WEBVTT

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[MUSIC - CARMEN MIRANDA,
\"WEEKEND IN HAVANA\"]

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[MACHINE GUN FIRE]

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Latin America, what comes to
mind, the image of a lush,

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tropical paradise or poverty,
violence, and tyranny?

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The United States points
its finger at communist

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interference, Cuban and Soviet
involvement, as the source of

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the unrest.

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What are the people of Latin
America fighting for, and who

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are they fighting against?

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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In all of Central America,
there\'s been a long history of

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economic inequality.

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There have been the majority
of the people, who have had

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very little, and the small
minority having the control,

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politically, economically,
and so on.

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I think you seeing a history,
now, where people simply are

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becoming aware of that fact,
want to change that fact, and

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feel that they deserve to have
certain basic political,

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economic, and social rights.

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Nicaragua, rebellion topples
the Samoza dynasty, the

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longest standing dictatorship
in Latin American history, a

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dictatorship supported
by the United States

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government for decades.

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How did we become involved?

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Investment in Nicaragua
expands at

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the turn of the century.

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Encouraged by growth of trade,
United States companies take

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control of many coffee
and banana interests.

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1926, strikes on US-owned
plantations, Marines land to

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keep order.

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Augusto Sandino vows to free
Nicaragua from foreign

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domination.

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Undefeated after seven years,
he refuses to lay down arms

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until the last Marine
is withdrawn.

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Upon leaving, our forces train
and arm a national guard under

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Anastasio Samoza.

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Sandino is assassinated.

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Somoza establishes 50 years of
dictatorship, passed from

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father to sons.

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For a long time, of course,
American officials were quite

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pleased with Somoza.

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Somoza always voted with us
at the United Nations.

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He boasted of it.

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He said, there\'s nobody else
that that\'s 1,000 in the votes

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at the United Nations
except me.

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I\'m the only one that
always votes the way

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you tell us to vote.

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But for his own people,
Samoza does little.

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Half of Nicaragua\'s children
die before the age of five.

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A vast majority, bitterly
impoverished, while the Samoza

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family controls 60% of industry,
more than half of

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the country\'s farmland.

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The national guard keeps
the dynasty in power.

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The repressive measures, I
gather, had finally reached a

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point where just about everybody
in Nicaragua was

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opposing them.

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He had looted the treasury.

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And I forget the exact
percentage of land that the

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Samoza family controlled in
Nicaragua, but it was obscene.

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There\'s just no other
way to describe it.

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Nicaraguans pay a high price
for their freedom.

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After two years of active
fighting, the country is

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devastated, 40,000 dead.

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But the jubilant victors
celebrate their freedom from

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dictatorship.

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Washington cuts off aid to the
new government, denouncing

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what we call, Cuban
influences.

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[SPEAKING SPANISH]

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Nicaragua is reconstructing an
economy devastated by 40 years

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of Somocismo, with the help of
many people, many nations,

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from many quarters, from
many ideological sides.

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So no, it has become
a Russian colony.

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It has not been seized
by the Russians.

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It has been seized by the
[SPANISH], who are opened to

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cooperation with many nations in
the world, from many, many

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different ideological
directions.

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Guatemala, the Banana Republic,
a major exporter of

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bananas, coffee, sugar.

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More than half of its
citizens are Indian.

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More than 80% of them suffer
from malnutrition.

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For most of this century,
they\'ve been ruled by military

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dictatorships.

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30 years ago, however, Guatemala
new a brief period

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of democracy.

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1950, Jacobo Arbenz is
elected president.

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Almost all productive land is
planted in export crops,

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leaving the poorest land for
the peasants to farm.

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The United Fruit Company is the

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country\'s largest landowner.

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Arbenz implements a campaign
promise, land reform,

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returning unused land
to the peasants.

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This leads to his overthrow.

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The United Fruit Company
rejects Arbenz\'s

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compensation plan.

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The Eisenhower administration
steps in.

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The feeling about Arbenz was
that he was in the pocket of

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the communists, that he would
enable them to take over the

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government, and that
he would put

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communists into key positions.

