
by a resident of La Unión
about this problem.

01:15:57.833 --> 01:16:00.083
There's a lot of vandalism. A lot.

01:16:00.250 --> 01:16:03.042
Firstly, there's no work.

01:16:03.208 --> 01:16:05.875
Some may do it because
they feel like it.

01:16:06.000 --> 01:16:09.375
Not being racist, but the Gypsies
do it because they feel like it.

01:16:09.583 --> 01:16:12.417
But there's no work,
there's really no work.

01:16:13.625 --> 01:16:16.125
They say it's the town...

01:16:16.292 --> 01:16:18.625
...with the highest unemployment
in all of Murcia.

01:16:18.792 --> 01:16:21.875
-Maybe, but...
-What work is there in La Unión?

01:16:22.000 --> 01:16:25.625
Nothing. We all work
outside La Unión.

01:16:25.792 --> 01:16:29.250
-There's no work.
-It's almost a "dormitory city"

01:16:29.417 --> 01:16:33.958
because we work outside
and only come home to sleep.

01:16:34.083 --> 01:16:37.917
People in hostelry can go to
La Manga to work in summer...

01:16:38.042 --> 01:16:41.125
But in La Manga,
the luckiest ones

01:16:41.292 --> 01:16:44.375
have six months work, no more.

01:16:44.583 --> 01:16:48.208
Then everyone's on the dole.
If they give it to you.

01:16:48.625 --> 01:16:50.875
What happens in the fields?

01:16:51.000 --> 01:16:53.708
Before, people in hostelry especially

01:16:53.875 --> 01:16:55.917
worked in winter in the fields.

01:16:56.042 --> 01:16:59.917
But now you've got foreign labour
that's cheap,

01:17:00.042 --> 01:17:02.333
then they say "Spaniards
don't want to work there."

01:17:02.542 --> 01:17:03.958
I think they do,

01:17:04.083 --> 01:17:07.999
but if a Spaniard costs
the owner 15

01:17:08.125 --> 01:17:10.917
and the foreigner 10,
he naturally chooses the foreigner.

01:17:11.042 --> 01:17:13.417
-The cheaper one, of course.
-They keep them in bunkhouses

01:17:13.625 --> 01:17:17.375
living rough,
but it pays off for them.

01:17:17.583 --> 01:17:21.333
Lots of Murcian crops,
and what do we Murcians eat?

01:17:21.542 --> 01:17:23.208
It all goes abroad.

01:17:23.375 --> 01:17:26.875
The famous tomatoes.
I still haven't eaten any.

01:17:27.000 --> 01:17:30.333
They're not in the store,
they all go abroad.

01:17:30.542 --> 01:17:32.167
-It's true.
-It's true.

01:17:32.333 --> 01:17:35.417
If you eat the ones from here,
how much do they cost?

01:17:35.625 --> 01:17:37.292
That's another thing.

01:17:37.458 --> 01:17:39.792
You eat tomatoes from Morocco

01:17:39.958 --> 01:17:41.667
at 1.20 euros,

01:17:41.833 --> 01:17:45.333
and the good tomatoes here
are 3.40 a kilo.

01:17:45.542 --> 01:17:47.167
You say: "No,

01:17:47.333 --> 01:17:49.917
I'll put the cheaper one in the salad."

01:17:50.042 --> 01:17:54.000
You have to export the others
if we don't use them here.

01:17:54.167 --> 01:17:56.417
That's how it is.

01:17:56.625 --> 01:17:59.375
We eat the ones from abroad
and ours are eaten abroad.

01:17:59.583 --> 01:18:00.999
That's the way it is.

01:18:01.125 --> 01:18:03.667
When I go from La Unión
to La Manga to work,...

01:18:03.833 --> 01:18:08.375
My God, the fields of melons.

01:18:08.583 --> 01:18:10.750
I say: "These freshly cut melons

01:18:10.917 --> 01:18:13.999
to the greengrocer's here in town."
I don't see them.

01:18:14.125 --> 01:18:16.792
-No.
-Nowhere.

01:18:16.958 --> 01:18:20.083
My grandma was given a plaque

01:18:20.250 --> 01:18:22.833
for the years my granddad
was in the mine.

01:18:22.999 --> 01:18:25.792
My granddad wasn't a unionist,
he just joined

01:18:25.958 --> 01:18:29.417
a strike where they locked
themselves in the shaft.

01:18:29.625 --> 01:18:32.958
For 8 hours in a mineshaft

01:18:33.083 --> 01:18:35.375
-he got 8 years in jail.
-Jeez.

01:18:35.583 --> 01:18:38.958
Yes, 8 years in jail.
First here in the jail of San Antón,

01:18:39.833 --> 01:18:40.875
here in Cartagena,

01:18:41.000 --> 01:18:44.792
then they took him to a jail
in Palma de Mallorca.

01:18:44.958 --> 01:18:48.958
He was condemned to death twice

01:18:49.458 --> 01:18:52.083
and returned after 8 years
a complete wreck.

01:18:52.250 --> 01:18:55.292
My mother... I was little,
I don't remember well, but...

01:18:55.458 --> 01:18:58.875
but he was a wreck after
8 years in jails.

01:18:59.000 --> 01:19:00.999
A shadow of his former self.

01:19:01.333 --> 01:19:04.083
Look at what my granddad
went through,

01:19:04.250 --> 01:19:07.250
and all the men of that period.

01:19:07.417 --> 01:19:10.458
My mother, 82 years old,
I've heard her say...

01:19:10.667 --> 01:19:13.750
"I can't believe you say that."

01:19:13.917 --> 01:19:16.042
I've heard her say:

01:19:16.208 --> 01:19:19.167
"We complained so much before...
Is it better now?"

01:19:20.458 --> 01:19:24.458
I say: "Mum, your father in jail
for 8 years with two death penalties,

01:19:24.792 --> 01:19:26.792
you were so hungry,

01:19:26.958 --> 01:19:28.875
you'd eat anything..."

01:19:29.000 --> 01:19:31.625
My mother and aunt
got fevers because

01:19:31.792 --> 01:19:35.292
they sucked on a goat's teat

01:19:35.458 --> 01:19:37.583
because there was no milk.

01:19:37.750 --> 01:19:41.375
-They got Malta fever.
-My sister got Malta fever.

01:19:41.583 --> 01:19:45.750
She and her sister almost died.
And I still hear her say,

01:19:45.917 --> 01:19:48.125
which I can hardly believe,

01:19:48.292 --> 01:19:52.042
"We complained so much then,
but listen to me,

01:19:52.208 --> 01:19:54.750
is it really better now
with all these crooks?"

01:19:54.917 --> 01:19:58.208
She still exalts

01:19:58.375 --> 01:20:01.042
that period they went through.

01:20:02.333 --> 01:20:04.542
I'm astounded.

01:20:04.708 --> 01:20:07.375
Yes, it's the same
with the Franco period.

01:20:07.583 --> 01:20:11.042
People yearn for it and you say:
"How can you yearn for Francoism?"

01:20:11.208 --> 01:20:15.625
-It's crazy.
-My mother's one of them.

01:20:15.792 --> 01:20:17.417
"They arrested your father,

01:20:17.625 --> 01:20:20.750
your mother took in washing
to get you some food."

01:20:20.917 --> 01:20:23.250
That's all they could do.

01:20:23.417 --> 01:20:25.583
My grandma said:
"They humiliated me

01:20:25.750 --> 01:20:28.375
when I went to wash the clothes
of the ladies in town."

01:20:28.583 --> 01:20:32.208
"And you're in favour of all that?
It's incredible."

01:20:32.375 --> 01:20:35.750
"We lived more at ease.
You could leave your door open,

01:20:35.917 --> 01:20:38.458
now you have to put on the latch,

01:20:38.667 --> 01:20:42.125
a padlock, a metal shutter...

01:20:42.292 --> 01:20:44.833
-In those days..."
-The doors always open.

01:20:44.999 --> 01:20:46.999
"Houses were always open."

01:20:47.125 --> 01:20:51.125
I say: "Sure, because thieves were..."

01:20:51.292 --> 01:20:53.292
"Off to jail."

01:20:53.458 --> 01:20:56.208
I say: "Now it's a revolving door,

01:20:56.375 --> 01:20:58.999
-they're not so scared of jail."
-That's true too.

01:20:59.125 --> 01:21:01.417
-That's the way it is.
-It is.

01:21:01.625 --> 01:21:04.667
They go in one door...
And if they're minors...!

01:21:05.250 --> 01:21:08.000
-They're out with an allowance.
-Exactly.

01:21:08.167 --> 01:21:09.667
Yes, I know two

01:21:09.833 --> 01:21:13.333
who spent two years in jail,

01:21:13.542 --> 01:21:15.333
-and now they're out...
-On the dole.

01:21:15.542 --> 01:21:17.375
...with 600, almost 700 euros,

01:21:17.583 --> 01:21:19.583
every month for two years.

01:21:19.750 --> 01:21:21.583
-I was amazed.
-It's true.

01:21:21.750 --> 01:21:23.250
That how it is for us.

01:21:26.958 --> 01:21:29.708
Military service?
That'd do you good...

01:21:29.875 --> 01:21:32.875
I think at 18
you leave your parents,

01:21:33.000 --> 01:21:35.958
you leave home
and wake up to yourself.

01:21:36.083 --> 01:21:39.333
Your mentality changes.
If you're a lout, 16 or 17,

01:21:39.542 --> 01:21:42.708
and at 18 they tell you
"Listen, get going",

01:21:42.875 --> 01:21:46.292
and you'll be with people who
give you hell if you misbehave.

01:21:46.458 --> 01:21:49.042
It kind of changes everything.

01:21:49.208 --> 01:21:52.458
They had it in France too.
For two months, not like before.

01:21:52.667 --> 01:21:57.167
We don't do it in Spain because
I guess there's no budget for it.

01:21:57.333 --> 01:21:59.792
I guess, or they just
don't want to do it.

01:21:59.958 --> 01:22:03.958
-I wouldn't do it.
-Yes, I think...

01:22:04.083 --> 01:22:06.958
I spoke to my father,
to my uncles.

01:22:07.083 --> 01:22:10.750
It was rough, but they say
it's the best thing they've done.

01:22:10.917 --> 01:22:13.167
And they made real friends there.

01:22:13.333 --> 01:22:16.999
It's like... it changes your mentality,

01:22:17.125 --> 01:22:19.708
you're not a spoilt brat
when you're 20.

01:22:19.875 --> 01:22:22.667
At 20 you've left home and say:

01:22:22.833 --> 01:22:25.042
-"I went away and made a living."
-So?

01:22:25.208 --> 01:22:27.542
I don't have my parents telling me

01:22:27.708 --> 01:22:30.583
what to do and what I need.

01:22:31.667 --> 01:22:33.000
I think that...

01:22:33.167 --> 01:22:35.958
Yes, I'm totally in favour
of it coming back.

01:22:36.999 --> 01:22:38.708
Yes.

01:22:38.875 --> 01:22:40.875
And I hope they get me
if it does come back.

01:22:41.000 --> 01:22:43.667
-I like the army.
-You'd do military service?

01:22:43.833 --> 01:22:47.542
-Yes, I like the army.
-You wouldn't last two days.

01:22:47.708 --> 01:22:50.833
No way. No, Miguel.

01:22:50.999 --> 01:22:51.999
Not even two days.

01:22:52.125 --> 01:22:56.125
No, I think that once you're in,
your mentality changes.

01:22:56.458 --> 01:22:58.875
A bit, but not you.
They'd throw you out.

01:23:00.417 --> 01:23:03.125
Me too, they'd throw me out
on the first day.

01:23:03.292 --> 01:23:06.708
-Thanks, Raúl.
-I can't even peel potatoes.

01:23:07.833 --> 01:23:10.833
You know there was a movement
in Spain, especially in the 90s,

01:23:12.083 --> 01:23:15.958
of people who opposed
military service?

01:23:17.917 --> 01:23:20.292
I have one leg longer
than the other, I can't go in.

01:23:20.458 --> 01:23:22.999
They ended up in jail
for refusing to do military service.

01:23:23.125 --> 01:23:26.250
They said that the army,

01:23:26.417 --> 01:23:30.125
the discipline, the authority,
went against their ideals

01:23:30.292 --> 01:23:33.999
and were jailed for up to 18 months,
as long a military service.

01:23:34.125 --> 01:23:36.417
-You're going against me.
-How about that?

01:23:37.458 --> 01:23:40.000
Instead of going to jail
for 18 months,

01:23:40.167 --> 01:23:41.583
I'd leave Spain.

01:23:41.750 --> 01:23:43.750
-To avoid military service?
-To avoid military service.

01:23:43.917 --> 01:23:46.667
It's a mentality you have to have
since you were a kid.

01:23:46.833 --> 01:23:49.708
You have to go. It's just a duty.

01:23:49.875 --> 01:23:53.167
You come of age and at 18,

01:23:53.333 --> 01:23:57.083
you have to leave your parents,
they're not obliged to look after you.

01:23:57.250 --> 01:23:59.792
If your parents don't want you
at home, you just go.

01:23:59.958 --> 01:24:02.083
If you have to, you do it.

01:24:02.250 --> 01:24:05.042
I think it's an obligation.
And people who stay at home...

01:24:05.208 --> 01:24:07.583
You wouldn't last two days
away from home.

01:24:07.750 --> 01:24:10.208
It's not that,
you're forced to do it

01:24:10.375 --> 01:24:13.417
or you go to jail.
And if you blow it, off to jail.

01:24:13.625 --> 01:24:16.625
Would you rather be in jail?
That's what I think.

01:24:16.792 --> 01:24:19.667
I think your mentality
would change completely,

01:24:19.833 --> 01:24:21.625
there wouldn't be so many louts.

01:24:21.792 --> 01:24:25.208
There wouldn't be so many fools
that never had any hard knocks.

01:24:25.375 --> 01:24:27.958
I'm telling you, Miguel.
That's what I think.

01:24:28.083 --> 01:24:30.750
What if there's a real war?

01:24:30.917 --> 01:24:32.583
-Sure.
-I go because I want to.

01:24:33.667 --> 01:24:35.708
You go because they tell you to.

01:24:35.875 --> 01:24:37.125
You wouldn't go.

01:24:39.125 --> 01:24:41.542
I don't know.

01:24:43.250 --> 01:24:46.958
I consider myself a patriot
in the sense that I love Spain.

01:24:48.125 --> 01:24:51.083
I'm not in favour of
the King, in general,

01:24:51.250 --> 01:24:53.583
but I know we have a good king.

01:24:53.750 --> 01:24:55.375
Not like his father, got me?

01:24:59.083 --> 01:25:00.875
And they won't let me in.

01:25:02.042 --> 01:25:05.083
Because I don't have the "Capacitació",
the qualification they ask for.

01:25:06.167 --> 01:25:08.792
It's absurd,
as if in the United States

01:25:08.958 --> 01:25:10.583
they didn't let you work...

01:25:10.750 --> 01:25:12.417
You're from Oregon

01:25:12.625 --> 01:25:15.292
and you want to work in California

01:25:15.458 --> 01:25:17.999
and you can't because
you don't speak "Californian."

01:25:18.125 --> 01:25:21.875
It's not absurd, it's wonderful
what we have in this country:

01:25:22.000 --> 01:25:24.458
-the multicultural aspect.
-Hold on, I'll defend

01:25:24.667 --> 01:25:27.417
to my last breath

01:25:27.625 --> 01:25:31.375
the survival and conservation
of the languages.

01:25:31.583 --> 01:25:33.583
I've no doubt about that.

01:25:33.750 --> 01:25:36.250
-Language, folklore, music...
-I love it,

01:25:36.417 --> 01:25:38.542
but let it not be a barrier
for Spaniards.

01:25:38.708 --> 01:25:42.583
If I want to go to Alicante,
90 Km north of here, I can't work.

01:25:42.750 --> 01:25:46.583
If I go to a bilingual school,
I'll be speaking English all day.

01:25:46.750 --> 01:25:49.625
-But I can't.
-Yes.

01:25:49.792 --> 01:25:53.583
On one hand, obviously,

01:25:53.750 --> 01:25:57.583
I defend the languages
of the country to the hilt,

01:25:57.750 --> 01:26:00.625
but don't make it a barrier
for people's mobility.

01:26:00.792 --> 01:26:03.250
There are families separated...

01:26:03.417 --> 01:26:05.625
I know two co-workers

01:26:05.792 --> 01:26:08.250
whose partners are in
different autonomous communities

01:26:08.417 --> 01:26:12.417
because they don't speak
Catalan or Valencian.

01:26:12.625 --> 01:26:15.125
They don't ask you for
the "Mitjà", the intermediate,

01:26:15.292 --> 01:26:17.833
they want the "Capacitació",
which is C1.

01:26:17.999 --> 01:26:21.667
-And in Mallorca, Majorcan.
-Catalan.

01:26:21.833 --> 01:26:24.917
-No, in Mallorca it's not Catalan.
-I know they speak Majorcan,

01:26:25.042 --> 01:26:27.958
but to get in, I've tried it,
they ask you for Catalan.

01:26:29.458 --> 01:26:33.458
I'm in favour of it because
I wouldn't go to the Basque Country

01:26:33.667 --> 01:26:37.667
and weaken their education system
with my Murcian blather.

01:26:37.917 --> 01:26:41.417
Are you saying your teaching
would be inferior to the Basques?

01:26:41.625 --> 01:26:43.708
Yes. In a big way...

01:26:43.875 --> 01:26:45.958
Folklore, music, dance,

01:26:46.083 --> 01:26:48.417
-instruments...
-Are you a professional?

01:26:48.625 --> 01:26:50.875
I'm a professional, but...

01:26:51.000 --> 01:26:54.875
I wouldn't be able to provide a solid
cultural base, which is the language.

01:26:55.000 --> 01:26:57.458
No, the culture isn't their language.

01:26:57.667 --> 01:27:00.958
But language determines culture
to a great degree.

01:27:01.083 --> 01:27:03.625
Some words don't exist in Spanish.

01:27:03.792 --> 01:27:06.750
Yes. But if you want to go
to Castellón to teach,

01:27:06.917 --> 01:27:09.833
you can't, being an English teacher.

01:27:09.999 --> 01:27:12.333
-To Gandía...
-You're an English teacher

01:27:12.542 --> 01:27:15.000
and you can't teach in Castellón.

01:27:15.167 --> 01:27:19.167
But people from Castellón,
Valencia, Alicante, Girona...

01:27:19.333 --> 01:27:21.875
-can go anywhere.
-You said it well, Pilar.

01:27:22.000 --> 01:27:22.875
-"Girona"?
-Yes.

01:27:23.000 --> 01:27:25.792
-Okay, thanks.
-You clearly respect the culture.

01:27:25.958 --> 01:27:28.875
I love languages,
it's what I respect most.

01:27:29.000 --> 01:27:30.792
I devote myself to this.

01:27:30.958 --> 01:27:34.375
I'm studying German now,
I love it.

01:27:37.917 --> 01:27:41.458
I think that people who
feel themselves to be middle class

01:27:41.667 --> 01:27:45.583
may think that the cuts
don't affect them,

01:27:45.750 --> 01:27:49.750
when in fact they do.
In the end, they contribute

01:27:49.917 --> 01:27:53.125
to the right to public health,
public education,

01:27:53.292 --> 01:27:54.917
for their children, etc.

01:27:55.042 --> 01:27:57.292
They think it doesn't
affect them the same,

01:27:57.458 --> 01:28:00.083
but when we touch on
the subject of the nation,

01:28:00.250 --> 01:28:03.167
the nation in Spain is
something deep inside us.

01:28:03.333 --> 01:28:06.625
So you can't say to Catalans:

01:28:06.792 --> 01:28:09.292
"You have the right to decide...

01:28:09.458 --> 01:28:12.000
on your own

01:28:12.167 --> 01:28:15.292
about your nation,
your small population."

01:28:15.458 --> 01:28:18.167
-"Self-determination."
-Exactly.

01:28:18.333 --> 01:28:21.999
But in contrast, we Spaniards
living outside that area say:

01:28:22.125 --> 01:28:25.250
"They're altering our Spain",

01:28:25.417 --> 01:28:27.792
because Spain is a part of us.

01:28:27.958 --> 01:28:29.792
But as for the cuts...

01:28:29.958 --> 01:28:32.958
As for the cuts,
I'm middle class, you know?

01:28:33.083 --> 01:28:36.792
I'm middle class,
it doesn't harm me.

01:28:36.958 --> 01:28:40.042
How many working class people
have instability?

01:28:40.208 --> 01:28:44.083
Many people are affected by this
and still vote for the PP.

01:28:44.250 --> 01:28:46.792
-They're not aware.
-Working class people

01:28:46.958 --> 01:28:49.208
who have these economic problems

01:28:49.375 --> 01:28:52.542
have other worries on their minds,
as Naroa said,

01:28:52.708 --> 01:28:56.208
which is maybe exactly that,
feeding their family.

01:28:56.375 --> 01:29:01.042
But on the Catalonia issue they get mad.
And the Basque issue.

01:29:01.208 --> 01:29:04.000
But that's when
the media circus comes in,

01:29:04.167 --> 01:29:06.792
you've got the media,

01:29:06.958 --> 01:29:08.999
each channel telling a version,

01:29:09.125 --> 01:29:11.458
fake news to the max, fuck it.

01:29:12.667 --> 01:29:15.208
-And the TV news...
-And companies

01:29:15.375 --> 01:29:19.375
devoted precisely, right now,

01:29:20.542 --> 01:29:22.417
to creating fake news,

01:29:22.625 --> 01:29:25.750
with algorithms and bullshit
like on Facebook,

01:29:25.917 --> 01:29:28.750
finding news related to your tastes

01:29:28.917 --> 01:29:31.917
and cramming you full of propaganda.

01:29:32.042 --> 01:29:35.083
Check out how lots of
working class people think...

01:29:35.250 --> 01:29:39.042
They're humble, they consider
the businessman's side.

01:29:39.208 --> 01:29:41.917
They say: "Who gives me work?
The businessman.

