The Clitoris

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'The clitoris is the only part of the body which has no function other than providing pleasure.' - Natalie Angier, author of Woman: An Intimate Geography

This provocative and often humorous documentary explores the 'mysteries' of female sexuality, focusing on the clitoris; a tiny, highly sensitive organ with 8,000 nerve endings at its tip, making it the most responsive organ in the human body, including the tongue or, in men, the penis.

In THE CLITORIS interviews with doctors, psychologists, writers, therapists, and sex educators are interwoven with graphic imagery, animation, hilarious TV commercials to examine both historical and contemporary perceptions of the psychology and physiology of women's sexual response.

Originally 'discovered' in 1559 by an Italian anatomist, the clitoris was long ignored or misunderstood in the medical literature. But the film includes sequences with Dr. Helen O'Connell, a Urologist at the University of Melbourne who did the first complete anatomical study of the clitoris, as well as animated sequences illustrating both its internal and external physiology.

Other sequences look at the clitoris' crucial importance in terms of female sexual response; a clinical psychologist discusses how seventy percent of women report that they do not have orgasms during vaginal intercourse. And teenage girls discuss overcoming social taboos involved in discussing their sexual anatomy, learning about the pleasures it can afford them, as well as the importance of sexual responsibility in their relationships.

The film also examines other issues, such as women's response to erotica, whether or not the 'G spot' actually exists, the nature of female sexual urges, women's ability to have multiple orgasms, the debate over Viagra and the potential for a female version of this sexual-enhancement drug, and women's basic right to sexual pleasure.

In short, THE CLITORIS is a stimulating documentary that is sure to generate discussion and debate in a wide variety of settings!

' * * * [3 Stars!] Recommended! Exposing the many historical omissions and peculiar myths surrounding this most complex part of the female anatomy... THE CLITORIS is a serious, but also playfully risqué, documentary featuring an international group of writers, medical researchers, sex therapists, psychologists, and others discussing a myriad of sex-related topics, from age-old offensive historical depictions... to the humorous misrepresentations (or, more accurately, total lack of representation) of women's orgasmic potential in medical, educational and literary texts. Drive[s] home the point that centuries of ignorance and fear have combined to made women's sensuality an all-too-often forbidden pleasure. Lots of saucy fun!'-Video Librarian

'A fine film, done with high production values, tasteful explicit nudity and sexual discussions. One can feel comfortable using it in a variety of settings. The film will be useful for classroom work, men's and women's discussion groups, and other locations where sexuality can be openly presented and discussed. Some very lovely images of the female body and specifically the vulva, open onto an assortment of interviews, discussions, cartoons, medical images and animations, and, in particular, a wide ranging discussions of the history, problems and pleasures of female sexuality.'-David S. Hall, PhD, for The Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality

'Recommended! A refreshingly open exploration of a topic that is usually considered taboo. The video and audio qualities are excellent and the graphics greatly enhance the clinical explanations presented in the film. This documentary is recommended for libraries in educational institutions, especially those specializing in medicine or issues of sexuality. This video would also be useful for non-profit organizations specializing in sexual education and women's issues. '-Educational Media Reviews Online

'Very good... informative and educational.'-World Screen News

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Main credits

Other credits

Camera, Nicole Battake ... [et al.]; editor, Variety Moszynski.

MARC Record See Worldcat record

Keywords

female sexuality; erotica; orgasm; woman's; women's; sex; sexual response; intercourse; pleasure; psychiatry; anatomy; documentary; history; Viagra; G Spot; Dr. Helen O'Connell; Natalie Angier; film; video; DVD; ,"The Clitoris",Icarus Films

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00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:31.770 align:middle line:90%

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The clitoris is the only part of
the body that has no other

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function except for pleasure.

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That\'s what makes
it so amazing.

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And that\'s why it\'s so strange
to think of women as thinking

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of their sexuality as a little
more muted than men\'s.

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Because it\'s there only
for pleasure.

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And it does operate very
similarly to the penis in that

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it engorges with blood when
you\'re excited, and everything

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sort of becomes very taut.

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And it starts to protrude a
little bit, and you can

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actually see that happening.

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It kind of sticks out almost
like an erection.

00:01:04.824 --> 00:01:09.020 align:middle line:90%

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It\'s interesting how lacking
even nicknames are for

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something like the clitoris.

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Girls are often told, well, no,
you don\'t have a penis.

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And at best they\'re told they
have a vagina, but there\'s

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certainly very little said
about what is there, so

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there\'s, in a way, enforcing the
kind of Freudian idea that

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a girl would be envious.

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I don\'t think any girls are
envious about penises.

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But I think it\'s pretty
difficult when a child gets

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told, no, you don\'t have such
and such as if you really do

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have something missing.

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[SPEAKING FRENCH]

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I just think it\'s really, really
important that women

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become very aware of their
abilities to have an orgasm,

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and to kind of debunk the myths
around being frigid or

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all those kinds of things that
really aren\'t understood about

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women physically,
and/or mentally.

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And I just think it\'s important
to have orgasms.

00:02:56.500 --> 00:03:33.056 align:middle line:90%

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I was 10 years old when I was
told I must make my first

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communion, which is a very,
very important event.

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It was going to be the
happiest day of

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my life I was told.

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So they dressed me up like a
bride of Christ, long white

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robes, veil, rosary
around my neck.

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Unfortunately, I had a very bad
cold, and there were no

00:03:56.760 --> 00:03:59.410 align:middle line:84%
pockets in the robe,
so I stuffed my

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handkerchief up my knickers.

00:04:02.020 --> 00:04:05.920 align:middle line:84%
Well, after the ceremony, I
was walking back down the

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corridor to have breakfast when
the Reverend Mother came

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whirling around the corner, and
caught me with my hand in

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my knickers.

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\"Joan\", she said, \"what do you
think you\'re doing, you

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dreadful child?

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You do know that\'s a mortal
sin, don\'t you?

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And you with Christ still in
you.\" Oh dear, I thought, what

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is it up there?

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What have I done, what
have I touched?

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So afterwards, I had a little
feel around to see if there

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was anything there, which
I rather liked I found.

00:04:34.520 --> 00:04:43.080 align:middle line:90%

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If you look at the labial folds,
in the sort of the tent

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of the labial folds,
is the clitoris.

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It\'s sort of this very nice, I
think, it\'s actually a very

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pretty thing.

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My daughter who\'s six and a half
thinks it\'s disgusting,

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but I think that it\'s really
beautiful in that its shape is

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sort of all-- it\'s like the
whole thing kind of folds in

00:05:05.130 --> 00:05:07.443 align:middle line:84%
from the other pieces
of it, and they all

00:05:07.443 --> 00:05:10.010 align:middle line:90%
sort of come together.

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The clitoris is more sensitive
than the penis.

00:05:12.880 --> 00:05:15.600 align:middle line:84%
The clitoris is the most
sensitive tissue anywhere.

00:05:15.600 --> 00:05:19.480 align:middle line:84%
I mean it has more nerve
fibers at its tip than

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anywhere else, the tongue
or anything.