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And this was unacceptable
as far as

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US policy was concerned.

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1954, US officials meet with
Guatemalan military leaders.

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A coup d\'etat is devised.

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A communist conspiracy
was invented.

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Soviet intervention was
decried, proclaimed.

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The CIA armed Castillo Armas.

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And with the full backing of
the CIA, with planes, with

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arms, Castillo Armas invaded
Guatemala, from Honduras, and

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the democratic experiment came
to an end in Guatemala.

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Now this was done in the
name of democracy.

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And it was done, it was said, to
restore democracy, because

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the Soviets had infiltrated
the Guatemalan government.

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Arbenz is forced into exile.

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Members and supporters of the
reform government are purged

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and jailed, peasants executed
as alleged communist

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sympathizers.

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25 years later, I would like you
to reflect on the state of

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democracy in Guatemala.

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A country where any opinion
maker is immediately suspected

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and, most surely, eliminated,
physically eliminated, by the

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thugs, by the goon squads paid
for, organized, and who

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receive orders from Lucas
Garcia, from the military

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government, in Guatemala.

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The regime of General Lucas
Garcia, considered by Amnesty

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International one of the most
repressive in the world.

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Government policies support a
small, wealthy class, while

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poverty is widespread.

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Most of these people would
like to see a better

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distribution of wealth.

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However, when we stop and
analyze Guatemala, we must

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remember that there is greater
poverty than there is wealth.

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If we were to distribute
anything, at this point in

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time, it would distributing
poverty.

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Guatemala is central America\'s
richest country.

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Oil was recently discovered
off its shores.

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But resource development
forces Indians into the

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cities, where they live
like refugee.

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Jobs are virtually
nonexistent.

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Calls for reform are branded
opposition to the government.

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And opposition is dangerous.

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Citizens become victims of
massacres by death squads and

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by the armed forces.

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Nevertheless, the Reagan
administration has stepped up

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military aid to Guatemala.

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When President Arbenz of
Guatemala was overthrown, the

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American role in the coup d\'etat
was not only obvious,

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it was something we
bragged about it.

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Well, we may have been content
and proud of what happened,

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but all through Latin America
our hand was revealed.

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It was shown what we Americans
would do, in any country in

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Latin America, when there
was a government

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that we didn\'t like.

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Anti-American sentiment grows
in the \'50s, Vice President

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Nixon\'s goodwill tour, a foreign
policy disaster.

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Angry crowds meet him
at every stop.

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What are they angry about?

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One answer, Nixon, your
government is responsible for

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the tragedy in Guatemala.

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The United States has
intervened, with military

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forces, 12 times in Latin
America, in this century.

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Many of these invasions were
led by Brigadier General

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Smedley Butler.

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In his memoirs, 1933, he says.

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\"I helped make Mexico safe for
American oil interests.

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I helped make Haiti an Cuba a
decent place for the National

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City Bank boys to collect
revenue in.

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I helped pacify Nicaragua for
the international banking

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house of Brown Brothers.

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I brought light to the Dominican
Republic for

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American sugar interests.

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I helped make Honduras right for
American fruit companies.\"

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Cuba, the dictatorship of
Fulgencio Batista makes Cuba

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right for US financial
interests.

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In 1959, he is overthrown.

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The revolutionary government
nationalizes foreign holdings.

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Relations with the United States
turn antagonistic.

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1961, invasion at the Bay of
Pigs, Cuban exiles, under the

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direction of the CIA, try to
overthrow the government of

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Fidel Castro.

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The invading forces are turned
away by the Cuban people, who

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prove to be loyal to Castro\'s
government.

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Washington launches an economic

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blockade of the island.

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Prevention of successful
revolutions in Latin America

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takes priority in US policy.

00:13:15.220 --> 00:13:17.895 align:middle line:84%
We intensify counter insurgency
training.

00:13:17.895 --> 00:13:20.640 align:middle line:90%


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I think, probably, the second
major national sport, during

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the Kennedy administration,
was counter insurgency.

