00:00:20.874 --> 00:00:40.290
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:00:40.290 --> 00:00:43.130
For 200 years, the Mountain
West has filled our

00:00:43.130 --> 00:00:45.300
imaginations.

00:00:45.300 --> 00:00:49.980
Yeah, the smell of sage and
red dust, the sound of the

00:00:49.980 --> 00:00:53.372
wind over the prairie--

00:00:53.372 --> 00:00:55.590
this is the home of the cowboy,

00:00:55.590 --> 00:00:57.045
America's national hero.

00:01:07.040 --> 00:01:10.780
But the West is fast becoming
a place that an old-timer

00:01:10.780 --> 00:01:12.030
might not recognize.

00:01:15.470 --> 00:01:18.020
This whole area here
has been developed

00:01:18.020 --> 00:01:19.170
in the last 20 years.

00:01:19.170 --> 00:01:20.850
And I feel like Rip
van Winkle.

00:01:20.850 --> 00:01:21.500
I laid down.

00:01:21.500 --> 00:01:25.540
And I woke up in
another world.

00:01:25.540 --> 00:01:27.650
Nobody's making any more land.

00:01:27.650 --> 00:01:30.280
What was there 100 years
ago in this state

00:01:30.280 --> 00:01:31.600
is still here today.

00:01:31.600 --> 00:01:35.580
We haven't made one more
square inch of country.

00:01:35.580 --> 00:01:37.580
But we sure built
a lot of homes.

00:01:37.580 --> 00:01:42.770
[NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING]

00:01:42.770 --> 00:01:45.920
The first conquest of the West
happened in the 19th century

00:01:45.920 --> 00:01:47.645
when Native Americans
were vanquished.

00:01:51.530 --> 00:01:54.320
The second conquest is now.

00:01:54.320 --> 00:01:57.125
But this time, the victim
is the land itself.

00:02:02.840 --> 00:02:05.640
Today, the West is being
conquered by highways,

00:02:05.640 --> 00:02:09.690
subdivisions, and strip malls.

00:02:09.690 --> 00:02:13.650
If everyone's worst horror story
about the settlement of

00:02:13.650 --> 00:02:15.880
the West is Los Angeles, we are

00:02:15.880 --> 00:02:18.010
replicating that in spades.

00:02:18.010 --> 00:02:22.130
And it's going so fast now that
we're running scared, to

00:02:22.130 --> 00:02:23.950
be real honest with you.

00:02:23.950 --> 00:02:27.230
Some of the most god awful
places on Earth were once

00:02:27.230 --> 00:02:29.210
lovely places, you know?

00:02:29.210 --> 00:02:30.890
We are becoming something.

00:02:30.890 --> 00:02:33.860
We're going to see so the most
incredible vistas and open

00:02:33.860 --> 00:02:38.640
spaces be plowed under into a
sea of rooftops and acres of

00:02:38.640 --> 00:02:39.890
parking lots.

00:02:42.640 --> 00:02:43.890
It's called sprawl.

00:02:46.180 --> 00:02:48.610
From New York to California,
it's spreading outward

00:02:48.610 --> 00:02:54.030
unchecked, erasing 50,000 square
miles of open land in

00:02:54.030 --> 00:02:55.280
half a lifetime.

00:02:57.310 --> 00:03:00.970
This story is set in the
Mountain West, but it's a tale

00:03:00.970 --> 00:03:04.780
for all Americans about the
costs of sprawl and why it

00:03:04.780 --> 00:03:06.140
keeps roving on.

00:03:08.830 --> 00:03:12.310
It's also a search
for solutions.

00:03:12.310 --> 00:03:17.750
For people working on
alternatives to sprawl, the

00:03:17.750 --> 00:03:22.390
question is, will we choose
better ways to grow before we

00:03:22.390 --> 00:03:25.944
destroy the last best places?

00:03:25.944 --> 00:03:59.822
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:04:05.726 --> 00:04:09.662
[SHOUTING]

00:04:09.662 --> 00:04:10.154
Shoo!

00:04:10.154 --> 00:04:10.646
Come on.

00:04:10.646 --> 00:04:11.630
Get through there.

00:04:11.630 --> 00:04:13.106
Somebody make the move.

00:04:13.106 --> 00:04:17.514
[SHOUTING]

00:04:17.514 --> 00:04:18.840
Shoo!

00:04:18.840 --> 00:04:20.170
Shoo!

00:04:20.170 --> 00:04:20.802
Shoo!

00:04:20.802 --> 00:04:23.120
Hey, slow down, babies.

00:04:23.120 --> 00:04:25.230
Lynn Sharratt runs a
cattle ranch near

00:04:25.230 --> 00:04:28.490
Steamboat Springs, Colorado.

00:04:28.490 --> 00:04:31.650
My family has been here since
right after the Civil War.

00:04:31.650 --> 00:04:34.620
It was my grandmother's
grandfather who homesteaded.

00:04:34.620 --> 00:04:37.460
We were spoon fed with
the importance of

00:04:37.460 --> 00:04:38.660
preserving the land.

00:04:38.660 --> 00:04:40.160
It's our livelihood.

00:04:40.160 --> 00:04:44.440
And it benefits us and behoves
us to take the best care of it

00:04:44.440 --> 00:04:45.586
that we can.

00:04:45.586 --> 00:04:46.740
Come on, girls.

00:04:46.740 --> 00:04:49.068
Get down out of here.

00:04:49.068 --> 00:04:55.050
[SHOUTING]

00:04:55.050 --> 00:04:58.130
These wide open spaces in
the West are legendary.

00:04:58.130 --> 00:05:00.160
But in the years we've been
here, we've really seen

00:05:00.160 --> 00:05:02.545
development really start
to have its way.

00:05:02.545 --> 00:05:06.670
And one small valley alone that
I was raised in used to

00:05:06.670 --> 00:05:09.050
be almost sacred.

00:05:09.050 --> 00:05:11.860
I mean, it was one of the last
few places left where

00:05:11.860 --> 00:05:13.960
development really hadn't
touched it.

00:05:13.960 --> 00:05:16.400
And in the last two weeks, three
of those ranches have

00:05:16.400 --> 00:05:17.650
gone up for sale.

00:05:22.490 --> 00:05:27.160
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:05:27.160 --> 00:05:29.595
Up to one third of the private
ranch land in the

00:05:29.595 --> 00:05:31.510
West is now for sale.

00:05:31.510 --> 00:05:35.850
The old promise of an endless
frontier is seducing a new

00:05:35.850 --> 00:05:37.265
generation.

00:05:37.265 --> 00:05:39.245
[TRUMPET BLOWS]

00:05:39.245 --> 00:05:41.720
[DRUM ROLL]

00:05:41.720 --> 00:05:43.700
[CANNONS FIRE]

00:05:43.700 --> 00:05:49.660
[PEOPLE SHOUTING]

00:05:49.660 --> 00:05:53.070
People came out to the West
because it was part of the

00:05:53.070 --> 00:05:56.830
dream-scape of the American
mystique.

00:05:56.830 --> 00:05:59.160
It really goes way back in
American history, of,

00:05:59.160 --> 00:06:00.580
go west, young man.

00:06:00.580 --> 00:06:01.810
This was the place you came.

00:06:01.810 --> 00:06:02.740
And it was wide open.

00:06:02.740 --> 00:06:04.080
It was unfenced.

00:06:04.080 --> 00:06:05.430
It was free to roam.

00:06:05.430 --> 00:06:08.010
This has been going on for
well over 150 years.

00:06:08.010 --> 00:06:11.090
It's just that now our
technologies, our finances

00:06:11.090 --> 00:06:13.850
allow us to do this
that much quicker.

00:06:13.850 --> 00:06:17.170
Starting up in places like
Denver and Salt Lake City and

00:06:17.170 --> 00:06:20.570
Phoenix and Boise, all over the
West, we're spreading out

00:06:20.570 --> 00:06:23.170
from those areas and carving
up the landscape at a

00:06:23.170 --> 00:06:24.580
prodigious rate.

00:06:24.580 --> 00:06:34.320
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:06:34.320 --> 00:06:37.680
From Montana to Arizona, the
Mountain West is the fastest

00:06:37.680 --> 00:06:39.335
growing region in the country.

00:06:42.300 --> 00:06:46.740
Fleeing crime, pollution, and
urban ills, new homesteaders

00:06:46.740 --> 00:06:49.446
flock here, looking
for a fresh start.

00:06:49.446 --> 00:06:52.680
But more and more, the West
looks like the places they

00:06:52.680 --> 00:06:53.930
leave behind.

00:06:56.150 --> 00:06:58.230
A half hour drive from
Denver is one of the

00:06:58.230 --> 00:07:01.840
ranches of the new West.

00:07:01.840 --> 00:07:04.450
Once home to thousands
of cattle, it's

00:07:04.450 --> 00:07:07.300
called Highlands Ranch.

00:07:07.300 --> 00:07:09.080
This is one of the fastest
growing counties in the

00:07:09.080 --> 00:07:12.740
country, in a planned community,
with about 35,000

00:07:12.740 --> 00:07:13.630
housing units.

