00:00:04.350 --> 00:00:09.260
Dangers of the new global
economy are to split societies.

00:00:09.260 --> 00:00:13.100
It's a challenge, certainly,
to developing countries.

00:00:13.100 --> 00:00:16.630
But it's also a
great opportunity.

00:00:16.630 --> 00:00:21.410
It seems really appalling,
that this disparity

00:00:21.410 --> 00:00:25.490
seems to get greater at a time
when there is so much wealth

00:00:25.490 --> 00:00:26.519
in the world today.

00:01:01.450 --> 00:01:05.489
On the streets of Sao Paulo
they greet her like a film star,

00:01:05.489 --> 00:01:07.840
though the only dream she's
selling is of a better city.

00:01:11.650 --> 00:01:16.350
She's 55, a mother of three,
a professional psychoanalyst,

00:01:16.350 --> 00:01:20.370
and a 21st century mayor.

00:01:20.370 --> 00:01:25.350
My city has lived 10 years
of abandon, corruption,

00:01:25.350 --> 00:01:27.310
and I thought that I could help.

00:01:27.310 --> 00:01:31.510
I could be a fresh, new
thing there that could help,

00:01:31.510 --> 00:01:35.250
mainly the people
excluded from everything

00:01:35.250 --> 00:01:37.790
that we have in the city.

00:01:37.790 --> 00:01:41.200
Marta used to give advice
about sex on Brazilian TV,

00:01:41.200 --> 00:01:43.310
but she's also a politician.

00:01:43.310 --> 00:01:45.720
And last October, on
a wave of goodwill,

00:01:45.720 --> 00:01:48.260
she was elected mayor of
Sao Paulo, the world's

00:01:48.260 --> 00:01:50.790
fourth-largest city.

00:01:50.790 --> 00:01:53.460
Do you share the
nightmarish vision

00:01:53.460 --> 00:01:57.390
that many people have of
the great science fiction

00:01:57.390 --> 00:02:00.070
mega-city of the 21st century?

00:02:00.070 --> 00:02:01.710
We have that already.

00:02:01.710 --> 00:02:04.940
I don't have nightmares
on the future.

00:02:04.940 --> 00:02:07.860
I have nightmares
on the present,

00:02:07.860 --> 00:02:10.110
and the challenge is
exactly to change that.

00:02:16.000 --> 00:02:19.870
Sao Paulo-- the city Marta runs,
where over 10 million people

00:02:19.870 --> 00:02:22.830
live their own dreams
and nightmares.

00:02:22.830 --> 00:02:24.325
This summer Marta
and politicians

00:02:24.325 --> 00:02:27.000
from across the world will
meet to review progress

00:02:27.000 --> 00:02:31.130
since the United Nations
City Summit five years ago.

00:02:31.130 --> 00:02:33.910
Their theme and ours in
this series of life--

00:02:33.910 --> 00:02:38.360
how to run the cities of the
21st century, the cities where

00:02:38.360 --> 00:02:41.719
in the next 10 years, most
people on the planet will live.

00:02:49.940 --> 00:02:53.760
If you look at the last 400
years what has happened,

00:02:53.760 --> 00:02:58.280
we started with empires,
most in the 19th century.

00:02:58.280 --> 00:03:01.420
We came to the nation
states of the 20th century.

00:03:01.420 --> 00:03:03.460
And believe me, through
globalization now,

00:03:03.460 --> 00:03:07.390
we are entering-- this
is a century of cities.

00:03:07.390 --> 00:03:10.400
It is a trend which
cannot be stopped.

00:03:10.400 --> 00:03:13.280
It is an economic trend, and
it is just a matter of time.

00:03:13.280 --> 00:03:15.570
And all predictions
now show that people

00:03:15.570 --> 00:03:19.580
are marching on to cities, even
in the developing countries.

00:03:19.580 --> 00:03:23.400
And the challenge, therefore,
facing us in this century,

00:03:23.400 --> 00:03:26.180
is how to make
cities a better place

00:03:26.180 --> 00:03:27.480
for the majority of the people.

00:03:30.140 --> 00:03:32.920
There are winners and losers
in the globalized economy,

00:03:32.920 --> 00:03:34.250
and Sao Paulo is a winner.

00:03:38.720 --> 00:03:41.425
Its stock exchange brings in
capital from across the world.

00:03:44.390 --> 00:03:47.620
It has a big stake in
the knowledge economy.

00:03:47.620 --> 00:03:50.350
It's a city of the educated,
the professionals who

00:03:50.350 --> 00:03:51.740
work downtown.

00:03:51.740 --> 00:03:52.720
I like it very much.

00:03:52.720 --> 00:03:54.445
It's a very nice city.

00:03:54.445 --> 00:03:57.690
I find it's a very good
city to be living in,

00:03:57.690 --> 00:04:00.370
because you have everything
you want to do here.

00:04:00.370 --> 00:04:02.290
The city is wonderful.

00:04:02.290 --> 00:04:04.160
I like the culture of Sao Paulo.