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Because it was really,
almost an obsession.

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It was, basically, to describe
how one fought terrorists and

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how one fought communism.

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At Fort Bragg, North Carolina,
home of the Special Warfare

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Center, a new kind of soldier
has emerged, the special

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forces trooper, the man
whose specialty

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is guerrilla fighting.

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He is identified by his
toughness and his skills.

00:13:52.190 --> 00:13:55.350 align:middle line:84%
But the ability to survive is,
of course, only part of the

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guerrilla\'s needs.

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In the end, his effectiveness
will be measured in terms of

00:13:59.780 --> 00:14:03.330 align:middle line:84%
his ability to destroy
and to harass.

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So he becomes, finally, an
expert in the techniques and

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the tools of destruction.

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Good afternoon, I am
Sergeant Wingrove,

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the operation sergeant--

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Annual training sessions at
Fort Bragg, top military

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commanders from Latin America
gather to learn the latest in

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weaponry and to develop
joint strategies.

00:14:24.130 --> 00:14:27.070 align:middle line:84%
Latin American soldiers are
trained in counter insurgency

00:14:27.070 --> 00:14:29.680 align:middle line:90%
techniques.

00:14:29.680 --> 00:14:32.870 align:middle line:84%
We hope to prevent popular
uprisings by strengthening

00:14:32.870 --> 00:14:36.040 align:middle line:90%
local military forces.

00:14:36.040 --> 00:14:38.240 align:middle line:84%
Special emphasis is placed
on keeping a

00:14:38.240 --> 00:14:40.820 align:middle line:90%
tight rein on civilians.

00:14:40.820 --> 00:14:44.890 align:middle line:84%
By 1980, more than 80,000 Latin
American soldiers have

00:14:44.890 --> 00:14:46.140 align:middle line:90%
been trained.

00:14:46.140 --> 00:14:52.510 align:middle line:90%


00:14:52.510 --> 00:14:58.880 align:middle line:84%
The Dominican Republic, the
dictatorship of Rafael

00:14:58.880 --> 00:15:03.110 align:middle line:84%
Trujillo, widely hated by the
people, is kept in power by

00:15:03.110 --> 00:15:05.630 align:middle line:84%
the strong arm of
the military.

00:15:05.630 --> 00:15:08.513 align:middle line:84%
In 1961, Trujillo
is assassinated.

00:15:08.513 --> 00:15:11.980 align:middle line:90%


00:15:11.980 --> 00:15:14.220 align:middle line:84%
For the first time in 30 years,
the people of the

00:15:14.220 --> 00:15:15.940 align:middle line:84%
Dominican Republic
are breathing the

00:15:15.940 --> 00:15:18.260 align:middle line:90%
sweet air of liberty.

00:15:18.260 --> 00:15:21.050 align:middle line:84%
The people demand a democratic
government.

00:15:21.050 --> 00:15:23.755 align:middle line:84%
Juan Bosch is elected
president.

00:15:23.755 --> 00:15:37.880 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING SPANISH]

00:15:37.880 --> 00:15:41.220 align:middle line:84%
Bosch is overthrown by
a military coup.

00:15:41.220 --> 00:15:44.060 align:middle line:84%
Loyal army forces try to
reestablish the legal

00:15:44.060 --> 00:15:45.910 align:middle line:90%
government.

00:15:45.910 --> 00:15:50.860 align:middle line:84%
The United States lands 23,000
Marines, fearing what we call

00:15:50.860 --> 00:15:52.996 align:middle line:84%
the potential for a communist
takeover.

00:15:52.996 --> 00:15:57.780 align:middle line:90%


00:15:57.780 --> 00:16:08.890 align:middle line:84%
The American nation can not,
must not, and will not permit

00:16:08.890 --> 00:16:13.960 align:middle line:84%
the establishment of another
communist government in the

00:16:13.960 --> 00:16:15.210 align:middle line:90%
Western hemisphere.