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It\'s got 4,000 nerve fibers
coming from each side

00:05:26.790 --> 00:05:30.750 align:middle line:84%
culminating in that nice little
head of 8,000 nerve

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fibers, and the penis has just
4,000 or 6,000 total.

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So it has more nerve fibers plus
it\'s a much tinier space

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that they\'re all sort of
compressed into, so that\'s why

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it is so sensitive.

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And that\'s why a lot of women
don\'t like to have it touched

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directly, because it\'s
like, it\'s too much.

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You want to get at
it indirectly.

00:05:51.740 --> 00:05:56.430 align:middle line:90%

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The clitoris is more than
just a magic button.

00:06:00.070 --> 00:06:03.500 align:middle line:84%
It is also much bigger
than you might think.

00:06:03.500 --> 00:06:07.520 align:middle line:84%
The body reaches up under the
hood, then folds over and

00:06:07.520 --> 00:06:10.570 align:middle line:84%
splits up into two long branches
which travel down

00:06:10.570 --> 00:06:13.670 align:middle line:90%
along the pubic bone.

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When the clitoris is sexually
aroused, it swells up with

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blood to twice its normal size
and grows taut and stiff, very

00:06:21.780 --> 00:06:23.095 align:middle line:90%
much like a male erection.

00:06:23.095 --> 00:06:26.820 align:middle line:90%

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You don\'t have after orgasm
the same release of those

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muscles, and that\'s one of the
reasons why women can have

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multiple orgasms.

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And I\'ve often thought that
there was nothing to be

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jealous of with a penis, because
it was like a shotgun.

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And as far as I\'m concerned,
the clitoris is really like

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this machine gun, and it can go

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rat-a-tat-tat for a long time.

00:06:49.485 --> 00:07:25.920 align:middle line:90%

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Helen O\'Connell is the only
person to have studied the

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anatomy of the clitoris using
modern medical techniques.

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Surprising as it may seem, the
subject had been neglected for

00:07:35.730 --> 00:07:41.480 align:middle line:90%
nearly 100 years.

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Basic science, like anatomy,
is not well documented.

00:07:45.950 --> 00:07:49.220 align:middle line:84%
Most of the textbook
descriptions are inadequate

00:07:49.220 --> 00:07:53.080 align:middle line:90%
or, in fact, inaccurate.

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If your basic learning tools are
wrong, then there\'s likely

00:07:56.670 --> 00:07:59.660 align:middle line:84%
to be a whole lot of things that
stem from that that are

00:07:59.660 --> 00:08:00.910 align:middle line:90%
erroneous as well.

00:08:00.910 --> 00:08:08.810 align:middle line:90%

00:08:08.810 --> 00:08:11.930 align:middle line:84%
I suppose it ticked through my
mind that at some stage it

00:08:11.930 --> 00:08:15.020 align:middle line:84%
would be really terrific
to investigate

00:08:15.020 --> 00:08:17.950 align:middle line:90%
what is female anatomy.

00:08:17.950 --> 00:08:20.910 align:middle line:90%

00:08:20.910 --> 00:08:26.120 align:middle line:84%
It still is an area of
significant research even

00:08:26.120 --> 00:08:30.740 align:middle line:84%
though you would think it\'s all
stable and has been done.

00:08:30.740 --> 00:08:34.250 align:middle line:84%
So no question, there were some
excellent studies done

00:08:34.250 --> 00:08:35.730 align:middle line:90%
during the 19th century.

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At the same time, why aren\'t
they the images we\'ve now got

00:08:39.000 --> 00:08:40.240 align:middle line:90%
in the textbook?

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What happens to knowledge but
it kind of disappears?

00:08:42.976 --> 00:08:46.620 align:middle line:90%

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The first anatomist to discover
the clitoris was an

00:08:49.010 --> 00:08:51.510 align:middle line:90%
Italian, Renaldo Columbus.

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In 1559, he passionately
described it as the seat of

00:08:55.240 --> 00:08:59.540 align:middle line:84%
love, so pretty and useful,
Amor Veneris.

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In the same era, his master, the
great anatomist, Vesalius,

00:09:03.310 --> 00:09:06.280 align:middle line:84%
studied the female reproductive
organs.

00:09:06.280 --> 00:09:10.380 align:middle line:84%
Vesalius drawings made medical
history, but Colombo\'s work

00:09:10.380 --> 00:09:11.630 align:middle line:90%
totally disappeared.

00:09:11.630 --> 00:09:14.240 align:middle line:90%

00:09:14.240 --> 00:09:17.800 align:middle line:84%
100 years later, the Dutch
anatomist, Regnier de Graaf,

00:09:17.800 --> 00:09:20.300 align:middle line:84%
thought he discovered
the clitoris.

00:09:20.300 --> 00:09:23.510 align:middle line:84%
He was convinced that without
the pleasures it gave, no

00:09:23.510 --> 00:09:25.650 align:middle line:84%
woman would agree to
bear children.

00:09:25.650 --> 00:09:28.680 align:middle line:84%
But then, for another
200 years, the

00:09:28.680 --> 00:09:30.274 align:middle line:90%
clitoris fell into oblivion.

00:09:30.274 --> 00:09:34.195 align:middle line:90%

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In 1844, the German anatomist,
Georg Kobelt, finally

00:09:39.020 --> 00:09:41.770 align:middle line:84%
published a series of
excellence drawings.

00:09:41.770 --> 00:09:44.670 align:middle line:84%
Medicine could no longer
neglect it.

00:09:44.670 --> 00:09:48.840 align:middle line:84%
All sorts of illustrations, more
or less accurate began to

00:09:48.840 --> 00:09:52.380 align:middle line:84%
appear in medical
publications.

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In 1900, the clitoris clearly
appears in Grey\'s Anatomy, the

00:09:56.660 --> 00:09:57.980 align:middle line:90%
surgeon\'s bible.

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But then, curiously, in the
1948 edition, it has

00:10:01.160 --> 00:10:04.220 align:middle line:90%
disappeared again.

00:10:04.220 --> 00:10:08.720 align:middle line:84%
This book is my trusty surgical
anatomy book that

00:10:08.720 --> 00:10:14.500 align:middle line:84%
I\'ve studied for several years
back in the mid and late 80s,

00:10:14.500 --> 00:10:17.910 align:middle line:84%
and which probably had a great
influence in spurring me on to

00:10:17.910 --> 00:10:20.930 align:middle line:84%
do this work in the
first place.

00:10:20.930 --> 00:10:24.790 align:middle line:84%
The fact that there actually was
no description whatsoever

00:10:24.790 --> 00:10:27.350 align:middle line:90%
of the clitoris itself.

00:10:27.350 --> 00:10:30.950 align:middle line:84%
And that there was a full
section on the mechanism of

00:10:30.950 --> 00:10:34.990 align:middle line:84%
erection, followed by
information about the

00:10:34.990 --> 00:10:39.620 align:middle line:84%
neuroanatomy and the vascular
supply to the penis with

00:10:39.620 --> 00:10:43.970 align:middle line:84%
absolutely no reference at
all to the clitoris.