00:07:13.630 --> 00:07:16.990
That's 100,000 people when
it's all built out.

00:07:16.990 --> 00:07:19.670
Mike Hughes worked as a planner
when this subdivision

00:07:19.670 --> 00:07:22.100
was first proposed.

00:07:22.100 --> 00:07:24.280
More and more, it's national
builders who are building

00:07:24.280 --> 00:07:25.620
exactly the same house.

00:07:25.620 --> 00:07:27.930
The plans are the same plans.

00:07:27.930 --> 00:07:30.570
They bring the same little
computer systems that generate

00:07:30.570 --> 00:07:31.510
the same drawings.

00:07:31.510 --> 00:07:34.480
And they can just pretty much
plant them anywhere.

00:07:34.480 --> 00:07:37.270
What you get instead of a
pattern that makes some sense

00:07:37.270 --> 00:07:41.720
is a sea of rooftops, the same
house repeated five and six

00:07:41.720 --> 00:07:45.280
times on a cul-de-sac, same
standard garage right in the

00:07:45.280 --> 00:07:47.930
front, house set to
the back, little

00:07:47.930 --> 00:07:49.580
postage stamp of a yard.

00:07:49.580 --> 00:07:50.665
You wouldn't know if
you were in Tulsa

00:07:50.665 --> 00:07:52.440
or Denver or Timbuktu.

00:07:56.270 --> 00:07:58.030
Jane Kirsner and her
family came to

00:07:58.030 --> 00:08:01.060
Highlands Ranch from Michigan.

00:08:01.060 --> 00:08:02.690
Obviously, we were really
interested in getting the

00:08:02.690 --> 00:08:05.600
community that we felt would be
good to have our kids in.

00:08:05.600 --> 00:08:09.590
But we also wanted feel like we
were living in the country

00:08:09.590 --> 00:08:12.440
a little bit, have some
views, have some open

00:08:12.440 --> 00:08:13.810
space around us.

00:08:18.100 --> 00:08:20.940
One morning, I woke up and
looked out the back.

00:08:20.940 --> 00:08:22.650
There were bulldozers grating.

00:08:22.650 --> 00:08:25.440
And I was devastated.

00:08:25.440 --> 00:08:28.180
Basically, what's happened here
is they've just kind of

00:08:28.180 --> 00:08:31.055
grated everything and
built houses.

00:08:36.580 --> 00:08:39.049
People move here, thinking that
the open space that's

00:08:39.049 --> 00:08:41.230
right next to them is going
to stay that way.

00:08:41.230 --> 00:08:43.190
And they find pretty quickly
that that isn't

00:08:43.190 --> 00:08:44.049
open space at all.

00:08:44.049 --> 00:08:46.440
It's the next subdivision that
looks just like this one.

00:08:46.440 --> 00:08:49.060
People think they're moving
a little into the country.

00:08:49.060 --> 00:08:51.940
And that isn't how
it turns out.

00:08:51.940 --> 00:08:55.050
I don't really feel that I know
my neighbors very well.

00:08:55.050 --> 00:08:58.540
Typically, you don't see people
a lot because everyone

00:08:58.540 --> 00:09:01.160
drives their car, drives into
their garage, and goes into

00:09:01.160 --> 00:09:01.930
their home.

00:09:01.930 --> 00:09:04.450
In a lot of ways, this can be
a very lonely community.

00:09:04.450 --> 00:09:09.630
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:09:09.630 --> 00:09:12.680
Highlands Ranch, like suburbs
everywhere, was

00:09:12.680 --> 00:09:15.470
designed for cars.

00:09:15.470 --> 00:09:19.050
Homes, workplaces, shopping, and
entertainment centers are

00:09:19.050 --> 00:09:23.100
far apart, separated by a
wilderness of roads and

00:09:23.100 --> 00:09:25.450
cul-de-sacs.

00:09:25.450 --> 00:09:29.348
There's just one way to get
from place to place.

00:09:29.348 --> 00:09:36.194
[TRUMPET PLAYING]

00:09:36.194 --> 00:09:39.130
The Lone Ranger.

00:09:39.130 --> 00:09:41.430
I have to drive my kids to
school every day and pick them

00:09:41.430 --> 00:09:42.790
up every day in the car.

00:09:42.790 --> 00:09:45.870
Both of my sons play sports.

00:09:45.870 --> 00:09:49.590
And so I have to drive them back
and forth to practice.

00:09:49.590 --> 00:09:53.770
If I want to go to the store or
do any types of shopping or

00:09:53.770 --> 00:09:57.450
errands, I have to
go in my car.

00:10:02.550 --> 00:10:06.650
I spend a lot of time
in the car.

00:10:06.650 --> 00:10:10.110
Like the average American, Jane
will spend about four

00:10:10.110 --> 00:10:12.893
years of her life in a car.

00:10:12.893 --> 00:10:25.080
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:10:25.080 --> 00:10:27.680
Sprawl means that driving
has become a way of life

00:10:27.680 --> 00:10:30.830
all over the West.

00:10:30.830 --> 00:10:33.580
Together, the people of Phoenix,
Denver, Salt Lake

00:10:33.580 --> 00:10:37.720
City, and Las Vegas drive one
billion miles a week.

00:10:40.310 --> 00:10:44.690
That's like motoring to the
sun and back every day.

00:10:44.690 --> 00:10:46.585
That can be stressful.

00:10:46.585 --> 00:10:48.530
It's unhealthy in
other ways too.

00:10:55.340 --> 00:10:59.270
At the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix,
Arizona, these laboratory mice

00:10:59.270 --> 00:11:02.210
are helping scientists
understand illnesses created

00:11:02.210 --> 00:11:05.490
by air pollution.

00:11:05.490 --> 00:11:07.620
The mice, when exposed to
these environmental

00:11:07.620 --> 00:11:10.910
pollutants, suffer from the same
symptoms that any patient

00:11:10.910 --> 00:11:13.690
would suffer from on a bad
ozone day or a bad air

00:11:13.690 --> 00:11:14.830
pollution day.

00:11:14.830 --> 00:11:15.560
They wheeze.

00:11:15.560 --> 00:11:18.540
They show problems in terms of
breathing, clearing their

00:11:18.540 --> 00:11:20.490
throat, mucus.

00:11:20.490 --> 00:11:23.150
They just feel bad.

00:11:23.150 --> 00:11:26.780
Around the country, one in six
emergency room admissions is

00:11:26.780 --> 00:11:28.900
for asthma attacks.

00:11:28.900 --> 00:11:31.830
Here in Arizona, the health
costs of air pollution are

00:11:31.830 --> 00:11:36.720
approaching $500
million a year.

00:11:36.720 --> 00:11:38.930
We now see more and more
asthmatic and allergy

00:11:38.930 --> 00:11:41.870
patients, to the point of
calling it an epidemic.

00:11:41.870 --> 00:11:43.310
And the question is,
are we getting to

00:11:43.310 --> 00:11:45.030
be in a crisis situation?

00:11:45.030 --> 00:11:47.390
Well, in this city we are.

00:11:47.390 --> 00:11:49.740
Take a look at any one of these
summer days and look out

00:11:49.740 --> 00:11:52.410
over what was a fairly
pristine valley.

00:11:52.410 --> 00:11:56.990
And now what you see is a
gigantic thick brown soupy

00:11:56.990 --> 00:11:59.800
cloud that covers the
entire valley.

00:11:59.800 --> 00:12:01.270
You can smell it.

00:12:01.270 --> 00:12:02.520
You can see it.

00:12:06.380 --> 00:12:08.940
The brown cloud that chokes
Phoenix and most other

00:12:08.940 --> 00:12:13.590
American cities is tough to fix,
because it's a toxic brew

00:12:13.590 --> 00:12:18.270
that includes more than just
automobile exhaust.

00:12:18.270 --> 00:12:20.190
The ruts that you see in
the highway when you

00:12:20.190 --> 00:12:21.870
drive down the road--

00:12:21.870 --> 00:12:23.670
where do you think that
material went?

00:12:23.670 --> 00:12:26.450
The road was flat when it
was paved two years ago.

00:12:26.450 --> 00:12:29.280
And now there's all these
strips in the road.

00:12:29.280 --> 00:12:30.080
Where'd that go?

00:12:30.080 --> 00:12:31.860
Well, you're breathing it.

00:12:31.860 --> 00:12:34.800
And the same thing is
true of your tires.

00:12:34.800 --> 00:12:36.790
You had tread like that
when you bought them.

00:12:36.790 --> 00:12:40.300
And then two years
later, it's bald.

00:12:40.300 --> 00:12:41.325
Where'd that go?

00:12:41.325 --> 00:12:42.575
Into your lungs.

00:12:45.746 --> 00:12:46.770
Cleaner engines--

00:12:46.770 --> 00:12:49.660
even electric cars-- won't
solve the problem.

00:12:49.660 --> 00:12:51.910
Only driving less
will do that.

00:12:54.480 --> 00:12:58.640
Between 1983 and 1995, the
average commuting time in the

00:12:58.640 --> 00:13:00.125
US jumped by 30%.