01:29:42.042 --> 01:29:45.125
So I'm going to back
what the businessman wants

01:29:45.292 --> 01:29:47.833
because the businessman
gives me work.

01:29:47.999 --> 01:29:51.792
I can't go against him
because he's feeding me".

01:29:51.958 --> 01:29:54.792
Lots think that way.

01:29:54.958 --> 01:29:57.042
The person working

01:29:57.208 --> 01:30:00.167
for a baker or someone
with a bar,

01:30:00.333 --> 01:30:02.667
they depend on their boss,
that's who pays them.

01:30:02.833 --> 01:30:06.833
You don't have the luxury of
going against someone who pays you.

01:30:07.208 --> 01:30:09.999
Necessity comes first.

01:30:10.125 --> 01:30:12.750
I've noticed in recent years

01:30:12.917 --> 01:30:16.875
an incredible rise in tourism
in Cartagena,

01:30:17.000 --> 01:30:19.333
I don't recognize it anymore,

01:30:19.542 --> 01:30:23.000
as the city we know, I don't.

01:30:23.167 --> 01:30:26.875
Maybe we've lost identity.

01:30:28.792 --> 01:30:31.667
It's all very fake to me.

01:30:31.833 --> 01:30:33.167
Very fake, man.

01:30:34.417 --> 01:30:37.750
I've kind of gone blank.

01:30:41.250 --> 01:30:46.708
But anyway, what I see
is young people who finished school

01:30:48.375 --> 01:30:51.208
and: "Now what?

01:30:51.375 --> 01:30:53.958
They look lost to me.

01:30:54.083 --> 01:30:57.083
And all they see are ads:

01:30:57.250 --> 01:31:00.999
"Waiters wanted", whatever.

01:31:01.125 --> 01:31:03.917
-You get a 3-month contract,...
-Precarious.

01:31:05.708 --> 01:31:08.542
-Maybe even...
-...you get no training.

01:31:08.708 --> 01:31:11.917
...contracts by hours.
-And the rest...

01:31:12.042 --> 01:31:15.208
-3-month contract or by events.
-...paid under the table.

01:31:15.375 --> 01:31:17.667
Then you get fired.

01:31:17.833 --> 01:31:20.375
They fire you if they don't like you

01:31:20.583 --> 01:31:23.417
or you don't do the job
the way they like,

01:31:23.625 --> 01:31:25.667
which is fast and well.

01:31:25.833 --> 01:31:28.458
-Or fast or well.
-One of the two, exactly.

01:31:28.667 --> 01:31:31.167
Both of those things,

01:31:31.333 --> 01:31:34.667
it's not impossible,
but it's not easy.

01:31:34.833 --> 01:31:38.292
-There's huge pressure.
-In any business,

01:31:38.458 --> 01:31:40.417
it's three things:
good, pretty and cheap.

01:31:43.999 --> 01:31:45.583
Yes. But anyway,

01:31:45.750 --> 01:31:48.042
it seems like there's no way out,

01:31:48.208 --> 01:31:51.750
we're pigeonholed here

01:31:51.917 --> 01:31:54.333
into certain roles,

01:31:54.542 --> 01:31:58.000
certain jobs, certain sectors,
and it's all evolving.

01:31:58.167 --> 01:32:00.999
-While we're here thinking...
-Of course.

01:32:02.000 --> 01:32:04.708
Everything is evolving.

01:32:04.875 --> 01:32:07.333
I wouldn't leave Cartagena or Spain

01:32:07.542 --> 01:32:10.042
because the situation's terrible,

01:32:10.208 --> 01:32:12.958
I'd try to fight to change things.

01:32:13.083 --> 01:32:15.999
-To improve the situation.
-I'd try.

01:32:16.125 --> 01:32:16.958
Exactly.

01:32:17.083 --> 01:32:19.458
I've got no patriotic feeling,

01:32:19.667 --> 01:32:22.583
I've never felt like that.

01:32:22.750 --> 01:32:24.750
I think it's dumb.

01:32:24.917 --> 01:32:28.000
-My country is the people I know.
-A flag doesn't represent me.

01:32:28.167 --> 01:32:30.583
The concept...

01:32:30.750 --> 01:32:32.375
of a nation emerges

01:32:32.583 --> 01:32:36.417
after absolutism.

01:32:37.875 --> 01:32:40.958
Religion isn't as bound
to the State now,

01:32:41.083 --> 01:32:43.625
here in the West.

01:32:44.542 --> 01:32:46.208
-It isn't?
-No.

01:32:46.375 --> 01:32:48.875
Here in Spain it is.

01:32:52.333 --> 01:32:55.083
Is Spain sorting out my life?

01:32:55.250 --> 01:32:58.167
These two hands are doing it.

01:32:58.333 --> 01:33:02.000
You want to live in Ethiopia
with those two hands?

01:33:02.167 --> 01:33:05.167
-Maybe I'd be happier.
-Maybe not.

01:33:05.333 --> 01:33:09.333
-Maybe yes. What do you know?
-With your face, you'd be dead.

01:33:09.542 --> 01:33:10.875
Take that.

01:33:11.917 --> 01:33:14.042
Let's see if you get it...

01:33:14.208 --> 01:33:16.542
What's going on now?

01:33:16.708 --> 01:33:20.708
Stupid toff blowing his nose
on the flag and everyone's....

01:33:21.167 --> 01:33:23.792
-They're stealing from us...
-Not anymore.

01:33:23.958 --> 01:33:27.958
...and it's fine:
"With the PP there's work."

01:33:28.333 --> 01:33:30.042
With Felipe González.

01:33:30.208 --> 01:33:33.208
They're taking away
all the rights we've gained,

01:33:33.375 --> 01:33:36.208
what all our comrades fought for
and now...

01:33:36.375 --> 01:33:38.167
it's nothing but shit, damn it.

01:33:38.333 --> 01:33:41.917
Shit, shit, shit.
And it gets worse and worse.

01:33:42.042 --> 01:33:45.042
Now we pay to get work?

01:33:45.208 --> 01:33:47.208
-What's that shit?
-We should do something,

01:33:47.375 --> 01:33:49.917
-and we just complain.
-I agree.

01:33:50.042 --> 01:33:53.542
You say "Let's go on strike"

01:33:53.708 --> 01:33:56.750
and they say to you:
"No, I lose 100 bucks."

01:33:56.917 --> 01:33:59.167
"You lose 200 every month

01:33:59.333 --> 01:34:01.917
because you didn't strike,
you've put no pressure on,

01:34:02.042 --> 01:34:04.458
so fuck you and your bullshit."

01:34:04.667 --> 01:34:08.125
-They should be neutered.
-Why doesn't it explode?

01:34:08.292 --> 01:34:11.667
What does it do you?

01:34:11.833 --> 01:34:15.417
-What good? Your rights!
-I mean the money we get.

01:34:15.625 --> 01:34:18.125
Now they give you shit,
I used to earn more.

01:34:20.000 --> 01:34:22.625
-And life's more expensive.
-You're an idiot.

01:34:22.875 --> 01:34:25.042
Really, the ones who have

01:34:25.208 --> 01:34:28.458
all the responsibility in the company
are the workers, not the boss.

01:34:28.667 --> 01:34:31.167
No, the boss has to be
on top of things

01:34:31.333 --> 01:34:34.333
and worry and tell the worker:

01:34:34.542 --> 01:34:37.708
"Do it right or hit the road."

01:34:37.875 --> 01:34:40.917
But you have this level

01:34:41.042 --> 01:34:43.708
of professionalism, and say:
"Fuck me,

01:34:43.875 --> 01:34:47.875
I'll call these guys,
they do a great fucking job."

01:34:48.000 --> 01:34:50.083
If not: "I'll find some other guys."

01:34:50.250 --> 01:34:53.292
What if at the end of the month
the boss doesn't get paid?

01:34:53.458 --> 01:34:55.958
-Exactly.
-That's not your problem.

01:34:56.083 --> 01:34:59.999
-Whose problem is it?
-The boss' problem.

01:35:00.125 --> 01:35:02.125
The boss has the least worries.

01:35:02.292 --> 01:35:04.875
-The boss?
-Yes, because the boss...

01:35:05.000 --> 01:35:08.750
I've been working...
I started a construction firm

01:35:08.917 --> 01:35:12.750
and the one who really worries
is the boss,

01:35:12.917 --> 01:35:15.792
in the sense that the worker
just expects a salary,

01:35:15.958 --> 01:35:18.083
and if he doesn't get it,
he hassles him.

01:35:18.250 --> 01:35:21.458
The one who has to talk
to everyone is the boss, got me?

01:35:21.667 --> 01:35:24.833
The boss makes sure that the work
comes out right, not the worker.

01:35:24.999 --> 01:35:29.750
If worker works badly,
it's the boss' fault for hiring him.

01:35:31.125 --> 01:35:34.000
But who gets fired first,
the boss or you?

01:35:34.167 --> 01:35:35.625
You first, then the boss.

01:35:35.792 --> 01:35:38.833
-But the boss is in debt.
-The boss finds someone else!

01:35:42.375 --> 01:35:45.000
Here in Cartagena

01:35:45.167 --> 01:35:47.542
we virtually live off
the service sector.

01:35:47.708 --> 01:35:51.625
But there's been repercussions
in everything else.

01:35:51.792 --> 01:35:54.750
My sister studied Teaching

01:35:54.917 --> 01:35:57.292
and got caught by the crisis.

01:35:57.458 --> 01:35:59.292
The poor girl had high marks

01:35:59.458 --> 01:36:02.208
and couldn't find a job
in what she'd studied,

01:36:02.375 --> 01:36:05.458
like basically everyone.

01:36:05.667 --> 01:36:09.417
Everyone, depending on the year
you finished your degree,

01:36:09.625 --> 01:36:13.375
you were lucky to end up
doing what you'd studied

01:36:13.583 --> 01:36:16.292
or, sadly, because the crisis
caught you, no.

01:36:16.458 --> 01:36:19.458
Never mind what you've studied,

01:36:19.667 --> 01:36:22.250
just because you were hit by a crisis.

01:36:23.292 --> 01:36:27.125
These people made no inroads
in anything: nurse, teacher,

01:36:27.292 --> 01:36:29.542
whatever, it just hit them.

01:36:29.708 --> 01:36:33.708
We're a part of the population

01:36:33.875 --> 01:36:37.625
that couldn't find work
in what they studied.

01:36:37.792 --> 01:36:41.167
-That's the effect.
-We have bags of culture.

01:36:41.333 --> 01:36:43.333
It's not that we have bags of culture,

01:36:43.542 --> 01:36:46.708
we emigrate to other countries

01:36:46.875 --> 01:36:49.958
to be able to work.

01:36:50.083 --> 01:36:54.000
And you're working in
the same conditions.

01:36:54.167 --> 01:36:58.083
-That's true.
-And you come back worse.

01:36:58.250 --> 01:37:00.292
More screwed up and burnt out.

01:37:00.458 --> 01:37:04.458
Public education, good or bad,

01:37:04.667 --> 01:37:06.667
-isn't a fallacy, it's evidence.
-Yes, but...

01:37:06.833 --> 01:37:10.583
there's public education
until the end of high school.

01:37:10.750 --> 01:37:13.083
In "public" university,
as you said,

01:37:13.250 --> 01:37:16.708
you have to pay for everything.
Here in the Murcia region

01:37:16.875 --> 01:37:19.667
I have a doctor friend
who's really pissed off

01:37:19.833 --> 01:37:22.625
because the people who studied
Nursing at UCAM,

01:37:22.792 --> 01:37:24.458
that is, a private university,

01:37:24.667 --> 01:37:27.125
have places to be interns
in public hospitals.

01:37:27.292 --> 01:37:29.667
So it's easier...

01:37:29.833 --> 01:37:32.250
-Because they pay more.
-Are you surprised?

01:37:32.417 --> 01:37:33.999
Are we scared?

01:37:34.125 --> 01:37:36.542
-I'm not surprised, it fucks me off.
-It's obvious.

01:37:36.708 --> 01:37:38.792
They've paid for it.

01:37:38.958 --> 01:37:42.625
-Yes, but it's a public hospital.
-It doesn't matter what it is.

01:37:42.792 --> 01:37:44.792
If you pay, you have
more rights than others,

01:37:44.958 --> 01:37:48.958
simply because you're paying
for a service or whatever.

01:37:49.083 --> 01:37:49.958
It's surreal.

01:37:50.083 --> 01:37:53.083
It gives you more right
than those who don't pay.

01:37:53.250 --> 01:37:55.333
That's how opportunity works.

01:37:59.000 --> 01:38:01.625
The thing is, before there
were more mobilizations.

01:38:01.792 --> 01:38:02.999
Yes, that's right.

01:38:03.125 --> 01:38:06.292
People concerned themselves
more about others.

01:38:06.458 --> 01:38:08.833
Today you hear it and say:

01:38:08.999 --> 01:38:11.833
"Yes, he's unemployed
and has nothing to live on."

01:38:11.999 --> 01:38:15.625
You give to an NGO
and you've covered your back.

01:38:15.792 --> 01:38:19.167
I remember the demonstrations
of the 80s and 90s.

01:38:19.333 --> 01:38:21.208
When are there demonstrations now?

01:38:21.375 --> 01:38:23.750
There are, but very few.
Really, fewer

01:38:23.917 --> 01:38:26.333
The unions are just for show,

01:38:26.542 --> 01:38:28.000
they don't do anything.

01:38:28.167 --> 01:38:32.000
Before, any problem you had,
the union made it theirs.

01:38:32.167 --> 01:38:35.583
-They made it their problem.
-Well, it depends.

01:38:35.750 --> 01:38:38.750
My husband paid his dues
for 28 years

01:38:38.917 --> 01:38:41.792
to the labour unions

01:38:41.958 --> 01:38:44.125
and we only needed it once,

01:38:44.292 --> 01:38:47.375
just once did we need the union.
Once.

01:38:47.583 --> 01:38:50.917
And they solved nothing for us.
I said: "Oh, really?"

01:38:51.042 --> 01:38:53.542
I went to the bank
to stop payment to them.

01:38:53.708 --> 01:38:56.458
Four or five months later
they phoned us:

01:38:56.667 --> 01:39:00.542
"Maybe you forgot to pay."
"No, we didn't forget.

01:39:00.708 --> 01:39:03.458
We're not giving you another cent,
you haven't solved anything for us."

01:39:03.667 --> 01:39:06.750
"We'll take you to court."
"Whatever, I'm not paying."

01:39:06.917 --> 01:39:09.792
-I do recall...
-28 years paying a union

01:39:09.958 --> 01:39:13.458
and we had one simple problem
and you didn't solve it.

01:39:13.667 --> 01:39:15.792
We're not paying another cent.

01:39:15.958 --> 01:39:18.792
-Unions aren't what they were.
-Maybe.

01:39:18.958 --> 01:39:22.375
Before, being a unionist
was deep-rooted,

01:39:22.583 --> 01:39:24.000
not now.

01:39:24.167 --> 01:39:26.625
Now most unionists join companies

01:39:26.792 --> 01:39:29.917
to do union hours
and get other benefits.

01:39:30.042 --> 01:39:33.875
Before you didn't get union hours.
A unionist was deep-rooted,

01:39:34.000 --> 01:39:36.458
he'd fight for the worker.
Not now,

01:39:36.667 --> 01:39:40.625
now everyone's on their own
and sorts out their own problems.

01:39:40.792 --> 01:39:44.000
Before, you went to the union...
I've worked,

01:39:44.167 --> 01:39:45.667
I've experienced it up close,

01:39:45.833 --> 01:39:48.667
and the union really solved
things for you, it helped you.

01:39:48.833 --> 01:39:52.250
They organized strikes in construction,

01:39:52.417 --> 01:39:53.583
in bakeries...

01:39:53.750 --> 01:39:56.625
Incredible strikes. They went ahead,

01:39:56.792 --> 01:39:59.458
everyone went on strike,

01:39:59.667 --> 01:40:02.000
everyone joined those strikes.

01:40:02.167 --> 01:40:05.875
Even unrelated sectors
supported those strikes.

01:40:06.000 --> 01:40:09.375
The demonstrations they had before...
Not now,

01:40:09.583 --> 01:40:11.667
nothing's done, no struggle.

01:40:11.833 --> 01:40:14.458
People have stagnated,
they don't fight.

01:40:14.667 --> 01:40:18.875
No, the struggle before
is nothing like today.

01:40:19.958 --> 01:40:23.875
Kids today don't even know
which party is in government.

01:40:24.000 --> 01:40:26.125
Or who Suárez was.

01:40:26.292 --> 01:40:28.417
They don't know anything.

01:40:28.625 --> 01:40:32.375
My older kids do,
but the younger one,

01:40:32.583 --> 01:40:34.292
20 years old...

01:40:34.458 --> 01:40:37.708
Don't ask him who the president is
because he doesn't care.

01:40:37.875 --> 01:40:41.708
-No, they don't care.
-Not to mention foreign politics.

01:40:41.875 --> 01:40:44.958
They don't know about Spain,
let alone the outside world.

01:40:45.083 --> 01:40:47.708
Do you think the strike
as a mechanism

01:40:47.875 --> 01:40:50.667
for the defence of worker's rights
makes sense now?

01:40:50.833 --> 01:40:53.542
Not these days. Not these days.

01:40:54.625 --> 01:40:58.042
-Before, yes, but not now.
-I don't know.

01:40:58.208 --> 01:41:00.458
What strike now do you recall?

01:41:00.667 --> 01:41:04.083
Do you remember a powerful strike?
I don't remember any.

01:41:04.375 --> 01:41:07.458
In the end, the problems
are going to be the same.

01:41:07.667 --> 01:41:10.750
I agree. I'm totally apolitical,
I'm not with any party.

01:41:10.917 --> 01:41:15.625
If I'm interested I'll vote for one
or the other, never mind the party.

01:41:15.792 --> 01:41:18.750
The mayors of La Unión.

01:41:18.917 --> 01:41:20.708
I voted for them
because I knew them.

01:41:20.875 --> 01:41:24.375
I didn't care if they were PP,
PSOE or CDS.

01:41:24.583 --> 01:41:27.458
I know them,
they're good people,

01:41:27.667 --> 01:41:29.333
even if they went bad.

01:41:29.542 --> 01:41:33.083
I voted for them because of that,
not because they were from a party.

01:41:33.250 --> 01:41:34.917
I'm totally apolitical.

01:41:35.333 --> 01:41:38.042
We just say: "There's high
unemployment, idleness...",

01:41:38.208 --> 01:41:41.667
but we don't hit the streets.

01:41:41.833 --> 01:41:44.375
People came out for everything,
and not now.

01:41:44.583 --> 01:41:46.999
We've gotten comfortable. We're lazier.

01:41:47.125 --> 01:41:50.542
-We don't want to go on protests.
-Especially if we have a wage at home.

01:41:50.708 --> 01:41:53.417
When they're on TV:
"Those poor people..."

01:41:54.583 --> 01:41:58.458
"Why are they coming on these rafts?"
It must be bad for them to come...

01:41:58.625 --> 01:42:02.083
I say that a lot, when people protest
about these boats coming.

01:42:02.250 --> 01:42:06.042
Not that I agree
they should be picked up.

01:42:06.208 --> 01:42:09.292
I understand that these people
must be desperate

01:42:09.458 --> 01:42:13.458
to risk their lives
crossing the sea where...

01:42:13.667 --> 01:42:16.999
-The dead this month...
-Like us in the 60s when...

01:42:17.125 --> 01:42:18.417
we went to Germany,

01:42:19.458 --> 01:42:20.542
to France...

01:42:20.708 --> 01:42:23.708
My mother was at the grape harvest
in France

01:42:23.875 --> 01:42:25.542
and they asked for her papers...

01:42:29.042 --> 01:42:32.250
I think any worker
should join the union...

01:42:32.417 --> 01:42:35.458
-because otherwise...
-Yes, that's good.

01:42:35.667 --> 01:42:38.042
There has to be union action.

01:42:38.208 --> 01:42:40.000
But it has to be effective.

01:42:40.167 --> 01:42:43.417
Everyone can think
what they like, but...

01:42:43.625 --> 01:42:45.708
At my age,
I've never seen them act.

01:42:45.875 --> 01:42:48.625
At your age.
But thanks to them,

01:42:48.792 --> 01:42:51.417
we got a lot of rights,
a lot of things.

01:42:51.625 --> 01:42:55.542
-If it hadn't been...
-I haven't seen them act.

01:42:55.708 --> 01:42:58.042
Because you're very young,
but otherwise...

01:42:58.208 --> 01:43:00.750
-You've seen them act?
-I've seen the unions act.

01:43:00.917 --> 01:43:04.042
If the union wasn't with Bazán,

01:43:04.208 --> 01:43:06.708
the reform wouldn't have happened:

01:43:06.875 --> 01:43:09.333
-from earning shit...
-Reform? To earn more shit.

01:43:09.542 --> 01:43:12.667
-No, not to earn shit,...
-He's right.

01:43:12.833 --> 01:43:15.167
...to making good wages.

01:43:15.333 --> 01:43:17.125
Worse or the same.

01:43:17.292 --> 01:43:20.167
-I wasn't at Bazán then.
-Not worse.

01:43:20.333 --> 01:43:22.625
-Ask Bartolo.
-Bartolo?

01:43:22.792 --> 01:43:25.542
Think about it:
from earning 32,000 pesetas

01:43:25.708 --> 01:43:27.750
to what they're making now.

01:43:27.917 --> 01:43:31.000
All thanks to them.
Thanks to the strike.

01:43:31.167 --> 01:43:35.000
Thanks to union action.
Or we would've been much worse.

01:43:36.250 --> 01:43:39.958
We have an 8-hour day,
though that's not strict these days.

01:43:40.083 --> 01:43:42.083
-That's another thing.
-That's what I was going to say.

01:43:42.250 --> 01:43:45.458
-How are we doing right now?
-Well, right now...

01:43:45.833 --> 01:43:47.458
-There were worthy people.
-No, no,

01:43:47.667 --> 01:43:50.375
it's not about being worthy,

01:43:50.583 --> 01:43:52.583
the people don't have union action.