00:10:43.970 --> 00:10:49.500 align:middle line:84%
I thought, hmm, this
is not very good.

00:10:49.500 --> 00:10:52.530 align:middle line:84%
Dr. O\'Connell proved that the
clitoris was much larger than

00:10:52.530 --> 00:10:54.070 align:middle line:90%
anyone had imagined.

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Its average size is
eight centimeters.

00:10:56.530 --> 00:10:59.290 align:middle line:84%
It is also a considerably
more complex organ

00:10:59.290 --> 00:11:01.250 align:middle line:90%
than had been thought.

00:11:01.250 --> 00:11:04.130 align:middle line:84%
There are two bulbs of erectile
tissue which run down

00:11:04.130 --> 00:11:06.650 align:middle line:84%
the entire length of the
vulva known as the

00:11:06.650 --> 00:11:08.880 align:middle line:90%
bulbs of the vestibule.

00:11:08.880 --> 00:11:11.520 align:middle line:84%
Helen O\'Connell discovered that
far from being distinct

00:11:11.520 --> 00:11:15.335 align:middle line:84%
organs, they are, in fact, part
of the clitoris itself.

00:11:15.335 --> 00:11:19.550 align:middle line:84%
They, too, engorge with blood
when sexually aroused creating

00:11:19.550 --> 00:11:22.970 align:middle line:84%
a highly erogenous zone around
the urethra and the opening of

00:11:22.970 --> 00:11:24.220 align:middle line:90%
the vagina.

00:11:24.220 --> 00:12:22.160 align:middle line:90%

00:12:22.160 --> 00:12:23.448 align:middle line:90%
That was me at that time.

00:12:23.448 --> 00:12:26.180 align:middle line:90%

00:12:26.180 --> 00:12:27.420 align:middle line:90%
And so was that.

00:12:27.420 --> 00:12:31.450 align:middle line:84%
I think the most interesting one
is this one of me with all

00:12:31.450 --> 00:12:33.350 align:middle line:90%
my fellow officers in the war.

00:12:33.350 --> 00:12:35.160 align:middle line:90%
I\'m there.

00:12:35.160 --> 00:12:39.930 align:middle line:84%
Now I\'m no raving beauty, but
as you can see, I don\'t have

00:12:39.930 --> 00:12:41.545 align:middle line:90%
very much competition.

00:12:41.545 --> 00:12:44.850 align:middle line:84%
If you look at those strange
looking ladies, they\'re real

00:12:44.850 --> 00:12:48.630 align:middle line:90%
respectable and rather fat.

00:12:48.630 --> 00:12:51.366 align:middle line:84%
I look quite gorgeous
compared to them.

00:12:51.366 --> 00:12:56.628 align:middle line:84%
I didn\'t have much sex than
anybody else there.

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I shared a room in the officer\'s
mess in Inverness

00:13:01.370 --> 00:13:02.750 align:middle line:90%
with two lovely girls.

00:13:02.750 --> 00:13:06.420 align:middle line:84%
Pandora, who was rather
posh, and Gussie who

00:13:06.420 --> 00:13:08.000 align:middle line:90%
was anything but.

00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:12.920 align:middle line:84%
And we both shared or mixed
with the same group of

00:13:12.920 --> 00:13:14.800 align:middle line:90%
Norwegian sailors.

00:13:14.800 --> 00:13:17.590 align:middle line:84%
We like to discuss them,
what they were like,

00:13:17.590 --> 00:13:19.230 align:middle line:90%
particularly in bed.

00:13:19.230 --> 00:13:23.340 align:middle line:84%
We all came to the conclusion
that they were no good.

00:13:23.340 --> 00:13:24.600 align:middle line:90%
We loved to cuddle, though.

00:13:24.600 --> 00:13:29.290 align:middle line:84%
We loved them, but we never had
any pleasure from them.

00:13:29.290 --> 00:13:31.450 align:middle line:90%
We didn\'t know why.

00:13:31.450 --> 00:13:35.140 align:middle line:84%
And then one day Gussie said,
oh, I heard about this doctor,

00:13:35.140 --> 00:13:37.010 align:middle line:90%
[? Dr. Lashman ?].

00:13:37.010 --> 00:13:41.340 align:middle line:84%
He specializes in something
called the clitoris.

00:13:41.340 --> 00:13:45.990 align:middle line:84%
Oh, yes, I heard about
that one, I think.

00:13:45.990 --> 00:13:47.960 align:middle line:84%
And she said it\'s
like a trigger.

00:13:47.960 --> 00:13:50.840 align:middle line:84%
It sort of makes you have
a wonderful orgasm.

00:13:50.840 --> 00:13:54.060 align:middle line:84%
Well, we\'d never had an
orgasm in our lives.

00:13:54.060 --> 00:13:56.870 align:middle line:84%
Wow, we said, ring him
up immediately.

00:13:56.870 --> 00:13:59.225 align:middle line:84%
So we did, and we made an
appointment with him for the

00:13:59.225 --> 00:14:01.630 align:middle line:90%
whole afternoon, actually.

00:14:01.630 --> 00:14:04.560 align:middle line:84%
And that was [? Dr. Lashman ?],
a little

00:14:04.560 --> 00:14:07.810 align:middle line:90%
man with bifocals.

00:14:07.810 --> 00:14:14.050 align:middle line:84%
And we had to strip off, and
he did a very embarrassing

00:14:14.050 --> 00:14:16.250 align:middle line:90%
exploration of our bodies.

00:14:16.250 --> 00:14:20.420 align:middle line:84%
When he came to me he said,
\"Aha, you have not got a man

00:14:20.420 --> 00:14:24.990 align:middle line:84%
in your boat.\" He looked rather
pleased to find that.

00:14:24.990 --> 00:14:28.700 align:middle line:84%
\"And that is what is called
the clitoris.

00:14:28.700 --> 00:14:31.560 align:middle line:84%
And it will trigger off
everything you will want in an

00:14:31.560 --> 00:14:35.330 align:middle line:84%
orgasm, and so on, but
it\'s much too small.\"

00:14:35.330 --> 00:14:40.370 align:middle line:84%
\"I will give you a cream to
rub on it every night, and

00:14:40.370 --> 00:14:44.420 align:middle line:84%
with any luck, in about two
or three weeks time, your

00:14:44.420 --> 00:14:48.980 align:middle line:84%
clitoris will be long enough
and strong enough to hang a

00:14:48.980 --> 00:14:52.420 align:middle line:84%
copper kettle on.\" So that
sounds all right.

00:14:52.420 --> 00:14:56.230 align:middle line:84%
So we both got our little tubes
of cream, which costs us

00:14:56.230 --> 00:15:02.060 align:middle line:84%
30 bobs each, went home with
them, and we rubbed, and we

00:15:02.060 --> 00:15:05.926 align:middle line:84%
rubbed, and we rubbed, and
we had masses of orgasms.

00:15:05.926 --> 00:15:07.605 align:middle line:90%
I couldn\'t believe it.

00:15:07.605 --> 00:15:11.480 align:middle line:90%

00:15:11.480 --> 00:15:14.190 align:middle line:84%
Science has never felt at
ease about the clitoris.