00:13:02.780 --> 00:13:05.930
As cities get bigger and bigger,
people have to drive

00:13:05.930 --> 00:13:07.330
farther and farther.

00:13:07.330 --> 00:13:09.860
And air pollution can
only get worse.

00:13:13.910 --> 00:13:18.270
There's another cost to these
sprawling metropolitan areas,

00:13:18.270 --> 00:13:20.620
a social cost.

00:13:20.620 --> 00:13:23.860
As developments gobble up cheap
open land at the edges

00:13:23.860 --> 00:13:29.760
of cities, downtowns and older
suburbs are left behind.

00:13:29.760 --> 00:13:33.410
With fewer people and tax
dollars to support them, inner

00:13:33.410 --> 00:13:36.170
cities fall apart.

00:13:36.170 --> 00:13:39.730
There's a real tie between
urban sprawl and poverty,

00:13:39.730 --> 00:13:41.310
urban sprawl and decay.

00:13:41.310 --> 00:13:44.940
Because what happens is you have
jobs and people moving

00:13:44.940 --> 00:13:46.420
away from the core city.

00:13:46.420 --> 00:13:49.240
And you have them moving out to
the suburbs and moving out

00:13:49.240 --> 00:13:50.640
to these bedroom communities.

00:13:50.640 --> 00:13:53.520
And what happens is you end up
with a big huge doughnut with

00:13:53.520 --> 00:13:55.650
everything occurring
on the outside.

00:13:55.650 --> 00:13:58.100
and nothing for those who are
still living in the heart of

00:13:58.100 --> 00:14:00.310
the city, who are living
in downtown areas or

00:14:00.310 --> 00:14:02.528
in the inner city.

00:14:02.528 --> 00:14:07.770
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:14:07.770 --> 00:14:13.210
From 1980 to 1995, Denver
suburbs gained 25 jobs for

00:14:13.210 --> 00:14:15.680
every 1 job gained
in the city.

00:14:18.660 --> 00:14:22.110
When the good schools and the
best jobs move out, it's

00:14:22.110 --> 00:14:25.540
harder and harder
to reach them.

00:14:25.540 --> 00:14:28.110
For Gwen Ransom, getting
around Denver's huge

00:14:28.110 --> 00:14:32.073
metropolitan area is
the job in itself.

00:14:32.073 --> 00:14:34.075
[CHILD CRYING]

00:14:34.075 --> 00:14:37.960
I leave the house around about 5
o'clock, catch the 5:19 bus,

00:14:37.960 --> 00:14:41.440
which is the 21, transfer
to the 65.

00:14:41.440 --> 00:14:44.860
I bring Joshua to the House
of Joy Daycare.

00:14:44.860 --> 00:14:48.460
After dropping him off, I go
back and catch the 65,

00:14:48.460 --> 00:14:52.720
transfer to the 83 limited off
of Leetsdale and Monaco, which

00:14:52.720 --> 00:14:53.970
carries me to work.

00:14:57.540 --> 00:15:01.170
Then at the end of the day,
I come back, catch the 83

00:15:01.170 --> 00:15:06.180
limited, transfer to the 65,
come back to the daycare.

00:15:06.180 --> 00:15:10.690
After picking Joshua up,
I go back to the 65.

00:15:10.690 --> 00:15:15.100
Then I go transfer to the 21,
which gets me to the house

00:15:15.100 --> 00:15:17.890
around about 8:30.

00:15:17.890 --> 00:15:20.470
Gwen takes her son Joshua
to daycare at 6

00:15:20.470 --> 00:15:22.100
o'clock in the morning.

00:15:22.100 --> 00:15:25.980
But the distances she has to
cover mean he's often the last

00:15:25.980 --> 00:15:28.862
child picked up.

00:15:28.862 --> 00:15:30.284
Do you want some milk?

00:15:30.284 --> 00:15:32.660
Uh-huh.

00:15:32.660 --> 00:15:36.340
Sprawl has left Gwen with
a poverty of choice--

00:15:36.340 --> 00:15:39.020
endless bus rides
or car payments.

00:15:42.160 --> 00:15:45.640
It costs about $6,000 a year
to own and operate an

00:15:45.640 --> 00:15:47.775
automobile.

00:15:47.775 --> 00:15:51.390
If I'm only making 5 and 1/2
dollars an hour, that takes a

00:15:51.390 --> 00:15:52.430
lot of money.

00:15:52.430 --> 00:15:55.080
And if I can't afford that, if
I also have to worry about

00:15:55.080 --> 00:15:57.790
rent, if I also have to worry
about clothing my family and

00:15:57.790 --> 00:16:00.440
feeding my family, I've
got to make a choice.

00:16:00.440 --> 00:16:02.150
Do I want my kids
to eat the night

00:16:02.150 --> 00:16:03.210
before they go to school?

00:16:03.210 --> 00:16:06.160
Or do I need to go out and buy
a car to get out to the

00:16:06.160 --> 00:16:09.680
suburbs to make the money
to feed the kids?

00:16:09.680 --> 00:16:18.150
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:16:18.150 --> 00:16:20.870
Gwen Ransom isn't alone.

00:16:20.870 --> 00:16:24.990
Today, 80 million Americans
are without a car.

00:16:24.990 --> 00:16:26.170
Some are young people.

00:16:26.170 --> 00:16:30.570
Others are elderly
or disabled.

00:16:30.570 --> 00:16:34.170
Automobile suburbia, which
once promised freedom and

00:16:34.170 --> 00:16:37.850
convenience, is now a lifestyle
of isolation,

00:16:37.850 --> 00:16:39.280
pollution, and stress.

00:16:39.280 --> 00:16:56.490
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:16:56.490 --> 00:17:02.190
Sprawl no longer begins and ends
in metropolitan areas.

00:17:02.190 --> 00:17:05.030
It has lept to the mountains and
is spreading across some

00:17:05.030 --> 00:17:07.364
of America's most spectacular
landscapes.

00:17:11.579 --> 00:17:14.730
This new development concerns
Miles Raterman, a planner for

00:17:14.730 --> 00:17:16.740
mountain towns.

00:17:16.740 --> 00:17:19.960
Now he's preparing Park City,
Utah for the growth that will

00:17:19.960 --> 00:17:23.180
come with the Winter
Olympics of 2002.

00:17:23.180 --> 00:17:25.990
There's very much rural sprawl,
which looks a lot like

00:17:25.990 --> 00:17:30.560
urban sprawl, which means that
people tend to use up a lot of

00:17:30.560 --> 00:17:32.030
land and resources.

00:17:32.030 --> 00:17:35.910
And consequently, what looked
like a whole at one point, a

00:17:35.910 --> 00:17:37.870
landscape that was characterized
by its

00:17:37.870 --> 00:17:40.810
wholeness, is now being
characterized by it's

00:17:40.810 --> 00:17:43.070
chopped-up-ness.

00:17:43.070 --> 00:17:44.160
Many people move in.

00:17:44.160 --> 00:17:45.910
And they're only
here part time.

00:17:45.910 --> 00:17:48.400
They're not here full
time to live in a

00:17:48.400 --> 00:17:50.215
place, inhabit the place.

00:17:50.215 --> 00:17:53.560
They're here to enjoy the
recreational amenities.

00:17:53.560 --> 00:17:55.360
But tomorrow, they might
be somewhere else.

00:17:55.360 --> 00:17:57.560
So these could be second,
third, and fourth homes.

00:18:08.830 --> 00:18:12.460
One of the reasons for this new
growth can be found here,

00:18:12.460 --> 00:18:16.150
1,500 feet below the
town of Park City.

00:18:16.150 --> 00:18:19.360
A century ago, this was one of
the richest silver loads in

00:18:19.360 --> 00:18:20.410
the country.

00:18:20.410 --> 00:18:24.980
Today, the Ontario Mine has
gone from digging ore to

00:18:24.980 --> 00:18:26.230
mining tourists.

00:18:32.740 --> 00:18:36.240
It all began with the ski
industry, which made resorts

00:18:36.240 --> 00:18:40.110
out of mining camps and cattle
towns like Jackson Hole,

00:18:40.110 --> 00:18:41.440
Aspen, and Telluride.

00:18:41.440 --> 00:18:52.450
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:18:52.450 --> 00:18:57.495
Playing on public lands is now
worth $400 billion a year,

00:18:57.495 --> 00:19:00.590
more than logging, grazing,
and mining put together.

00:19:05.420 --> 00:19:08.480
Retirement and recreation
propelled a new economy from

00:19:08.480 --> 00:19:10.050
one mountain valley
to the next.

00:19:13.940 --> 00:19:17.530
With it has come a stampede
of urban baby boomers.

00:19:17.530 --> 00:19:19.010
Some call them modem cowboys.

00:19:26.210 --> 00:19:29.700
Regional airports have turned
once remote mountain towns

00:19:29.700 --> 00:19:31.800
into suburbs of the
global economy.

00:19:34.320 --> 00:19:36.160
It is incredibly beautiful.

00:19:36.160 --> 00:19:38.400
And I don't fault anybody for
wanting to live here.