00:16:15.210 --> 00:16:17.430 align:middle line:90%


00:16:17.430 --> 00:16:21.460 align:middle line:84%
There was actually a list, in
Washington, of communists

00:16:21.460 --> 00:16:25.630 align:middle line:84%
alleged to be in the
Dominican Republic.

00:16:25.630 --> 00:16:28.780 align:middle line:84%
And there was, and still is,
great controversy as to how

00:16:28.780 --> 00:16:31.470 align:middle line:84%
many of these communists were
actually there and how many of

00:16:31.470 --> 00:16:32.720 align:middle line:90%
them were actually communists.

00:16:32.720 --> 00:16:36.325 align:middle line:90%


00:16:36.325 --> 00:16:37.810 align:middle line:90%
Chile.

00:16:37.810 --> 00:16:39.870 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING SPANISH]

00:16:39.870 --> 00:16:43.310 align:middle line:90%
1970, Salvador Allende, a

00:16:43.310 --> 00:16:46.040 align:middle line:90%
socialist, is elected president.

00:16:46.040 --> 00:16:48.910 align:middle line:84%
Chile has enjoyed uninterrupted
democracy since

00:16:48.910 --> 00:16:50.160 align:middle line:90%
the turn of the century.

00:16:50.160 --> 00:16:55.160 align:middle line:90%


00:16:55.160 --> 00:16:58.930 align:middle line:84%
President Nixon and Mr.
Kissinger felt very, very

00:16:58.930 --> 00:17:03.270 align:middle line:84%
strongly about the fact that
the United States could not

00:17:03.270 --> 00:17:06.319 align:middle line:90%
tolerate Allende in office.

00:17:06.319 --> 00:17:11.800 align:middle line:84%
And that the CIA had to take
whatever steps were necessary

00:17:11.800 --> 00:17:14.079 align:middle line:90%
to get rid of him.

00:17:14.079 --> 00:17:18.040 align:middle line:84%
The CIA, US corporate leaders,
and the Chilean military

00:17:18.040 --> 00:17:20.040 align:middle line:90%
joined forces.

00:17:20.040 --> 00:17:22.839 align:middle line:84%
General Augusto Pinochet
leads the coup

00:17:22.839 --> 00:17:26.490 align:middle line:90%
d\'etat against Allende.

00:17:26.490 --> 00:17:29.000 align:middle line:90%
The National Palace is bombed.

00:17:29.000 --> 00:17:30.250 align:middle line:90%
Allende is assassinated.

00:17:30.250 --> 00:17:38.814 align:middle line:90%


00:17:38.814 --> 00:18:01.880 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING SPANISH]

00:18:01.880 --> 00:18:05.415 align:middle line:84%
Allende was a man with
considerable merit.

00:18:05.415 --> 00:18:08.430 align:middle line:90%


00:18:08.430 --> 00:18:11.440 align:middle line:84%
And also, he had views that
differed from ours.

00:18:11.440 --> 00:18:15.300 align:middle line:84%
We would have preferred to see
someone else running Chile.

00:18:15.300 --> 00:18:18.360 align:middle line:84%
But it\'s up to the Chileans
to decide.

00:18:18.360 --> 00:18:21.870 align:middle line:84%
And if the Chileans
wanted Allende,

00:18:21.870 --> 00:18:23.345 align:middle line:90%
they should have Allende.

00:18:23.345 --> 00:18:27.440 align:middle line:84%
And the question is, what the
Chileans wanted, not what

00:18:27.440 --> 00:18:29.990 align:middle line:84%
Uncle Sam, not what the
United States wanted.

00:18:29.990 --> 00:18:35.240 align:middle line:84%
We start a democratic process,
such as the one that took

00:18:35.240 --> 00:18:38.580 align:middle line:84%
place in Guatemala in the \'40s
and \'50s, such as the one that

00:18:38.580 --> 00:18:43.270 align:middle line:84%
took place in Chile in the
\'70s, and it is promptly

00:18:43.270 --> 00:18:45.310 align:middle line:84%
destroyed, promptly intervened,
and promptly

00:18:45.310 --> 00:18:49.800 align:middle line:84%
corrupted by the same people who
create the illusion that

00:18:49.800 --> 00:18:52.410 align:middle line:84%
Latin Americans are incapable
of governing themselves.