00:04:04.160 --> 00:04:06.390
I like Sao Paulo.

00:04:06.390 --> 00:04:07.340
There's work here.

00:04:11.710 --> 00:04:13.800
This Sao Paulo could
be any great global

00:04:13.800 --> 00:04:16.560
metropolis-- London,
New York, Tokyo.

00:04:19.959 --> 00:04:22.740
And just like any world
city, prosperous new elites

00:04:22.740 --> 00:04:26.420
are remaking whole neighborhoods
in their own image.

00:04:26.420 --> 00:04:28.160
It's been called
the Glamour Zone.

00:04:34.200 --> 00:04:37.450
The urban Glamour Zone
has fine restaurants,

00:04:37.450 --> 00:04:39.750
state-of-the-art
office buildings,

00:04:39.750 --> 00:04:41.610
state-of-the-art residences.

00:04:41.610 --> 00:04:42.440
It has it all.

00:04:42.440 --> 00:04:45.920
Beautiful streets, private
security, world class culture.

00:04:45.920 --> 00:04:48.440
Outsiders can traverse it.

00:04:48.440 --> 00:04:52.260
It's a space that can be
consumed as an experience,

00:04:52.260 --> 00:04:55.340
as an afternoon's
event, et cetera.

00:04:55.340 --> 00:04:59.990
I would say the defining mark
is the ascendance of design.

00:04:59.990 --> 00:05:04.430
You have the design lab,
design food, design people.

00:05:04.430 --> 00:05:06.750
They go to the
health clubs there.

00:05:06.750 --> 00:05:08.550
They're in perfect shape.

00:05:08.550 --> 00:05:10.490
The Glamour Zone
is for a minority,

00:05:10.490 --> 00:05:12.650
but it is enormously important.

00:05:12.650 --> 00:05:17.190
It's about 20% in Sao Paulo,
in Bangkok, in Bombay.

00:05:17.190 --> 00:05:20.050
So it is very different
from the old rich,

00:05:20.050 --> 00:05:23.710
who've always had their
space in the city.

00:05:26.930 --> 00:05:28.744
This is the
high-profile Sao Paulo,

00:05:28.744 --> 00:05:30.410
that's prospering in
the global economy.

00:05:33.320 --> 00:05:34.720
Down on the streets,
though, easy

00:05:34.720 --> 00:05:36.970
to forget-- the more
lowly-paid workers making

00:05:36.970 --> 00:05:40.680
their own contribution to the
city's service industries.

00:05:40.680 --> 00:05:42.710
If you take the
financial industry,

00:05:42.710 --> 00:05:43.685
it's highly globalized.

00:05:43.685 --> 00:05:47.910
But it needs cleaners, it needs
all kinds of low-wage service

00:05:47.910 --> 00:05:49.730
workers, it needs
truckers to drop off

00:05:49.730 --> 00:05:51.510
the software, and
the toilet paper.

00:05:51.510 --> 00:05:53.070
They also need that.

00:05:53.070 --> 00:05:57.470
There is a whole set of
jobs-- types of workers, types

00:05:57.470 --> 00:06:00.920
of firms, that are part
of the globalized sectors

00:06:00.920 --> 00:06:03.150
in these cities, that
they don't look like it,

00:06:03.150 --> 00:06:07.790
they're not recognized as such,
they are not valued as such.

00:06:07.790 --> 00:06:11.220
Isn't there a danger
in the 21st century,

00:06:11.220 --> 00:06:15.690
that the elites of the
big cities of the world

00:06:15.690 --> 00:06:17.250
have more in common
with each other?

00:06:17.250 --> 00:06:19.100
The lawyer in New York
has more in common

00:06:19.100 --> 00:06:22.360
with the lawyer in
Sao Paulo and Paris

00:06:22.360 --> 00:06:25.520
than the lawyer in Sao Paulo
does with their own workers,

00:06:25.520 --> 00:06:27.870
the people who wash his car?

00:06:27.870 --> 00:06:28.890
That happens.

00:06:28.890 --> 00:06:30.965
I read it's already
happening for so many times.

00:06:30.965 --> 00:06:32.090
What can you do about that?

00:06:32.090 --> 00:06:33.526
The challenge is to change that.

00:06:39.872 --> 00:06:41.330
But there are others
who don't have

00:06:41.330 --> 00:06:44.820
any stake in the global
economy at all-- those

00:06:44.820 --> 00:06:48.620
who can't even find jobs as
clerks or cleaners, who've

00:06:48.620 --> 00:06:50.960
fallen on hard times,
or drifted into crime.

00:06:54.590 --> 00:06:58.220
Over half a million Paulistas
live in so-called beehives,

00:06:58.220 --> 00:07:01.900
only a few blocks from
the Glamour Zone--

00:07:01.900 --> 00:07:04.900
the crowded tenements
of the excluded.