00:15:14.190 --> 00:15:17.160 align:middle line:84%
It never seemed to fit
any logical theory.

00:15:17.160 --> 00:15:21.140 align:middle line:84%
After all, isn\'t sex supposed to
be all about reproduction?

00:15:21.140 --> 00:15:25.580 align:middle line:84%
Men, in this sense, are
biologically logical.

00:15:25.580 --> 00:15:27.850 align:middle line:90%
Sex is for having babies.

00:15:27.850 --> 00:15:30.280 align:middle line:84%
So women should logically
work the same way.

00:15:30.280 --> 00:15:32.510 align:middle line:90%
What do you think love?

00:15:32.510 --> 00:15:34.170 align:middle line:90%
I\'m not quite sure, dear.

00:15:34.170 --> 00:15:37.060 align:middle line:90%

00:15:37.060 --> 00:15:39.860 align:middle line:84%
But the clitoris was not
always neglected.

00:15:39.860 --> 00:15:42.790 align:middle line:84%
When science believed it helped
women\'s fertility, it

00:15:42.790 --> 00:15:45.060 align:middle line:90%
was conceded every virtue.

00:15:45.060 --> 00:15:48.170 align:middle line:84%
Hippocrates, the father of
medicine, believed that women

00:15:48.170 --> 00:15:51.440 align:middle line:84%
also had sperm, and that just
like men, they needed an

00:15:51.440 --> 00:15:54.200 align:middle line:90%
orgasm to produce it.

00:15:54.200 --> 00:15:55.870 align:middle line:84%
So if we want to have
children, she

00:15:55.870 --> 00:15:57.050 align:middle line:90%
has to have an orgasm?

00:15:57.050 --> 00:15:58.790 align:middle line:90%
Yes, that\'s right.

00:15:58.790 --> 00:16:00.400 align:middle line:90%
How do I do that?

00:16:00.400 --> 00:16:02.142 align:middle line:90%
Try the clitoris.

00:16:02.142 --> 00:16:03.750 align:middle line:90%
The what?

00:16:03.750 --> 00:16:06.670 align:middle line:90%
Come here.

00:16:06.670 --> 00:16:08.930 align:middle line:84%
This theory lasted
a long time.

00:16:08.930 --> 00:16:11.620 align:middle line:84%
During the Middle Ages, despite
the church\'s deep

00:16:11.620 --> 00:16:14.850 align:middle line:84%
distrust of pleasure, doctors
prescribed all kinds of

00:16:14.850 --> 00:16:16.100 align:middle line:90%
surprising treatments.

00:16:16.100 --> 00:16:19.970 align:middle line:90%

00:16:19.970 --> 00:16:22.970 align:middle line:84%
Coat your finger with scented
oil and rub the vulva in a

00:16:22.970 --> 00:16:25.190 align:middle line:90%
circular motion.

00:16:25.190 --> 00:16:27.250 align:middle line:90%
Hmm.

00:16:27.250 --> 00:16:29.750 align:middle line:84%
If we are to believe the authors
of the time, Boccaccio

00:16:29.750 --> 00:16:32.920 align:middle line:84%
and Chaucer, women\'s sexual
appetite was far

00:16:32.920 --> 00:16:34.220 align:middle line:90%
greater than men\'s.

00:16:34.220 --> 00:16:37.990 align:middle line:84%
From Rome to London, men were
rational and the women were,

00:16:37.990 --> 00:16:39.240 align:middle line:90%
well, lustful.

00:16:39.240 --> 00:16:45.360 align:middle line:90%

00:16:45.360 --> 00:16:46.930 align:middle line:90%
Science is so exciting.

00:16:46.930 --> 00:16:51.140 align:middle line:90%

00:16:51.140 --> 00:16:53.150 align:middle line:84%
But all good things
come to an end.

00:16:53.150 --> 00:16:55.820 align:middle line:84%
In 1868, van Beneden
explained how

00:16:55.820 --> 00:16:57.950 align:middle line:90%
reproduction really worked.

00:16:57.950 --> 00:17:00.880 align:middle line:84%
The clitoris was just
not necessary.

00:17:00.880 --> 00:17:03.260 align:middle line:84%
I declare the clitoris is
useless for procreation.

00:17:03.260 --> 00:17:05.970 align:middle line:90%

00:17:05.970 --> 00:17:07.800 align:middle line:84%
Darling, we already have
three children.

00:17:07.800 --> 00:17:09.170 align:middle line:90%
Yes, and so?

00:17:09.170 --> 00:17:11.756 align:middle line:84%
Well, we don\'t really
want any more do we?

00:17:11.756 --> 00:17:13.119 align:middle line:90%
No, I suppose not.

00:17:13.119 --> 00:17:15.839 align:middle line:84%
So maybe we should
stop having sex.

00:17:15.839 --> 00:17:19.280 align:middle line:84%
A few years later, Freud came
up with a new theory.

00:17:19.280 --> 00:17:22.160 align:middle line:84%
While he recognized the
importance of orgasm, he

00:17:22.160 --> 00:17:24.910 align:middle line:84%
claimed the clitoral orgasm
was infantile.

00:17:24.910 --> 00:17:28.520 align:middle line:84%
A real woman has to transfer her
orgasms from the clitoris

00:17:28.520 --> 00:17:29.590 align:middle line:90%
to the vagina.

00:17:29.590 --> 00:17:31.740 align:middle line:90%
And if I don\'t manage to?

00:17:31.740 --> 00:17:34.520 align:middle line:84%
Then you\'re immature, sexually
handicapped.

00:17:34.520 --> 00:17:37.780 align:middle line:84%
Oh, my God, I think
I need therapy.

00:17:37.780 --> 00:17:39.590 align:middle line:90%
Well, what day would suit you?

00:17:39.590 --> 00:17:44.670 align:middle line:84%
Only 30% of women have orgasms
during intercourse.

00:17:44.670 --> 00:17:50.020 align:middle line:84%
So and to suggest that the 70%
of women who do not have an

00:17:50.020 --> 00:17:54.340 align:middle line:84%
orgasm during intercourse are
somehow dysfunctional or

00:17:54.340 --> 00:17:59.680 align:middle line:84%
immature, that\'s not really
something that I would be

00:17:59.680 --> 00:18:01.880 align:middle line:90%
responsible for.

00:18:01.880 --> 00:18:04.850 align:middle line:84%
Why not just say that
intercourse is not a very

00:18:04.850 --> 00:18:08.610 align:middle line:84%
efficient means for women to
become sexually aroused.

00:18:08.610 --> 00:18:12.230 align:middle line:84%
Actually, the so-called vaginal
orgasm is just coming

00:18:12.230 --> 00:18:15.200 align:middle line:84%
at it from the back, but it\'s
still stimulating the same

00:18:15.200 --> 00:18:16.740 align:middle line:90%
clitoral bundle.

00:18:16.740 --> 00:18:21.330 align:middle line:84%
So be proud of it or not, but I
mean you\'re still ending up

00:18:21.330 --> 00:18:22.990 align:middle line:90%
using the same organ.