00:18:52.410 --> 00:18:55.100 align:middle line:84%
If there has ever been a
catch-22 in history, it is

00:18:55.100 --> 00:18:57.410 align:middle line:90%
this one, Mr. Benz.

00:18:57.410 --> 00:19:02.710 align:middle line:84%
In 1950, 17% of the people of
Latin America lived under

00:19:02.710 --> 00:19:05.020 align:middle line:90%
military dictatorships.

00:19:05.020 --> 00:19:10.110 align:middle line:84%
30 years later, in 1980,
56% are ruled

00:19:10.110 --> 00:19:11.360 align:middle line:90%
by a military regimes.

00:19:11.360 --> 00:19:16.320 align:middle line:90%


00:19:16.320 --> 00:19:19.682 align:middle line:84%
It was shocking thing to read
about a military overthrow in

00:19:19.682 --> 00:19:24.240 align:middle line:84%
a country of Latin America and
realize that the tanks that

00:19:24.240 --> 00:19:27.910 align:middle line:84%
carried out the coup d\'etat
are American tanks, the

00:19:27.910 --> 00:19:30.900 align:middle line:84%
officers, who command them,
are trained by Americans.

00:19:30.900 --> 00:19:34.340 align:middle line:84%
And occasionally, they are men
who have been trained in our

00:19:34.340 --> 00:19:37.750 align:middle line:84%
military schools,
in this country.

00:19:37.750 --> 00:19:43.020 align:middle line:84%
We have done a disservice to the
peoples of Latin America

00:19:43.020 --> 00:19:46.560 align:middle line:84%
in putting this emphasis
upon military training.

00:19:46.560 --> 00:19:51.260 align:middle line:84%
It has not increased
our security.

00:19:51.260 --> 00:19:55.410 align:middle line:84%
It has not strengthened us, vis
a vis the Soviet Union,

00:19:55.410 --> 00:20:02.560 align:middle line:84%
because there are few countries,
in Latin America,

00:20:02.560 --> 00:20:07.490 align:middle line:84%
now, where the people are
really on our side.

00:20:07.490 --> 00:20:15.060 align:middle line:84%
El Salvador, for 50 years, the
wealthy 14 families and the

00:20:15.060 --> 00:20:18.630 align:middle line:84%
military have run the
country by force.

00:20:18.630 --> 00:20:22.780 align:middle line:84%
Today, a bloody civil war is
being fought in El Salvador.

00:20:22.780 --> 00:20:26.670 align:middle line:84%
The United States take sides
with the military, claiming

00:20:26.670 --> 00:20:30.660 align:middle line:84%
the opposition is communist
inspired.

00:20:30.660 --> 00:20:34.710 align:middle line:84%
Anyone who looked at El Salvador
could realize that

00:20:34.710 --> 00:20:38.290 align:middle line:84%
its problems were, more than
anything else, social.

00:20:38.290 --> 00:20:42.590 align:middle line:84%
They were not problems of
communist subversion.

00:20:42.590 --> 00:20:46.530 align:middle line:84%
Although, the feudal families,
the very wealthy families,

00:20:46.530 --> 00:20:50.060 align:middle line:84%
always blamed any unrest
on communists.

00:20:50.060 --> 00:20:53.010 align:middle line:84%
And there were quick to come
to our embassy and tell us

00:20:53.010 --> 00:20:55.740 align:middle line:84%
that the Castroites had landed,
that the communists

00:20:55.740 --> 00:20:57.310 align:middle line:90%
had landed.

00:20:57.310 --> 00:21:03.290 align:middle line:84%
And we had to help them get
rid of the communists.

00:21:03.290 --> 00:21:08.560 align:middle line:84%
May, 1979, outside the cathedral
in San Salvador,

00:21:08.560 --> 00:21:11.200 align:middle line:84%
demonstrators at a peaceful
protest of government

00:21:11.200 --> 00:21:16.596 align:middle line:84%
policies, without warning,
troops move in and open fire.