00:07:04.900 --> 00:07:06.480
The most important
thing, I think,

00:07:06.480 --> 00:07:09.290
which makes people
excluded in cities

00:07:09.290 --> 00:07:13.589
is their sense of isolation
in the midst of all this.

00:07:13.589 --> 00:07:15.130
It's such a
contradiction that you're

00:07:15.130 --> 00:07:17.810
in the midst of
this huge mega-city.

00:07:17.810 --> 00:07:20.720
You're part of it, and yet
you're excluded from it.

00:07:20.720 --> 00:07:24.920
And I think that's the real
crisis today in all cities.

00:07:24.920 --> 00:07:29.040
Citizenship is not universal,
It's, like, we and they.

00:07:29.040 --> 00:07:31.960
And the poor are there,
and there's confusion

00:07:31.960 --> 00:07:34.235
about whether they're citizens.

00:07:37.869 --> 00:07:40.160
These are the people who live
where the railway doesn't

00:07:40.160 --> 00:07:43.590
work anymore, where
they seem like refugees

00:07:43.590 --> 00:07:44.580
in their own country.

00:07:48.320 --> 00:07:51.094
These are the slums people
drive past, or drive over

00:07:51.094 --> 00:07:52.010
on their way downtown.

00:07:55.840 --> 00:07:58.110
The worst of these mean
and murderous streets

00:07:58.110 --> 00:07:59.730
have been called the War Zone.

00:08:04.300 --> 00:08:06.790
An urban war zone,
for me, is a part

00:08:06.790 --> 00:08:10.260
of the city that
has been neglected

00:08:10.260 --> 00:08:14.260
in terms of investments, that
has been neglected in terms

00:08:14.260 --> 00:08:20.100
of basic public services,
such as garbage collection,

00:08:20.100 --> 00:08:23.280
renewing the pavement
on the streets,

00:08:23.280 --> 00:08:26.480
et cetera-- very
elementary things.

00:08:26.480 --> 00:08:31.330
It's a zone where you have a
sense of a surplus population.

00:08:31.330 --> 00:08:34.305
You have a sense of
who needs these people?

00:08:36.870 --> 00:08:40.520
And also a sense that they
have been robbed of something,

00:08:40.520 --> 00:08:43.830
so that they cannot even
invent their own project,

00:08:43.830 --> 00:08:47.070
as to why they are there.

00:08:47.070 --> 00:08:51.340
We're talking about
something very bad.

00:08:51.340 --> 00:08:56.290
Today Marta, the people's
mayor, has come to the War Zone.

00:08:56.290 --> 00:08:59.590
She wants to do something about
poverty-- the inequalities that

00:08:59.590 --> 00:09:02.310
go with globalization.

00:09:02.310 --> 00:09:04.400
But what most people
care about right now

00:09:04.400 --> 00:09:07.900
is, not so much social
justice, as basic services

00:09:07.900 --> 00:09:11.250
like the state of the streets.

00:09:11.250 --> 00:09:13.930
Difficulty with any mega-city
is the twin dilemmas

00:09:13.930 --> 00:09:16.520
of attempting to deal with
providing basic services,

00:09:16.520 --> 00:09:19.450
and attempting to deal with the
massive amount of poverty that

00:09:19.450 --> 00:09:23.060
plagues so many of the
mega-cities of the world.

00:09:23.060 --> 00:09:26.590
So at one point, on one
hand, the mayor of Sao Paulo

00:09:26.590 --> 00:09:28.570
has to focus on
providing basic services,

00:09:28.570 --> 00:09:31.190
has to focus on primarily
safety, but also

00:09:31.190 --> 00:09:34.000
public transportation,
clean streets

00:09:34.000 --> 00:09:36.320
clean water, key services.

00:09:36.320 --> 00:09:41.730
At the same time, there's
a massive human desire

00:09:41.730 --> 00:09:43.950
to actually right the
wrongs of the world

00:09:43.950 --> 00:09:46.930
as embodied by the
thousands, and in Sao Paulo's

00:09:46.930 --> 00:09:49.650
case, millions of
disadvantaged youths

00:09:49.650 --> 00:09:51.180
who are growing up there.

00:09:51.180 --> 00:09:53.260
And I think the greatest
challenge facing

00:09:53.260 --> 00:09:56.485
the leader of the city is how
do you balance those two needs.

00:10:00.540 --> 00:10:02.490
What's brought the
millions of disadvantaged

00:10:02.490 --> 00:10:06.090
to cities like Sao Paolo is
rural poverty and elusive

00:10:06.090 --> 00:10:08.260
promise of urban prosperity.

00:10:08.260 --> 00:10:10.560
They've just turned up
and built shacks here

00:10:10.560 --> 00:10:13.390
on the edge of the city.

00:10:13.390 --> 00:10:15.350
No matter what happens
in these large growing

00:10:15.350 --> 00:10:17.810
mega-cities in
developing countries,

00:10:17.810 --> 00:10:20.800
people-- there is
a high-rise of what

00:10:20.800 --> 00:10:23.120
you call spontaneous
settlements, to some people

00:10:23.120 --> 00:10:24.280
popularly known as slums.