00:18:22.990 --> 00:18:26.540 align:middle line:84%
But it seems to be a pretty
universal experience that the

00:18:26.540 --> 00:18:29.970 align:middle line:84%
clitoris has to be involved in
orgasm or it doesn\'t occur.

00:18:29.970 --> 00:18:32.740 align:middle line:90%

00:18:32.740 --> 00:18:35.920 align:middle line:84%
If the vagina it is to
participate in that, it has to

00:18:35.920 --> 00:18:39.690 align:middle line:84%
be in some way associated with
clitoral stimulation, or

00:18:39.690 --> 00:18:41.480 align:middle line:90%
again, it doesn\'t occur.

00:18:41.480 --> 00:18:45.840 align:middle line:84%
So it can be with vaginal
penetration, but you can\'t

00:18:45.840 --> 00:18:49.570 align:middle line:84%
have just vaginal penetration
without any reference to the

00:18:49.570 --> 00:18:51.850 align:middle line:84%
clitoris and expect
orgasm to occur.

00:18:51.850 --> 00:18:55.520 align:middle line:84%
Although, it\'s clear from all
the images in the media that

00:18:55.520 --> 00:18:58.540 align:middle line:84%
if you see a movie, and you
see a couple having

00:18:58.540 --> 00:19:03.065 align:middle line:84%
intercourse, there\'s no
attention at all to activities

00:19:03.065 --> 00:19:05.650 align:middle line:84%
that are likely to promote
orgasm in the female.

00:19:05.650 --> 00:19:18.881 align:middle line:90%

00:19:18.881 --> 00:19:25.286 align:middle line:84%
The vagina has got very few
nerves in it, almost none.

00:19:25.286 --> 00:19:26.470 align:middle line:90%
It makes sense.

00:19:26.470 --> 00:19:28.660 align:middle line:84%
If you\'re going to have to
have a baby through the

00:19:28.660 --> 00:19:30.680 align:middle line:90%
vagina, it\'s bad enough.

00:19:30.680 --> 00:19:33.570 align:middle line:84%
But if you could imagine that
thing just being sensitive all

00:19:33.570 --> 00:19:35.970 align:middle line:84%
the way up and down, that would
be just unbelievable.

00:19:35.970 --> 00:19:41.240 align:middle line:84%
So it\'s made to be relatively
inert and not to have much

00:19:41.240 --> 00:19:43.810 align:middle line:90%
feeling in it.

00:19:43.810 --> 00:19:46.820 align:middle line:84%
When you get deep enough into
it, and if you press against

00:19:46.820 --> 00:19:50.450 align:middle line:84%
the sides of the walls upwards
or downwards, because some of

00:19:50.450 --> 00:19:54.520 align:middle line:84%
the same nerve bundles extend
down to the anus, too, you can

00:19:54.520 --> 00:19:55.950 align:middle line:90%
start to feel things.

00:19:55.950 --> 00:19:58.980 align:middle line:84%
But you\'re not feeling anything
directly in the

00:19:58.980 --> 00:20:00.775 align:middle line:90%
tissue of the vaginal walls.

00:20:00.775 --> 00:20:07.110 align:middle line:90%

00:20:07.110 --> 00:20:10.270 align:middle line:84%
During arousal, the vagina
engorges with blood producing

00:20:10.270 --> 00:20:12.550 align:middle line:84%
a fluid that lubricates
its walls.

00:20:12.550 --> 00:20:15.780 align:middle line:90%
It also grows in length.

00:20:15.780 --> 00:20:19.630 align:middle line:84%
The most sensitive area of the
vagina is located around its

00:20:19.630 --> 00:20:23.070 align:middle line:84%
opening and in its upper
wall right next to

00:20:23.070 --> 00:20:25.630 align:middle line:90%
the clitoral region.

00:20:25.630 --> 00:20:28.590 align:middle line:84%
Unsurprisingly, this is exactly
where some theories

00:20:28.590 --> 00:20:31.110 align:middle line:84%
locate the G spot, deep
under the wall

00:20:31.110 --> 00:20:33.860 align:middle line:90%
right next to the urethra.

00:20:33.860 --> 00:20:36.880 align:middle line:84%
But does the famous G spot
really exist at all?

00:20:36.880 --> 00:20:39.610 align:middle line:84%
If you look at [? Peeble\'s ?]
description or Grafenberg\'s

00:20:39.610 --> 00:20:42.290 align:middle line:84%
description of the G spot, which
is said to be in the

00:20:42.290 --> 00:20:45.340 align:middle line:84%
vaginal wall, there is nothing
that corresponds

00:20:45.340 --> 00:20:47.260 align:middle line:90%
anatomically to that.

00:20:47.260 --> 00:20:52.070 align:middle line:84%
Certainly, on either side of the
urethra in the vagina is

00:20:52.070 --> 00:20:53.800 align:middle line:84%
all this erectile
tissue, so it\'s

00:20:53.800 --> 00:20:55.830 align:middle line:90%
likely to be quite sensitive.

00:20:55.830 --> 00:20:59.655 align:middle line:84%
Whether there\'s a spot as such,
it doesn\'t look like it

00:20:59.655 --> 00:21:00.905 align:middle line:90%
in the dissection room.

00:21:00.905 --> 00:21:04.180 align:middle line:90%

00:21:04.180 --> 00:21:05.430 align:middle line:90%
No way.

00:21:05.430 --> 00:21:08.565 align:middle line:90%

00:21:08.565 --> 00:21:12.110 align:middle line:84%
Some people have argued that
it is a distinct bundle up

00:21:12.110 --> 00:21:15.620 align:middle line:84%
there that is capable of having
orgasm without any

00:21:15.620 --> 00:21:17.430 align:middle line:90%
clitoral involvement.

00:21:17.430 --> 00:21:20.580 align:middle line:84%
Now one of the reasons
why I\'m so skeptical?

00:21:20.580 --> 00:21:23.950 align:middle line:84%
Because of, in fact, talking
to enough people in the

00:21:23.950 --> 00:21:27.970 align:middle line:84%
intersex community who have had
their genitals surgically

00:21:27.970 --> 00:21:32.020 align:middle line:84%
modified, if they lose
their clitoris, they

00:21:32.020 --> 00:21:33.600 align:middle line:90%
cannot have an orgasm.

00:21:33.600 --> 00:21:35.340 align:middle line:90%
They try everything.

00:21:35.340 --> 00:21:38.980 align:middle line:84%
They try going at everything
that\'s left inside, but once

00:21:38.980 --> 00:21:44.680 align:middle line:84%
that bundle seems to be
gone, they\'re stuck.

00:21:44.680 --> 00:21:47.540 align:middle line:84%
It tempting to believe that the
clitoris has been a victim

00:21:47.540 --> 00:21:51.010 align:middle line:84%
of sexual discrimination, and
that morality has often

00:21:51.010 --> 00:21:52.890 align:middle line:84%
obscured scientific
objectivity.