00:21:16.596 --> 00:21:40.230 align:middle line:90%


00:21:40.230 --> 00:21:44.380 align:middle line:84%
The massacre, the first of many,
leads to unification of

00:21:44.380 --> 00:21:45.900 align:middle line:90%
the opposition.

00:21:45.900 --> 00:21:49.000 align:middle line:84%
The Democratic Revolutionary
Front is a coalition of

00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:52.840 align:middle line:84%
establishment figures, students,
and peasants.

00:21:52.840 --> 00:21:56.400 align:middle line:84%
Enrique Alvarez, a popular and
well respected landowner,

00:21:56.400 --> 00:21:58.740 align:middle line:90%
becomes their leader.

00:21:58.740 --> 00:22:20.280 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING SPANISH]

00:22:20.280 --> 00:22:23.530 align:middle line:84%
The leaders of the true
opposition, the leaders of

00:22:23.530 --> 00:22:28.400 align:middle line:84%
[SPANISH], the FDR, who,
believing in the word of

00:22:28.400 --> 00:22:30.500 align:middle line:84%
Napoleon Duarte, of the
civilians in the junta, came

00:22:30.500 --> 00:22:33.530 align:middle line:84%
back, last October,
to El Salvador.

00:22:33.530 --> 00:22:35.620 align:middle line:84%
During their first meeting, they
were surrounded by death

00:22:35.620 --> 00:22:38.630 align:middle line:84%
squads and murdered, every
single one of them, Alvarez,

00:22:38.630 --> 00:22:42.770 align:middle line:84%
Cordova, all the civilian
directorship of the Democratic

00:22:42.770 --> 00:22:47.560 align:middle line:84%
opposition, as Archbishop Oscar
Romero was murdered, as

00:22:47.560 --> 00:22:49.260 align:middle line:84%
Father Rutillo Grande
was murdered.

00:22:49.260 --> 00:22:53.790 align:middle line:90%


00:22:53.790 --> 00:22:57.470 align:middle line:84%
My friend, Enrique Alvarez, who
was murdered, tortured and

00:22:57.470 --> 00:23:01.190 align:middle line:84%
murdered, who was seized when he
went back for conversations

00:23:01.190 --> 00:23:03.980 align:middle line:84%
about the future of
the country, was

00:23:03.980 --> 00:23:05.240 align:middle line:90%
an outstanding person.

00:23:05.240 --> 00:23:08.700 align:middle line:84%
Because he was a member of
the 14 families, himself.

00:23:08.700 --> 00:23:11.980 align:middle line:84%
But as a member of the 14
families, he was appalled by

00:23:11.980 --> 00:23:15.880 align:middle line:84%
the conditions in which
people lived.

00:23:15.880 --> 00:23:18.350 align:middle line:84%
Enrique Alvarez was ready
to sacrifice everything.

00:23:18.350 --> 00:23:21.920 align:middle line:84%
And in the end, he did
give his life.

00:23:21.920 --> 00:23:26.720 align:middle line:84%
Guillermo Ungo, a lawyer,
replaces Alvarez.

00:23:26.720 --> 00:23:28.800 align:middle line:90%
He calls for negotiations.

00:23:28.800 --> 00:23:33.340 align:middle line:84%
For us, it\'s important to reach
an agreement but with

00:23:33.340 --> 00:23:37.010 align:middle line:84%
the right people, with
the right sectors.

00:23:37.010 --> 00:23:41.000 align:middle line:84%
That is the people who really
want democracy, not the people

00:23:41.000 --> 00:23:45.100 align:middle line:84%
that talk about democracy,
as Somoza talked, as this

00:23:45.100 --> 00:23:48.960 align:middle line:84%
military we have had has talked
for 50 years and has

00:23:48.960 --> 00:23:52.820 align:middle line:84%
given just the opposite
of democracy.

00:23:52.820 --> 00:23:57.980 align:middle line:84%
1981, the junta rules
by martial law.