00:10:24.280 --> 00:10:26.930
But sums are nothing but
spontaneous settlements.

00:10:26.930 --> 00:10:29.710
People come, they
need a place to sleep,

00:10:29.710 --> 00:10:31.912
there is no flat to
which they can get to.

00:10:31.912 --> 00:10:33.620
If there is a flat,
they don't have rent.

00:10:33.620 --> 00:10:34.453
They can't pay rent.

00:10:34.453 --> 00:10:36.710
So they put up their
own little place

00:10:36.710 --> 00:10:40.632
to stay, normally by
squatting on land.

00:10:43.440 --> 00:10:46.120
Over 400,000
families in Sao Paulo

00:10:46.120 --> 00:10:48.740
lack what the city
authorities call even

00:10:48.740 --> 00:10:50.020
minimally decent housing.

00:10:54.610 --> 00:10:56.530
In neighborhoods
like Guananases,

00:10:56.530 --> 00:10:58.280
Sao Paulo has
built better homes.

00:11:01.230 --> 00:11:06.670
But the new housing meant
altering the flow of the river,

00:11:06.670 --> 00:11:08.730
and the altered river
flooded the homes

00:11:08.730 --> 00:11:11.180
of those who hadn't been chosen
to live in the new houses.

00:11:19.870 --> 00:11:22.080
When the flood happened,
everything inside the house

00:11:22.080 --> 00:11:24.510
was ruined.

00:11:24.510 --> 00:11:27.485
Me and the kids were inside, and
we had to climb over the walls.

00:11:30.030 --> 00:11:34.480
There was a flood on
Friday, and again on Sunday.

00:11:34.480 --> 00:11:36.220
On Sunday, we had
time to run outside,

00:11:36.220 --> 00:11:39.030
but everything
was flooded again.

00:11:39.030 --> 00:11:40.433
And now the house
is cracking up.

00:11:45.760 --> 00:11:48.960
Scenes like this in a
relatively prosperous country

00:11:48.960 --> 00:11:51.310
lead some to argue
decent housing should

00:11:51.310 --> 00:11:54.410
be a human right.

00:11:54.410 --> 00:11:58.500
The world, I think,
is rich enough today--

00:11:58.500 --> 00:12:02.800
internationally, globally, to
provide decent housing, as well

00:12:02.800 --> 00:12:05.510
as decent food, and
decent health care,

00:12:05.510 --> 00:12:07.620
to everyone on the planet.

00:12:07.620 --> 00:12:09.930
I think the resources are there.

00:12:09.930 --> 00:12:12.790
The question is
how they are used.

00:12:12.790 --> 00:12:16.560
And the idea that it
should be the right

00:12:16.560 --> 00:12:19.970
of the citizen of
any civilized country

00:12:19.970 --> 00:12:22.210
to have a standard
of housing that's

00:12:22.210 --> 00:12:27.430
commensurate with
maintaining decent health,

00:12:27.430 --> 00:12:32.400
maintaining the possibilities of
getting ahead in life, I think

00:12:32.400 --> 00:12:35.840
that possibility
is there, and ought

00:12:35.840 --> 00:12:37.530
to be recognized everywhere.

00:12:42.890 --> 00:12:45.620
Out here, in the illegal
city, are whole neighborhoods

00:12:45.620 --> 00:12:48.290
that lack not just
decent housing, but most

00:12:48.290 --> 00:12:52.070
basic services, far beyond
the reach of the law

00:12:52.070 --> 00:12:55.360
and and the government.

00:12:55.360 --> 00:12:56.950
Last year we filmed
with the posse,

00:12:56.950 --> 00:12:59.420
a group of young people
trying to organize some

00:12:59.420 --> 00:13:01.470
of the services middle
class neighborhoods

00:13:01.470 --> 00:13:04.750
expect the city to provide.

00:13:04.750 --> 00:13:06.810
Most of the posse are
in their twenties.

00:13:06.810 --> 00:13:11.100
In the illegal
suburbs, that's old.

00:13:11.100 --> 00:13:13.390
People who come
to the city, they

00:13:13.390 --> 00:13:15.870
have quite the last
decade been living

00:13:15.870 --> 00:13:17.950
in the borders of the city.

00:13:17.950 --> 00:13:21.820
And this place that
we found out probably

00:13:21.820 --> 00:13:25.290
about 11 regions of the
city that don't have

00:13:25.290 --> 00:13:28.950
any presence of government.

00:13:28.950 --> 00:13:30.800
And these regions
are the regions

00:13:30.800 --> 00:13:36.100
that have grown more,
like 100% in 10 years.

00:13:36.100 --> 00:13:41.380
And half of the population
has less than 18 years old.

00:13:48.020 --> 00:13:50.650
The Posse have
their own rap band.

00:13:50.650 --> 00:13:54.320
They sing about young
criminals and young victims,

00:13:54.320 --> 00:13:56.920
easy to find in
the city that can

00:13:56.920 --> 00:13:58.800
see 50 murders in a weekend.