00:21:52.890 --> 00:21:55.570 align:middle line:90%

00:21:55.570 --> 00:21:58.480 align:middle line:84%
In the Christian tradition,
pleasures of the flesh led to

00:21:58.480 --> 00:22:01.250 align:middle line:84%
damnation and women,
in particular, were

00:22:01.250 --> 00:22:03.170 align:middle line:90%
attracted to them.

00:22:03.170 --> 00:22:06.440 align:middle line:84%
Nature has lodged a beast inside
their private parts, an

00:22:06.440 --> 00:22:09.480 align:middle line:84%
organ that men don\'t have,
observed [INAUDIBLE], the

00:22:09.480 --> 00:22:12.220 align:middle line:90%
Renaissance writer and doctor.

00:22:12.220 --> 00:22:15.900 align:middle line:84%
At the time of witch hunts, a
large clitoris was often taken

00:22:15.900 --> 00:22:17.700 align:middle line:90%
for the mark of the devil.

00:22:17.700 --> 00:22:20.940 align:middle line:84%
But science finally swept away
beasts and demons only to

00:22:20.940 --> 00:22:24.480 align:middle line:84%
replace them with illness
and deviance.

00:22:24.480 --> 00:22:27.620 align:middle line:84%
In the 19th century, lesbianism
and nymphomania

00:22:27.620 --> 00:22:30.020 align:middle line:84%
were considered to be
serious diseases.

00:22:30.020 --> 00:22:32.320 align:middle line:84%
It was thought that masturbation
was responsible

00:22:32.320 --> 00:22:36.180 align:middle line:84%
for jaundice, blindness, and
even premature death.

00:22:36.180 --> 00:22:39.060 align:middle line:84%
Doctors seriously believed
that sexual passion could

00:22:39.060 --> 00:22:42.310 align:middle line:84%
destroy mental balance
in women.

00:22:42.310 --> 00:22:44.740 align:middle line:84%
Anxious to find the origin
of such ailments,

00:22:44.740 --> 00:22:48.510 align:middle line:90%
they blamed the clitoris.

00:22:48.510 --> 00:22:52.426 align:middle line:84%
In 1865, the president of the
British Medical Society, Dr.

00:22:52.426 --> 00:22:55.530 align:middle line:84%
Baker Brown, claimed that
stimulation of the clitoris

00:22:55.530 --> 00:22:58.120 align:middle line:84%
was the cause of hysteria,
epilepsy, and

00:22:58.120 --> 00:22:59.770 align:middle line:90%
other forms of madness.

00:22:59.770 --> 00:23:02.900 align:middle line:84%
The treatment he prescribes
was radical.

00:23:02.900 --> 00:23:05.276 align:middle line:84%
My dear child, we\'re going
to remove your clitoris.

00:23:05.276 --> 00:23:06.930 align:middle line:84%
It will do you a
world of good.

00:23:06.930 --> 00:23:10.120 align:middle line:90%

00:23:10.120 --> 00:23:11.760 align:middle line:90%
Do you agree, madam?

00:23:11.760 --> 00:23:13.955 align:middle line:90%
I trust you completely doctor.

00:23:13.955 --> 00:23:15.940 align:middle line:90%
That is very sensible.

00:23:15.940 --> 00:23:19.370 align:middle line:90%
Madness is a terrible thing.

00:23:19.370 --> 00:23:22.500 align:middle line:84%
Dr. Baker Brown\'s practices were
challenged by his peers,

00:23:22.500 --> 00:23:24.940 align:middle line:84%
and he was finally
forced to resign.

00:23:24.940 --> 00:23:28.240 align:middle line:84%
Unfortunately, his method didn\'t
disappear and hundreds

00:23:28.240 --> 00:23:30.830 align:middle line:84%
of women were mutilated for
similar reasons right

00:23:30.830 --> 00:23:39.760 align:middle line:90%
up until the 1920s.

00:23:39.760 --> 00:23:43.770 align:middle line:84%
One in 2,000 baby girls are born
with an enlarged clitoris

00:23:43.770 --> 00:23:45.860 align:middle line:90%
due to hormonal imbalance.

00:23:45.860 --> 00:23:49.070 align:middle line:84%
In Great Britain, as in America,
doctors may recommend

00:23:49.070 --> 00:23:51.040 align:middle line:90%
a partial clitorectomy.

00:23:51.040 --> 00:23:53.350 align:middle line:90%
Melissa Cull is now 34.

00:23:53.350 --> 00:23:56.890 align:middle line:84%
She was excised at
the age of four.

00:23:56.890 --> 00:23:59.370 align:middle line:84%
When I was young, there was
nobody to talk to, not the

00:23:59.370 --> 00:24:01.880 align:middle line:84%
doctors, teachers
or my friends.

00:24:01.880 --> 00:24:04.990 align:middle line:84%
I was too frightened to talk to
them in case they thought I

00:24:04.990 --> 00:24:09.760 align:middle line:84%
was different, and sort
of were nasty to me.

00:24:09.760 --> 00:24:12.440 align:middle line:84%
We didn\'t talk in the
family much either.

00:24:12.440 --> 00:24:15.130 align:middle line:84%
So it was difficult growing
up not knowing what was

00:24:15.130 --> 00:24:18.810 align:middle line:84%
happening, knowing there was
something not quite right,

00:24:18.810 --> 00:24:21.330 align:middle line:84%
something about me that
was different.

00:24:21.330 --> 00:24:23.070 align:middle line:84%
And I didn\'t know what
it was, and I could

00:24:23.070 --> 00:24:24.320 align:middle line:90%
never find an answer.

00:24:24.320 --> 00:24:28.140 align:middle line:90%

00:24:28.140 --> 00:24:31.990 align:middle line:84%
When I was born, and I had
ambiguous genitalia.

00:24:31.990 --> 00:24:35.140 align:middle line:84%
My clitoris was enlarged, my
labia was fused, so you

00:24:35.140 --> 00:24:37.000 align:middle line:84%
couldn\'t see the opening
to the vagina.

00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:40.500 align:middle line:84%
I looked slightly male
or ambiguous.

00:24:40.500 --> 00:24:44.270 align:middle line:84%
The tests came back from the
doctors showing my chromosomes

00:24:44.270 --> 00:24:49.296 align:middle line:84%
were xx female, and the ovaries
and womb were there.

00:24:49.296 --> 00:24:52.260 align:middle line:84%
And because of the enlarged
clitoris, and the problems

00:24:52.260 --> 00:24:57.360 align:middle line:84%
appear which you would have
with menstruation periods,

00:24:57.360 --> 00:25:01.630 align:middle line:84%
they decided to do surgery
early, and also for acceptance

00:25:01.630 --> 00:25:06.590 align:middle line:84%
by the family that I
was a little girl.

00:25:06.590 --> 00:25:11.050 align:middle line:84%
A clitorectomy was performed,
which is total removal of the

00:25:11.050 --> 00:25:14.200 align:middle line:84%
external parts of the clitoris,
the glands, the

00:25:14.200 --> 00:25:17.750 align:middle line:84%
nerves and some of the erectile
tissue, which was

00:25:17.750 --> 00:25:21.030 align:middle line:84%
making me look ambiguous,
neither male nor female.