00:19:38.400 --> 00:19:41.000
And it's much easier for people
now, because we have

00:19:41.000 --> 00:19:42.270
email, we have fax.

00:19:42.270 --> 00:19:44.860
There's access to the internet,
cellular phones.

00:19:44.860 --> 00:19:47.340
I mean, it it's hard to go
anywhere anymore where you

00:19:47.340 --> 00:19:51.360
can't be reached or reach
someone by some means of

00:19:51.360 --> 00:19:52.560
telecommunications.

00:19:52.560 --> 00:19:55.320
We have people who run major
corporations and large

00:19:55.320 --> 00:19:57.690
businesses from thousands
of miles away.

00:19:57.690 --> 00:20:00.250
And they can do it from the
beauty and comfort of their

00:20:00.250 --> 00:20:02.040
own living room.

00:20:02.040 --> 00:20:04.450
People who can live anywhere
want stunning mountain

00:20:04.450 --> 00:20:07.840
backdrops outside their windows
and spacious public

00:20:07.840 --> 00:20:09.090
lands for their backyards.

00:20:12.100 --> 00:20:18.840
[BIRD CALL]

00:20:18.840 --> 00:20:22.070
Over half of the West belongs
to the American people--

00:20:22.070 --> 00:20:24.820
national parks and forests,
state parks

00:20:24.820 --> 00:20:26.070
and recreation areas.

00:20:28.930 --> 00:20:32.110
Vast stretches of arid range
land and desert are also

00:20:32.110 --> 00:20:33.360
publicly owned.

00:20:37.030 --> 00:20:40.460
All the pressure of new growth
is focused on the remaining

00:20:40.460 --> 00:20:42.070
private land.

00:20:42.070 --> 00:20:44.460
Farmers and ranchers
own most of that.

00:20:44.460 --> 00:20:47.180
It's prime real estate,
especially where it borders

00:20:47.180 --> 00:20:49.670
public lands.

00:20:49.670 --> 00:20:52.193
It's also critical habitat
for wildlife.

00:21:00.490 --> 00:21:03.660
Mike Clark works to defend
Yellowstone National Park and

00:21:03.660 --> 00:21:07.900
the territory around it from
the impacts of sprawl.

00:21:07.900 --> 00:21:10.570
When Lewis and Clark came up
to this region a couple

00:21:10.570 --> 00:21:13.720
hundred years ago, it was all
beaver ponds and open spaces.

00:21:13.720 --> 00:21:15.510
It has been known historically
as the

00:21:15.510 --> 00:21:17.300
garden valley of Montana.

00:21:17.300 --> 00:21:21.010
But in the last 15 years, we've
lost 25%, 26% of our

00:21:21.010 --> 00:21:23.930
agricultural land to
subdivisions, to people moving

00:21:23.930 --> 00:21:28.790
in here and bringing suburban
expectations to a rural area.

00:21:28.790 --> 00:21:31.270
Efforts to subdivide break
up the open spaces.

00:21:31.270 --> 00:21:33.120
It means that the wild
animals cannot move

00:21:33.120 --> 00:21:33.930
through here freely.

00:21:33.930 --> 00:21:37.900
The elk, the deer that the
people come here to enjoy,

00:21:37.900 --> 00:21:41.720
those animals larger driven
out by subdivisions.

00:21:41.720 --> 00:21:45.270
Large animals need
room to roam.

00:21:45.270 --> 00:21:50.110
Rural sprawl cuts migration
routes and shrinks habitat.

00:21:50.110 --> 00:21:54.810
35 acre parcels just
aren't big enough.

00:21:54.810 --> 00:21:57.220
We're seeing subdivisions built
in places where they

00:21:57.220 --> 00:21:58.170
should never have been built.

00:21:58.170 --> 00:22:00.720
If people continue to build
homes on the edges of the

00:22:00.720 --> 00:22:04.700
forest, they will eventually
tightening the noose around

00:22:04.700 --> 00:22:08.575
Yellowstone and Grand Teton and
destroy this ecosystem.

00:22:08.575 --> 00:22:11.780
If you rolled off the wild lands
with subdivisions, the

00:22:11.780 --> 00:22:13.090
wild lands will die.

00:22:13.090 --> 00:22:19.020
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:22:19.020 --> 00:22:25.700
Piece by piece, the wild lands
are whittled away, sold,

00:22:25.700 --> 00:22:27.540
fenced, and tamed.

00:22:34.360 --> 00:22:37.400
What we're seeing for the
most part is what I

00:22:37.400 --> 00:22:39.510
call a mirage landscape.

00:22:39.510 --> 00:22:44.130
People can still drive around
Colorado and Utah and Arizona

00:22:44.130 --> 00:22:45.700
and see a lot of open space.

00:22:45.700 --> 00:22:47.800
And they assume that
that's real.

00:22:47.800 --> 00:22:50.750
But you're seeing a ghost.

00:22:50.750 --> 00:22:54.200
If you go to the county
recorder's offices in many of

00:22:54.200 --> 00:22:57.240
these counties which surround
public lands, you'll recognize

00:22:57.240 --> 00:23:01.580
that this land has already
been sold.

00:23:01.580 --> 00:23:04.550
Sprawl has finally reached into
the most remote parts of

00:23:04.550 --> 00:23:07.090
the country.

00:23:07.090 --> 00:23:08.700
How did it start?

00:23:08.700 --> 00:23:10.495
And why did it get this far?

00:23:13.020 --> 00:23:15.740
Well, the blueprint for suburbia
was drafted half a

00:23:15.740 --> 00:23:16.655
century ago.

00:23:16.655 --> 00:23:19.290
It promised freedom and
convenience to an America

00:23:19.290 --> 00:23:22.860
recovering from decades
of depression and war.

00:23:22.860 --> 00:23:26.330
Since the war, the trend is away
from city apartments to

00:23:26.330 --> 00:23:27.580
home ownership in the suburbs.

00:23:30.100 --> 00:23:33.350
After a hard day's work, the man
looks forward to a home he

00:23:33.350 --> 00:23:34.600
can be proud of.

00:23:37.445 --> 00:23:40.710
It's a time to settle down to
the joys of family life.

00:23:43.470 --> 00:23:47.390
After World War II, industries
turned from moving tanks and

00:23:47.390 --> 00:23:51.460
barracks to manufacturing
cars and homes.

00:23:51.460 --> 00:23:55.410
The government guaranteed loans
so 16 million veterans

00:23:55.410 --> 00:23:57.580
could buy a house.

00:23:57.580 --> 00:24:00.560
The model for modern suburbia
was an East Coast development

00:24:00.560 --> 00:24:02.095
called Levittown.

00:24:02.095 --> 00:24:06.260
With standardized plans and
production line techniques,

00:24:06.260 --> 00:24:10.906
Levittown look-alikes were
stamped out across the nation.

00:24:10.906 --> 00:24:13.100
A nice home outside
of town became

00:24:13.100 --> 00:24:15.710
possible for almost everyone.

00:24:15.710 --> 00:24:18.875
But there was a hitch.

00:24:18.875 --> 00:24:21.000
In order to live in
these new suburbs,

00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:23.040
everybody had to drive.

00:24:23.040 --> 00:24:25.840
All these commuters quickly
filled up the roads.

00:24:25.840 --> 00:24:32.696
[CARS HONKING]

00:24:32.696 --> 00:24:34.316
Will you stop honking, Mac?

00:24:34.316 --> 00:24:35.706
We ain't going nowhere.

00:24:39.050 --> 00:24:41.520
Never mind, said
the engineers.

00:24:41.520 --> 00:24:44.630
They had an answer.

00:24:44.630 --> 00:24:48.000
In 1956, President Eisenhower
launched the Interstate

00:24:48.000 --> 00:24:49.550
Highway System.

00:24:49.550 --> 00:24:50.870
We call them freeways.

00:24:50.870 --> 00:24:54.520
But there was nothing
free about them.

00:24:54.520 --> 00:24:57.160
Taxpayers bought the biggest
public works

00:24:57.160 --> 00:25:00.480
project in world history.

00:25:00.480 --> 00:25:05.090
And where freeways went, new
developments followed.

00:25:05.090 --> 00:25:08.070
Americans never looked back.

00:25:08.070 --> 00:25:11.870
Even as we realize all the
problems sprawl creates, we

00:25:11.870 --> 00:25:14.600
keep building it.

00:25:14.600 --> 00:25:17.410
The reason sprawl happens
is that it has huge

00:25:17.410 --> 00:25:19.510
momentum behind it.

00:25:19.510 --> 00:25:22.210
Banks are accustomed
to financing it.

00:25:22.210 --> 00:25:24.990
Home builders know
how to build it.

00:25:24.990 --> 00:25:28.680
Local officials have already
required it in their codes

00:25:28.680 --> 00:25:31.050
when they require a certain
number parking spaces or they

00:25:31.050 --> 00:25:33.580
require large minimum
lot sizes.

00:25:33.580 --> 00:25:35.400
And it's something that's become
ingrained in the way

00:25:35.400 --> 00:25:36.650
people think.