00:14:10.910 --> 00:14:15.590
When people have are tarnished
of the kind of violence

00:14:15.590 --> 00:14:19.740
we are having in a big city like
Sao Paulo, I'm not the tarnish.

00:14:19.740 --> 00:14:22.040
If you have half of the
population in these poor

00:14:22.040 --> 00:14:26.100
sections, that have
less than 18 years old,

00:14:26.100 --> 00:14:30.660
and they have no access to
education, no perspective,

00:14:30.660 --> 00:14:32.710
and they cannot see a
light in the tunnel,

00:14:32.710 --> 00:14:34.320
No prospects.

00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:37.110
Their prospects are nothing.

00:14:37.110 --> 00:14:38.800
How can you think
they are not going

00:14:38.800 --> 00:14:41.070
to be violent or delinquent?

00:14:44.420 --> 00:14:47.580
Posse member Du has been coming
downtown to the Glamour Zone

00:14:47.580 --> 00:14:48.830
to work.

00:14:48.830 --> 00:14:52.404
He's sad, but not surprised
others come here to rob.

00:14:55.090 --> 00:14:57.670
If we had a fair
distribution of wealth,

00:14:57.670 --> 00:14:59.860
the kids from the suburbs
wouldn't come downtown

00:14:59.860 --> 00:15:01.230
to steal a few dollars.

00:15:01.230 --> 00:15:10.570
[SPEAKING PORTUGUESE]

00:15:10.570 --> 00:15:14.390
Du is as keen as anyone the
new mayor makes Sao Paulo safe.

00:15:14.390 --> 00:15:16.265
One thing that can
be done-- you're

00:15:16.265 --> 00:15:18.054
talking specifically
about Sao Paulo,

00:15:18.054 --> 00:15:19.220
which is a local phenomenon.

00:15:19.220 --> 00:15:20.865
And it's very important
for the welfare of the poor

00:15:20.865 --> 00:15:22.800
is actually providing
safe streets.

00:15:22.800 --> 00:15:24.730
And you say it's sort
of a basic service.

00:15:24.730 --> 00:15:27.660
But if you think about what
are basic rights that we think

00:15:27.660 --> 00:15:30.060
kids are entitled to--
security of property rights,

00:15:30.060 --> 00:15:32.290
security of life is
really way up there.

00:15:32.290 --> 00:15:35.170
And if we think about the things
that actually are barriers

00:15:35.170 --> 00:15:38.980
to investing in skills--
having unsafe streets,

00:15:38.980 --> 00:15:41.330
having a flourishing drug
trade that distracts you

00:15:41.330 --> 00:15:44.210
from actually going to school--
is a tremendous handicap

00:15:44.210 --> 00:15:45.910
that poor people face.

00:15:45.910 --> 00:15:48.653
Solving the problems
of local crime

00:15:48.653 --> 00:15:50.600
are absolutely mayor's
responsibilities.

00:15:54.530 --> 00:15:56.270
For the young people
in the suburbs

00:15:56.270 --> 00:15:58.920
education is more
than a basic need.

00:15:58.920 --> 00:16:00.600
It's a vital priority
if they're to have

00:16:00.600 --> 00:16:02.545
any chance of a stake
in the global economy.

00:16:05.790 --> 00:16:08.570
But despite the good work
in the Posse's local school,

00:16:08.570 --> 00:16:13.770
one out of three Paulistas have
trouble reading and writing.

00:16:13.770 --> 00:16:16.300
The teacher's boss knows
the city has to do better.

00:16:19.130 --> 00:16:23.620
Sao Paulo is such an important
city in Latin America

00:16:23.620 --> 00:16:28.580
that we have to have
qualified people for service.

00:16:28.580 --> 00:16:30.976
Because it was an industrial
city at the beginning

00:16:30.976 --> 00:16:31.600
of the century.

00:16:31.600 --> 00:16:34.500
Now it's more and
more a service city.

00:16:34.500 --> 00:16:36.170
In order to have a
service city, you

00:16:36.170 --> 00:16:39.360
have to have very
qualified people.

00:16:39.360 --> 00:16:42.070
And we still don't have
as many as we need.

00:16:42.070 --> 00:16:45.990
So the biggest challenge to
make Sao Paulo globalized

00:16:45.990 --> 00:16:50.510
in a good sense for opportunity
for the citizens of Sao Paulo,

00:16:50.510 --> 00:16:52.250
we have to have education.

00:16:52.250 --> 00:16:56.542
And that's something that I
put big effort to acquire.

00:16:59.910 --> 00:17:01.480
But kids can't study
if they're sick.

00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:08.190
The clinic in San Miguel
treats age-old problems

00:17:08.190 --> 00:17:10.079
and the special
illnesses of the city.

00:17:15.079 --> 00:17:18.910
I know a lot of babies and
two- and three-year old kids,

00:17:18.910 --> 00:17:22.650
and older ones, suffering
respiratory problems because

00:17:22.650 --> 00:17:23.460
of the pollution.