00:23:57.980 --> 00:24:00.250 align:middle line:84%
After the 11 o\'clock curfew,
the sound of

00:24:00.250 --> 00:24:02.810 align:middle line:90%
military trucks is heard.

00:24:02.810 --> 00:24:06.760 align:middle line:84%
In the morning, bodies remain
as a warning to those who

00:24:06.760 --> 00:24:08.010 align:middle line:90%
oppose the government.

00:24:08.010 --> 00:24:13.700 align:middle line:90%


00:24:13.700 --> 00:24:16.270 align:middle line:84%
The junta has very little
popular support.

00:24:16.270 --> 00:24:18.620 align:middle line:84%
The Church has made that clear,
over and over again, in

00:24:18.620 --> 00:24:19.390 align:middle line:90%
El Salvador.

00:24:19.390 --> 00:24:22.110 align:middle line:84%
What has happened is
that it\'s moved

00:24:22.110 --> 00:24:23.860 align:middle line:90%
increasingly to the right.

00:24:23.860 --> 00:24:26.430 align:middle line:84%
And therefore, it\'s begun to get
more and more support from

00:24:26.430 --> 00:24:29.790 align:middle line:84%
the more right-wing elements
and the more, I would say,

00:24:29.790 --> 00:24:32.010 align:middle line:84%
violent right-wing
in El Salvador.

00:24:32.010 --> 00:24:35.220 align:middle line:90%


00:24:35.220 --> 00:24:38.890 align:middle line:84%
Troops scour the countryside
for insurgents.

00:24:38.890 --> 00:24:51.510 align:middle line:84%
Civilian casualties are often
as high as 1,000 a month.

00:24:51.510 --> 00:24:54.320 align:middle line:84%
Anyone suspected of providing
food or shelter to

00:24:54.320 --> 00:24:56.870 align:middle line:90%
revolutionaries is arrested.

00:24:56.870 --> 00:24:59.970 align:middle line:84%
Their thumbs are tied
behind their backs.

00:24:59.970 --> 00:25:03.470 align:middle line:84%
Once they are led away, their
families don\'t expect to see

00:25:03.470 --> 00:25:04.720 align:middle line:90%
them alive again.

00:25:04.720 --> 00:25:08.440 align:middle line:90%


00:25:08.440 --> 00:25:12.080 align:middle line:84%
When I came here, my own
government had told me that

00:25:12.080 --> 00:25:14.590 align:middle line:84%
atrocities were being committed
by both sides.

00:25:14.590 --> 00:25:17.930 align:middle line:84%
In talking with victims,
themselves, it was continually

00:25:17.930 --> 00:25:21.460 align:middle line:84%
stated that it was the army, the
national guard, and ORDEN.

00:25:21.460 --> 00:25:24.290 align:middle line:84%
Never, never did we here of
the Popular Front doing

00:25:24.290 --> 00:25:27.700 align:middle line:90%
anything along those lines.

00:25:27.700 --> 00:25:31.520 align:middle line:84%
Arms, supplies, and advisers
are sent by Washington in

00:25:31.520 --> 00:25:33.520 align:middle line:90%
support of the junta.

00:25:33.520 --> 00:25:36.250 align:middle line:84%
The Reagan administration
maintains that Cuba and the

00:25:36.250 --> 00:25:39.576 align:middle line:84%
Soviet Union are the real forces
behind the opposition.

00:25:39.576 --> 00:25:43.420 align:middle line:90%


00:25:43.420 --> 00:25:46.150 align:middle line:84%
It did not take the communists,
in 1932, to

00:25:46.150 --> 00:25:47.775 align:middle line:84%
persuade the Salvadoran
peasants

00:25:47.775 --> 00:25:49.310 align:middle line:90%
that they were hungry.

00:25:49.310 --> 00:25:52.910 align:middle line:84%
It does not take the communists
today to persuade

00:25:52.910 --> 00:25:56.730 align:middle line:84%
the Salvadoran people that they
are impoverished, not

00:25:56.730 --> 00:26:00.290 align:middle line:84%
just poor but impoverished, by
the influence of other people.