00:25:38.730 --> 00:25:41.305
Sprawl has become
an institution--

00:25:41.305 --> 00:25:42.625
a sprawl machine.

00:25:46.880 --> 00:25:49.510
It's not driven by the market.

00:25:49.510 --> 00:25:52.370
Instead, it's propelled by a
collection of government

00:25:52.370 --> 00:25:56.220
policies, regulations, and
hidden subsidies favoring the

00:25:56.220 --> 00:26:00.540
automobile and the single
family home.

00:26:00.540 --> 00:26:03.280
Developers are riding the sprawl
machine as far as it

00:26:03.280 --> 00:26:05.530
will take them.

00:26:05.530 --> 00:26:06.535
My name is Craig Harrison.

00:26:06.535 --> 00:26:12.120
And I'd like to welcome you to
our war room that we have for

00:26:12.120 --> 00:26:15.270
development and land
planning and

00:26:15.270 --> 00:26:18.080
infrastructure in Colorado.

00:26:18.080 --> 00:26:22.060
His million map let's Harrison
keep an eye on 10,000 square

00:26:22.060 --> 00:26:24.510
miles of real estate in
one of the fastest

00:26:24.510 --> 00:26:26.520
growing areas in America.

00:26:26.520 --> 00:26:29.940
These tools include this
5 foot by 20 foot

00:26:29.940 --> 00:26:32.995
three-dimensional model
of the front range.

00:26:32.995 --> 00:26:35.655
With this sophisticated
database, Craig can anticipate

00:26:35.655 --> 00:26:38.010
where will growth will go.

00:26:38.010 --> 00:26:40.520
The most important thing
his system targets is

00:26:40.520 --> 00:26:42.790
infrastructure.

00:26:42.790 --> 00:26:45.280
It's interesting, when you're
coming along the interstate--

00:26:45.280 --> 00:26:47.250
which is your transportation
route--

00:26:47.250 --> 00:26:50.280
you're crossing a 10 inch water
line here, a 27 inch

00:26:50.280 --> 00:26:56.250
water line, a 34 inch,
a 12 inc, a 24 inch.

00:26:56.250 --> 00:27:01.280
Water, sewer, roads,
and power lines--

00:27:01.280 --> 00:27:04.910
this infrastructure is the
backbone of sprawl.

00:27:04.910 --> 00:27:10.360
Citizens pay for most of it with
taxes and utility bills.

00:27:10.360 --> 00:27:13.180
We've had a housing project
in this area

00:27:13.180 --> 00:27:19.180
here, one in this area--

00:27:19.180 --> 00:27:22.760
The sprawl machine rolls on as
developers follow the yellow

00:27:22.760 --> 00:27:25.505
brick road of taxpayer financed
infrastructure.

00:27:25.505 --> 00:27:29.100
--this area of the interstate,
and then another future

00:27:29.100 --> 00:27:33.640
project here, all basically
being in the

00:27:33.640 --> 00:27:34.890
path of these trends.

00:27:39.760 --> 00:27:42.850
What do the trends add up to?

00:27:42.850 --> 00:27:45.390
This is Phoenix, where suburbia
eats up an acre and a

00:27:45.390 --> 00:27:49.335
half of open land every
hour 24 hours a day.

00:27:53.930 --> 00:27:57.810
The pattern's the same in
Albuquerque, Las Vegas, Boise,

00:27:57.810 --> 00:27:59.605
and every sprawling city.

00:28:04.380 --> 00:28:07.800
Denver is a classic example of
the kind of metropolitan

00:28:07.800 --> 00:28:09.710
growth we're seeing throughout
the West.

00:28:09.710 --> 00:28:13.730
It currently has an area of
about 550 square miles.

00:28:13.730 --> 00:28:17.120
Given the projections about
another 850,000 people are

00:28:17.120 --> 00:28:19.700
going to be attracted to this
community, this area.

00:28:19.700 --> 00:28:21.900
We're looking at a
choice the Denver

00:28:21.900 --> 00:28:23.600
metropolitan region has.

00:28:23.600 --> 00:28:26.770
Either it can stay more compact,
or it could sprawl to

00:28:26.770 --> 00:28:30.120
1,000 square miles, almost
doubling the current size of

00:28:30.120 --> 00:28:31.370
the region.

00:28:33.940 --> 00:28:37.520
A more compact Denver would save
hundreds of square miles

00:28:37.520 --> 00:28:42.915
of open land and millions of
hours in commuting time.

00:28:42.915 --> 00:28:46.550
It would also save taxpayers
$3 billion in new

00:28:46.550 --> 00:28:49.660
infrastructure and billions
more in maintenance.

00:28:52.220 --> 00:28:54.890
The metropolitan areas in the
West like Phoenix, Salt Lake,

00:28:54.890 --> 00:28:57.770
Denver, and Seattle metro
area, all of them are

00:28:57.770 --> 00:28:59.600
grappling with this choice.

00:28:59.600 --> 00:29:02.160
We've got to look for new
options, new forms of

00:29:02.160 --> 00:29:05.120
development that can accommodate
the growth, but do

00:29:05.120 --> 00:29:08.210
it in a way that maintains the
quality of life that we love

00:29:08.210 --> 00:29:09.350
about the West.

00:29:09.350 --> 00:29:22.920
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:29:22.920 --> 00:29:27.030
In just one lifetime, the West
has taken on a whole new look.

00:29:27.030 --> 00:29:28.860
People are still proud
to live here.

00:29:28.860 --> 00:29:32.310
But is it turning into a place
that will inspire the next

00:29:32.310 --> 00:29:33.510
generation of Westerners?

00:29:33.510 --> 00:30:10.360
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:30:10.360 --> 00:30:12.930
There's no doubt that growth is
a factor that we're going

00:30:12.930 --> 00:30:14.300
to have to contend with
in the West for

00:30:14.300 --> 00:30:15.600
the foreseeable future.

00:30:15.600 --> 00:30:18.980
So the question is, can you
grow and not sprawl?

00:30:18.980 --> 00:30:22.710
Can you grow in a more
comprehensible, more land

00:30:22.710 --> 00:30:25.080
sensitive, more community
building way than just

00:30:25.080 --> 00:30:26.260
sprawling out?

00:30:26.260 --> 00:30:27.510
I think you can.

00:30:29.810 --> 00:30:34.310
Some call it smart growth,
changing the way communities

00:30:34.310 --> 00:30:39.550
are designed, introducing more
choices for where people live

00:30:39.550 --> 00:30:44.530
and how they get around, saving
the magnificent open

00:30:44.530 --> 00:30:46.925
spaces that give the West
is unique character.

00:30:52.640 --> 00:30:55.090
More and more, people are
looking for these kinds of

00:30:55.090 --> 00:30:57.450
alternatives to sprawl.

00:30:57.450 --> 00:30:59.296
And some folks have
found them.

00:31:02.560 --> 00:31:04.730
We lived in the suburbs
for 10 years.

00:31:04.730 --> 00:31:07.480
We lived in a house that didn't
make any sense for us.

00:31:07.480 --> 00:31:10.520
It was ridiculously too big.

00:31:10.520 --> 00:31:14.170
It was two stories and three
bedrooms and a two-car garage

00:31:14.170 --> 00:31:15.060
and a third of an acre.

00:31:15.060 --> 00:31:16.570
And there were two of us.

00:31:16.570 --> 00:31:18.345
We had a living room that
we never went in.

00:31:18.345 --> 00:31:20.670
We had a couch I didn't
sit in for 10 years.

00:31:20.670 --> 00:31:23.200
And it didn't really
match how we lived.

00:31:23.200 --> 00:31:26.490
The nice thing all these years
later is that we had an

00:31:26.490 --> 00:31:29.320
opportunity to make a
different choice.

00:31:29.320 --> 00:31:32.890
Mike Hughes and his wife chose
to move to a loft in downtown

00:31:32.890 --> 00:31:36.220
Denver, where they discovered
the things they'd missed in

00:31:36.220 --> 00:31:38.560
the suburbs.

00:31:38.560 --> 00:31:41.030
There's a community garden
that's right across the alley.

00:31:41.030 --> 00:31:44.860
So I can sit on my deck and
enjoyed that little bit of

00:31:44.860 --> 00:31:47.540
green in the middle
of the city.

00:31:47.540 --> 00:31:49.270
There are three grocery
stores that are

00:31:49.270 --> 00:31:50.340
within walking distance.

00:31:50.340 --> 00:31:54.280
I've got two movie theaters,
dry cleaners, appliance

00:31:54.280 --> 00:31:58.300
repair, hardware store, a coffee
shop, a great park.

00:31:58.300 --> 00:32:00.850
It's all literally right here.

00:32:00.850 --> 00:32:03.250
Because shopping, entertainment,
and recreation

00:32:03.250 --> 00:32:06.230
are mixed together in their new
neighborhood, Mike and his

00:32:06.230 --> 00:32:10.820
wife are saving both
time and money.

00:32:10.820 --> 00:32:13.190
We're spending a lot less on
transportation, on gasoline,

00:32:13.190 --> 00:32:14.850
on car maintenance.