00:17:29.840 --> 00:17:32.810
Hospitals of Sao Paulo--
they're the best of the country.

00:17:32.810 --> 00:17:38.310
But at the same time,
the pollution of the air,

00:17:38.310 --> 00:17:41.680
and the quality of life
that's very stressing,

00:17:41.680 --> 00:17:48.260
all that-- that makes
it worse for health.

00:17:48.260 --> 00:17:51.410
Infectious waterborne diseases
are another big city health

00:17:51.410 --> 00:17:51.910
hazard.

00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:57.190
This morning they're
checking vaccination cards.

00:17:59.960 --> 00:18:02.580
Providing the basic services
that can prevent illness

00:18:02.580 --> 00:18:05.760
is another of the new
mayor's priorities.

00:18:05.760 --> 00:18:09.920
The most fundamental
issue of their health

00:18:09.920 --> 00:18:12.820
requires that certain
basic essentials

00:18:12.820 --> 00:18:15.430
are provided to the whole city.

00:18:15.430 --> 00:18:19.420
You need to create access to
clean water for everybody.

00:18:19.420 --> 00:18:22.970
You have to get rid of
everybody's solid waste.

00:18:22.970 --> 00:18:24.120
You have to clean garbage.

00:18:24.120 --> 00:18:27.040
You can't say I only clean
garbage here, and not here.

00:18:27.040 --> 00:18:29.360
Because the flies don't
know the boundaries.

00:18:29.360 --> 00:18:34.800
So things like that have to
be planned for the whole city.

00:18:34.800 --> 00:18:37.450
Marta knows that for
many women in Sao Paulo,

00:18:37.450 --> 00:18:41.750
domestic violence is also
a serious health issue.

00:18:41.750 --> 00:18:46.450
Today she's visiting a shelter
that helps battered women.

00:18:46.450 --> 00:18:48.559
Men have abused the women here.

00:18:48.559 --> 00:18:49.600
The city has helped them.

00:18:52.280 --> 00:18:54.970
This house, for me,
is like a mother,

00:18:54.970 --> 00:18:58.020
and I would like to
pass it onto all women.

00:18:58.020 --> 00:19:02.980
In this house I was reborn and
a educated for another life.

00:19:02.980 --> 00:19:05.640
Today I'm a new woman,
thanks to the professionals

00:19:05.640 --> 00:19:08.208
working in this shelter.

00:19:08.208 --> 00:19:12.968
[APPLAUSE]

00:19:12.968 --> 00:19:14.872
Violence is very great here.

00:19:14.872 --> 00:19:16.614
And there are very
few places where

00:19:16.614 --> 00:19:19.526
a woman can go for
help-- physical help

00:19:19.526 --> 00:19:21.860
and psychological counseling.

00:19:21.860 --> 00:19:25.090
Many times a woman is afraid
and doesn't go for help.

00:19:25.090 --> 00:19:28.290
And knowing that a
place like that exists,

00:19:28.290 --> 00:19:30.680
that will help her to come.

00:19:30.680 --> 00:19:33.790
The success of the shelter, and
of the woman who's visiting,

00:19:33.790 --> 00:19:36.640
are signs that even macho
cities like Sao Paulo

00:19:36.640 --> 00:19:38.930
can become places of
opportunity for women.

00:19:42.570 --> 00:19:45.840
The space of the city is
actually enabling women.

00:19:45.840 --> 00:19:47.950
And this represents
a radical departure

00:19:47.950 --> 00:19:51.470
from a very common image
that the space of the city

00:19:51.470 --> 00:19:52.930
is dangerous for women.

00:19:52.930 --> 00:19:56.420
Remember that novels
from the 1800s

00:19:56.420 --> 00:19:57.520
already were full of that.

00:19:57.520 --> 00:19:59.800
And I think that what the
last 20 years are showing,

00:19:59.800 --> 00:20:03.910
especially the last 10 years,
is that the space of the city

00:20:03.910 --> 00:20:06.950
begins to enable women
and they can emerge

00:20:06.950 --> 00:20:10.090
as political subjects
in a way that they did

00:20:10.090 --> 00:20:12.650
not 20 years ago, 30 years ago.

00:20:12.650 --> 00:20:15.010
And that they do not still,
I think, in small towns

00:20:15.010 --> 00:20:15.635
and in suburbs.

00:20:18.390 --> 00:20:21.050
The 21st century is ours.

00:20:21.050 --> 00:20:22.200
No doubt.

00:20:22.200 --> 00:20:26.320
I don't think, even in a
machoistic country like Brazil,

00:20:26.320 --> 00:20:31.540
being a woman today is
something that goes against you.

00:20:31.540 --> 00:20:34.710
At least for me, it has
helped several times.

00:20:34.710 --> 00:20:40.170
Because I think people think
women are more harnessed and so

00:20:40.170 --> 00:20:43.231
they respect women in the
sense of dealing with many--

00:20:43.231 --> 00:20:44.980
But cities are built
for men, aren't they?