01:43:53.625 --> 01:43:56.875
The people are like:
"I've got my tablet, Internet

01:43:57.000 --> 01:44:00.250
Facebook and Instagram."
And that's it.

01:44:00.417 --> 01:44:02.125
No, it's fucking reality.

01:44:02.292 --> 01:44:05.417
Now you tell them:
"We're striking for our rights..."

01:44:05.625 --> 01:44:08.042
You want me to thump you?

01:44:08.208 --> 01:44:09.792
Look here,

01:44:09.958 --> 01:44:12.917
you're making 2500 euros.
You have enough for 50 tablets.

01:44:13.042 --> 01:44:15.125
2500 because I work for it.

01:44:15.292 --> 01:44:17.292
Stop filming,
I'm going to thump him.

01:44:17.458 --> 01:44:20.417
-Because I work for it.
-Okay, like lots of people.

01:44:20.625 --> 01:44:24.208
For just 8 hours I earn shit.

01:44:25.917 --> 01:44:29.125
-With 8 hours you can't survive?
-Yes, I can,

01:44:29.292 --> 01:44:32.625
but thanks to the unions
we have a lot of things.

01:44:32.792 --> 01:44:35.542
You're going to make me hit you.

01:44:35.708 --> 01:44:39.042
Don't you think the unions
do their job?

01:44:39.208 --> 01:44:41.875
I don't think they do anything.

01:44:42.000 --> 01:44:43.792
I haven't seen them act.

01:44:43.958 --> 01:44:46.750
Have you seen what
a union does from the inside?

01:44:46.917 --> 01:44:49.958
I've seen that you have to pay
4 or 5 euros to join.

01:44:50.083 --> 01:44:51.792
I worked in Carrefour

01:44:51.958 --> 01:44:54.417
and they told me to join the union

01:44:55.583 --> 01:44:57.750
and you tell me what they do.

01:44:57.917 --> 01:45:01.792
Tell me a law the union proposed
that Parliament then passed.

01:45:01.958 --> 01:45:04.875
It's a lie. Loads of blah-blah-blah,
and little or nothing.

01:45:05.000 --> 01:45:07.958
What do you think of strikes?
Are they useful sometimes?

01:45:08.083 --> 01:45:11.250
Strikes, yes, because you
burn stuff and feel good.

01:45:11.417 --> 01:45:13.417
You let off steam.

01:45:13.625 --> 01:45:15.750
But, look, man...

01:45:15.917 --> 01:45:19.000
Throughout history
we've been taught that,

01:45:19.167 --> 01:45:22.250
but when you strike...

01:45:22.417 --> 01:45:25.917
...with willingness, not:
"Let's meet, take a walk." No.

01:45:26.042 --> 01:45:29.000
"We're striking, and until they listen,
we're not moving from here."

01:45:29.167 --> 01:45:30.917
But it's not in fashion now.

01:45:31.042 --> 01:45:33.833
Why? Because there's no
class consciousness,

01:45:33.999 --> 01:45:35.792
no working-class consciousness.

01:45:35.958 --> 01:45:38.958
No, you and all of us here

01:45:39.083 --> 01:45:42.208
make 1000 or 1200 euros
and we don't care.

01:45:42.375 --> 01:45:44.250
-Where are you on May 1st?
-Take it easy.

01:45:44.417 --> 01:45:46.875
-At home.
-That's the mistake.

01:45:47.917 --> 01:45:50.917
-Why aren't you at the demonstration?
-Because I make 1000 euros.

01:45:51.042 --> 01:45:53.999
-Then fuck you.
-You should be the first.

01:45:54.125 --> 01:45:55.999
-Fuck you.
-Fuck me?

01:45:56.125 --> 01:45:58.042
If you settle for 1000 euros, fuck you.

01:45:58.208 --> 01:46:01.958
My house costs 250 euros,
my daughter 125, what do I care?

01:46:02.083 --> 01:46:04.792
I don't give a shit.

01:46:04.958 --> 01:46:08.833
You don't give a shit
about my life? I'll bust you one.

01:46:08.999 --> 01:46:11.667
Would you be happier
with 1000 or 2000?

01:46:11.833 --> 01:46:14.292
My work's not worth 2000.

01:46:14.458 --> 01:46:17.458
Maybe you're not
thinking about it right.

01:46:17.667 --> 01:46:19.750
I think my work's worth 2000.

01:46:19.917 --> 01:46:22.000
-No, it's not.
-Yeah, go on like that.

01:46:22.167 --> 01:46:24.792
And your neighbour, what?
We're very selfish.

01:46:24.958 --> 01:46:27.250
Carry on like what?
Are you an idiot?

01:46:27.417 --> 01:46:30.375
-No, you're the idiot.
-You're going to fight today.

01:46:30.583 --> 01:46:33.625
Sure we are.

01:46:33.792 --> 01:46:36.792
If you don't value your work...

01:46:36.958 --> 01:46:40.000
-I do value it.
-...it's the worker's problem.

01:46:40.167 --> 01:46:44.000
The employer tells you
it's worth 20 euros.

01:46:44.167 --> 01:46:46.667
What do you do with 2000 euros?

01:46:46.833 --> 01:46:50.208
-With 2000 you can do stuff.
-And with 1000. Pay rent and live.

01:46:50.375 --> 01:46:52.375
It hurts my ears being
next to the machine all day.

01:46:52.583 --> 01:46:55.083
But now they hurt more.

01:46:55.250 --> 01:46:58.333
-Take it easy.
-Don't bust my balls!

01:46:58.542 --> 01:47:00.750
-Fuck!
-No, no.

01:47:00.917 --> 01:47:03.833
It's not like that.
You settled for 1000 euros

01:47:03.999 --> 01:47:05.875
and it's not like that.

01:47:06.000 --> 01:47:09.083
If you know your boss
is making this much,

01:47:09.250 --> 01:47:13.125
-why do you say: "The company..."?
-But you make 2500!

01:47:15.750 --> 01:47:17.750
You say: "Fuck, my boss
is making X and..."

01:47:17.917 --> 01:47:21.542
I don't care about the cameras,
I'll bust you one. You make 2500.

01:47:21.708 --> 01:47:23.999
Miguel, it's true, because of
people like you we're like this.

01:47:24.125 --> 01:47:26.417
Yes, but my work's not worth that.

01:47:26.625 --> 01:47:29.458
He's doing his job,
it's worth that.

01:47:29.667 --> 01:47:31.208
He's worth it.

01:47:31.375 --> 01:47:33.958
For what you do,
I wouldn't give you...

01:47:34.083 --> 01:47:36.875
Do you think this guy
makes 1000 euros

01:47:37.000 --> 01:47:39.292
-for holding up that mike?
-Yes.

01:47:39.458 --> 01:47:42.083
Maybe he should charge 2000,
because he's educated.

01:47:42.250 --> 01:47:45.458
-And he's got a degree.
-No. Do you know why?

01:47:45.667 --> 01:47:49.208
Because work is based
on responsibility.

01:47:49.375 --> 01:47:50.999
What responsibility?

01:47:51.125 --> 01:47:53.125
He's educated, got a degree...

01:47:53.292 --> 01:47:55.750
-I don't care.
-That's no good to me.

01:47:55.917 --> 01:47:57.792
-It's no good to me.
-I don't care.

01:47:57.958 --> 01:48:00.625
We're getting nowhere here.

01:48:00.792 --> 01:48:04.042
-It depends on the responsibility.
-A doctor should be making...

01:48:04.208 --> 01:48:06.875
-100,000 euros.
-More than a footballer, for example.

01:48:07.000 --> 01:48:09.417
A footballer, like he said.

01:48:09.625 --> 01:48:12.250
-What responsibility has he got?
-Loads.

01:48:12.417 --> 01:48:15.875
-None! None!
-Just as well he's not in a union.

01:48:16.000 --> 01:48:16.875
-Loads.
-None!

01:48:17.000 --> 01:48:19.792
I agree with him.
I couldn't be a footballer.

01:48:19.958 --> 01:48:22.042
-Could you?
-How could I be a footballer

01:48:22.208 --> 01:48:25.083
-if I can't walk with my leg straight?
-With the "blow" you take,

01:48:25.250 --> 01:48:28.583
they'd throw you in jail
the first day, man.

01:48:28.750 --> 01:48:31.917
Footballers have to be on top
every day, man.

01:48:32.042 --> 01:48:33.708
That's not the issue.

01:48:37.250 --> 01:48:38.958
I was in the CNS.

01:48:39.708 --> 01:48:43.000
But not in Comisiones Obreras
or the UGT.

01:48:43.167 --> 01:48:46.750
-The CNS? From before?
-Sure, the Regime one.

01:48:46.917 --> 01:48:49.583
-The vertical union, right?
-The vertical.

01:48:49.750 --> 01:48:52.125
-But later no.
-Everybody was in line.

01:48:52.958 --> 01:48:56.333
They couldn't fire you
because they felt like it.

01:48:56.542 --> 01:48:58.292
Now yes, they can fire you...

01:48:58.458 --> 01:49:00.833
But with Franco nobody got fired.

01:49:02.083 --> 01:49:04.667
You didn't have to do
what the boss wanted,

01:49:04.833 --> 01:49:06.999
he had to compensate you...

01:49:08.999 --> 01:49:10.999
But later, in Bazán, for example...?

01:49:11.125 --> 01:49:15.125
Not in Bazán, no.
They gave me the money and I left.

01:49:15.417 --> 01:49:17.333
But I had no problem there,

01:49:17.542 --> 01:49:21.250
-they gave me the money...
-I mean you weren't in the union.

01:49:21.417 --> 01:49:24.458
No, not me.
Not in the UGT or CCOO.

01:49:24.667 --> 01:49:27.708
There was the USO too.

01:49:27.875 --> 01:49:29.583
I wasn't in that.

01:49:29.750 --> 01:49:33.083
No, because they looked like
moochers to me.

01:49:33.250 --> 01:49:37.000
It's the same as yesterday.
I read in the paper

01:49:37.167 --> 01:49:40.833
about an event here
in the Hotel Nelva, in Murcia,

01:49:40.999 --> 01:49:44.708
by VOX, the right wingers.

01:49:45.958 --> 01:49:48.292
And these other fuckers come and say:
"Fucking son of a bitch,

01:49:48.458 --> 01:49:50.625
you should be kidnapped
and put in a hole!"

01:49:50.792 --> 01:49:53.083
The antifascists.

01:49:56.042 --> 01:49:57.999
Not the fascists.

01:49:58.125 --> 01:50:00.833
They come out with a Spanish flag...

01:50:02.542 --> 01:50:03.833
and the others insult the flag:

01:50:03.999 --> 01:50:06.958
"Fucking bitch!"

01:50:07.083 --> 01:50:10.708
You can't do that.
In the society we live in now,

01:50:10.875 --> 01:50:12.542
you can't do that, my friends,

01:50:13.583 --> 01:50:16.917
because we have to get rid
of all the stigmas

01:50:17.042 --> 01:50:18.833
of Francoism and all that.

01:50:20.208 --> 01:50:22.417
I'm one of those people.

01:50:22.625 --> 01:50:24.917
Though I may have
liked it at the time,

01:50:25.042 --> 01:50:29.042
I'm more liberal now, now...
Hey, I am liberal.

01:50:29.208 --> 01:50:32.083
I want people to live well,

01:50:32.250 --> 01:50:34.250
enjoy themselves, have a house,

01:50:34.417 --> 01:50:36.458
have food

01:50:36.667 --> 01:50:38.625
and get an education.

01:50:41.542 --> 01:50:44.958
There were opportunities then,
but some people were lazy.

01:50:45.083 --> 01:50:47.333
Vagrants and thugs.
The Vagrancy Act...

01:50:53.417 --> 01:50:55.708
I'm simpler and more...

01:50:55.875 --> 01:50:59.583
It must be due to my age,
I'm going to turn 54,

01:51:00.708 --> 01:51:03.833
and due to my situation,

01:51:03.999 --> 01:51:06.999
I have rheumatism in my whole body
from working so much.

01:51:08.000 --> 01:51:09.833
I've always been a baker.

01:51:09.999 --> 01:51:12.667
My working day has always
been 12 hours.

01:51:12.833 --> 01:51:14.417
I made a lot of money, that's true.

01:51:15.750 --> 01:51:19.250
I worked in a bakery here
that's closed.

01:51:19.417 --> 01:51:21.458
I've known Cartagena at night.

01:51:21.667 --> 01:51:25.667
Cartagena at night is different
from the Cartagena you know.

01:51:25.833 --> 01:51:29.375
This was the street,
excuse me, of the whores.

01:51:29.583 --> 01:51:33.333
They'd finish work on the dock
and come here, to the bakery.

01:51:34.375 --> 01:51:37.292
That's my dream,

01:51:37.458 --> 01:51:39.167
to get a pension,

01:51:39.333 --> 01:51:42.083
help my youngest daughter,
she needs it,

01:51:44.083 --> 01:51:46.000
and grow old with dignity.

01:51:48.917 --> 01:51:51.542
If I win the lottery,
as he said, fucking great.

01:51:53.583 --> 01:51:55.708
But you can't aspire to...

01:51:55.875 --> 01:51:58.375
You have to be realistic
in this life, you know?

01:51:58.583 --> 01:52:01.333
If I got a pension of 1000 euros,

01:52:01.542 --> 01:52:04.833
I'd sign right now, for sure.

01:52:04.999 --> 01:52:07.125
Do you dream about that at night?

01:52:07.292 --> 01:52:08.875
-Yes, yes.
-Asleep, I mean.

01:52:09.000 --> 01:52:11.083
Yes, yes, yes.

01:52:11.250 --> 01:52:13.958
That'd give me peace of mind,

01:52:14.083 --> 01:52:15.333
because right now...

01:52:16.542 --> 01:52:18.999
I've worked like a slave,
like a bastard,

01:52:19.125 --> 01:52:21.250
and my ass is hanging out.

01:52:22.917 --> 01:52:25.042
It's because I've been
married three times too.

01:52:26.083 --> 01:52:29.333
So... My first wife left me...

01:52:30.708 --> 01:52:32.083
...high and dry...

01:52:33.333 --> 01:52:36.167
and the second one
paid the consequences of that,

01:52:36.333 --> 01:52:37.625
because I was,

01:52:39.999 --> 01:52:42.750
as they say,

01:52:43.792 --> 01:52:45.208
once bitten twice shy.

01:52:45.375 --> 01:52:47.917
The third just didn't work out.

01:52:48.042 --> 01:52:50.583
Now I live with my mum.

01:52:53.042 --> 01:52:56.042
Peace of mind,

01:52:56.208 --> 01:52:58.125
it's all I want.

01:52:59.833 --> 01:53:01.000
Is there any dream

01:53:01.167 --> 01:53:04.542
you recall in particular

01:53:04.708 --> 01:53:07.542
from when you were young
or that's recurring?

01:53:11.042 --> 01:53:14.708
Like he said.
I don't think I'll die poor.

01:53:16.333 --> 01:53:18.458
I don't deserve it,
I'm not a bad person,

01:53:18.667 --> 01:53:20.875
I don't harm anyone.

01:53:22.167 --> 01:53:24.750
You know what I mean?

01:53:24.917 --> 01:53:27.667
So you have to
be compensated one day.

01:53:28.792 --> 01:53:29.958
Do you understand?

01:53:31.667 --> 01:53:33.208
Humble,

01:53:33.375 --> 01:53:35.542
I consider myself very humble.

01:53:37.833 --> 01:53:39.708
I don't aspire to...

01:53:41.083 --> 01:53:42.333
Besides,

01:53:42.542 --> 01:53:45.999
when you're 20 you think
you're going to conquer the world

01:53:46.125 --> 01:53:47.583
and the world eats you up.

01:53:50.125 --> 01:53:53.125
BURNING A PARLIAMENT

01:54:03.833 --> 01:54:06.667
The best of a hundred countries.

01:54:06.833 --> 01:54:10.083
Their culture, their folklore,
their natural wealth,

01:54:10.250 --> 01:54:13.083
their works of art, their gastronomy.

01:54:13.250 --> 01:54:15.167
In Seville for 6 months

01:54:15.333 --> 01:54:18.708
will be the unique
and unrepeatable event...

01:54:18.875 --> 01:54:20.583
Expo '92.

01:54:22.708 --> 01:54:26.333
Expo '92, the world's best.

01:54:27.167 --> 01:54:29.250
My problem is that
I've been here since 10 a.m.

01:54:29.417 --> 01:54:31.875
There was no police cordon.

01:54:32.000 --> 01:54:34.875
I'm a citizen
and I'm requesting for my right

01:54:35.000 --> 01:54:36.542
to enter a parliament.

01:54:36.708 --> 01:54:39.999
They're trampling on the Constitution.

01:54:40.125 --> 01:54:42.542
They won't let me enter
Parliament to listen.

01:54:42.708 --> 01:54:46.458
I'm not here to agitate but to ask...
Ask no, they won't let me speak,

01:54:46.667 --> 01:54:50.542
but to support these poor men
who have lead poisoning.

01:54:50.708 --> 01:54:51.958
Do you get it, sir?

01:54:52.083 --> 01:54:55.875
My husband has the right,
like the other 350 families,

01:54:56.000 --> 01:54:58.708
to a job. They've been made sick,

01:54:58.875 --> 01:55:01.792
so sick that they weren't able
to donate blood.

01:55:01.958 --> 01:55:05.667
They're left to their own devices.
I want to go in and the president

01:55:05.833 --> 01:55:08.792
won't let me in.

01:55:08.958 --> 01:55:11.750
That's trampling on the Constitution.
A place like this

01:55:11.917 --> 01:55:14.292
should respect the Constitution

01:55:14.458 --> 01:55:17.250
and let a person in.
I came alone, not in a group.

01:55:17.417 --> 01:55:20.667
I didn't come to agitate,
I came to support those men there

01:55:20.833 --> 01:55:24.000
asking for work, that's all.
Most of them are sick.

01:55:26.375 --> 01:55:30.000
In some way, Cartagena is always notorious.

01:55:30.167 --> 01:55:31.875
Let's start with what you said,

01:55:32.000 --> 01:55:35.667
that feat written in history books,

01:55:35.833 --> 01:55:38.750
by the great Latin historians:
the elephants of Hannibal.

01:55:38.917 --> 01:55:41.250
Hannibal left
the Iberian Qart Hadasht,

01:55:41.417 --> 01:55:44.958
he left Carthage, from Cartagena,
to conquer Rome.

01:55:45.999 --> 01:55:49.375
With 50,000 infantry, 15,000 riders,

01:55:49.583 --> 01:55:51.875
100 African elephants...

01:55:54.333 --> 01:55:57.833
to topple the largest empire
in the Mediterranean at the time.

01:55:57.999 --> 01:56:00.000
They were in a rivalry.

01:56:01.875 --> 01:56:03.999
Cartagena was already
in the thick of it.

01:56:04.125 --> 01:56:07.750
Then, of course,
in the 18th or 19th century

01:56:07.917 --> 01:56:11.875
Cartagena was in
all the liberal revolutions.

01:56:12.000 --> 01:56:13.333
The Glorious Revolution.

01:56:13.583 --> 01:56:17.167
Tradition has it that
it all began in apothecary

01:56:17.333 --> 01:56:19.667
here in Cartagena, on Calle Mayor.

01:56:20.999 --> 01:56:23.875
The First Republic,
the Second Republic.

01:56:24.000 --> 01:56:25.917
That rebel spirit...

01:56:27.083 --> 01:56:29.000
is in Cartagena.

01:56:29.167 --> 01:56:32.167
It's true, as we said before,

01:56:32.333 --> 01:56:34.292
that maybe Francoism,

01:56:34.458 --> 01:56:37.208
the sociology of Francoism,

01:56:37.375 --> 01:56:39.333
smothered a little

01:56:39.542 --> 01:56:43.542
that history of struggle, but...

01:56:43.708 --> 01:56:45.458
To what point?

01:56:45.667 --> 01:56:48.708
Was it smothered
or was there real repression

01:56:48.875 --> 01:56:51.000
in the city after the Civil War?

01:56:51.167 --> 01:56:53.417
There was a major repression.

01:56:54.708 --> 01:56:57.208
The repression in Cartagena
was very harsh.

01:56:57.375 --> 01:57:00.250
If you take the summary trials,

01:57:02.083 --> 01:57:05.083
just in the province of Murcia

01:57:05.750 --> 01:57:07.208
there were 50,000 of them.

01:57:07.375 --> 01:57:09.708
And each wasn't just one person

01:57:09.875 --> 01:57:12.833
there were summary trials

01:57:12.999 --> 01:57:14.333
with 80 people accused.

01:57:14.542 --> 01:57:17.250
The repression in Cartagena
was very harsh

01:57:17.417 --> 01:57:20.042
and the army was responsible

01:57:20.208 --> 01:57:23.417
for the repression.

01:57:23.625 --> 01:57:27.542
In Cartagena the repression
was very tough

01:57:27.708 --> 01:57:30.417
and Admiral Bastarreche
made sure he did

01:57:30.625 --> 01:57:33.250
a good job as the enforcer

01:57:33.417 --> 01:57:34.708
of that repression.

01:57:34.875 --> 01:57:40.708
In Cartagena, if a shipyard worker
was to be shot,

01:57:40.875 --> 01:57:44.708
his co-workers were sent
to witness the execution,

01:57:44.875 --> 01:57:46.833
in the sports field of the arsenal.

01:57:46.999 --> 01:57:50.542
Plus, they'd send a musical group

01:57:50.708 --> 01:57:53.708
and while the executions occurred,
they'd play music.

01:57:55.000 --> 01:57:57.125
They'd put all the workers there

01:57:57.292 --> 01:58:01.042
so that they'd see
their co-worker being shot.

01:58:01.208 --> 01:58:04.000
-Until what year was the...?
-Until 1945.

01:58:05.042 --> 01:58:08.792
Until '45, the repression
was harsh in the city.

01:58:08.958 --> 01:58:12.792
But when you say 50,000 accused,
or 50,000 cases,

01:58:14.458 --> 01:58:18.458
not all were shot, sure,
but there were trials...