00:32:14.850 --> 00:32:18.370
And there are other costs as
well-- just the cost in time,

00:32:18.370 --> 00:32:21.390
the amount of time it takes
to get from here to there.

00:32:21.390 --> 00:32:25.190
And if you could put a dollar
figure on those hours, that's

00:32:25.190 --> 00:32:26.440
an enormous cost.

00:32:32.980 --> 00:32:35.280
Mike Hughes has found
more than a home.

00:32:35.280 --> 00:32:38.960
He's found a community, a place
that offers him a better

00:32:38.960 --> 00:32:40.210
quality of life.

00:32:44.286 --> 00:32:46.700
Watching the neighbors, watching
the world go by.

00:32:46.700 --> 00:32:50.310
From cities to suburbs, better
design can make any community

00:32:50.310 --> 00:32:52.020
more livable.

00:32:52.020 --> 00:32:54.860
Tony Nelissen helps citizens
all over the country take a

00:32:54.860 --> 00:32:58.150
fresh look at where they live.

00:32:58.150 --> 00:32:59.980
Typically, what we like
to do is we start with

00:32:59.980 --> 00:33:01.860
the community itself.

00:33:01.860 --> 00:33:05.340
We photograph in that community
first to look at

00:33:05.340 --> 00:33:07.690
this range of, what are
your streets like?

00:33:07.690 --> 00:33:10.560
What currently got built
in your town?

00:33:10.560 --> 00:33:11.910
Where's your shopping?

00:33:11.910 --> 00:33:13.610
Where do you guys shop?

00:33:13.610 --> 00:33:16.500
Then what we'll do in some cases
is we will use computer

00:33:16.500 --> 00:33:18.835
technology to enhance
those photographs.

00:33:22.960 --> 00:33:26.460
With the wizardry of digital
imaging, Nelissen can

00:33:26.460 --> 00:33:30.290
transform the present into a
set of alternative futures.

00:33:30.290 --> 00:33:32.930
The computer technology is so
good it can look into the

00:33:32.930 --> 00:33:38.061
future before it's ever
actually built.

00:33:38.061 --> 00:33:43.430
--piece of tracing paper, and
put that on top of that plan.

00:33:43.430 --> 00:33:47.710
He calls his work design
by democracy.

00:33:47.710 --> 00:33:49.910
Citizens gather to
decide what their

00:33:49.910 --> 00:33:52.140
community should look like.

00:33:52.140 --> 00:33:55.930
They vote on a menu of options
for everything from the style

00:33:55.930 --> 00:33:59.530
of buildings to the location
of parking spaces.

00:33:59.530 --> 00:34:01.840
We put all that stuff together
and say, here

00:34:01.840 --> 00:34:03.530
are your top choices.

00:34:03.530 --> 00:34:07.860
And if we put this into a big
computer, guess what happens?

00:34:07.860 --> 00:34:14.659
You wind up with a
1930s community.

00:34:14.659 --> 00:34:17.460
You wind up with communities the
way they were built before

00:34:17.460 --> 00:34:23.040
the era of sprawl, places that
are more than a collection of

00:34:23.040 --> 00:34:25.320
houses and driveways.

00:34:25.320 --> 00:34:29.460
They're called neighborhoods.

00:34:29.460 --> 00:34:33.760
A neighborhood is the building
block of community.

00:34:33.760 --> 00:34:37.949
It's a place with its own
identity where single family

00:34:37.949 --> 00:34:40.139
homes share the block
with bungalows

00:34:40.139 --> 00:34:43.389
and apartment buildings.

00:34:43.389 --> 00:34:47.400
Shopping, entertainment, and
public spaces are close by so

00:34:47.400 --> 00:34:50.600
walking is a convenient
option.

00:34:50.600 --> 00:34:52.740
It's a place to feel
safe, connected.

00:34:58.380 --> 00:35:00.570
There aren't enough
neighborhoods for all the

00:35:00.570 --> 00:35:01.570
people who want them.

00:35:01.570 --> 00:35:04.900
But a group of architects
calling themselves New

00:35:04.900 --> 00:35:08.910
Urbanists are starting
to change that.

00:35:08.910 --> 00:35:11.280
New Urbanists have rediscovered
traditional

00:35:11.280 --> 00:35:13.600
designs that work.

00:35:13.600 --> 00:35:16.710
Houses start with
front porches.

00:35:16.710 --> 00:35:20.460
Garages have returned to
the alley and back.

00:35:20.460 --> 00:35:23.330
Sidewalks and tree-lined streets
make neighborhoods

00:35:23.330 --> 00:35:26.480
walkable and appealing.

00:35:26.480 --> 00:35:30.116
These features encourage people
to meet face to face

00:35:30.116 --> 00:35:31.473
rather than bumper to bumper.

00:35:36.820 --> 00:35:38.700
Developers can build
more livable

00:35:38.700 --> 00:35:40.600
communities from scratch.

00:35:40.600 --> 00:35:44.870
But it's also important to
repair and revitalize places

00:35:44.870 --> 00:35:48.110
that already exist.

00:35:48.110 --> 00:35:50.920
That's even starting to happen
in one of the most sprawling

00:35:50.920 --> 00:35:56.360
metropolitan areas in the
country, Phoenix, Arizona.

00:35:56.360 --> 00:36:00.180
I'm a true believer that every
city needs a heart and a soul.

00:36:00.180 --> 00:36:04.270
In a downtown, a concentrated
downtown, if you have housing,

00:36:04.270 --> 00:36:07.810
a lot of people living there
because of the vibrant

00:36:07.810 --> 00:36:11.460
atmosphere that exists and a
lot of business and retail,

00:36:11.460 --> 00:36:13.795
that's what gives a city
an identification.

00:36:13.795 --> 00:36:15.150
It's not sprawl.

00:36:15.150 --> 00:36:16.400
It's not suburbs.

00:36:20.180 --> 00:36:23.410
Jerry Colangelo owns the Phoenix
Suns and the Arizona

00:36:23.410 --> 00:36:28.270
Diamondbacks, the big league
basketball and baseball teams.

00:36:28.270 --> 00:36:31.920
To help make downtown Phoenix
a magnet for new investments

00:36:31.920 --> 00:36:35.720
in housing, business, and
culture, Jerry built his new

00:36:35.720 --> 00:36:37.610
stadium there.

00:36:37.610 --> 00:36:40.320
The ballpark could have been
built on the outskirts, the

00:36:40.320 --> 00:36:43.670
contained environment
out in the suburbs.

00:36:43.670 --> 00:36:47.320
And we would have benefited as
an organization entirely.

00:36:47.320 --> 00:36:50.850
In putting it downtown, where
much of the infrastructure was

00:36:50.850 --> 00:36:53.260
in place, all of the existing
business people were going to

00:36:53.260 --> 00:36:55.960
benefit because of the synergy
that would be created.

00:36:55.960 --> 00:36:58.570
And that's the reason
we went downtown.

00:36:58.570 --> 00:37:00.520
It was the right place.

00:37:00.520 --> 00:37:02.560
Tremendous things have happened
in our downtown.

00:37:02.560 --> 00:37:05.560
And it's only the beginning.

00:37:05.560 --> 00:37:09.180
Rebuilding downtowns helps
rein in the sprawl by

00:37:09.180 --> 00:37:14.340
attracting growth to a center
rather than to the edge.

00:37:14.340 --> 00:37:18.330
Redevelopment is also a
thrifty way to grow.

00:37:18.330 --> 00:37:22.100
It allows cities and towns to
use infrastructure that's

00:37:22.100 --> 00:37:25.280
already in place.

00:37:25.280 --> 00:37:28.560
In America today, there
are 4,000 empty malls.

00:37:28.560 --> 00:37:31.150
There are thousands of schools
that have been abandoned.

00:37:31.150 --> 00:37:34.370
There are neighborhoods
that look like Beirut.

00:37:34.370 --> 00:37:37.780
And we are throwing away
millions and billions of

00:37:37.780 --> 00:37:39.030
dollars of investment.

00:37:42.260 --> 00:37:46.370
Vacant lots, abandoned
buildings, outdated spaces,

00:37:46.370 --> 00:37:47.940
these discards are
opportunities.

00:37:51.390 --> 00:37:54.580
Around the West, rejuvenating
them means millions of people

00:37:54.580 --> 00:37:58.180
could find new places to live,
work, and shop without

00:37:58.180 --> 00:38:00.460
spreading out on the vanishing
open land.

00:38:08.390 --> 00:38:12.390
Redevelopment often depends on
changes in zoning codes, the

00:38:12.390 --> 00:38:16.570
rules that dictate what can
be built and where.

00:38:16.570 --> 00:38:20.520
In Phoenix, architect Vernon
Swaback struggles with out of

00:38:20.520 --> 00:38:23.395
date zoning codes that prohibit
innovative designs.

00:38:27.570 --> 00:38:31.680
If we wrote musical compositions
the way we design

00:38:31.680 --> 00:38:34.760
neighborhoods, it'd be like
one long note held

00:38:34.760 --> 00:38:35.760
continuously.

00:38:35.760 --> 00:38:37.900
It would drive us all insane.