00:20:44.980 --> 00:20:46.690
Built by men, for men.

00:20:46.690 --> 00:20:47.310
That's true.

00:20:47.310 --> 00:20:52.900
But poverty-- who deals
most with poverty are women.

00:20:52.900 --> 00:20:55.370
But back in
poverty-stricken Guananazas,

00:20:55.370 --> 00:20:58.620
they remember how the council's
well-intentioned schemes

00:20:58.620 --> 00:20:59.770
caused so much damage.

00:21:02.650 --> 00:21:05.275
Here even the women are cynical
about the new mayor's promises.

00:21:08.090 --> 00:21:11.660
Why don't we quite so I
don't believe any of it

00:21:11.660 --> 00:21:15.110
any more because every
time a new government

00:21:15.110 --> 00:21:18.670
starts, they make
a lot of promises.

00:21:18.670 --> 00:21:20.560
First, there was Maluf.

00:21:20.560 --> 00:21:23.370
He promised a lot,
but never delivered.

00:21:23.370 --> 00:21:27.165
Then there was Pitta
and now it's Marta.

00:21:27.165 --> 00:21:29.030
It's only a beginning
for her, but I

00:21:29.030 --> 00:21:31.040
don't believe it any more.

00:21:31.040 --> 00:21:34.320
Here in Brazil, it's all
just plans and promises.

00:21:36.910 --> 00:21:39.100
I don't feel like a
citizen of Sao Paulo.

00:21:39.100 --> 00:21:43.480
I feel like an animal, an animal
that nobody feels sorry for.

00:21:43.480 --> 00:21:46.030
The government, mayor,
the local politicians,

00:21:46.030 --> 00:21:48.980
they never come around,
unless it's election time.

00:21:48.980 --> 00:21:50.600
They're just worried
about our votes.

00:21:54.880 --> 00:21:57.920
With cynicism so ingrained,
the new mayor of Sao Paulo

00:21:57.920 --> 00:22:01.130
may need all the encouragement
she can get from the colleagues

00:22:01.130 --> 00:22:03.880
and experts she'll meet
at the UN's conference

00:22:03.880 --> 00:22:05.830
on cities this summer.

00:22:05.830 --> 00:22:11.030
What do you think is the biggest
challenge confronting someone

00:22:11.030 --> 00:22:16.200
starting to run a
city like Sao Paulo?

00:22:16.200 --> 00:22:19.280
Well, I think that
the biggest challenge

00:22:19.280 --> 00:22:21.060
will be, first of
all, to reach out

00:22:21.060 --> 00:22:24.250
with the stakeholders
of Sao Paulo.

00:22:24.250 --> 00:22:26.010
Who are the people of Sao Paulo?

00:22:26.010 --> 00:22:28.330
I'm sure you have the financial
magnates of Sao Paulo.

00:22:28.330 --> 00:22:30.400
You have the industrialists
of Sao Paulo.

00:22:30.400 --> 00:22:33.610
But you also have the poor
of Sao Paulo, the homeless.

00:22:33.610 --> 00:22:36.350
So my message, my advice--
my humble advice, if I could,

00:22:36.350 --> 00:22:39.230
would be that first of all,
to get to know the people,

00:22:39.230 --> 00:22:40.590
and to listen to them.

00:22:40.590 --> 00:22:41.780
What have they seen?

00:22:41.780 --> 00:22:44.330
Because you see, the
poor of the cities,

00:22:44.330 --> 00:22:47.780
they are not just
passive objects.

00:22:47.780 --> 00:22:49.780
Most often, they are
solving their own problems.

00:22:49.780 --> 00:22:52.042
These people are taking care
of themselves, actually.

00:22:52.042 --> 00:22:54.250
They are putting up, as I
said, their own spontaneous

00:22:54.250 --> 00:22:55.589
settlement.

00:22:55.589 --> 00:22:57.630
They are taking care of
their living environment.

00:22:57.630 --> 00:23:01.060
So if you listen, I think
that's why I'm talking

00:23:01.060 --> 00:23:03.160
about participatory governance.

00:23:03.160 --> 00:23:06.720
That if the mayor of
Sao Paulo I believe

00:23:06.720 --> 00:23:11.282
if he or she would sit down with
the constitutent and listen,

00:23:11.282 --> 00:23:12.740
most of the problems
will be solved

00:23:12.740 --> 00:23:13.840
by the people themselves.

00:23:13.840 --> 00:23:14.660
They are the key.

00:23:14.660 --> 00:23:16.540
The people of Sao
Paulo are the key

00:23:16.540 --> 00:23:18.070
to the problems of Sao Paulo.

00:23:18.070 --> 00:23:20.860
I think everybody
has a right to hope

00:23:20.860 --> 00:23:23.430
and I think most people
who come into cities

00:23:23.430 --> 00:23:26.540
come to transform the
lives of their children,

00:23:26.540 --> 00:23:28.610
if not for themselves.