01:58:18.667 --> 01:58:21.792
Plus, absolutely all of them...

01:58:21.958 --> 01:58:23.583
were charged...

01:58:23.750 --> 01:58:26.583
under military code
with a military court.

01:58:27.375 --> 01:58:29.792
That happened all over Spain...
Thanks.

01:58:29.958 --> 01:58:33.292
It happened all over Spain, but...

01:58:33.458 --> 01:58:36.625
in Cartagena it was very harsh,
as I said. After all,

01:58:36.792 --> 01:58:38.792
to Francoism it was a city of reds.

01:58:38.958 --> 01:58:41.292
A city of reds
and a city that defended...

01:58:41.458 --> 01:58:44.083
The only naval base
left in the Republic

01:58:44.250 --> 01:58:48.958
defended tooth and nail
by the Republican Navy.

01:58:49.083 --> 01:58:52.292
Francoism was also unforgiving...

01:58:53.375 --> 01:58:57.125
Just before the war ended,
the Castillo de Olite was sunk...

01:58:57.292 --> 01:59:01.125
They entered the city,
thinking it had surrendered.

01:59:01.292 --> 01:59:03.042
The city hadn't surrendered.

01:59:03.208 --> 01:59:05.333
In the end, from La Parajola,

01:59:05.542 --> 01:59:08.125
bombardment and 1500 dead.

01:59:09.167 --> 01:59:11.875
My grandmother told me...

01:59:12.000 --> 01:59:15.125
It was grotesque. In the harbour
you'd see people floating,

01:59:17.667 --> 01:59:19.292
corpses floating in the sea.

01:59:19.458 --> 01:59:21.417
It's a tough story.

01:59:22.458 --> 01:59:24.125
I think that did some damage.

01:59:24.292 --> 01:59:28.000
And we all know that after
the Civil War the silence was long.

01:59:28.167 --> 01:59:32.125
For the repressed families
the silence of 40 years of Francoism

01:59:32.292 --> 01:59:34.917
was very long,
with things left undiscussed.

01:59:35.042 --> 01:59:38.500
I think that also happens
with the city's world view.

01:59:47.875 --> 01:59:49.708
One of my mother's grandfathers,

01:59:49.875 --> 01:59:52.167
a Communist Party leader in Spain,

01:59:52.333 --> 01:59:56.042
in the Civil War had to leave
Cartagena by ship

01:59:56.208 --> 01:59:59.708
and he died of hunger in France.

02:00:01.667 --> 02:00:03.208
That was kind of like...

02:00:03.375 --> 02:00:05.875
a reference point in my family

02:00:06.917 --> 02:00:09.583
to not get into trouble.

02:00:09.750 --> 02:00:13.625
When my granddad, a baker,
put on Pirenaica,

02:00:15.125 --> 02:00:18.125
my grandmother would say
"Turn down the radio,

02:00:18.292 --> 02:00:20.750
they'll hear you!" It was fear

02:00:21.833 --> 02:00:25.583
coming from that family event,

02:00:26.625 --> 02:00:29.458
my great-grandfather
who'd died in France

02:00:29.667 --> 02:00:33.125
escaping from the Civil War,
from Franco,

02:00:33.292 --> 02:00:34.708
at the end of the War.

02:00:36.875 --> 02:00:40.083
And at school, at 12 years of age,

02:00:41.167 --> 02:00:42.625
you're in class,

02:00:43.708 --> 02:00:47.208
you look out of the window
and see your father

02:00:47.375 --> 02:00:51.375
and all the workers at Bazán

02:00:52.042 --> 02:00:54.083
running down a riverbed

02:00:54.250 --> 02:00:56.667
with the cops behind beating them.

02:00:56.833 --> 02:00:58.999
When my father got home

02:00:59.125 --> 02:01:00.999
his back would be all bruised.

02:01:01.125 --> 02:01:03.917
He'd ask me:
"Kid, how's my back?"

02:01:04.042 --> 02:01:05.999
"It's all purple-coloured."

02:01:08.375 --> 02:01:10.250
It's what stays with you

02:01:10.417 --> 02:01:12.999
from when you were a kid.

02:01:13.125 --> 02:01:16.625
Our school was very close to Bazán.

02:01:16.792 --> 02:01:19.708
It was 100 metres from
the school to Bazán.

02:01:19.875 --> 02:01:23.375
When there was trouble, riots,
the Bazán workers that came out

02:01:23.583 --> 02:01:25.958
were our fathers
and we watched them.

02:01:26.083 --> 02:01:28.333
We were raised on that conflict
since we were kids.

02:01:36.125 --> 02:01:38.750
In '71 there was

02:01:38.917 --> 02:01:42.375
a fall of the Party in Cartagena,
there were no leaders left,

02:01:45.167 --> 02:01:48.083
and I chose a political option:

02:01:50.250 --> 02:01:53.292
I became a militant
in the Communist Party.

02:01:53.708 --> 02:01:56.792
I was a militant of the people

02:01:56.958 --> 02:02:00.333
and I've never felt sidelined

02:02:00.542 --> 02:02:02.750
because I'm a woman.

02:02:02.917 --> 02:02:05.125
I later saw that I was

02:02:05.292 --> 02:02:07.292
when I looked at
other aspects of feminism,

02:02:07.458 --> 02:02:10.125
but at the start I was unaware of it.

02:02:10.292 --> 02:02:12.625
I took responsibility for...

02:02:13.667 --> 02:02:15.208
that section of the Party,...

02:02:16.250 --> 02:02:19.708
a female comrade from Murcia,
who worked in the Rosell,

02:02:19.875 --> 02:02:20.958
and me.

02:02:21.083 --> 02:02:23.917
There was a need to create
the Democratic Movement of Women

02:02:24.042 --> 02:02:26.250
and open up that gap.

02:02:27.667 --> 02:02:30.208
And, well, we took it on.

02:02:31.958 --> 02:02:34.458
From then on,
I began to get interested

02:02:34.667 --> 02:02:36.083
and to realize

02:02:36.250 --> 02:02:39.333
that there were things
I didn't perceive.

02:02:42.375 --> 02:02:45.333
When you become a militant
in a party

02:02:45.542 --> 02:02:48.292
where 90% are men,

02:02:48.458 --> 02:02:53.042
99.9% are men,

02:02:53.208 --> 02:02:55.542
and you're accepted,
you don't realize that

02:02:55.708 --> 02:02:58.250
some think of certain things

02:02:58.417 --> 02:03:00.208
while others carry them out

02:03:00.375 --> 02:03:03.417
that there are feelings
and situations

02:03:03.625 --> 02:03:06.167
that are hard to debate about

02:03:06.333 --> 02:03:09.667
because the momentum
carried us along.

02:03:11.042 --> 02:03:14.333
So, for me,
the discovery of feminism

02:03:14.542 --> 02:03:18.125
is about becoming aware
that a society

02:03:18.292 --> 02:03:19.708
or any revolution

02:03:19.875 --> 02:03:23.833
will never be brought about

02:03:23.999 --> 02:03:26.917
unless it includes the values,

02:03:27.042 --> 02:03:29.417
the particular character

02:03:29.625 --> 02:03:33.750
that 52% of the population
can contribute.

02:03:34.292 --> 02:03:42.583
In September '76,
with the first legal demonstration.

02:03:44.167 --> 02:03:46.792
We brought out the women of Cartagena.

02:03:46.958 --> 02:03:50.667
The Democratic Movement of Women,

02:03:50.833 --> 02:03:54.292
the feminist collective,

02:03:54.458 --> 02:03:56.750
asked permission to hold
the first demonstration

02:03:56.917 --> 02:03:59.000
of some 1500 people.

02:03:59.250 --> 02:04:02.792
I remember one of the signs said:
"Water and power all day."

02:04:02.958 --> 02:04:05.750
There were power
and water restrictions

02:04:05.917 --> 02:04:09.250
during certain hours of the day.

02:04:12.875 --> 02:04:16.833
And if the sign said that,
a local feeling had been detected.

02:04:18.875 --> 02:04:21.999
In those neighbourhoods
there was

02:04:22.125 --> 02:04:24.292
more marginalization and poverty

02:04:24.458 --> 02:04:28.042
and no asphalt on the streets yet,
in almost no neighbourhood.

02:04:29.000 --> 02:04:31.042
In Concepción, my neighbourhood,

02:04:31.208 --> 02:04:33.625
the streets weren't paved.

02:04:33.792 --> 02:04:35.999
When it rained,
the hills being nearby,

02:04:36.125 --> 02:04:39.833
furrows formed in the streets
and you could even see the pipes.

02:04:39.999 --> 02:04:42.833
The residents had to fill them in.

02:04:42.999 --> 02:04:46.292
It was the 70s,

02:04:46.458 --> 02:04:49.292
but we still hadn't come out

02:04:49.458 --> 02:04:50.999
of a situation

02:04:51.125 --> 02:04:54.083
of poverty in the country.

02:04:54.750 --> 02:04:57.333
The 70s, despite this,

02:04:57.542 --> 02:05:00.333
were years of economic recovery
in Cartagena,

02:05:00.542 --> 02:05:02.958
we were beginning to...

02:05:04.125 --> 02:05:07.667
The industry of Cartagena
was still obsolete

02:05:07.833 --> 02:05:11.167
and autarchic, because the Regime
didn't allow any other kind.

02:05:11.333 --> 02:05:14.667
But it's not much more advanced now
than it was then,

02:05:14.833 --> 02:05:17.833
because the same parameters are there

02:05:17.999 --> 02:05:20.417
in terms of the problem

02:05:20.625 --> 02:05:22.292
of the environment and...

02:05:22.458 --> 02:05:25.792
I mean, the basic parameter

02:05:25.958 --> 02:05:29.708
is the gross domestic product
that they take away

02:05:29.875 --> 02:05:33.833
and little else. But anyway,

02:05:33.999 --> 02:05:36.417
there were some years of recovery.

02:05:36.625 --> 02:05:40.375
From 1986,
when we entered the EEC,

02:05:40.542 --> 02:05:47.750
what was progress for Spain

02:05:48.583 --> 02:05:51.583
was a step back for me.

02:05:52.708 --> 02:05:55.667
Entering the Community...

02:05:56.292 --> 02:06:00.417
underscored Spain's
economic problems,

02:06:02.042 --> 02:06:05.542
which dragged itself from
Francoism's autarchy,

02:06:05.708 --> 02:06:10.292
and the contradictions began
about competing in the markets.

02:06:12.375 --> 02:06:15.458
At the time they introduced the idea

02:06:15.667 --> 02:06:17.917
that we had to have a single currency.

02:06:18.042 --> 02:06:20.625
We didn't have to have
a single justice system in Europe,

02:06:20.792 --> 02:06:24.167
or compensation for the dismissal
of European workers,

02:06:24.333 --> 02:06:26.958
but we had to have a single currency

02:06:27.083 --> 02:06:31.000
where every country
that joined this club

02:06:31.167 --> 02:06:33.208
had to meet a set of requisites.

02:06:33.375 --> 02:06:36.375
It was what was called
in '92 and '93

02:06:36.583 --> 02:06:38.125
the Maastricht Agreements.

02:06:38.292 --> 02:06:39.625
That belonging to Europe

02:06:39.792 --> 02:06:42.208
from the perspective
of being in line with

02:06:42.375 --> 02:06:45.125
the European countries in rights

02:06:45.292 --> 02:06:47.250
was also an aspiration

02:06:47.417 --> 02:06:49.542
of the Communist Party of Spain.

02:06:49.708 --> 02:06:52.833
It's not that the Communist Party
and Comisiones Obreras

02:06:52.999 --> 02:06:56.083
rejected Europe,
but we wanted a Europe that was...

02:06:57.125 --> 02:06:58.458
homogenous.

02:06:58.667 --> 02:07:01.292
We wanted a Europe
in which Spain enjoyed

02:07:01.458 --> 02:07:04.875
the same labour conditions
as Germany, France,

02:07:05.000 --> 02:07:07.375
Belgium or Great Britain,

02:07:07.583 --> 02:07:10.333
to make progress in rights.

02:07:10.542 --> 02:07:13.083
But what we saw was that

02:07:13.250 --> 02:07:16.250
investment came from Europe
for infrastructure,

02:07:16.417 --> 02:07:18.667
for example, for road building.

02:07:18.833 --> 02:07:21.999
The EU's regional
development funds

02:07:22.125 --> 02:07:23.583
were used for that,

02:07:23.750 --> 02:07:26.083
while all the industry was dismantled.

02:07:26.250 --> 02:07:28.292
And we didn't agree with that.

02:07:28.583 --> 02:07:32.375
That narrative was offensive,
that narrative of modernity,

02:07:32.583 --> 02:07:34.833
of the Olympic Games,

02:07:34.999 --> 02:07:37.458
the Seville Expo.

02:07:37.667 --> 02:07:40.333
It was demonstrating to the world

02:07:40.542 --> 02:07:42.833
that Spain was making a big show.

02:07:42.999 --> 02:07:44.999
It was flaunting an economy

02:07:45.125 --> 02:07:47.333
that allowed us...

02:07:48.417 --> 02:07:50.042
certain luxuries,

02:07:51.375 --> 02:07:54.250
when here it was painful.

02:07:56.542 --> 02:07:58.125
It's the following:

02:07:58.292 --> 02:08:00.625
They say that

02:08:00.792 --> 02:08:04.792
they have a security zone
and this is it.

02:08:05.125 --> 02:08:08.167
-Where we are.
-The commission's going up.

02:08:08.333 --> 02:08:11.125
-The commission's going up.
-Some bastard...

02:08:11.292 --> 02:08:15.292
They're going to meet with
the president and the spokesmen.

02:08:15.583 --> 02:08:16.792
So...

02:08:19.125 --> 02:08:22.750
what they propose
is that our comrades

02:08:22.917 --> 02:08:25.958
wait for us here,
where those placards are.

02:08:26.083 --> 02:08:28.083
-No!
-We're not leaving here!

02:08:28.250 --> 02:08:31.250
I'm telling you... Comrades...

02:08:31.417 --> 02:08:33.625
-We want negotiation!
-Comrades...

02:08:33.792 --> 02:08:37.250
-We want negotiation.
-Hey, just a moment!

02:08:37.417 --> 02:08:38.708
Just a moment, damn it!

02:08:39.750 --> 02:08:41.708
-Please!
-Hey!

02:08:43.833 --> 02:08:45.250
Please, comrades.

02:08:46.292 --> 02:08:47.833
-Barrabas!
-Negotiation!

02:08:47.999 --> 02:08:50.292
-Will you shut up a moment?
-Shut up for a moment!

02:08:50.458 --> 02:08:51.625
-Hey!
-Don't shout.

02:08:51.792 --> 02:08:54.167
I say that if they let us go,

02:08:54.333 --> 02:08:56.542
we'll meet with the Bazán people.
We're not leaving.

02:08:56.708 --> 02:09:00.708
They let us meet the Bazán people
or we're not leaving here.

02:09:00.875 --> 02:09:03.250
-It's an alternative.
-We came in peace, guys!

02:09:07.792 --> 02:09:09.083
Sons of bitches!

02:09:14.417 --> 02:09:17.333
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:17.542 --> 02:09:20.750
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:20.917 --> 02:09:23.875
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:24.000 --> 02:09:26.875
They will not close... the foundry!

02:09:32.417 --> 02:09:34.000
Fuck, they got me!

02:09:50.750 --> 02:09:52.792
Sons of bitches!

02:09:52.958 --> 02:09:55.917
-Look, look!
-Sons of bitches!

02:10:00.833 --> 02:10:03.750
We came in peace, man!

02:10:14.999 --> 02:10:16.125
Lies!

02:11:28.458 --> 02:11:32.458
Throw it at him, at him!
Go on, throw it!

02:11:32.667 --> 02:11:34.625
Don't just stand there, throw it!

02:12:22.958 --> 02:12:26.958
AGAINST THE CRISIS,
WORKER UNITY AND STRUGGLE

02:12:39.042 --> 02:12:40.083
Sheep!

02:13:08.917 --> 02:13:12.167
REFUSE MILTARY SERVICE

02:13:12.333 --> 02:13:15.125
Sons of bitches!

02:13:15.917 --> 02:13:17.583
Sons of bitches!

02:13:18.667 --> 02:13:20.542
Sons of bitches!

02:13:23.417 --> 02:13:33.042
HERE THE LIGHT OF THE GOSPEL
WAS BORN FOR SPAIN

02:15:10.750 --> 02:15:13.042
The oil crises of 1973 and 1978
caused a change

02:15:13.208 --> 02:15:16.292
in the industrial productive model
of the Western countries.

02:15:16.458 --> 02:15:19.917
The policies of deindustrialization
would be applied later in Spain

02:15:20.042 --> 02:15:23.250
because the country was in the middle
of the transition process

02:15:23.417 --> 02:15:27.000
from the dictatorship of Francisco Franco
to a parliamentary monarchy.

02:15:27.167 --> 02:15:30.208
The conversion measures
of the vast Spanish industrial sector

02:15:30.375 --> 02:15:33.708
were carried out in the decade
of the 80s by the Socialist Party.

02:15:33.875 --> 02:15:37.000
The application of these measures was,
in addition, a requisite

02:15:37.167 --> 02:15:40.667
of the European Economic Community,
which Spain would enter in 1986.

02:15:40.833 --> 02:15:44.292
The conversion affected hundreds
of thousands of jobs all over Spain.

02:15:44.458 --> 02:15:46.167
The restructuring would take place

02:15:46.333 --> 02:15:49.875
through the modernization
of installations, privatization or closure.

02:15:50.875 --> 02:15:53.917
At the end of 1991 the city of Cartagena
faced a systemic crisis

02:15:54.042 --> 02:15:56.708
due to the threat of a chain of shutdowns
of various factories.

02:15:56.875 --> 02:15:58.458
Santa Lucía Lead Smelter.

02:15:58.625 --> 02:16:01.999
Belonging to the Sociedad Minero Metalúrgica
Peñarroya, founded in 1881

02:16:02.125 --> 02:16:04.958
with French capital
and with work centres all over Spain.

02:16:05.083 --> 02:16:08.042
It had been sold to the French-German
multinational Metaleurop,

02:16:08.208 --> 02:16:11.292
which decided on proceedings
for the total termination of jobs.

02:16:11.458 --> 02:16:13.625
Fesa, Enfersa and Asur,
fertilizer producers.

02:16:13.792 --> 02:16:17.125
They had been sold by the Ministry
of Industry to the Ercros/Kio group,

02:16:17.292 --> 02:16:21.625
which had ceased to pay its suppliers
and planned on eliminating several work centres.

02:16:21.792 --> 02:16:22.833
Empresa Nacional Bazán.

02:16:22.999 --> 02:16:26.875
A shipyard of the Spanish Navy present in Ferrol,
Cádiz and Cartagena since 1751.

02:16:27.000 --> 02:16:30.250
The Cartagena factory faced alone
Employment Regulation Proceedings

02:16:30.417 --> 02:16:34.125
that foresaw the dismantling of the factory
and affected half of the staff.

02:16:37.250 --> 02:16:39.625
LEAD FOUNDRY
SANTA LUCÍA-PEÑARROYA

02:16:39.792 --> 02:16:43.042
We never wanted to believe
it would happen.

02:16:43.208 --> 02:16:43.917
Sure.

02:16:44.042 --> 02:16:45.375
We did all the actions,

02:16:45.583 --> 02:16:48.292
all the demonstrations,
all the mobilizations.

02:16:48.667 --> 02:16:51.708
We did everything imaginable

02:16:51.875 --> 02:16:55.000
to avoid the chaos and catastrophe

02:16:55.167 --> 02:16:56.750
that it meant for all of us.

02:16:57.458 --> 02:17:00.375
When did you see that
the company was in danger?

02:17:00.583 --> 02:17:03.500
-When did you think...?
-I never saw it.

02:17:03.667 --> 02:17:06.708
It was closed,
I never saw it or believed it.

02:17:06.875 --> 02:17:09.833
When Peñarroya merged
with the Germans,

02:17:09.999 --> 02:17:12.917
who created Metaleurop,
we started to...

02:17:13.042 --> 02:17:15.750
What year was it? '88? '89?

02:17:17.250 --> 02:17:21.125
-'89-90. Around there.
-Yes, '89-90.

02:17:21.292 --> 02:17:24.833
Imagine: We were working
in a place

02:17:24.999 --> 02:17:26.583
that gave us our daily bread,

02:17:26.750 --> 02:17:29.708
where we did our jobs,

02:17:29.875 --> 02:17:33.292
where we understood,
at a technical level,

02:17:33.458 --> 02:17:37.250
that with certain measures
air pollution could be avoided.

02:17:37.417 --> 02:17:40.583
And at a social level,
because we all have worker

02:17:40.750 --> 02:17:42.208
and citizen consciousness,

02:17:42.375 --> 02:17:45.667
we were fighting against
the same air pollution.

02:17:46.167 --> 02:17:48.292
So, working in the foundry...

02:17:48.458 --> 02:17:51.042
I don't know if you recall,
I wasn't on the committee,

02:17:51.208 --> 02:17:54.208
Rebollo called me in
just to "rattle" me

02:17:54.375 --> 02:17:56.583
in front of the company committee.

02:17:56.750 --> 02:17:59.125
You guys weren't on
the committee yet,

02:17:59.292 --> 02:18:02.917
but it was to scare us, saying:
"You're going to lose your jobs

02:18:03.042 --> 02:18:07.167
because the Council wants
to watch us closely."

02:18:07.458 --> 02:18:11.042
There was even the contradiction
that I was on duty

02:18:11.208 --> 02:18:14.083
in the foundry

02:18:14.250 --> 02:18:17.667
and my wife and two children

02:18:17.833 --> 02:18:21.833
were in the other part
accusing us of poisoning them.

02:18:22.042 --> 02:18:25.000
You had to swallow
these contradictions...

02:18:25.167 --> 02:18:28.000
...and I did.

02:18:28.167 --> 02:18:31.250
But one issue that you always
conveyed to us was that

02:18:31.417 --> 02:18:33.208
it was implausible

02:18:33.375 --> 02:18:35.667
to think that the company
was in danger

02:18:35.833 --> 02:18:39.292
while it was investing
a lot of money.