00:25:21.030 --> 00:25:23.800 align:middle line:90%

00:25:23.800 --> 00:25:28.760 align:middle line:84%
This was to make me look more
female, which I was female,

00:25:28.760 --> 00:25:32.450 align:middle line:84%
but to actually make me fit in
society, it was just totally

00:25:32.450 --> 00:25:35.740 align:middle line:84%
cosmetic, not functional
or anything, and

00:25:35.740 --> 00:25:37.970 align:middle line:90%
not a medical necessity.

00:25:37.970 --> 00:25:40.790 align:middle line:84%
Prior to the surgery, I had
no pain whatsoever.

00:25:40.790 --> 00:25:42.460 align:middle line:84%
The enlarged clitoris
didn\'t bother me.

00:25:42.460 --> 00:25:48.770 align:middle line:84%
It wasn\'t that bad, and it
wasn\'t that noticeable.

00:25:48.770 --> 00:25:55.570 align:middle line:84%
And afterwards, the pain was
horrendous, lots of scarring,

00:25:55.570 --> 00:25:58.130 align:middle line:84%
I still couldn\'t get an answer
at the doctors what had been

00:25:58.130 --> 00:26:01.120 align:middle line:84%
done to me, other than you
don\'t need to know until

00:26:01.120 --> 00:26:02.370 align:middle line:90%
you\'re older.

00:26:02.370 --> 00:26:15.860 align:middle line:90%

00:26:15.860 --> 00:26:18.925 align:middle line:84%
I didn\'t choose to have
my clitoris removed.

00:26:18.925 --> 00:26:22.415 align:middle line:84%
It\'s caused me a lot of
grief, a lot of pain

00:26:22.415 --> 00:26:25.540 align:middle line:90%
and emotional upset.

00:26:25.540 --> 00:26:28.200 align:middle line:84%
And I would like put
back what was

00:26:28.200 --> 00:26:29.460 align:middle line:90%
removed without my consent.

00:26:29.460 --> 00:26:37.100 align:middle line:90%

00:26:37.100 --> 00:26:40.810 align:middle line:84%
It\'s had quite an impact on my
life, finding somebody to

00:26:40.810 --> 00:26:44.740 align:middle line:84%
accept me having had
the surgery.

00:26:44.740 --> 00:26:48.750 align:middle line:84%
The pain caused through sexual
intercourse is quite

00:26:48.750 --> 00:26:49.930 align:middle line:90%
horrendous.

00:26:49.930 --> 00:26:53.510 align:middle line:84%
When I was in a relationship,
I used to either take

00:26:53.510 --> 00:26:57.110 align:middle line:84%
painkillers, and so
I didn\'t feel a

00:26:57.110 --> 00:27:00.000 align:middle line:90%
thing, pleasure or otherwise.

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:05.010 align:middle line:84%
I would say I got 95%
pain to 5% pleasure.

00:27:05.010 --> 00:27:12.920 align:middle line:90%

00:27:12.920 --> 00:27:16.430 align:middle line:84%
We do a lot of work with the
doctors to improve treatment,

00:27:16.430 --> 00:27:26.160 align:middle line:84%
raise awareness, and to help
educate society, in general.

00:27:26.160 --> 00:27:29.060 align:middle line:84%
We\'ve done a lot of work with
the Department of Health, and

00:27:29.060 --> 00:27:32.180 align:middle line:84%
we\'ve also written to the Human
Rights Commission to

00:27:32.180 --> 00:27:37.080 align:middle line:84%
outline what we think is an
abuse of human rights, like,

00:27:37.080 --> 00:27:40.990 align:middle line:84%
to do surgery on a child that\'s
cosmetic, without the

00:27:40.990 --> 00:27:44.390 align:middle line:84%
child\'s consent, which will
affect their whole future for

00:27:44.390 --> 00:27:47.890 align:middle line:84%
relationships and their
outlook on life.

00:27:47.890 --> 00:28:01.950 align:middle line:90%

00:28:01.950 --> 00:28:10.220 align:middle line:84%
About one in 2,000 births,
which is quite a few, is

00:28:10.220 --> 00:28:12.340 align:middle line:90%
considered genital anomaly.

00:28:12.340 --> 00:28:16.890 align:middle line:84%
You can\'t tell immediately
whether it\'s male or female so

00:28:16.890 --> 00:28:20.030 align:middle line:84%
there\'s quite a variety
of conditions.

00:28:20.030 --> 00:28:25.030 align:middle line:84%
The penis and clitoris arise
from the same genital ridge on

00:28:25.030 --> 00:28:26.275 align:middle line:90%
the fetus during development.

00:28:26.275 --> 00:28:29.930 align:middle line:84%
It all starts out as exactly
the same tissue.

00:28:29.930 --> 00:28:34.040 align:middle line:84%
And so what becomes the penis
and the shaft in a boy,

00:28:34.040 --> 00:28:36.140 align:middle line:84%
becomes the clitoris
in a girl.

00:28:36.140 --> 00:28:38.280 align:middle line:84%
So it is structurally
very similar.

00:28:38.280 --> 00:28:41.440 align:middle line:84%
And the fetus while it\'s
developing is by potential, it

00:28:41.440 --> 00:28:43.050 align:middle line:90%
could go male or female.

00:28:43.050 --> 00:28:47.450 align:middle line:84%
And it starts to grow all the
structures of both sexes, and

00:28:47.450 --> 00:28:50.560 align:middle line:84%
then at some point during
development, there are certain

00:28:50.560 --> 00:28:54.440 align:middle line:84%
hormones and different factors
that cause the other sexes to,

00:28:54.440 --> 00:28:56.050 align:middle line:90%
basically, wither away.

00:28:56.050 --> 00:28:58.100 align:middle line:84%
And then you\'re left
with either

00:28:58.100 --> 00:28:59.350 align:middle line:90%
male or female genitals.

00:28:59.350 --> 00:29:35.100 align:middle line:90%

00:29:35.100 --> 00:29:39.310 align:middle line:84%
Girls have these very powerful
sexual feelings that are just

00:29:39.310 --> 00:29:43.760 align:middle line:84%
like, whoa, swelling up
from every direction.

00:29:43.760 --> 00:29:46.340 align:middle line:84%
And they want to do things,
and maybe they think they

00:29:46.340 --> 00:29:48.480 align:middle line:84%
shouldn\'t for any number
of reasons.

00:29:48.480 --> 00:29:52.190 align:middle line:84%
But they have them, these very
strong urges, so it\'s not just

00:29:52.190 --> 00:29:55.170 align:middle line:84%
that they\'re getting pushed
into it by the boyfriend.

00:29:55.170 --> 00:29:56.380 align:middle line:90%
And that\'s not acknowledged.

00:29:56.380 --> 00:29:58.930 align:middle line:84%
So then the girl says, oh
well, I must be, there\'s

00:29:58.930 --> 00:30:02.330 align:middle line:84%
something wrong with me, or
I don\'t know, I\'m a slut.