00:23:28.610 --> 00:23:31.850
And in most cases, if you talk
to even the poorest person who

00:23:31.850 --> 00:23:33.970
lives in the city,
they will tell you

00:23:33.970 --> 00:23:36.440
that 10 years of
living in the city

00:23:36.440 --> 00:23:39.610
has transformed the
choices for their children,

00:23:39.610 --> 00:23:42.560
even if there are
many more steps to go.

00:23:42.560 --> 00:23:45.980
So I think, whether you're
rich, or you're poor,

00:23:45.980 --> 00:23:48.700
cities provide you
that opportunity.

00:23:48.700 --> 00:23:51.780
And everybody has a right
to explore that option.

00:23:51.780 --> 00:23:55.260
So do you look to these
great, sprawling cities

00:23:55.260 --> 00:24:00.250
as being a nightmare,
or symbols of hope?

00:24:00.250 --> 00:24:02.164
Definitely symbols of hope.

00:24:04.910 --> 00:24:07.030
I certainly don't think
we should despair.

00:24:07.030 --> 00:24:09.470
I think Sao Paulo does have
a huge amount of promise.

00:24:09.470 --> 00:24:10.280
Absolutely.

00:24:10.280 --> 00:24:11.696
There are some
cities, and I would

00:24:11.696 --> 00:24:14.290
classify Sao Paulo as one of
them, that basically exist

00:24:14.290 --> 00:24:16.360
for sound economic principles.

00:24:16.360 --> 00:24:19.720
It doesn't mean that the poverty
that these mega cities have

00:24:19.720 --> 00:24:21.525
brought to light
isn't distressing.

00:24:21.525 --> 00:24:24.670
It doesn't mean that we
don't need to address that.

00:24:24.670 --> 00:24:27.600
But putting a halt to its
growth is not the right answer.

00:24:27.600 --> 00:24:29.300
The right answer is
a national policy

00:24:29.300 --> 00:24:32.320
to lift the poor
everywhere, not to block

00:24:32.320 --> 00:24:34.070
the movement of the
poor to the employment

00:24:34.070 --> 00:24:35.200
opportunities of Sao Paulo.

00:24:38.130 --> 00:24:40.770
I think Sao Paulo
is a wonderful city.

00:24:40.770 --> 00:24:43.030
I think it's got a
range of opportunities,

00:24:43.030 --> 00:24:50.510
a range of offerings, a variety,
a diversity that is very rich.

00:24:50.510 --> 00:24:53.400
And that it can be
a wonderful place--

00:24:53.400 --> 00:24:56.710
and is, for many pwople--
a wonderful place to live.

00:24:56.710 --> 00:24:59.501
And that can be true in other
21st century cities, too?

00:24:59.501 --> 00:25:00.000
Yes.

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:00.690
I think so.

00:25:03.770 --> 00:25:06.060
In the Parazapola
favela, schoolkids

00:25:06.060 --> 00:25:10.860
try and persuade their neighbors
to recycle plastic bags.

00:25:10.860 --> 00:25:12.810
The new mayor hopes
that she can harness

00:25:12.810 --> 00:25:14.860
the spirit of these
children and turn

00:25:14.860 --> 00:25:16.890
the residents of the
Glamour zone, the War

00:25:16.890 --> 00:25:20.425
Zone, and the illegal city into
residents of one community.

00:25:23.050 --> 00:25:25.720
Something unique has
happened in my city.

00:25:25.720 --> 00:25:28.730
The city was in such
a state of corruption

00:25:28.730 --> 00:25:32.530
and abandon that people
from all social levels

00:25:32.530 --> 00:25:35.620
are giving their hands,
and say we want to help.

00:25:35.620 --> 00:25:37.410
You can see that in a janitor.

00:25:37.410 --> 00:25:41.030
You can see that in
the big entrepreneur.

00:25:41.030 --> 00:25:44.970
So if I do it right, and
if I articulate right,

00:25:44.970 --> 00:25:47.850
all these people, all this
effort, and all this emotion,

00:25:47.850 --> 00:25:49.780
it can go as far
as that, I think

00:25:49.780 --> 00:25:51.380
we can make a
difference in this city.

00:25:51.380 --> 00:25:53.930
Even with all the
limits we have,

00:25:53.930 --> 00:25:56.880
if we have a competent
administration,

00:25:56.880 --> 00:25:59.930
honest administration that
really cares for the people,

00:25:59.930 --> 00:26:03.030
we can do it.

00:26:03.030 --> 00:26:05.300
Marta has four years
to make a difference

00:26:05.300 --> 00:26:06.950
before she faces reelection.

00:26:11.000 --> 00:26:12.690
In this Series of
Life, we'll be looking

00:26:12.690 --> 00:26:15.380
at the challenges which face
the world's other cities,

00:26:15.380 --> 00:26:18.410
big and small, and the
three billion people who

00:26:18.410 --> 00:26:20.754
live in them.