02:18:39.458 --> 02:18:42.417
What were the improvements
the company was introducing?

02:18:42.625 --> 02:18:45.708
Technology, for instance.

02:18:45.875 --> 02:18:49.708
Even on the day of closure,
we switched...

02:18:49.875 --> 02:18:52.042
from fuel oil,

02:18:52.208 --> 02:18:55.292
with a high sulphur content,
to natural gas.

02:18:55.458 --> 02:18:58.708
That was another
multi-million investment.

02:18:59.875 --> 02:19:02.792
We put in gas burners
and automation

02:19:04.083 --> 02:19:05.542
a fortnight before

02:19:05.708 --> 02:19:09.417
in the last two boilers down the end.

02:19:09.625 --> 02:19:12.917
So, up to the last moment
they were investing

02:19:13.042 --> 02:19:15.750
and looking to fight pollution too.

02:19:15.917 --> 02:19:18.875
I don't know if
it was confidentially or not,

02:19:19.000 --> 02:19:22.125
but they continued to present
studies to the Council

02:19:22.292 --> 02:19:25.000
and the Autonomous Community,
asking for subsidies

02:19:25.167 --> 02:19:27.958
to carry on fighting pollution.

02:19:28.083 --> 02:19:30.833
Though you were anxious inside,

02:19:30.999 --> 02:19:32.999
you always held out hope.

02:19:33.125 --> 02:19:35.167
We fought so hard because

02:19:35.333 --> 02:19:37.292
we didn't believe
it was going to close,

02:19:37.458 --> 02:19:41.125
or we would've accepted defeat.
And we weren't defeated.

02:19:41.417 --> 02:19:44.833
We told them to keep the dismissal
compensation so we could keep working,

02:19:44.999 --> 02:19:47.083
starting from scratch,

02:19:47.250 --> 02:19:48.999
that the money was for that purpose.

02:19:49.125 --> 02:19:50.917
They never agreed to that,

02:19:51.042 --> 02:19:53.208
they wanted to destroy the foundry.

02:19:53.375 --> 02:19:56.042
There couldn't be
a competing foundry.

02:19:56.208 --> 02:19:59.125
Their studies were certain,
their decision had been taken.

02:19:59.292 --> 02:20:03.250
Lead, at the time,
had to be made in Germany

02:20:03.417 --> 02:20:07.125
and not in Spain. This had to be
crushed no matter what.

02:20:07.542 --> 02:20:11.542
We held 186 or 187 demonstrations

02:20:12.375 --> 02:20:16.208
from January to June,

02:20:16.375 --> 02:20:18.542
June 10th, when it closed.

02:20:18.708 --> 02:20:21.583
We held 186 demonstrations
around the city,

02:20:21.750 --> 02:20:25.750
some in Murcia and one in Madrid.

02:20:25.917 --> 02:20:27.542
And one in Madrid.

02:20:27.708 --> 02:20:31.542
Of these, 117 were continuous,
not a day was missed.

02:20:31.917 --> 02:20:35.333
We'd walked so often down the road,

02:20:35.542 --> 02:20:37.999
telling the cars to turn around,

02:20:38.125 --> 02:20:40.792
that there was a demonstration
and who we were that,

02:20:40.958 --> 02:20:43.833
when it all closed

02:20:43.999 --> 02:20:47.042
and we were "normal" people,
I'd still walk

02:20:47.208 --> 02:20:49.999
down the middle of the road
and my kids would grab me:

02:20:50.125 --> 02:20:53.333
"Get on the pavement,
you'll get run over."

02:20:54.250 --> 02:20:56.958
-That was the road we took...
-That was the route.

02:20:57.083 --> 02:21:01.000
...we set out on for the mobilization.

02:21:01.167 --> 02:21:02.958
We were the company

02:21:03.083 --> 02:21:05.292
that held the most mobilizations.

02:21:05.458 --> 02:21:08.958
Among these lies, fallacies,
deceit and the whole story,

02:21:10.958 --> 02:21:13.333
the conflict emerged,

02:21:13.542 --> 02:21:16.999
the desire to set fire to
what was in the way.

02:21:17.125 --> 02:21:20.583
Our job was at stake
and the bread for our children.

02:21:20.750 --> 02:21:23.042
And this kidding around

02:21:23.208 --> 02:21:24.999
and this playing with us

02:21:25.125 --> 02:21:28.167
by the company, the politicians,
by everybody,

02:21:28.333 --> 02:21:31.583
raised, increased the...

02:21:31.750 --> 02:21:35.417
There was trouble with Renfe,
with cutting off the streets,

02:21:35.625 --> 02:21:38.250
-with the burning of the parliament.
-Everything.

02:21:38.417 --> 02:21:42.083
It all came together: the regulation
proceedings of Bazán, Ercros,

02:21:42.250 --> 02:21:45.750
CAMISA, who fired all the workers...

02:21:45.917 --> 02:21:49.292
It all came together.
And it was all unleashed.

02:21:49.458 --> 02:21:52.542
And the escalation was suicidal,

02:21:52.708 --> 02:21:55.667
because after the parliament burning,
other things weren't covered.

02:21:55.833 --> 02:21:59.375
This guy was going
to get 20 years in jail

02:21:59.583 --> 02:22:01.292
because we set fire to Renfe

02:22:01.458 --> 02:22:05.125
and for 3 or 4 days no trains
came into Cartagena.

02:22:05.292 --> 02:22:08.542
We burnt the whole station.
Subsequent to that,

02:22:08.708 --> 02:22:11.250
we cut off the soldiers...
In Cartagena,

02:22:11.417 --> 02:22:13.917
we stopped people
from boarding three ships,

02:22:14.042 --> 02:22:16.625
because we cut off
the road to the port

02:22:16.792 --> 02:22:18.750
and they didn't want
to take them on boats.

02:22:18.917 --> 02:22:21.583
Not one soldier got past there.

02:22:21.750 --> 02:22:24.625
The Guardia Civil had to kill us
if they wanted them to cross.

02:22:24.792 --> 02:22:26.292
They were watching the escalation.

02:22:26.458 --> 02:22:29.708
We set tyres on fire in the tunnel...

02:22:29.875 --> 02:22:31.292
If we'd carried on like that...

02:22:31.458 --> 02:22:34.958
I feel bad about that
and later regretted it.

02:22:35.083 --> 02:22:37.750
We were becoming true terrorists,

02:22:37.917 --> 02:22:39.917
we did whatever we had to.

02:22:44.999 --> 02:22:47.750
I was 25 at the time

02:22:47.917 --> 02:22:50.667
and saw that all my co-workers
were very nervous.

02:22:50.833 --> 02:22:53.250
As I was the youngest,
I didn't have the fear

02:22:53.417 --> 02:22:56.750
that I saw in the men
of 40 or 50 years old

02:22:56.917 --> 02:23:00.083
who until this time were relaxed,
comfortable, happy

02:23:00.250 --> 02:23:01.333
and secure.

02:23:01.542 --> 02:23:05.167
I began to see insecurity,
unhappiness and nervousness.

02:23:05.333 --> 02:23:07.792
I began to see a lot of
sickness, social unrest,

02:23:07.958 --> 02:23:11.833
nervous, restless people.

02:23:11.999 --> 02:23:14.250
All conversation revolved around that.

02:23:14.417 --> 02:23:16.875
Joy had gone,
now there was fear.

02:23:17.000 --> 02:23:21.000
There was constant unrest
and it showed in everything,

02:23:21.167 --> 02:23:24.667
even at the football.
Signs appeared at the football

02:23:24.833 --> 02:23:27.958
that they'd closed
some company or other.

02:23:28.083 --> 02:23:31.250
You'd walk around Cartagena
and see guys

02:23:31.417 --> 02:23:34.208
who'd held up signs because
another company was closed.

02:23:34.375 --> 02:23:37.417
There were 127 demonstrations
in 180 days.

02:23:37.625 --> 02:23:39.583
Check it out. That's a ton.

02:23:39.750 --> 02:23:41.375
127 mobilizations

02:23:41.583 --> 02:23:44.083
in 180 days, no less.

02:23:44.250 --> 02:23:46.542
There was something every day.
In the morning or evening,

02:23:46.708 --> 02:23:50.583
on one street or another,
one group or another, or together.

02:23:50.958 --> 02:23:52.833
People didn't jump at the first scare.

02:23:52.999 --> 02:23:55.667
We endured one set of proceedings,
than another...

02:23:55.833 --> 02:23:58.292
They weren't as traumatic,

02:23:58.458 --> 02:24:00.375
people were retiring

02:24:00.583 --> 02:24:03.292
or you were put on the dole
a few months, certain you'd be back.

02:24:03.458 --> 02:24:06.292
They'd put you on the dole
for 3 or 4 months,

02:24:06.458 --> 02:24:09.708
you were the famous "regulated ones",
on work regulation,

02:24:09.875 --> 02:24:11.999
and they'd say: "You, in January,
February and March don't come."

02:24:12.125 --> 02:24:14.792
You were paid the dole,
you'd lose out a little...

02:24:15.958 --> 02:24:19.917
but you could take it.
The problem wasn't the first, second...

02:24:20.042 --> 02:24:22.458
but the sixth proceedings,

02:24:22.667 --> 02:24:26.667
when you'd used up
all the unemployment benefits.

02:24:26.917 --> 02:24:30.750
There was a risk of even
losing unemployment benefits

02:24:30.917 --> 02:24:33.708
and the next step was the abyss,
complete loss of employment,

02:24:33.875 --> 02:24:37.792
that they'd fire you,
having used up your benefits.

02:24:37.958 --> 02:24:40.833
The Ferrol, Cartagena and San Fernando
shipyards began to fight each other,

02:24:40.999 --> 02:24:44.999
the three factories where
the old Bazán is set up,

02:24:45.167 --> 02:24:47.083
for the little work there was.

02:24:47.250 --> 02:24:48.708
That's when politics came in.

02:24:48.875 --> 02:24:51.083
In Galicia
they had Manuel Fraga Iribarne,

02:24:51.250 --> 02:24:53.375
the president of
the Galician Government,

02:24:53.583 --> 02:24:57.458
a heavyweight in the Partido Popular
that Moncloa was afraid of.

02:24:57.667 --> 02:25:01.125
In Cádiz they had Carmen Romero,
the wife of the President.

02:25:02.458 --> 02:25:05.667
She was untouchable too.
That left Cartagena. Who did we have?

02:25:05.833 --> 02:25:08.667
The President of Murcia,
Carlos Collado Mena,

02:25:08.833 --> 02:25:10.208
who had no clout in Madrid.

02:25:10.375 --> 02:25:12.833
He simply had no clout in Madrid.

02:25:13.125 --> 02:25:16.792
Murcia had no clout among
the autonomous communities

02:25:16.958 --> 02:25:20.083
in the Spanish state
and our interests weren't a priority.

02:25:20.250 --> 02:25:23.042
There had to be Employment
Regulation Proceedings? For whom?

02:25:23.208 --> 02:25:25.042
Exclusively, the Cartagena factory,

02:25:25.208 --> 02:25:27.917
while the factories of Ferrol
and Cádiz were saved.

02:25:28.417 --> 02:25:30.917
All this built up rage
and frustration in you,

02:25:31.042 --> 02:25:33.792
in the final months of '91,
where not only the worker

02:25:33.958 --> 02:25:36.917
but the Cartagena citizen,
was watching their city getting fucked.

02:25:37.999 --> 02:25:40.958
They're ruining the city,
the whole city was under attack.

02:25:41.083 --> 02:25:44.042
It's important to understand this
because it explains what happened later.

02:25:44.208 --> 02:25:47.333
It wasn't just one workers' group,
the entire citizenry

02:25:47.542 --> 02:25:50.792
felt under attack.
The businesses and bars saw

02:25:50.958 --> 02:25:53.875
that if the city's salaries were lost,
they'd lose their income too.

02:25:54.000 --> 02:25:57.125
So there was a real solidarity,
it wasn't a tall tale.

02:25:57.292 --> 02:26:00.333
The bars and small businesses said:

02:26:00.542 --> 02:26:03.417
"There can't be one closing
after another."

02:26:03.625 --> 02:26:06.583
There was a collective feeling
of being crushed,

02:26:06.750 --> 02:26:09.208
which worsened because it was '92.

02:26:09.375 --> 02:26:12.042
'92 was the lavish,
wonderful year of Spain:

02:26:12.292 --> 02:26:14.125
the Barcelona Olympics

02:26:14.292 --> 02:26:16.417
and the Seville Expo.

02:26:16.625 --> 02:26:19.625
All very pretty, a country
all rosy, a wonderland.

02:26:19.792 --> 02:26:22.999
And your city was fucked
and they were ruining your life.

02:26:23.125 --> 02:26:25.417
You'd turn on the TV
and it was a wonderland.

02:26:25.625 --> 02:26:29.167
Barcelona 92, Seville 92
and you say "What about Cartagena?

02:26:29.333 --> 02:26:31.917
And Huelva? And Vigo?
And Sagunto, what?"

02:26:32.042 --> 02:26:35.708
They say nothing unites people
like adversity. That's true.

02:26:35.875 --> 02:26:38.208
Since we were fucked,
we got together.

02:26:38.375 --> 02:26:41.917
You'll have seen the videos,
the songs in the demonstrations.

02:26:42.042 --> 02:26:44.250
There was always
some kidding, some humour.

02:26:45.292 --> 02:26:48.167
The first weeks that prevailed,

02:26:48.333 --> 02:26:50.250
but as the conflict got harsher,

02:26:50.417 --> 02:26:52.542
that humour turned to fear,

02:26:52.708 --> 02:26:54.958
and fear turns to anger,
anger turns to violence.

02:26:55.999 --> 02:26:58.875
You end up in a ball of violence
you don't want to be in.

02:26:59.000 --> 02:27:01.792
You don't want to be in it,
but you're in a mob

02:27:01.958 --> 02:27:04.167
that's throwing rocks at
the police, breaking glass

02:27:04.333 --> 02:27:06.833
or setting fire to skips
and you're in it saying:

02:27:06.999 --> 02:27:09.083
"Fuck, where am I?"
It can't be any other way,

02:27:09.250 --> 02:27:12.000
the people setting fire
to a skip are right,

02:27:12.167 --> 02:27:14.708
the people breaking glass are right,

02:27:15.708 --> 02:27:18.333
as are the people throwing rocks
at that poor cop,

02:27:18.542 --> 02:27:21.375
because he's as unfortunate
as we are, damn it.

02:27:21.583 --> 02:27:24.999
But the guy hitting the cop
is right, that's the way it is.

02:27:25.125 --> 02:27:28.542
You justify things that in normal
circumstances, you wouldn't.

02:27:28.708 --> 02:27:31.000
You had to because it was
the bread of your children,

02:27:31.167 --> 02:27:33.167
your brother, your cousin,
your father, your neighbours.

02:27:46.417 --> 02:27:48.125
How did it all start?

02:27:48.292 --> 02:27:51.375
The city had a lot of large firms

02:27:51.667 --> 02:27:54.250
with a national reach.

02:27:54.417 --> 02:27:57.292
We're talking about something
called the INI,

02:27:57.750 --> 02:27:59.708
which had a load of companies.

02:28:00.250 --> 02:28:03.167
The Instituto Nacional de Industria
were public companies

02:28:03.333 --> 02:28:06.083
where the workers
were public workers

02:28:06.250 --> 02:28:08.250
and were thus considered
civil servants.

02:28:08.417 --> 02:28:11.250
I never liked that the workers
in these industries

02:28:11.417 --> 02:28:13.917
were considered civil servants.

02:28:14.042 --> 02:28:18.000
They felt that security.

02:28:18.167 --> 02:28:22.167
We had Bazán, we had mining

02:28:22.333 --> 02:28:24.417
from the period of the Romans,

02:28:24.625 --> 02:28:26.958
we had lead smelting,

02:28:27.083 --> 02:28:31.042
we had a factory devoted to zinc,

02:28:31.208 --> 02:28:34.333
the Española del Zinc,
which also produced sulphurs.

02:28:34.542 --> 02:28:37.000
Then we had three
major centres of fertilizers

02:28:37.167 --> 02:28:41.999
that covered a range of
fertilizer-related products.

02:28:42.125 --> 02:28:46.792
"Fertilizers" were classified

02:28:46.958 --> 02:28:48.875
as a strategic sector,

02:28:49.000 --> 02:28:52.750
that is, it had special protection
because in Spain

02:28:52.917 --> 02:28:56.542
agriculture is still

02:28:56.708 --> 02:28:58.417
a large part of the GDP.

02:28:58.625 --> 02:29:02.208
What was the aim of making
"Fertilizers" a strategic sector?

02:29:02.375 --> 02:29:04.917
The aim was that
the prices of fertilizers

02:29:05.042 --> 02:29:08.250
for farmers were controlled

02:29:08.417 --> 02:29:10.667
in such a way that
agricultural production

02:29:10.833 --> 02:29:13.292
didn't depend on rising
or falling prices.

02:29:14.333 --> 02:29:17.333
The time
for industrial reconversion came,

02:29:17.542 --> 02:29:20.958
we joined the European agreements,

02:29:21.083 --> 02:29:23.625
and it was decided that
sector had to be reconverted.

02:29:24.000 --> 02:29:27.292
So a plan was made,
a plan negotiated

02:29:27.458 --> 02:29:30.208
between the Government,

02:29:30.375 --> 02:29:32.542
businesses and unions

02:29:32.708 --> 02:29:35.083
to restructure

02:29:35.250 --> 02:29:37.417
or reconvert the sector
in a rational way.

02:29:37.625 --> 02:29:41.625
This sector had direct employment
of over 100,000 people.

02:29:42.042 --> 02:29:43.458
It was no joke.

02:29:44.292 --> 02:29:48.292
What was done?
There were concentrations of companies,

02:29:48.875 --> 02:29:52.375
some closing, others opening,

02:29:52.583 --> 02:29:55.708
the modernization of facilities,
there were retirements...

02:29:55.875 --> 02:29:59.000
An industrial plan was made

02:29:59.167 --> 02:30:00.625
on development and employment.

02:30:00.792 --> 02:30:03.708
The basic aim?
To maintain the sector,

02:30:03.875 --> 02:30:06.875
a strong Spanish fertilizer sector
so that agriculture in Spain

02:30:07.000 --> 02:30:09.458
was not subject to

02:30:09.667 --> 02:30:11.208
the ups and downs of the market...

02:30:12.250 --> 02:30:14.958
and at the same time
to rationalize as much as possible.

02:30:17.125 --> 02:30:20.750
I remember in summer 1990

02:30:21.792 --> 02:30:24.583
I was in a camping ground,

02:30:24.750 --> 02:30:26.750
having a quiet summer,
excited because

02:30:26.917 --> 02:30:29.375
we'd just signed the Industrial
Employment and Development Plan,

02:30:29.583 --> 02:30:31.999
the PIDE, as it was known.

02:30:32.125 --> 02:30:35.833
I'd gone on holiday with my family
to Bolnuevo, in Mazarrón.

02:30:36.875 --> 02:30:39.999
We were camping there,
with my two little ones,

02:30:40.125 --> 02:30:43.417
and I'd get up early every morning
to buy the paper.

02:30:43.625 --> 02:30:46.125
I liked going to the beach
at 8:30.

02:30:46.292 --> 02:30:49.083
I was there at 8:30,
sitting and reading,

02:30:49.250 --> 02:30:52.583
and I see that KIO
has landed in Spain...

02:30:53.625 --> 02:30:56.375
and bought Explosivos Río Tinto.

02:30:56.583 --> 02:30:58.999
It was the largest

02:30:59.125 --> 02:31:01.417
chemical group in the country.

02:31:01.750 --> 02:31:03.917
KIO was a major investment group,

02:31:04.042 --> 02:31:06.958
but very much a speculator.

02:31:07.083 --> 02:31:10.875
In fact, when they went to England,
Thatcher...

02:31:12.333 --> 02:31:16.125
from the English "communist" party...
Remember her?

02:31:16.292 --> 02:31:17.375
Well, Thatcher,

02:31:17.583 --> 02:31:20.458
influenced by her "communist" ideas,

02:31:20.667 --> 02:31:23.958
decided that they couldn't have
over 25% of any place.

02:31:24.958 --> 02:31:27.917
Here they were told
they could do what they wanted,

02:31:28.042 --> 02:31:29.792
and they took most of it.

02:31:29.958 --> 02:31:31.583
And the Government,
good old Solchaga,

02:31:33.333 --> 02:31:35.792
decided...

02:31:37.000 --> 02:31:40.167
"Why don't they take
the whole sector?"

02:31:40.750 --> 02:31:43.167
Just imagine what
that meant for people who,

02:31:43.333 --> 02:31:46.250
up to the day before,
had been part of the INI,

02:31:48.042 --> 02:31:51.000
who'd signed agreements
as a part of the INI.

02:31:52.833 --> 02:31:56.542
They'd signed agreements with
the Ministry of Industry.

02:31:56.708 --> 02:31:58.417
And so had we,

02:31:58.625 --> 02:32:01.458
the private part as well.

02:32:02.792 --> 02:32:06.208
And it was all lost.
Suddenly these fellows turn up,

02:32:07.333 --> 02:32:09.917
they keep the 60 billion pesetas,

02:32:10.042 --> 02:32:12.542
they don't concentrate the firms,

02:32:12.708 --> 02:32:14.917
they don't invest,

02:32:15.042 --> 02:32:18.042
and then, by chance,

02:32:18.208 --> 02:32:22.000
they propose early sackings
in those fertilizer companies.

02:32:22.167 --> 02:32:25.917
They're very old companies,
very much inside the old section.

02:32:26.042 --> 02:32:28.792
KIO presents work regulation

02:32:28.958 --> 02:32:33.625
for all those with land in the cities
that could be sold.

02:32:34.167 --> 02:32:35.708
Imagine it:

02:32:35.875 --> 02:32:39.833
the negotiating tables don't work,

02:32:39.999 --> 02:32:43.667
the reports from Employment

02:32:43.833 --> 02:32:46.125
are all negative for the Proceedings

02:32:46.292 --> 02:32:48.000
because the work inspectors

02:32:48.167 --> 02:32:50.667
knew there were commitments
that had to be met.