00:26:00.290 --> 00:26:03.670 align:middle line:84%
For the Salvadorians are people
who\'ve been made poor

00:26:03.670 --> 00:26:05.920 align:middle line:84%
by the economic and social
system with which

00:26:05.920 --> 00:26:07.800 align:middle line:90%
they\'ve been living.

00:26:07.800 --> 00:26:11.570 align:middle line:84%
And no communist needs to
tell them that fact.

00:26:11.570 --> 00:26:13.230 align:middle line:90%
This is obvious.

00:26:13.230 --> 00:26:15.990 align:middle line:84%
I think the United States
should have a much more

00:26:15.990 --> 00:26:19.770 align:middle line:84%
liberal and far-sighted policy
and understand that, first of

00:26:19.770 --> 00:26:21.850 align:middle line:90%
all, these are local problems.

00:26:21.850 --> 00:26:24.250 align:middle line:84%
They\'re not problems invented by
Cuba or by the Soviet Union

00:26:24.250 --> 00:26:24.980 align:middle line:90%
or by anyone.

00:26:24.980 --> 00:26:26.270 align:middle line:90%
They are born from the land.

00:26:26.270 --> 00:26:28.080 align:middle line:84%
They are born from the history,
from the experience

00:26:28.080 --> 00:26:30.660 align:middle line:84%
of Guatemala, of El Salvador,
of Nicaragua.

00:26:30.660 --> 00:26:32.500 align:middle line:84%
You cannot import, export
revolutions.

00:26:32.500 --> 00:26:34.720 align:middle line:84%
Revolutions are not tomatoes
or bananas.

00:26:34.720 --> 00:26:35.900 align:middle line:90%
They are grown there.

00:26:35.900 --> 00:26:36.840 align:middle line:90%
And they stay there.

00:26:36.840 --> 00:26:39.430 align:middle line:84%
And they obey to very
local circumstances.

00:26:39.430 --> 00:26:43.130 align:middle line:84%
I think, frequently, the United
States fails to count

00:26:43.130 --> 00:26:47.410 align:middle line:84%
its own blessings and realize
how very fortunate we\'ve been.

00:26:47.410 --> 00:26:49.940 align:middle line:84%
We have paid a cost in blood
for our freedoms.

00:26:49.940 --> 00:26:54.160 align:middle line:84%
We fought a very bloody Civil
War, one of the bloodiest wars

00:26:54.160 --> 00:26:58.120 align:middle line:84%
in history, in order to achieve
certain freedoms.

00:26:58.120 --> 00:27:00.640 align:middle line:84%
And we\'ve had internal
disorders, which, when you

00:27:00.640 --> 00:27:06.000 align:middle line:84%
tote up, add more blood to the
cost that was paid, going back

00:27:06.000 --> 00:27:10.800 align:middle line:84%
to Thomas Jefferson\'s comments
about the tree of freedom must

00:27:10.800 --> 00:27:15.750 align:middle line:84%
be frequently fertilized with
the blood of patriots.

00:27:15.750 --> 00:27:18.930 align:middle line:84%
And by this he meant that
frequently there must be this

00:27:18.930 --> 00:27:22.400 align:middle line:84%
type of unrest in order to
achieve the freedoms we want.

00:27:22.400 --> 00:27:27.480 align:middle line:84%
But we must recognize this is
true of other nations, too.

00:27:27.480 --> 00:27:31.810 align:middle line:84%
Life, liberty, and the pursuit
of happiness, whenever any

00:27:31.810 --> 00:27:36.520 align:middle line:84%
form of government becomes
destructive to these ends, it

00:27:36.520 --> 00:27:40.880 align:middle line:84%
is the right of the people to
alter and abolish it and

00:27:40.880 --> 00:27:44.120 align:middle line:90%
institute new government.

00:27:44.120 --> 00:29:26.120 align:middle line:90%
[MUSIC PLAYING, CROWD SOUNDS]

00:29:26.120 --> 00:29:27.370 align:middle line:90%