00:38:37.900 --> 00:38:41.730
And in fact, our suburban sprawl
is tending to drive us

00:38:41.730 --> 00:38:44.680
all insane.

00:38:44.680 --> 00:38:47.640
Zoning regulations make
suburbs monotonous by

00:38:47.640 --> 00:38:50.557
prohibiting anything except
single family houses.

00:38:53.810 --> 00:38:57.290
In the age of heavy industry,
zoning was used to keep

00:38:57.290 --> 00:39:01.740
polluting factories away
from people's homes.

00:39:01.740 --> 00:39:05.120
Overtime, regulations
became more extreme.

00:39:05.120 --> 00:39:06.810
Shops were outlawed.

00:39:06.810 --> 00:39:09.400
Apartment buildings
were excluded.

00:39:09.400 --> 00:39:11.460
And different classes
of homes were

00:39:11.460 --> 00:39:12.860
separated from one another.

00:39:15.630 --> 00:39:19.160
Zoning now prohibits the
diversity found in traditional

00:39:19.160 --> 00:39:21.080
neighborhoods.

00:39:21.080 --> 00:39:24.070
What you see up and down the
streets in no way is

00:39:24.070 --> 00:39:27.420
reflective of the rich variety
and culture and character of

00:39:27.420 --> 00:39:28.750
the people who live there.

00:39:28.750 --> 00:39:31.230
It's reflective of somebody's
corporate decision to have

00:39:31.230 --> 00:39:33.050
four models, two elevations
for each.

00:39:33.050 --> 00:39:34.300
And it goes on and on and on.

00:39:34.300 --> 00:39:35.550
And there's nothing there.

00:39:41.360 --> 00:39:44.946
Suburbs were ideal for the
American family of the 1950s--

00:39:44.946 --> 00:39:47.920
Mom, Dad, and the kids.

00:39:47.920 --> 00:39:52.860
But now only 25% of households
fit that description.

00:39:52.860 --> 00:39:56.900
At the same time, 78 million
baby boomers are becoming

00:39:56.900 --> 00:40:01.590
empty nesters as they reach
retirement age.

00:40:01.590 --> 00:40:04.395
Zoning codes haven't kept
pace with these changes.

00:40:04.395 --> 00:40:07.170
But that can be fixed.

00:40:07.170 --> 00:40:11.400
We need to reintroduce choice
by removing some of the

00:40:11.400 --> 00:40:14.740
restrictions now in place in
zoning regulation so we can

00:40:14.740 --> 00:40:19.480
build multifamily housing, we
can mix transportation in with

00:40:19.480 --> 00:40:21.850
shops, allow people to
choose whether or

00:40:21.850 --> 00:40:23.600
not they want a car.

00:40:23.600 --> 00:40:26.955
Suburbanites average a dozen
trips a day in their cars.

00:40:31.170 --> 00:40:36.740
When other choices are
available, people use them.

00:40:36.740 --> 00:40:40.710
The alternatives we see working
are a combination of

00:40:40.710 --> 00:40:44.630
light rail, frequent bus
service, bicycle path, and

00:40:44.630 --> 00:40:45.690
park and ride.

00:40:45.690 --> 00:40:48.240
It's a whole idea of a
system of choices.

00:40:48.240 --> 00:40:51.205
People will only get out of
their car if it makes sense

00:40:51.205 --> 00:40:52.190
for them to do so.

00:40:52.190 --> 00:40:53.930
They can get around
more quickly.

00:40:53.930 --> 00:40:55.570
It's more convenient.

00:40:55.570 --> 00:40:56.980
It's less costly.

00:40:56.980 --> 00:40:58.870
Once you've gotten out
of your car, there's

00:40:58.870 --> 00:41:00.120
someplace to walk to.

00:41:03.390 --> 00:41:06.170
Creating transportation
options encourages

00:41:06.170 --> 00:41:08.970
alternatives to sprawl.

00:41:08.970 --> 00:41:12.230
Transit systems link
a region together.

00:41:12.230 --> 00:41:17.640
They join suburbs to one another
and to downtowns.

00:41:17.640 --> 00:41:21.020
They create hubs and corridors
that attract growth and focus

00:41:21.020 --> 00:41:22.270
new development.

00:41:24.140 --> 00:41:27.770
This leaves land outside cities
and towns open for

00:41:27.770 --> 00:41:32.170
wildlife habitat
and recreation.

00:41:32.170 --> 00:41:32.860
That's the future.

00:41:32.860 --> 00:41:35.280
That is going to be what the
21st century is really going

00:41:35.280 --> 00:41:39.350
to be all about, this balance
between managing nature to

00:41:39.350 --> 00:41:42.910
preserve the environment that
we have, to keep it, to

00:41:42.910 --> 00:41:47.610
maintain it, to manage it, and
rebuild inside the areas which

00:41:47.610 --> 00:41:50.790
are currently built up, but do
it in a new way, do it in a

00:41:50.790 --> 00:41:53.860
way that integrates nature, do
it in a way that integrates

00:41:53.860 --> 00:41:56.890
jobs to housing, do it in a way
that integrates new forms

00:41:56.890 --> 00:42:00.190
of transportation and walking,
preserve our environment on

00:42:00.190 --> 00:42:02.110
the periphery of our communities
and more

00:42:02.110 --> 00:42:04.000
intensively and more
beautifully

00:42:04.000 --> 00:42:07.070
rebuild what we've got.

00:42:07.070 --> 00:42:09.890
30 years ago, Boulder,
Colorado adopted this

00:42:09.890 --> 00:42:12.510
approach, establishing
a ring of open

00:42:12.510 --> 00:42:16.220
country around the city.

00:42:16.220 --> 00:42:20.490
In the 1960s, we realized that
we were growing at a rate

00:42:20.490 --> 00:42:23.070
which was going to double
the city every 10 years.

00:42:23.070 --> 00:42:26.650
And we wanted to preserve what
we had, the beauty of the

00:42:26.650 --> 00:42:27.790
mountain backdrop.

00:42:27.790 --> 00:42:30.430
We realized we're going
to have to buy land.

00:42:30.430 --> 00:42:34.240
So we passed a 4/10 to the penny
sales tax purely for the

00:42:34.240 --> 00:42:36.490
sake of buying what we then
called green belts.

00:42:36.490 --> 00:42:38.400
They're now called open space.

00:42:38.400 --> 00:42:42.730
And from the very beginning, the
purposes of open space is

00:42:42.730 --> 00:42:48.330
a land use tool to confine the
urban development, to protect

00:42:48.330 --> 00:42:52.580
agriculture, to protect our
flood plains, and develop the

00:42:52.580 --> 00:42:53.830
way we wanted to develop.

00:42:57.670 --> 00:43:00.280
Though Boulder still has to cope
with symptoms of sprawl

00:43:00.280 --> 00:43:03.830
like air pollution and traffic
jams, because it's part of a

00:43:03.830 --> 00:43:08.060
metro area where 56 different
municipalities compete for the

00:43:08.060 --> 00:43:09.310
prize of growth.

00:43:13.160 --> 00:43:17.090
Over a 25-year period, Boulder
accomplished something really

00:43:17.090 --> 00:43:18.030
innovative.

00:43:18.030 --> 00:43:21.470
In purchasing 26,000 acres of
open space surrounding the

00:43:21.470 --> 00:43:25.650
community, it created a
wonderful sense of identity,

00:43:25.650 --> 00:43:27.860
protected the habitat,
and maintained a

00:43:27.860 --> 00:43:29.840
compact urban form.

00:43:29.840 --> 00:43:32.280
But the question remains, what
happens on the other side of

00:43:32.280 --> 00:43:35.550
the line outside
the open space?

00:43:35.550 --> 00:43:38.400
Developer Will Fleissig was the
director of planning for

00:43:38.400 --> 00:43:41.205
Boulder in the early 1990s.

00:43:41.205 --> 00:43:44.820
While Boulder tried to manage
sprawl, he watched as

00:43:44.820 --> 00:43:49.620
surrounding communities
did business as usual.

00:43:49.620 --> 00:43:52.660
The towns of Louisville and
Superior snatched up the

00:43:52.660 --> 00:43:54.716
growth Boulder didn't want.

00:43:54.716 --> 00:43:57.720
But now they have
to pay for it.

00:43:57.720 --> 00:43:59.870
Once you've built the units, how
are you are going to pay

00:43:59.870 --> 00:44:02.940
for the roads, the schools,
the utilities, et cetera?

00:44:02.940 --> 00:44:05.920
The property taxes won't pay
for that infrastructure.

00:44:05.920 --> 00:44:09.750
So the city councils say, let's
go to the pot of money

00:44:09.750 --> 00:44:11.860
that's developed by sales tax
revenue which comes from the

00:44:11.860 --> 00:44:13.050
shopping centers.

00:44:13.050 --> 00:44:16.670
Once you have a subdivision of
rooftops, you then have to

00:44:16.670 --> 00:44:19.030
provide the retail that's
going to pay for all the

00:44:19.030 --> 00:44:23.370
services that those people
are looking to have.

00:44:23.370 --> 00:44:25.620
Towns end up competing
with one another

00:44:25.620 --> 00:44:28.331
for the latest mall.