02:32:50.833 --> 02:32:54.083
When you buy a company,
you buy workers and commitments,

02:32:54.250 --> 02:32:57.125
just as you purchase the debts
and keep the profits.

02:32:57.292 --> 02:32:59.458
You buy everything.

02:32:59.917 --> 02:33:02.750
The reconversion was done on paper...

02:33:03.875 --> 02:33:06.042
and it was all proper.

02:33:06.208 --> 02:33:09.250
Then KIO turned up

02:33:09.417 --> 02:33:12.708
and made good old De la Rosa
its boss in Spain.

02:33:12.875 --> 02:33:14.792
I'll say it again, he's a crook.

02:33:14.958 --> 02:33:17.999
I said he was then
and I'll say it now...

02:33:18.125 --> 02:33:20.292
He's a real crook.

02:33:20.458 --> 02:33:23.625
I didn't feel bad at all
when he asked to leave prison

02:33:23.792 --> 02:33:25.458
because he was really sick.

02:33:26.542 --> 02:33:29.292
I would've taken him to see
all the people he hurt,

02:33:29.458 --> 02:33:32.167
because lots of people
had to go to mental hospitals,

02:33:32.333 --> 02:33:36.625
they had to stop their kids
from finishing degrees,

02:33:36.792 --> 02:33:39.458
or if they studied abroad,
they had to come back.

02:33:39.667 --> 02:33:43.625
People get sick when they
haven't made any money in 3 months,

02:33:43.792 --> 02:33:47.083
while he's on a yacht
worth millions of euros

02:33:47.250 --> 02:33:49.667
going down the Cantabrian coast.

02:33:51.042 --> 02:33:54.250
Imagine how little I cared
that the fucker was sick.

02:33:54.417 --> 02:33:57.750
Excuse the expression,
but he deserves it.

02:33:58.792 --> 02:34:00.458
It could've been done right.

02:34:00.667 --> 02:34:04.083
In fact, it was set up
to be done right.

02:34:04.250 --> 02:34:08.083
The thing is, I get it,

02:34:08.250 --> 02:34:09.708
the rush to join Europe...

02:34:09.875 --> 02:34:13.875
And I'm not denying the importance
of Spain joining Europe.

02:34:14.375 --> 02:34:16.292
People my age

02:34:16.458 --> 02:34:19.417
knew the Spain of '75
and how it is now.

02:34:19.625 --> 02:34:22.417
You can't compare the infrastructure,

02:34:23.875 --> 02:34:27.875
the hospitals, lots of services,
universities and such.

02:34:28.000 --> 02:34:30.000
We made a huge leap forward.

02:34:30.875 --> 02:34:34.167
We started to go out and protest

02:34:34.333 --> 02:34:35.917
about the situation.

02:34:36.042 --> 02:34:38.750
If I'm out for 150 days

02:34:39.792 --> 02:34:41.833
demonstrating peacefully...

02:34:43.000 --> 02:34:45.583
and I get silence as an answer...

02:34:45.750 --> 02:34:48.417
I go to see the person
who represents me,

02:34:48.625 --> 02:34:52.125
which was, unfortunately,
a long-standing friend of mine,

02:34:52.292 --> 02:34:54.042
José Antonio Alonso,

02:34:55.375 --> 02:35:01.833
the Mayor of Cartagena,
wasn't responsible for

02:35:01.999 --> 02:35:04.042
the non-fulfilment of the plans.

02:35:05.167 --> 02:35:08.542
All he's responsible for is
taking the side of citizens

02:35:08.708 --> 02:35:11.083
and saying: "I'm with you,
I support you,

02:35:11.250 --> 02:35:13.542
and any way I can
I'm going to request

02:35:13.708 --> 02:35:16.458
that the agreements are fulfilled."
That's all he had to do.

02:35:16.667 --> 02:35:20.625
If he turns his back
and won't meet with you...

02:35:20.792 --> 02:35:22.958
It's not that we won't meet you,
he hides away.

02:35:25.083 --> 02:35:27.750
One day he arranged to
meet us in the Council.

02:35:27.917 --> 02:35:30.250
The Municipal Police tell us:

02:35:30.417 --> 02:35:34.292
"Paco, he's upstairs,
but he's hiding in his office."

02:35:34.458 --> 02:35:37.792
He lets me into the Council
through a side entrance,

02:35:37.958 --> 02:35:40.999
I go up to his office,
and talk him into coming down.

02:35:41.125 --> 02:35:42.917
It's filmed on TeleCartagena.

02:35:43.042 --> 02:35:45.208
He comes down with me
to read a statement

02:35:45.375 --> 02:35:47.999
the we'd drafted two days before

02:35:48.125 --> 02:35:51.417
and he couldn't because
his hands were shaking.

02:35:51.625 --> 02:35:53.750
He was a Socialist mayor

02:35:53.917 --> 02:35:56.833
who was with friends
of 20 or 30 years

02:35:57.999 --> 02:36:00.042
to talk to the workers.

02:36:00.208 --> 02:36:03.833
Over half of them there
had voted for him...

02:36:04.875 --> 02:36:08.167
and he was hiding because
he was following superior orders.

02:36:09.292 --> 02:36:12.875
Do you know how a guy feels
when he's in that situation?

02:36:14.875 --> 02:36:18.875
Do you know how he feels,
a family man, 4 kids, 49 years old,

02:36:19.333 --> 02:36:22.458
who fought for 20 years
against Francoism,

02:36:22.667 --> 02:36:25.792
who has a Socialist
or Comisiones Obreras card,

02:36:25.958 --> 02:36:30.000
in front of the guy who voted for him
because he was left-wing,

02:36:30.167 --> 02:36:32.833
and this mayor is hiding
in his office?

02:36:32.999 --> 02:36:36.375
Do you know how that feels?
It's terrifying.

02:36:38.208 --> 02:36:41.000
You feel like you've been
deceived your whole life,

02:36:41.167 --> 02:36:43.875
that the time you spent in jail
or the beatings you took,

02:36:44.000 --> 02:36:46.875
weren't worth a thing.

02:36:48.042 --> 02:36:49.458
And after that, what?

02:36:49.667 --> 02:36:53.250
Do you go home relaxed
as if nothing happened here?

02:36:53.417 --> 02:36:55.542
"Poor guy, he can't see us."

02:36:57.250 --> 02:36:59.083
It's been...

02:37:00.417 --> 02:37:03.000
27 years and it still pains me.

02:37:03.167 --> 02:37:05.999
I'm still pissed off.

02:37:07.042 --> 02:37:09.375
You'd go to the Regional Government,

02:37:10.999 --> 02:37:12.917
paying for the bus ride
with the little money...

02:37:13.042 --> 02:37:15.042
We hadn't been paid for 3 months,

02:37:16.708 --> 02:37:18.625
working without getting paid.

02:37:21.542 --> 02:37:25.083
You'd go to the government
and you might as well have gone...

02:37:25.250 --> 02:37:29.250
to the lighthouse,
at least you'd see the sea....

02:37:29.958 --> 02:37:32.583
It was day after day after day.

02:37:32.750 --> 02:37:36.375
And suddenly...
everyone's surprised.

02:37:36.583 --> 02:37:39.375
Everyone's surprised

02:37:39.583 --> 02:37:42.000
that people say
"It's come to this",

02:37:43.750 --> 02:37:46.167
and that the PSOE headquarters
is attacked,

02:37:47.208 --> 02:37:50.375
skips and bins are burnt
in the street,

02:37:52.333 --> 02:37:56.083
that there's a hunger strike
and the factories shut for 12 days.

02:37:57.917 --> 02:37:59.542
People are surprised at that.

02:38:00.625 --> 02:38:02.208
And so, from that point on,

02:38:03.333 --> 02:38:05.792
they want to speak to you.

02:38:05.958 --> 02:38:07.917
How can it work like that?

02:38:10.125 --> 02:38:13.958
When the Proceedings were approved,

02:38:14.083 --> 02:38:18.083
we on the committee
locked ourselves in the company.

02:38:18.333 --> 02:38:20.458
We slept on the floor for 7 days.

02:38:21.708 --> 02:38:24.792
And sure, that was...

02:38:24.958 --> 02:38:26.917
I think that was the fuse that...

02:38:27.042 --> 02:38:31.042
Sleeping on the floor
for a week is a bit rough.

02:38:31.583 --> 02:38:35.542
You get up in a bad mood
and it sharpens...

02:38:35.708 --> 02:38:37.958
your wits, like hunger does.

02:38:40.250 --> 02:38:43.000
We decided that...

02:38:43.167 --> 02:38:46.167
we had to do things...

02:38:47.625 --> 02:38:49.250
-Out of the ordinary.
-...out of the ordinary,

02:38:49.417 --> 02:38:51.875
-not very well known...
-And striking enough

02:38:52.000 --> 02:38:54.708
...to break the encirclement.

02:38:54.875 --> 02:38:58.208
We had to make the mayor
change his mind.

02:38:59.458 --> 02:39:03.042
To change his mind in some way,

02:39:03.208 --> 02:39:05.792
at least officially,
the door had to be torn down.

02:39:05.958 --> 02:39:07.958
Yes, because he wouldn't meet us.

02:39:08.083 --> 02:39:10.458
He wouldn't meet us,
they said he wasn't in,

02:39:10.667 --> 02:39:13.542
but when the door frame came down,

02:39:13.708 --> 02:39:15.792
-the mayor was sitting there.
-In his office.

02:39:15.958 --> 02:39:19.917
An emergency meeting was held
with the municipal spokespeople

02:39:20.042 --> 02:39:23.458
and the first proposal came out
in support of the workers

02:39:23.667 --> 02:39:26.250
against the Proceedings,

02:39:26.417 --> 02:39:29.750
at least officially,
from the Cartagena Council.

02:39:29.917 --> 02:39:32.208
When the Autonomous Community,

02:39:32.375 --> 02:39:36.375
unlike Andalusia and Ferrol,

02:39:37.000 --> 02:39:39.999
the Government measure was justified...

02:39:41.333 --> 02:39:43.167
and we demanded meetings...

02:39:43.333 --> 02:39:47.333
Antonio sent a request
for acknowledgement...

02:39:47.625 --> 02:39:50.417
-To Carlos Collado.
-...because they weren't answering us

02:39:50.625 --> 02:39:54.083
and returned the acknowledgement,
the letter...

02:39:54.250 --> 02:39:56.833
-It had on it...
-"Declined."

02:39:56.999 --> 02:39:59.417
"The receiver has declined

02:39:59.625 --> 02:40:02.083
to receive the dispatch."

02:40:02.250 --> 02:40:04.375
Carlos Collado was President,
and what did we do?

02:40:04.583 --> 02:40:07.708
We put Carlos Collado's face
on a target.

02:40:07.875 --> 02:40:09.792
and we bought...

02:40:11.708 --> 02:40:15.417
On Puerta de Murcia in Cartagena
we played "shots at Collado".

02:40:15.625 --> 02:40:17.792
We tried to...

02:40:17.958 --> 02:40:20.125
We went to San Esteban.

02:40:20.292 --> 02:40:24.625
After the committee lock-in,
26 busloads of us...

02:40:26.333 --> 02:40:29.167
We left him a postcard

02:40:29.333 --> 02:40:30.583
-that was pretty harsh.
-Yes.

02:40:30.917 --> 02:40:34.667
It was a great period of unity
among the staff.

02:40:35.708 --> 02:40:39.583
Actions were proposed and seconded...

02:40:39.750 --> 02:40:41.125
unanimously.

02:40:41.708 --> 02:40:44.625
We did some crazy stuff.
Looking back on it now,

02:40:44.792 --> 02:40:48.708
bursting into a military establishment,

02:40:48.875 --> 02:40:50.000
it's amazing.

02:40:50.167 --> 02:40:54.125
I had a period of
some two or three weeks

02:40:54.292 --> 02:40:57.250
when I got death threats
every single night.

02:40:57.417 --> 02:40:59.708
They'd call me on the phone.

02:40:59.875 --> 02:41:03.417
It scared us a little because
we'd turn off the last light at home,

02:41:03.625 --> 02:41:06.125
go to bed, and five minutes later
someone would call

02:41:06.292 --> 02:41:10.292
in a disguised voice, saying
"I'll kill you. Where's your wife?

02:41:10.458 --> 02:41:12.417
I'm going to kill you..."

02:41:12.625 --> 02:41:14.542
You knew it wasn't true,

02:41:14.708 --> 02:41:17.958
but you still worried.

02:41:18.083 --> 02:41:20.625
So someone,
I can't remember who...

02:41:21.917 --> 02:41:25.250
I told the police

02:41:25.417 --> 02:41:28.208
and they replied:

02:41:28.375 --> 02:41:31.208
"From what you say,
it has to be someone close.

02:41:31.375 --> 02:41:34.292
Spread the word that
we've tapped your phone.

02:41:34.458 --> 02:41:36.667
We won't, it's too complicated.

02:41:36.833 --> 02:41:40.083
If it goes further,
we'll meet again and see,

02:41:40.250 --> 02:41:42.042
but for now,
in your immediate surroundings,

02:41:42.208 --> 02:41:44.458
spread the word that
your phone is tapped."

02:41:44.667 --> 02:41:47.042
That was a godsend

02:41:47.208 --> 02:41:50.583
because the calls stopped.

02:41:50.750 --> 02:41:54.458
Besides these calls,
we often got calls as well

02:41:54.667 --> 02:41:56.958
from the police:

02:41:57.083 --> 02:42:00.625
"We know what you're up to,
be careful.

02:42:02.542 --> 02:42:04.417
Don't cross the line,
we're right behind you..."

02:42:04.625 --> 02:42:07.958
So, yes, the tension was
very, very great.

02:42:10.208 --> 02:42:13.333
Maybe I'm a bit stigmatized.

02:42:13.542 --> 02:42:14.958
Maybe I am.

02:42:15.083 --> 02:42:18.375
When I hear politicians in office

02:42:18.583 --> 02:42:20.958
talk to us with scorn

02:42:21.083 --> 02:42:23.875
and talk about violence...

02:42:24.000 --> 02:42:25.667
"What are you on about?"

02:42:26.708 --> 02:42:29.875
I've negotiated,

02:42:30.000 --> 02:42:31.833
as a police inspector,

02:42:31.999 --> 02:42:35.458
with unions, with demonstrations...

02:42:36.792 --> 02:42:39.875
I went to meet them,
in Bazán, in Comisiones Obreras,

02:42:40.000 --> 02:42:42.875
in the UGT...

02:42:43.000 --> 02:42:45.292
I'm a "friend"...

02:42:46.333 --> 02:42:47.583
of Andrés of the UGT

02:42:48.708 --> 02:42:52.708
and the Secretary of Comisiones.

02:42:52.958 --> 02:42:56.750
Why? To what end?

02:42:56.917 --> 02:42:58.250
To stop bad things.

02:42:59.708 --> 02:43:02.333
That was the aim, to make pacts.

02:43:03.667 --> 02:43:05.999
"How far can we agree?

02:43:06.125 --> 02:43:08.542
How far can we go?"
"We'll hold on here another hour."

02:43:08.708 --> 02:43:11.042
"Alright, let's do this..."

02:43:11.208 --> 02:43:13.208
Now we get into...

02:43:13.375 --> 02:43:15.792
...this negotiation
because it's very interesting.

02:43:15.958 --> 02:43:18.917
And a key factor was
when they set fire to parliament.

02:43:19.417 --> 02:43:21.333
When the police face

02:43:21.958 --> 02:43:25.000
more than 50 people
they can't have a battle.

02:43:25.167 --> 02:43:27.542
We lost the battles.

02:43:27.833 --> 02:43:30.458
Normally the law protects us.

02:43:31.542 --> 02:43:34.042
But in what sense?
When the police pull out

02:43:34.208 --> 02:43:35.999
their defences and hit people,

02:43:37.000 --> 02:43:39.999
nobody remembers what
they're protesting about,

02:43:40.125 --> 02:43:43.167
that they're violating the norms,
they're breaking the law,

02:43:43.333 --> 02:43:44.792
a prohibition...

02:43:44.958 --> 02:43:47.250
They only see the police

02:43:47.417 --> 02:43:49.417
hitting someone on the back.

02:43:49.625 --> 02:43:51.250
That's a reality.

02:43:51.417 --> 02:43:53.417
So what do we have to do?
Avoid it.

02:43:54.458 --> 02:43:55.792
How?

02:43:58.333 --> 02:44:01.292
If you push me to say:
Let them do what they like.

02:44:03.125 --> 02:44:05.417
They cut off traffic?
Let them do it.

02:44:05.625 --> 02:44:08.792
They stop the train station?
Then let them go.

02:44:08.958 --> 02:44:11.292
"They've gone to
the Maritime Authority."

02:44:11.458 --> 02:44:13.292
"They should hang in there."

02:44:14.917 --> 02:44:16.667
That's been my job,

02:44:16.833 --> 02:44:19.833
hang in there, hang in there...

02:44:19.999 --> 02:44:22.208
But it got out of hand,

02:44:23.250 --> 02:44:27.167
that was a very strange situation.

02:44:28.917 --> 02:44:32.542
A line was broken
and we shifted back.

02:44:32.708 --> 02:44:36.625
We wanted to re-establish the line,
like it was a battle.

02:44:36.792 --> 02:44:40.250
And, of course, you can't
hold back 200 men.

02:44:42.333 --> 02:44:44.750
Why was the Parliament burnt?

02:44:44.917 --> 02:44:48.042
It was burnt because of the police.

02:44:50.708 --> 02:44:52.167
At the door to parliament,

02:44:52.333 --> 02:44:55.333
at 9 or 9:15 in the morning,

02:44:55.542 --> 02:44:57.792
were the workers of Peñarroya.

02:44:59.417 --> 02:45:01.667
The poor guys were going to deliver

02:45:01.833 --> 02:45:05.542
Statement 27 to the parliament president,
Miguel Navarro.

02:45:05.708 --> 02:45:09.125
At this same time, in Comisiones

02:45:09.292 --> 02:45:10.750
there was a set of people.

02:45:11.999 --> 02:45:15.208
José Luis Romero, the General Secretary,
came to my office,

02:45:15.375 --> 02:45:17.875
where I was working,
and said to me: "Paco."

02:45:18.000 --> 02:45:21.042
"Yes, José"
"Why don't we go

02:45:21.208 --> 02:45:23.999
and cover Juan, let's go to him,

02:45:24.125 --> 02:45:25.625
with the ones that are alone there?

02:45:25.792 --> 02:45:28.625
If they're going to go in,
you and I will too,

02:45:28.792 --> 02:45:30.125
and talk to Miguel."

02:45:30.292 --> 02:45:33.999
Romero and I had
a lot of contact with Miguel.

02:45:36.875 --> 02:45:38.167
"Right then, let's go."

02:45:38.333 --> 02:45:41.917
We gathered people
who worked in the union,

02:45:42.042 --> 02:45:45.042
the workers that were around,
and we set out,

02:45:45.208 --> 02:45:49.375
25 to 40 of us.

02:45:49.583 --> 02:45:50.875
No more than that.

02:45:51.000 --> 02:45:55.542
We picked up a sign we had:
"For the future of Cartagena."

02:45:57.167 --> 02:46:01.125
The avenue was closed,
they were occupying it

02:46:01.292 --> 02:46:03.292
in front of the parliament

02:46:04.417 --> 02:46:06.167
and on one side of the avenue

02:46:06.333 --> 02:46:08.958
we were with our sign.
And when we were,

02:46:09.083 --> 02:46:12.042
20 or 25 metres away,

02:46:12.208 --> 02:46:16.042
at the level of Radio Juventud,

02:46:16.208 --> 02:46:20.208
50 metres from where
the lads from Peñarroya were,

02:46:20.708 --> 02:46:23.083
the head cop came at us
with an attitude

02:46:24.167 --> 02:46:26.042
that surprised us,

02:46:26.208 --> 02:46:28.208
the one in charge of the police.

02:46:29.708 --> 02:46:33.042
But not only he approached us,
behind were 7 or 8 guys

02:46:33.208 --> 02:46:35.917
with rubber bullet shotguns.

02:46:37.958 --> 02:46:43.292
We reached him and he said to us:
"Where are you going?"

02:46:44.999 --> 02:46:46.667
Romero said:

02:46:46.833 --> 02:46:50.792
"We're going to join
our comrades from Peñarroya,

02:46:50.958 --> 02:46:53.542
to be with them
so that when they go in...

02:46:53.708 --> 02:46:56.792
I'm Romero, the general secretary,
here to accompany them in."

02:46:56.958 --> 02:46:58.667
"You can't go past!"

02:46:58.833 --> 02:47:05.208
Romero was here and I was here.

02:47:05.375 --> 02:47:09.292
All he did was take one step
forward with the sign,

02:47:09.458 --> 02:47:11.750
with the idea that we'd follow.

02:47:11.917 --> 02:47:13.958
He took just one step

02:47:14.083 --> 02:47:16.708
because this man hit him

02:47:16.875 --> 02:47:19.958
with the end of the club
on his mouth.

02:47:21.542 --> 02:47:24.208
He busted his nose
and he was bleeding.

02:47:24.375 --> 02:47:26.208
Then he gave the order to fire.

02:47:27.625 --> 02:47:30.708
So they shot at us,

02:47:30.875 --> 02:47:33.167
a volley of rubber bullets
at the whole first line.

02:47:34.375 --> 02:47:36.917
They didn't get me,
but Torres, for example,

02:47:37.042 --> 02:47:39.333
a lad from Bazán next to me,

02:47:39.542 --> 02:47:42.292
was hit by two rubber bullets.

02:47:42.458 --> 02:47:45.000
We took him to Emergencies.

02:47:45.167 --> 02:47:48.125
And we dispersed,
of course, because...

02:47:48.292 --> 02:47:49.542
they kept on firing,

02:47:49.708 --> 02:47:52.917
and they suddenly turned
to the people from Peñarroya

02:47:53.042 --> 02:47:56.042
and starting shooting at them too
to disperse them.

02:47:56.208 --> 02:47:58.625
That's how it was,
or may I be struck dead....

02:47:58.792 --> 02:48:01.125
I hope it's not for 500 years,
but anyway...

02:48:02.417 --> 02:48:05.708
It was like that. And from then on
the conflict got going,

02:48:05.875 --> 02:48:09.125
that's when it got started.
We started throwing...

02:48:11.083 --> 02:48:13.667
It was all broadcast live
because Cartagena,

02:48:13.833 --> 02:48:16.458
since it was hot news,

02:48:16.667 --> 02:48:20.000
Telecartagena, Onda Regional, SER,

02:48:20.167 --> 02:48:22.917
they were always at these places.
The word got around,

02:48:23.042 --> 02:48:25.125
the Bazán people filed out,

02:48:26.167 --> 02:48:28.958
and everyone came out
to join us there.

02:48:30.417 --> 02:48:33.417
It was madness, the police went mad,

02:48:33.625 --> 02:48:35.750
like they were on methamphetamines.

02:48:35.917 --> 02:48:39.125
They shot rubber bullets,

02:48:40.167 --> 02:48:43.875
they launched tear gas...

02:48:44.000 --> 02:48:46.667
There must be lots of images of that.

02:48:46.833 --> 02:48:49.250
And we began to respond too.

02:48:49.417 --> 02:48:51.458
The time had come in when...

02:48:52.958 --> 02:48:54.625
you didn't hold back.

02:48:54.792 --> 02:48:58.250
They made a show of violence
that I'd never seen before.

02:48:58.417 --> 02:49:00.958
After being there all morning...

02:49:01.083 --> 02:49:04.958
"Let's get going! Here we come!",

02:49:05.083 --> 02:49:07.750
all those stories,

02:49:09.167 --> 02:49:11.042
they got into the hospital,

02:49:13.167 --> 02:49:15.792
behind people,
they got into the school.

02:49:16.833 --> 02:49:19.292
The principal came out to say
what they did in there

02:49:19.458 --> 02:49:21.417
and they clubbed him.

02:49:22.417 --> 02:49:25.750
They got into the faculties in front,

02:49:25.917 --> 02:49:29.625
they went down the streets in vans

02:49:29.792 --> 02:49:32.667
firing rubber bullets at people.

02:49:33.999 --> 02:49:36.999
My father-in-law, who was
an officer in the Marine Police,

02:49:37.125 --> 02:49:40.833
was going home after duty,

02:49:40.999 --> 02:49:44.875
in military clothes, insignia and all,
was shot by a rubber bullet.

02:49:45.917 --> 02:49:48.208
He put his hand on his gun,

02:49:48.375 --> 02:49:51.208
because he was quite a character,
ready to shoot the cop

02:49:51.375 --> 02:49:54.333
if he shot him again.

02:49:56.000 --> 02:49:59.750
Going around the streets,
shooting at people...

02:50:00.875 --> 02:50:03.667
The poor worker,
if he was in blue overalls,

02:50:03.833 --> 02:50:06.917
they put him in a van,
beat the crap out of him

02:50:07.042 --> 02:50:08.792
and let him go again.

02:50:09.917 --> 02:50:12.042
It reminded me of
my youth in Madrid,

02:50:12.208 --> 02:50:14.333
when I was a student
and vans of cops would turn up

02:50:14.542 --> 02:50:17.792
downtown or at the university

02:50:17.958 --> 02:50:21.583
and they'd grab you, beat you
and leave you 100 metres down.

02:50:21.750 --> 02:50:24.208
The same thing. Nutcases.

02:50:25.250 --> 02:50:27.208
Total nutcases.

02:50:27.375 --> 02:50:30.958
Then they scattered,
they spread around the city,

02:50:31.083 --> 02:50:33.458
and what happened?
In the afternoon

02:50:33.667 --> 02:50:35.458
they left the Assembly "exposed"

02:50:35.667 --> 02:50:38.417
as they say.

02:50:38.625 --> 02:50:41.083
A parliament should
never be left exposed,

02:50:41.250 --> 02:50:43.708
but must always be open
to the people.

02:50:44.999 --> 02:50:46.708
The doors to a parliament

02:50:46.875 --> 02:50:49.667
cannot be locked to workers
who ask for their help.

02:50:50.792 --> 02:50:54.792
That's an aberration,
almost more of an aberration

02:50:54.958 --> 02:50:58.125
than people burning something
they feel does not represent them.

02:50:59.167 --> 02:51:02.375
The truly aberrant thing that morning

02:51:02.583 --> 02:51:05.625
was a parliament,

02:51:05.792 --> 02:51:07.833
supposedly democratic,

02:51:07.999 --> 02:51:10.999
refusing to receive citizens
who voted for them to be there.

02:51:11.125 --> 02:51:12.917
That really is aberrant!

02:51:14.083 --> 02:51:17.833
Then, in 12 hours
of tremendous violence,

02:51:17.999 --> 02:51:21.292
when workers ended their shift
in Valle de Escombreras,

02:51:21.458 --> 02:51:25.167
because the shifts were constant,

02:51:25.333 --> 02:51:28.583
they'd go into Cartagena
and throw rocks at the Assembly.

02:51:28.750 --> 02:51:31.917
And as rocks were tossed
inside the parliament

02:51:32.042 --> 02:51:35.708
someone threw in a Molotov cocktail,
or two or three, and it burnt.

02:51:38.750 --> 02:51:41.833
I've never looked into,
nor am I interested,

02:51:41.999 --> 02:51:45.250
in whether it was a criminal,
if it was a worker,

02:51:45.417 --> 02:51:49.167
or the janitor's cousin,
because he was underpaid.

02:51:49.333 --> 02:51:51.750
I've never been interested
in who it was,

02:51:51.917 --> 02:51:55.292
nor does my hair stand on end
because the Assembly was burnt.

02:51:55.458 --> 02:51:57.750
It stands on end

02:51:57.917 --> 02:52:00.000
because the police

02:52:00.167 --> 02:52:03.417
stopped the workers,

02:52:03.625 --> 02:52:05.375
who were there peacefully,

02:52:05.583 --> 02:52:08.000
from going inside their parliament.

02:52:09.167 --> 02:52:12.958
While it is not stated otherwise,
that parliament belongs to the people

02:52:13.083 --> 02:52:18.083
and it's there because of the people.

02:52:18.250 --> 02:52:22.250
It was clear it wasn't for the people
but for some politicians to live off,

02:52:22.458 --> 02:52:25.250
who since then don't represent me.

02:52:27.333 --> 02:52:30.750
When the Assembly was burnt
and it made the cover of El País,

02:52:30.917 --> 02:52:34.792
that's when everyone said:
"What's going on here?"

02:52:34.958 --> 02:52:39.500
"This is more than labour strife",
so Spain's P.M., Felipe González

02:52:39.667 --> 02:52:41.875
rang an economic advisor to say:

02:52:42.000 --> 02:52:44.583
"Explain what's going on
in Cartagena, I don't know."

02:52:45.625 --> 02:52:48.208
If the parliament wasn't burnt,
they would've ignored it.

02:52:48.375 --> 02:52:52.042
It would've been just another conflict.
That fact changed everything.

02:52:52.875 --> 02:52:55.250
17 days after the burning
of the Parliament,

02:52:55.417 --> 02:52:57.417
the Bazán Proceedings were lifted.

02:52:57.625 --> 02:53:00.000
It was impossible: no work,
no ships. "No, no, no."

02:53:00.167 --> 02:53:02.458
The Parliament was burnt
and in 17 days an order

02:53:02.667 --> 02:53:04.417
for 6 ships went through.

02:53:04.667 --> 02:53:08.542
That was 17 days
after the Assembly was burnt.

02:53:10.042 --> 02:53:11.667
How do you take that?

02:53:11.833 --> 02:53:14.417
Do people have to set fire
to a government building

02:53:14.625 --> 02:53:17.417
for work to come to the city?
Yes.

02:53:17.625 --> 02:53:21.042
That's how it was. On February 20
the Ministry gave the order

02:53:21.208 --> 02:53:24.750
to build 6 minesweepers
that saved Bazán in Cartagena.

02:53:25.333 --> 02:53:29.208
Reconversion doesn't explain it all,
but it does in Cartagena.

02:53:29.375 --> 02:53:32.917
Industrial reconversion took power
from the Socialist Party for 25 years

02:53:33.042 --> 02:53:37.208
and the conservative PP
is the beneficiary.

02:53:37.458 --> 02:53:40.000
Until '92, the PSOE won
the elections in Cartagena:

02:53:40.167 --> 02:53:42.708
municipal, autonomous and general.

02:53:42.875 --> 02:53:46.417
Since '92 they haven't won
any of these three.

02:53:46.625 --> 02:53:49.250
It's the punishment the city
inflicted on this party.

02:53:50.875 --> 02:53:53.333
You haven't won
the workers' struggle,

02:53:53.542 --> 02:53:55.875
because that goes on.

02:53:56.000 --> 02:53:59.208
But that battle in particular
we did win.

02:53:59.375 --> 02:54:01.292
The withdrawal of the Proceedings
was a victory.

02:54:01.458 --> 02:54:03.042
Yes, it was a victory.

02:54:03.208 --> 02:54:04.958
It's true that,

02:54:06.167 --> 02:54:07.625
to be fair,

02:54:07.792 --> 02:54:10.750
it's a victory of which

02:54:10.917 --> 02:54:14.458
we are not the only architects
of what happened.

02:54:14.667 --> 02:54:18.458
We were a public company
and depended on political decision.

02:54:18.667 --> 02:54:21.958
There were comrades in companies
that weren't public,

02:54:22.083 --> 02:54:25.125
in the fertilizer sector, Peñarroya,

02:54:25.292 --> 02:54:28.542
who lost because
it was private enterprise

02:54:28.708 --> 02:54:30.667
and the Government didn't intervene.

02:54:31.708 --> 02:54:35.042
We benefited somewhat
from that situation...

02:54:36.999 --> 02:54:40.292
and there was a bitter aftertaste

02:54:40.458 --> 02:54:44.375
about the comrades who hadn't
gained the same objective as we had.

02:54:45.999 --> 02:54:48.375
The worst thing was
and will be for me

02:54:48.583 --> 02:54:50.167
having to give severance

02:54:50.333 --> 02:54:52.708
to the 300 Peñarroya workers

02:54:52.875 --> 02:54:55.999
That wrecked me psychologically.

02:54:56.125 --> 02:54:59.000
It took me a year...

02:54:59.167 --> 02:55:03.167
to get over it at least.
It scarred me for life.

02:55:03.458 --> 02:55:06.792
That was the worst thing
that's happened to me,

02:55:06.958 --> 02:55:09.958
having to call, one by one...

02:55:10.083 --> 02:55:13.125
It gets to me now,
and 25 years have gone by.

02:55:13.292 --> 02:55:15.875
Calling the workers one by one

02:55:16.000 --> 02:55:19.250
and handing them the severance
from a company like Peñarroya,

02:55:20.333 --> 02:55:21.583
that was awful. Awful.

02:55:21.875 --> 02:55:24.292
And after that I spent 9 months,

02:55:24.458 --> 02:55:25.999
almost a year,

02:55:26.125 --> 02:55:29.542
making arrangements with Juan.
Up and down.

02:55:29.708 --> 02:55:31.625
Two years of dole was a lot

02:55:31.833 --> 02:55:35.792
and then I hit the wall
and fell into a depression.

02:55:35.958 --> 02:55:40.208
I was incapable
of picking up some pliers.

02:55:40.375 --> 02:55:44.125
That trauma that you're worthless.

02:55:44.292 --> 02:55:50.833
When I had the most money I'd ever had,
from the severance.

02:55:50.999 --> 02:55:52.750
I had no family problem

02:55:52.917 --> 02:55:55.583
and I fell into one of
those terrible depressions.

02:55:55.875 --> 02:55:59.208
I later fell into
such a deep depression

02:55:59.375 --> 02:56:01.083
that I entered a tunnel.

02:56:01.250 --> 02:56:04.625
I seemed to be going for
miles and miles

02:56:04.792 --> 02:56:08.000
and didn't see a way out.
Later there was, because...

02:56:08.167 --> 02:56:10.417
there's life outside
the walls of the factory,

02:56:10.625 --> 02:56:12.042
but we didn't know that.

02:56:12.208 --> 02:56:15.750
I spent a long time,

02:56:15.917 --> 02:56:19.667
every time I went to Escombreras
working with a truck,

02:56:19.833 --> 02:56:23.625
or wherever,

02:56:23.792 --> 02:56:27.208
I'd always stop unconsciously
at the factory gate.

02:56:27.375 --> 02:56:28.833
I didn't know why I stopped

02:56:29.167 --> 02:56:31.833
and it's because
something of me stayed there.

02:56:31.999 --> 02:56:34.875
Something of me stayed there
in the factory

02:56:35.000 --> 02:56:36.708
and I'd sometimes wait there.

02:56:36.875 --> 02:56:40.583
One day my daughter saw me stop
and said: "What are you doing?"

02:56:40.750 --> 02:56:43.417
"I don't know"
"Then get a move on!"

02:56:43.625 --> 02:56:47.625
But I left something inside,
I still don't know what.

02:56:48.875 --> 02:56:51.417
And now it's rubble, ruins,

02:56:51.625 --> 02:56:54.583
a pile of rocks,

02:56:54.750 --> 02:56:57.542
that's it... ruins.

02:56:57.708 --> 02:57:01.083
-And years of your life.
-Exactly, something of ours.

02:57:01.250 --> 02:57:03.542
I don't know if it's ghosts.

02:57:06.083 --> 02:57:09.083
EPILOGUE

02:57:13.042 --> 02:57:16.000
The crisis creates another model,
in all areas.

02:57:16.167 --> 02:57:18.458
It even creates another union model.

02:57:22.292 --> 02:57:25.917
The implementation of unionism

02:57:26.042 --> 02:57:27.750
in the company was broken,

02:57:29.625 --> 02:57:31.208
which is fundamental,...

02:57:35.333 --> 02:57:39.167
and the practical
and commercial meaning

02:57:39.333 --> 02:57:41.625
of the union, where you'd go

02:57:41.792 --> 02:57:44.167
and they'd listen to you,

02:57:44.333 --> 02:57:45.875
that become essential.

02:57:46.000 --> 02:57:48.417
Insurance was created...

02:57:48.625 --> 02:57:51.667
You can go in there
as if you could in

02:57:52.750 --> 02:57:55.833
any other commercial centre.

02:57:55.999 --> 02:57:58.917
That is, what matters,

02:57:59.042 --> 02:58:00.333
what the worker gets...

02:58:02.083 --> 02:58:03.999
are other things.

02:58:07.458 --> 02:58:09.750
The federations were alive,

02:58:09.917 --> 02:58:13.333
all the people from the committees
were there every day,

02:58:13.542 --> 02:58:16.417
trade union hours were in place,

02:58:16.625 --> 02:58:20.167
because they tried to make sure
that it was so.

02:58:23.917 --> 02:58:28.375
But perhaps it's also a matter
that concerns the whole society.

02:58:28.583 --> 02:58:31.792
That is, insofar as
the large companies disappear,

02:58:31.958 --> 02:58:34.999
the level of affiliation is lower,

02:58:35.125 --> 02:58:36.875
-the type of work has changed.
-Sure, the whole society.

02:58:37.000 --> 02:58:43.625
I mean, this is a reflection
of the social transformation.

02:58:44.708 --> 02:58:47.833
Yes, consider the number
of people today

02:58:47.999 --> 02:58:52.333
who spend their working life
in five or six companies.

02:58:52.542 --> 02:58:56.125
I worked in two companies in my life
and left of my own accord,

02:58:57.375 --> 02:59:01.250
that is, if I hadn't left construction
I'd still be building houses there,

02:59:01.417 --> 02:59:05.417
and if I hadn't left Comisiones
I'd still be in Consultation there.

02:59:06.708 --> 02:59:08.542
But our children

02:59:08.708 --> 02:59:11.958
have suffered,
despite education,

02:59:12.083 --> 02:59:16.125
in all fields,
due to the lack of jobs.

02:59:17.083 --> 02:59:19.875
And they have 40-plus years

02:59:20.000 --> 02:59:22.250
and pitiful pension contributions

02:59:24.583 --> 02:59:30.875
because they'd have periods of
work inactivity, very often.

02:59:31.000 --> 02:59:35.125
It didn't happen in our time
and that created a model

02:59:35.292 --> 02:59:37.250
of union membership and work...

02:59:37.417 --> 02:59:41.167
I experienced something
very, very important,

02:59:41.333 --> 02:59:44.250
the unemployed,
however militant they are,

02:59:44.417 --> 02:59:47.583
have the syndrome of unemployment,
of frustration,

02:59:48.333 --> 02:59:52.250
and they often just hide away.

02:59:52.417 --> 02:59:55.583
"So many unemployed and people
don't come to the demonstrations."

02:59:55.750 --> 02:59:57.333
No, it's only natural,

02:59:57.542 --> 03:00:00.542
I've seen that there's a situation

03:00:03.458 --> 03:00:05.083
of impotence

03:00:05.250 --> 03:00:08.708
that leads to great frustration,

03:00:08.875 --> 03:00:11.667
they're not even able
to respond to that,

03:00:11.833 --> 03:00:15.083
those who've been militant
at another point in their lives.

03:00:16.042 --> 03:00:19.250
They were responsible,
committed men...

03:00:19.417 --> 03:00:22.125
and they lost their jobs
and stayed at home.

03:00:23.708 --> 03:00:26.875
I've been a privileged worker.
I've had all my rights.

03:00:27.000 --> 03:00:29.542
I've been able to complain
without being fired.

03:00:30.125 --> 03:00:33.458
I've had dues paid for me,

03:00:34.583 --> 03:00:36.625
I've gone on holidays,

03:00:36.792 --> 03:00:39.250
I've been paid for overtime.

03:00:40.167 --> 03:00:42.333
Seems crazy, right?

03:00:42.542 --> 03:00:46.625
My salary was enough
to keep me going,

03:00:46.792 --> 03:00:49.083
to go out with my wife,
to have a beer,

03:00:49.250 --> 03:00:51.250
to send my kids to university,

03:00:51.417 --> 03:00:54.083
I was really fucking lucky.

03:00:55.833 --> 03:00:58.458
And the companies didn't go broke.

03:00:58.667 --> 03:01:03.042
Now you have workers
on 800 euros a month,

03:01:03.208 --> 03:01:09.083
job insecurity, not being paid
for the hours, the working poor...

03:01:09.250 --> 03:01:11.042
What is this?

03:01:12.542 --> 03:01:15.208
One foot out on the street,

03:01:15.375 --> 03:01:20.833
with the systematic and constant
violence of employers...

03:01:24.458 --> 03:01:27.042
And what do the unions do now?

03:01:27.208 --> 03:01:30.000
They should be in the street
all fucking day.

03:01:30.167 --> 03:01:32.875
They should turn
this country upside down.

03:01:34.625 --> 03:01:36.875
Even if they have to
pick up a stake for it.

03:01:37.000 --> 03:01:39.458
It's not right, not right...

03:01:39.667 --> 03:01:43.750
Capitalism has never been
self-regulating. Never.

03:01:43.917 --> 03:01:49.999
Capitalism wants more and more
and more, do you understand?

03:01:50.125 --> 03:01:53.458
So you either establish
laws that protect people

03:01:54.250 --> 03:01:58.583
and cut down on abuses
or we come to these situations.

03:01:59.750 --> 03:02:03.583
A pretty city, beautiful sun,
a wonderful beach...

03:02:04.875 --> 03:02:09.125
Those of us in the large sectors
and are my age live wonderfully,

03:02:11.333 --> 03:02:15.833
but my fellow workers
from Cartagena,

03:02:15.999 --> 03:02:20.542
22, 24, 26 years old
with 600, 700 euros,

03:02:20.708 --> 03:02:22.625
have a 12-hour working day.

03:02:23.458 --> 03:02:25.792
They can't be as happy as I am.

03:02:29.333 --> 03:02:34.375
The unions are criticized a lot.

03:02:34.999 --> 03:02:36.999
that's everyone's mantra,
criticizing the unionists

03:02:37.125 --> 03:02:38.542
as being crooks, right?

03:02:38.708 --> 03:02:39.458
It's not true.

03:02:39.667 --> 03:02:40.708
Unionists aren't crooks,

03:02:40.875 --> 03:02:44.042
we do what we can with
what we have to deal with.

03:02:44.208 --> 03:02:46.583
I admire the unionists from the past,

03:02:46.750 --> 03:02:48.125
they're my benchmarks.

03:02:48.292 --> 03:02:52.292
Marcelino Camacho,
fighting the dictatorship: hats off.

03:02:52.458 --> 03:02:55.667
The next ones who fought
industrial reconversion: hats off.

03:02:55.833 --> 03:02:58.000
And who do we fight against?

03:02:58.167 --> 03:03:00.917
Globalization?
The International Monetary Fund?

03:03:01.042 --> 03:03:03.333
The whole system?
Capitalism?

03:03:03.542 --> 03:03:05.875
Here there was a war
and capitalism won.

03:03:06.000 --> 03:03:08.625
There was a cold war here
and capitalism won.

03:03:08.792 --> 03:03:10.583
Let's not forget that.

03:03:10.750 --> 03:03:14.167
The Berlin Wall fell here, which it had to
because Communism was bad,

03:03:14.333 --> 03:03:17.083
but we workers in the West
benefited from that,

03:03:17.250 --> 03:03:19.125
and ever since Berlin Wall fell

03:03:19.292 --> 03:03:23.083
workers get shafted from all sides.

03:03:23.250 --> 03:03:25.583
We celebrate the fall of the Wall
and of Communism,

03:03:25.750 --> 03:03:27.708
but we workers have had it rough.

03:03:27.875 --> 03:03:30.917
The world is on the right
and heading for the ultra-right.

03:03:31.042 --> 03:03:32.917
It's clear.

03:03:33.042 --> 03:03:33.999
The world's on the right

03:03:34.125 --> 03:03:37.250
and unless we on the left balance it

03:03:37.417 --> 03:03:38.833
it will go far-right.