00:44:28.331 --> 00:44:32.020
With tax breaks and zoning
exceptions, they bid for the

00:44:32.020 --> 00:44:35.580
biggest stores they can.

00:44:35.580 --> 00:44:42.350
It goes on and on, mall after
mall, mile after mile, open

00:44:42.350 --> 00:44:48.360
space consumed in a range war
for sales tax revenue.

00:44:48.360 --> 00:44:50.740
The war will continue
until communities

00:44:50.740 --> 00:44:53.170
plan for growth together.

00:44:53.170 --> 00:44:56.780
That can be a tall order in the
West, where cooperation

00:44:56.780 --> 00:44:59.956
isn't part of the popular
mythology.

00:44:59.956 --> 00:45:17.740
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:45:17.740 --> 00:45:20.085
The Mountain West has produced
a lot of myths.

00:45:24.240 --> 00:45:26.910
Perhaps the most enduring is
the myth of the rugged

00:45:26.910 --> 00:45:31.830
individual, tough, self-reliant,
and answering to

00:45:31.830 --> 00:45:32.775
none but himself.

00:45:32.775 --> 00:45:48.964
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:45:48.964 --> 00:45:54.970
[GUNSHOTS]

00:45:54.970 --> 00:45:57.520
Can cooperation happen
in large scale

00:45:57.520 --> 00:46:00.810
here in the Wild West?

00:46:00.810 --> 00:46:04.510
Oregon took up regional planning
25 years ago, when

00:46:04.510 --> 00:46:06.780
sprawl was devouring
the quality of life

00:46:06.780 --> 00:46:08.901
people took pride in.

00:46:08.901 --> 00:46:12.530
In a conservative state,
citizens from home builders to

00:46:12.530 --> 00:46:17.450
housewives voted for
an alternative.

00:46:17.450 --> 00:46:21.010
In 1973, this legislature
provided by a Republican

00:46:21.010 --> 00:46:23.660
governor and the people
said, enough.

00:46:23.660 --> 00:46:25.150
We're going to plan
our future.

00:46:25.150 --> 00:46:27.150
We're not going to let
it happen to us.

00:46:27.150 --> 00:46:28.200
And they passed a law.

00:46:28.200 --> 00:46:30.680
And that law required every city
to have an urban growth

00:46:30.680 --> 00:46:33.790
boundary, to protect farm and
forest land-- because that was

00:46:33.790 --> 00:46:35.980
part of the state's economy--

00:46:35.980 --> 00:46:38.610
and to allow the market
to build more

00:46:38.610 --> 00:46:42.020
affordable types of housing.

00:46:42.020 --> 00:46:44.890
Every city and town in Oregon
adopted urban growth

00:46:44.890 --> 00:46:46.480
boundaries.

00:46:46.480 --> 00:46:49.960
Today, these protect 25
million acres of land.

00:46:52.570 --> 00:46:55.890
Urban growth boundaries give
developers incentives to use

00:46:55.890 --> 00:46:59.020
space more creatively.

00:46:59.020 --> 00:47:01.090
New zoning invites
a mix of homes,

00:47:01.090 --> 00:47:02.810
retail, and public spaces.

00:47:05.880 --> 00:47:08.610
Guiding development has also
won the support of the

00:47:08.610 --> 00:47:10.360
business community.

00:47:10.360 --> 00:47:14.600
Far from being a detriment to
economic growth, in fact, it's

00:47:14.600 --> 00:47:18.860
turned out to be perhaps our
strongest tool in the

00:47:18.860 --> 00:47:19.970
diversification and

00:47:19.970 --> 00:47:22.170
revitalization of Oregon's economy.

00:47:26.920 --> 00:47:31.430
The citizens of Portland took
corporation one step further.

00:47:31.430 --> 00:47:34.450
They created a regional
government.

00:47:34.450 --> 00:47:39.000
27 different municipalities now
plan together to make the

00:47:39.000 --> 00:47:41.510
entire region a livable
community.

00:47:50.760 --> 00:47:53.980
Just as Portland did decades
ago, other cities and towns

00:47:53.980 --> 00:47:57.030
around the West are beginning
to take on the challenge of

00:47:57.030 --> 00:47:59.130
managing their growth.

00:47:59.130 --> 00:48:04.810
In many metropolitan areas, be
it Denver's 2020 Vision, or in

00:48:04.810 --> 00:48:08.360
Portland's 2040 Plan, or the
Comprehensive Plan in Seattle,

00:48:08.360 --> 00:48:11.140
we're seeing metropolitan areas
and citizens getting

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involved with designing
the future.

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We just need to keep on it and
keep our elected officials

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with their hands on the steering
wheel of the sprawl

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machine and saying, take
it another direction.

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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Sprawl may look different in
the rural West, but the

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challenge is the same--

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preserving the beauty and
quality of life in this

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magnificent place.

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But out in cowboy country, it's
even harder to convince

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people they need to
get together.

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I can assure you, starting
out in planning--

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especially planning in the
West-- very few people told me

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they wanted planning.

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People threatened my life
because I was a planner.

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They saw it as some sort of
communist plot, some way of

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socializing what was very
distinctly their own.

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That has turned around.

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So that does give me some sense
of hope that people now

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recognize that maybe planning
has some validity.

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Mountain resort towns have been
the biggest magnets for

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growth in the rural West.

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That's left them little choice
but to begin guiding

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development.

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Using some of the same tools as
big metropolitan areas, ski

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towns from Aspen to Sun Valley
have rebuilt downtowns with

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pedestrian malls.

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They've introduced transit
systems as alternatives to the

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car and bought open space not
just for recreation, but to

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focus growth in the
right places.

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In mountain valleys near
resorts, most of the private

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open lands are owned
by ranchers.

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That property is now more
valuable for raising houses

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than raising cattle.

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To keep agricultural land open
and ranchers in business, some

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unlikely partners have
come together.

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Several years ago, there was
a group of folks that were

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pretty much traditionally
opposed to one another.

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There was a group of us that
I then used to call

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environmentalists--

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I now call them
conservationists--

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and a lot of ranchers and
a couple developers and

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realtors thrown in.

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We all started to realize that
we had something in common.

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We wanted to see this
valley preserved.

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Out of these discussions came
the Colorado Cattlemen's Land

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Trust, the first of its
kind in the country.

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Lynn Sharratt is the director.

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A lot of ranchers in the West
are what I like to term dirt

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rich and dollar poor.

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They're sitting on a goldmine.

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But the only way they can
capitalize off that is if they

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actually sell the land.

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And so we have to find something
that is a better

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alternative for them.

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This will work.

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Oh, God.

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Doesn't it smell great?

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Ranchers who want to stay on
the land have a choice.

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They can lower their taxes and
keep speculators away by

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selling or donating the right
to subdivide their property.

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Land trusts are set up to hold
these development rights

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called conservation
easements forever.

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With limited funds, land
trusts can only

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save bits and pieces.

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Regional planning may be what
it takes to make sure large

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areas remain for agriculture
and wildlife.

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One of the tremendous challenges
for preserving this

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landscape is the whole
issue of planning.

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And for every landowner you talk
to, you are going to get

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different answers for how
they think the best way

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to go about it is.

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And often, at the very bottom of
their argument is going to

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be the issue of private
property rights.

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I think that's why the most
important thing that we can do

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is start planning initiatives
that are incentive based

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rather than regulatory based.

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People respond well
to incentives.

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People don't like being
told what to do.

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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The West is far more than
a place on a map.

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It's the inspiration for
America's most powerful myths.

00:52:56.290 --> 00:53:03.580
[MUSIC PLAYING]

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Dime novels and Hollywood
Westerns have captured our

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imaginations with tales
of cowboy heroes

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taming a wild land.

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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The most powerful myth born of
the West is the idea of the

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endless frontier, the
notion that there

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will always be more--

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more fresh air, more clean
water, more land.

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All across America, this
is an illusion.

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Today's open space is destined
to be tomorrow's subdivision.

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The question remains, can we
learn to create more livable

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communities and leave what all
Americans prize, a little bit

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of elbow room?

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The use of this land as a
subdivision, is this the best

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use of this land?

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If it is, I"m all for it.

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But I think, for myself, we
could slow this deal down.

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And when we slow it down, it
doesn't mean that we can't put

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in more subdivisions.

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It doesn't mean that we
can't grow and expand.

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But the way we grow, the way we
expand should be thoughtful

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and considerate of
our resources.

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This is the last best place.

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We want to preserve the
vastness of the open

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spaces of the West.

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That's going to take a pretty
strong stand now.

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I think we'll be the last
generation to be able to make

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that choice.

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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Hey, this looks like a great
place for a subdivision.

00:55:39.600 --> 00:55:41.075
Where do you want
to put the mall?

00:55:41.075 --> 00:56:35.760
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:56:35.760 --> 00:56:38.730
To obtain a copy of Subdivide
and Conquer, call Bullfrog

00:56:38.730 --> 00:56:42.380
Films at 800-543-FROG.

00:56:42.380 --> 00:56:44.330
That's 800-543-3764.