03:03:38.999 --> 03:03:40.292
There you have it.

03:03:41.083 --> 03:03:46.250
And if you don't have unions
and leftist parties regulating that,

03:03:46.417 --> 03:03:47.542
we're in trouble.

03:03:48.708 --> 03:03:51.625
A co-worker once said to me:
"You'll never know the company

03:03:51.792 --> 03:03:53.583
until you're on a company committee.

03:03:54.208 --> 03:03:55.792
You'll never know
the reality of the job,

03:03:55.958 --> 03:03:59.250
until you make the leap
and see what this is like."

03:04:01.000 --> 03:04:02.125
It was true.

03:04:02.292 --> 03:04:04.083
When you negotiate
with an employer,

03:04:04.250 --> 03:04:06.000
when you negotiate
with the head of personnel,

03:04:07.792 --> 03:04:09.458
it changes your perception.

03:04:12.250 --> 03:04:13.708
You realize what you can get

03:04:13.875 --> 03:04:15.583
and what you can't get.

03:04:16.292 --> 03:04:18.625
Before, no, you think
you can get everything.

03:04:18.792 --> 03:04:20.333
But you have to sit down
with the employer,

03:04:20.542 --> 03:04:21.875
sit face to face,

03:04:22.000 --> 03:04:23.375
he has very smart advisors,

03:04:23.583 --> 03:04:27.000
he's well-armed ideologically
and in arguments

03:04:27.167 --> 03:04:28.833
and you go in with what you've got.

03:04:29.542 --> 03:04:32.333
Then, to get what you want,

03:04:32.542 --> 03:04:35.583
you have to try to get
the 200 people behind you

03:04:35.750 --> 03:04:38.333
to support you,
and that doesn't always happen.

03:04:38.542 --> 03:04:39.999
And he knows it.

03:04:40.125 --> 03:04:42.708
The employer knows
you don't have their support.

03:04:43.917 --> 03:04:45.833
I've found that sometimes.

03:04:47.167 --> 03:04:50.375
Still, I remain a unionist.

03:04:50.583 --> 03:04:53.250
It's a necessary task,

03:04:53.417 --> 03:04:55.875
a wall of resistance,
stronger or weaker,

03:04:56.000 --> 03:04:59.000
but it's a wall of resistance.

03:04:59.167 --> 03:05:01.583
Because the future of work,
I don't even want to think about it.

03:05:01.750 --> 03:05:04.625
-What's the future of work?
-I see the future of work...

03:05:05.458 --> 03:05:10.875
I see a clear split
where work is sequestered

03:05:11.000 --> 03:05:14.083
by people between 40
and 60 years of age.

03:05:14.875 --> 03:05:18.333
It's sequestered by this segment
of the population. The good jobs.

03:05:18.542 --> 03:05:20.958
The bad jobs are for people under 40.

03:05:21.083 --> 03:05:23.958
It was, is and will be that way.

03:05:24.083 --> 03:05:28.208
It's another of the things
the system has achieved.

03:05:28.375 --> 03:05:31.083
That young people have no stability.

03:05:31.250 --> 03:05:32.999
Young people have no stability.

03:05:33.125 --> 03:05:34.917
You only get stability at 40,

03:05:35.042 --> 03:05:37.292
and they have to wait
20 years longer.

03:05:37.458 --> 03:05:39.999
I see that every day in all jobs.

03:05:40.125 --> 03:05:43.458
In my union activity I see
that a young person

03:05:43.667 --> 03:05:47.708
has it rough and can only improve
if after 40 years old

03:05:47.875 --> 03:05:50.708
he finds a job that people over 60
have left open

03:05:50.875 --> 03:05:52.208
when they retire.

03:05:52.375 --> 03:05:54.458
Work is compartmentalized by ages.

03:05:56.000 --> 03:06:01.042
That's how it's been done
and I don't know how to resolve it.

03:06:01.208 --> 03:06:04.000
Because in a way,
as you mentioned before,

03:06:04.167 --> 03:06:05.999
you were able to join the union

03:06:06.125 --> 03:06:09.625
because you were unafraid,
you had a guaranteed, permanent job.

03:06:09.792 --> 03:06:11.542
Yes, I dare to do
what others can't...

03:06:11.708 --> 03:06:14.250
Young people don't have
job security, they're afraid...

03:06:14.417 --> 03:06:18.542
How can a young person
be part of union activity

03:06:18.708 --> 03:06:22.083
-if they go from company to company?
-Good question.

03:06:22.250 --> 03:06:25.542
A very good question.
They want to do away with unions,

03:06:25.875 --> 03:06:29.792
and that's the way to do it.

03:06:29.958 --> 03:06:32.167
Young people don't renew the union

03:06:32.333 --> 03:06:33.917
and it dies of old age

03:06:34.333 --> 03:06:35.958
because young people don't join.

03:06:36.083 --> 03:06:39.667
Except when they're 40,
that's what I think will happen.

03:06:39.833 --> 03:06:43.167
When they turn 40,
get that stability

03:06:43.333 --> 03:06:45.333
and see that they're safer
in the union,

03:06:45.542 --> 03:06:47.542
it's in their best interests.

03:06:47.708 --> 03:06:50.542
Is there a fear of reprisals
for joining a union?

03:06:50.708 --> 03:06:52.208
There are reprisals.

03:06:52.375 --> 03:06:54.250
I've held union elections
in small companies

03:06:54.417 --> 03:06:57.167
where the lads that become
candidates are fired.

03:06:57.333 --> 03:06:59.750
-That's interesting.
-Every month.

03:06:59.917 --> 03:07:02.000
All the time, all the time.

03:07:02.167 --> 03:07:03.583
You set up your candidature,

03:07:03.750 --> 03:07:06.708
there are 5 or 10 guys
with balls who go ahead,

03:07:06.875 --> 03:07:08.333
and girls who go ahead...

03:07:08.542 --> 03:07:11.792
The case of the 9 at AON,
a company in Cantabria,

03:07:11.958 --> 03:07:14.625
where 9 comrades set up
a CCOO candidature

03:07:14.792 --> 03:07:17.333
and the next day the 9 were fired.

03:07:17.625 --> 03:07:18.792
What about that?

03:07:18.958 --> 03:07:23.000
It's not an idle threat,
people know that

03:07:23.167 --> 03:07:25.250
if you sign up to be
the CCOO candidate,

03:07:25.417 --> 03:07:27.208
the next day your boss
is on your back.

03:07:29.999 --> 03:07:31.542
That why we're here.

03:07:31.708 --> 03:07:32.458
Because others don't dare,

03:07:32.667 --> 03:07:34.333
but they're not cowards.

03:07:34.542 --> 03:07:36.708
So it's up to me.

03:07:36.875 --> 03:07:38.875
I'll try to do it what they can't,

03:07:39.000 --> 03:07:40.875
that's what's going on.

03:07:41.000 --> 03:07:43.999
The people who unionize
are condemned.

03:07:44.125 --> 03:07:45.792
It happens to lots of people.

03:07:47.208 --> 03:07:48.083
It does.

03:07:50.333 --> 03:07:53.542
It's what our system has achieved.

03:07:55.875 --> 03:07:58.292
Maybe there's some other
experience you want to tell me about,

03:07:58.458 --> 03:08:00.542
because we're reaching the end

03:08:00.708 --> 03:08:02.958
of the issues we're discussing...

03:08:03.083 --> 03:08:04.417
I don't know.

03:08:04.625 --> 03:08:06.458
I like the first part of what I said,

03:08:06.667 --> 03:08:08.375
because this part compromises me,

03:08:08.583 --> 03:08:10.583
I liked the other part more.

03:08:10.750 --> 03:08:13.083
-I don't think...
-We'll see.

03:08:13.250 --> 03:08:14.375
We'll see...

03:08:15.833 --> 03:08:16.958
We'll see...

03:08:17.083 --> 03:08:20.208
But I've said things here
from the heart, not the head.

03:08:20.375 --> 03:08:22.875
If I was smart,
I would've shut up more.

03:08:23.542 --> 03:08:24.750
Ibarra.

03:08:24.917 --> 03:08:26.542
One question, Luis.

03:08:26.708 --> 03:08:29.333
Do you think the 90s union model

03:08:29.542 --> 03:08:31.875
or "union of concentration",
as it was called,

03:08:32.000 --> 03:08:33.917
a legacy of the anti-Franco struggle,

03:08:34.042 --> 03:08:36.417
is repeatable today
in the micro-company?

03:08:36.625 --> 03:08:38.750
Also maybe some self-criticism?

03:08:38.917 --> 03:08:41.999
Don't you think union strategy
has to...?

03:08:42.125 --> 03:08:43.667
It has to change, sure,
but who's going to

03:08:43.833 --> 03:08:45.125
come up with a new one?

03:08:45.292 --> 03:08:46.999
Let's see who comes up with
and directs

03:08:47.125 --> 03:08:51.083
a new union strategy.

03:08:51.958 --> 03:08:54.750
Because I do believe in organization.

03:08:54.917 --> 03:08:57.750
If there's no organization,
conflicts die straight away.

03:08:57.917 --> 03:09:00.458
Without it, conflict dies very fast,

03:09:00.667 --> 03:09:02.583
and that's what some people want,

03:09:02.750 --> 03:09:06.750
no organization
or conflict resolution.

03:09:06.917 --> 03:09:08.458
Or even raised, right?

03:09:08.667 --> 03:09:11.625
Or even raised. That's hard,
a challenge for our union,

03:09:11.792 --> 03:09:12.792
and yours.

03:09:12.958 --> 03:09:16.667
Ours as an old and mature organization

03:09:16.833 --> 03:09:19.000
and yours as younger workers.

03:09:19.167 --> 03:09:20.750
You have a challenge ahead of you.

03:09:21.333 --> 03:09:24.875
I have to tell you
something else too, Raúl.

03:09:25.000 --> 03:09:29.958
The solution isn't a union one now.
The solution is political.

03:09:30.875 --> 03:09:34.208
Ours is a political conflict,

03:09:34.375 --> 03:09:36.750
we know that for sure.

03:09:36.917 --> 03:09:38.375
It's a major political conflict

03:09:38.583 --> 03:09:42.417
over and above the union arena,

03:09:42.625 --> 03:09:44.792
this must be fixed politically
or not at all.

03:09:44.958 --> 03:09:48.250
It's a political problem
that must be fixed politically.

03:09:49.042 --> 03:09:53.167
With political parties that dare
to take to the parliaments

03:09:53.333 --> 03:09:56.667
the social agenda people have.

03:09:57.375 --> 03:09:58.625
It's that simple.

03:09:58.792 --> 03:10:01.208
What happens is that the system

03:10:01.375 --> 03:10:03.458
is shielded from that,

03:10:03.667 --> 03:10:06.042
and now not even politics
fixes these things.

03:10:06.208 --> 03:10:08.417
Politicians have limited power

03:10:08.625 --> 03:10:12.792
and the "powers that be"
as we called them, hinder...

03:10:12.958 --> 03:10:17.999
In Spain the Spanish parliament
doesn't rule.

03:10:18.583 --> 03:10:20.250
It doesn't rule.

03:10:21.167 --> 03:10:22.958
In Spain the markets rule.

03:10:23.417 --> 03:10:25.458
The risk premium rules.

03:10:25.667 --> 03:10:28.792
In Spain entities rule
that no one voted for.

03:10:29.708 --> 03:10:30.875
No one voted for these people

03:10:31.000 --> 03:10:33.792
to change an article of
the Constitution, and they do.

03:10:33.958 --> 03:10:38.583
No one voted for them to
stop cuts, and we get cuts.

03:10:38.750 --> 03:10:40.917
No one voted for them.
How can you castigate...

03:10:41.042 --> 03:10:42.125
the European Union,

03:10:42.292 --> 03:10:44.875
if the EU set the 2012 cuts?

03:10:46.333 --> 03:10:50.042
The cuts we suffered in 2012
weren't set by the Spanish Parliament,

03:10:50.208 --> 03:10:52.208
they're just puppets.

03:10:52.375 --> 03:10:54.958
The Spanish Finance Minister
is called Angela Merkel.

03:10:55.083 --> 03:10:57.458
The Spanish Finance Minister
isn't called Guindos

03:10:57.667 --> 03:11:00.333
or Montoro or the socialist
that's in now.

03:11:00.542 --> 03:11:01.750
She's called Angela Merkel.

03:11:01.917 --> 03:11:03.958
Spain's decisions aren't made in Spain,

03:11:04.708 --> 03:11:06.000
but in arenas far away.

03:11:06.167 --> 03:11:09.208
And in arenas that are
hard to fight against.

03:11:10.292 --> 03:11:13.708
How can you fight the Troika?
Tell it to the Greeks.

03:11:13.875 --> 03:11:16.999
The Greeks have fought,
they had 14 general strikes.

03:11:17.125 --> 03:11:19.542
They had 14 general strikes

03:11:19.708 --> 03:11:22.542
and swallowed a cut of
200 billion euros.

03:11:22.708 --> 03:11:25.958
They swept that country.
With 14 general strikes.

03:11:26.083 --> 03:11:27.667
They were organized.

03:11:27.833 --> 03:11:30.250
I've been to international
unionist meetings

03:11:30.417 --> 03:11:32.208
and we all talked
and the Greeks yelled.

03:11:32.375 --> 03:11:35.458
It was odd.
I've been to unionist meetings,

03:11:35.667 --> 03:11:38.458
because I've been part of...

03:11:38.667 --> 03:11:41.083
international unionist meetings.

03:11:41.250 --> 03:11:43.083
I did a thing in Milan,

03:11:43.250 --> 03:11:45.917
I was in Warsaw and once in Madrid,

03:11:46.042 --> 03:11:49.417
at a unionist meeting and everyone
spoke and the Greeks yelled.

03:11:49.625 --> 03:11:53.000
They yelled everything,
yelled absolutely everything, and what?

03:11:53.167 --> 03:11:54.542
It came to nought.

03:11:54.708 --> 03:11:58.000
The EU subdued the maverick,

03:11:58.167 --> 03:12:00.958
despite their 14 general strikes,
their Syriza in government.

03:12:01.958 --> 03:12:05.250
Tsipras, the president of
the government, ended up...

03:12:05.417 --> 03:12:08.875
kneeling, he had to kneel
and do as he was told.

03:12:10.125 --> 03:12:12.417
That's another lesson for us.

03:12:13.083 --> 03:12:15.542
Now the Italians do as they please

03:12:15.708 --> 03:12:16.875
and no one dares to contradict them.

03:12:17.000 --> 03:12:19.708
The Italians, the fascists in power,

03:12:19.875 --> 03:12:21.625
will win the arm wrestle.

03:12:21.792 --> 03:12:22.917
They'll win it.

03:12:23.042 --> 03:12:26.417
Salvini said he's going to set a budget

03:12:26.625 --> 03:12:28.667
with a deficit of billions,

03:12:28.833 --> 03:12:31.125
and shove the deficit
where the sun doesn't shine.

03:12:31.292 --> 03:12:33.667
He's going to win
the arm wrestle with the EU.

03:12:33.833 --> 03:12:36.083
The EU has no balls with fascism

03:12:36.250 --> 03:12:39.458
but it does with unionism?

03:12:39.667 --> 03:12:45.542
The EU can kick around
those of us still on the left?

03:12:45.708 --> 03:12:47.958
But the EU, as powerful as it is,

03:12:48.083 --> 03:12:49.375
can't confront the new far-right?

03:12:49.583 --> 03:12:50.417
That's scary.

03:12:51.875 --> 03:12:53.958
What's going on there?

03:12:54.333 --> 03:12:57.042
Why don't I read that Italy's
risk premium is skyrocketing?

03:12:57.208 --> 03:12:58.208
I had to read in 2011

03:12:58.375 --> 03:13:00.042
that it was skyrocketing in Spain

03:13:00.208 --> 03:13:03.208
and we all endured the cuts.

03:13:03.375 --> 03:13:04.458
Or didn't you?

03:13:04.667 --> 03:13:06.458
All of you listening here
endured it.

03:13:07.042 --> 03:13:09.958
Everyone endured those cuts.

03:13:10.083 --> 03:13:11.333
Because the EU said so.

03:13:12.000 --> 03:13:14.875
You had the worst jobs
and wages in those years.

03:13:15.000 --> 03:13:17.792
Don't you remember?
All of you.

03:13:17.958 --> 03:13:18.625
Everyone.

03:13:18.792 --> 03:13:22.042
The EU ordered it, the EU.

03:13:22.208 --> 03:13:23.458
The EU ordered the cuts.

03:13:23.667 --> 03:13:25.625
Europe... Europe...

03:13:25.792 --> 03:13:27.792
fucks us over...

03:13:27.958 --> 03:13:31.292
The Italians fight the EU,
which doesn't have the balls

03:13:31.458 --> 03:13:33.167
to say to Salvini: "No,

03:13:33.333 --> 03:13:35.833
we're giving you fines, sanctions,
we'll crush you."

03:13:35.999 --> 03:13:38.542
You crush Greece but not Italy?

03:13:38.708 --> 03:13:40.750
You subdue Greece
with a leftist government,

03:13:40.917 --> 03:13:43.458
but not Italy with
an ultra-right government?

03:13:43.667 --> 03:13:45.542
Will Poland and Hungary defy you?

03:13:46.208 --> 03:13:49.875
We've only just let Poland
and Hungary into the club

03:13:50.000 --> 03:13:52.958
and now they're the local toughs?

03:13:54.000 --> 03:13:56.167
When they reflect on why
the EU is in crisis,

03:13:56.333 --> 03:13:57.375
they should reflect on that too.

03:14:02.750 --> 03:14:06.250
La Loma was a zone in Quitapellejos,

03:14:06.875 --> 03:14:11.625
hills that we've always been on,
our whole lives.

03:14:11.792 --> 03:14:15.292
I did my First Communion there,
my brother and sister did,

03:14:15.458 --> 03:14:17.208
it was a family spot

03:14:17.375 --> 03:14:20.792
and I wanted it to still be there.

03:14:20.958 --> 03:14:23.999
In the evenings,
when I'd finish work,

03:14:24.125 --> 03:14:27.250
I'd go there with my aunts and uncles,

03:14:27.417 --> 03:14:30.542
my uncle Manolo, my uncle Pepe,
my aunt Rosita,

03:14:30.708 --> 03:14:34.999
my aunt Paca, on all those sofas
we had, a ton of them,

03:14:35.125 --> 03:14:37.083
because my uncle was in removals,

03:14:37.250 --> 03:14:41.999
so it was a great atmosphere,

03:14:42.125 --> 03:14:45.167
I always loved it,
the horses we had,

03:14:45.333 --> 03:14:46.000
always as a family,

03:14:46.167 --> 03:14:48.833
we'd go every evening
to cool off in summer,

03:14:48.999 --> 03:14:53.708
there were eucalypts there,
you'd look at Cartagena

03:14:53.875 --> 03:14:56.833
and the whole port, Bazán,

03:14:57.667 --> 03:15:00.792
Ducks' Castle and the whole shit.

03:15:01.542 --> 03:15:06.208
If only, if only I could live
that time over again,

03:15:06.375 --> 03:15:09.750
because it was the happiest
of my life.

03:15:09.917 --> 03:15:12.750
Right now, that would be my dream.

03:15:15.042 --> 03:15:21.625
And something that you dream of,
but at night,

03:15:21.792 --> 03:15:24.000
tell me something, for example...

03:15:24.167 --> 03:15:25.542
Something recurring?

03:15:28.250 --> 03:15:29.833
Not being able to punch.

03:15:29.999 --> 03:15:30.999
You can't punch...?

03:15:31.125 --> 03:15:36.542
Yes, maybe we're in a fight
with some Nazis or something,

03:15:37.708 --> 03:15:42.417
and I'm in a jam, I punch away
and it's like this.

03:15:43.708 --> 03:15:45.833
That's what I dream lately.

03:15:45.999 --> 03:15:48.417
So you get up and it's like
"Fucking hell!"

03:15:48.833 --> 03:15:50.750
I do have the strength to punch.

03:15:50.917 --> 03:15:55.542
but in these dreams
I hit like really soft.

03:15:55.708 --> 03:15:59.042
I have that dream a lot lately.

03:15:59.667 --> 03:16:01.958
So you say: "Hey, man,

03:16:02.083 --> 03:16:06.000
I can hit hard...
Why am I hitting like this?"

03:16:06.167 --> 03:16:10.458
And that's loads of time.
Again and again, again and again...

03:16:10.667 --> 03:16:13.583
and then when I'm with the Nazis,
I beat the shit out of them.

03:16:13.750 --> 03:16:17.250
Maybe when I get back

03:16:17.417 --> 03:16:22.292
my fists are all busted up, like:

03:16:22.458 --> 03:16:25.000
"Man, I can punch hard,

03:16:25.167 --> 03:16:27.708
so why in my dreams do I hit...?",

03:16:27.875 --> 03:16:31.417
like this, you can't move,

03:16:31.625 --> 03:16:33.999
like you're hitting like a...

03:16:35.125 --> 03:16:37.875
That's happened to me
loads of times, like:

03:16:38.000 --> 03:16:40.000
"Fuck, why this dream?"

03:16:40.167 --> 03:16:44.750
I don't get it, maybe it's
the fear of being beaten up,

03:16:44.917 --> 03:16:47.917
which I have been before...
Why am I afraid of that?

03:16:48.042 --> 03:16:49.833
It's like a rain of punches.

03:16:51.292 --> 03:16:54.292
I've dreamt that loads of times.

03:16:54.458 --> 03:16:58.292
I'm trying to punch,
but I can't.

03:16:58.458 --> 03:16:59.833
I'm like this...

03:16:59.999 --> 03:17:01.667
and I can't do it.

03:17:01.833 --> 03:17:05.542
That's recurred loads of times
and I really don't know why.

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I don't see any fucking explanation.

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But anyway,

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in a fight with Nazis,
they won't forget me.

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Translatión: Lindsay Moxham

03:20:05.042 --> 03:20:06.500
Subtitles: LASERFILM