00:30:02.330 --> 00:30:05.340 align:middle line:84%
And, of course, there is that
pressure on girls to not

00:30:05.340 --> 00:30:06.510 align:middle line:90%
become a slut.

00:30:06.510 --> 00:30:11.620 align:middle line:84%
So that seems to be a very
persistent kind of problem.

00:30:11.620 --> 00:30:13.720 align:middle line:84%
So how do you get a girl
to get past that?

00:30:13.720 --> 00:30:16.960 align:middle line:84%
How you get a girl to
acknowledge her sexuality

00:30:16.960 --> 00:30:20.280 align:middle line:84%
without going out and screwing
around too much, and doing

00:30:20.280 --> 00:30:21.740 align:middle line:84%
things that might
be dangerous?

00:30:21.740 --> 00:30:24.400 align:middle line:84%
But there is still that belief
somehow that if we teach young

00:30:24.400 --> 00:30:26.440 align:middle line:84%
people about sex, they\'ll
rush off and do it.

00:30:26.440 --> 00:30:30.100 align:middle line:84%
All the research that we have
shows the opposite be true.

00:30:30.100 --> 00:30:32.770 align:middle line:84%
The more young people know about
sex and their bodies,

00:30:32.770 --> 00:30:35.530 align:middle line:84%
the more they\'re encouraged to
explore how to communicate

00:30:35.530 --> 00:30:38.400 align:middle line:84%
their wishes, and how to say no
to sex they don\'t want, the

00:30:38.400 --> 00:30:41.440 align:middle line:84%
more confident they\'ll be to
take control of their lives to

00:30:41.440 --> 00:30:44.300 align:middle line:84%
say no to sex until they\'re
ready for it.

00:30:44.300 --> 00:30:46.180 align:middle line:90%
Sex is everywhere.

00:30:46.180 --> 00:30:50.200 align:middle line:84%
Rather than deny it, Jo Adams, a
counselor in Sheffield talks

00:30:50.200 --> 00:30:53.480 align:middle line:84%
to teenagers about pleasure
without taboos.

00:30:53.480 --> 00:30:56.605 align:middle line:84%
Some British newspapers even
called her the evangelist of

00:30:56.605 --> 00:30:59.770 align:middle line:90%
the clitoris.

00:30:59.770 --> 00:31:02.980 align:middle line:84%
One of the major challenges
around sex and relationship

00:31:02.980 --> 00:31:06.950 align:middle line:84%
education these days, is how to
bring in some of the taboo

00:31:06.950 --> 00:31:09.900 align:middle line:84%
subjects, what have been
historically seen as the

00:31:09.900 --> 00:31:11.760 align:middle line:90%
things we don\'t mention.

00:31:11.760 --> 00:31:14.680 align:middle line:84%
Interestingly, I\'d say some
of those are things like

00:31:14.680 --> 00:31:19.590 align:middle line:84%
masturbation, abortion,
homosexuality, gay sexuality,

00:31:19.590 --> 00:31:24.880 align:middle line:84%
but also around pleasure, and
around the clitoris, and

00:31:24.880 --> 00:31:26.440 align:middle line:90%
around our bodies.

00:31:26.440 --> 00:31:30.150 align:middle line:84%
Much of sex education still
focuses on reproduction.

00:31:30.150 --> 00:31:34.610 align:middle line:84%
It\'s still focuses on sex as
though it\'s only about getting

00:31:34.610 --> 00:31:36.480 align:middle line:90%
pregnant and having babies.

00:31:36.480 --> 00:31:39.160 align:middle line:84%
There was some interesting
research done about three

00:31:39.160 --> 00:31:43.390 align:middle line:84%
years ago, which showed that
out of the 15 major sex

00:31:43.390 --> 00:31:45.850 align:middle line:84%
education textbooks
in Britain, 10

00:31:45.850 --> 00:31:47.530 align:middle line:90%
don\'t mention the clitoris.

00:31:47.530 --> 00:31:51.650 align:middle line:84%
And 10, I imagine the same 10,
don\'t mention women\'s orgasm.

00:31:51.650 --> 00:31:52.860 align:middle line:84%
This is one of those things I\'ve
never actually compared

00:31:52.860 --> 00:31:53.440 align:middle line:90%
with anyone else.

00:31:53.440 --> 00:31:54.760 align:middle line:90%
So I don\'t actually know.

00:31:54.760 --> 00:31:57.530 align:middle line:84%
The clitoris is a small nub
of nerve endings, right?

00:31:57.530 --> 00:31:59.090 align:middle line:84%
That\'s why it\'s scientific,
because it\'s

00:31:59.090 --> 00:31:59.810 align:middle line:90%
nerve endings and stuff.

00:31:59.810 --> 00:32:01.550 align:middle line:90%
And it\'s like--

00:32:01.550 --> 00:32:03.060 align:middle line:90%
How big is it?

00:32:03.060 --> 00:32:03.780 align:middle line:90%
Oh, I don\'t know.

00:32:03.780 --> 00:32:05.230 align:middle line:84%
But the head of it
is like that big.

00:32:05.230 --> 00:32:07.680 align:middle line:84%
About, like, an inch
and a half?

00:32:07.680 --> 00:32:09.470 align:middle line:90%
[INAUDIBLE]

00:32:09.470 --> 00:32:11.440 align:middle line:90%
Yeah.

00:32:11.440 --> 00:32:12.970 align:middle line:84%
And guys, they just pay
attention to the

00:32:12.970 --> 00:32:14.731 align:middle line:90%
bit they can see.

00:32:14.731 --> 00:32:16.890 align:middle line:90%
Or depending on the guy.

00:32:16.890 --> 00:32:18.215 align:middle line:90%
Yeah, true,

00:32:18.215 --> 00:32:22.080 align:middle line:84%
It\'s not part of reproduction
then?

00:32:22.080 --> 00:32:24.375 align:middle line:90%
We won\'t get taught that.

00:32:24.375 --> 00:32:25.950 align:middle line:84%
We don\'t really have, like,
pleasure lessons, have we,

00:32:25.950 --> 00:32:27.360 align:middle line:84%
like, this is how
you whatever.

00:32:27.360 --> 00:32:31.130 align:middle line:84%
And most guys wouldn\'t have
a clue anyway at our age.

00:32:31.130 --> 00:32:33.734 align:middle line:90%
Ask a guy what is a clitoris.

00:32:33.734 --> 00:32:36.120 align:middle line:84%
You get taught about the heart
and liver and stuff.

00:32:36.120 --> 00:32:38.770 align:middle line:84%
And a clitoris is just important
to a healthy, sexual

00:32:38.770 --> 00:32:41.980 align:middle line:84%
woman, God, why aren\'t
we taught?

00:32:41.980 --> 00:32:44.790 align:middle line:84%
I was working with one of my
team who\'s a community worker

00:32:44.790 --> 00:32:47.830 align:middle line:84%
with young people some years
ago, and she was training some

00:32:47.830 --> 00:32:49.290 align:middle line:90%
girls as peer educators.

00:32:49.290 --> 00:32:51.570 align:middle line:84%
And she\'d been running a session
on sensuality and

00:32:51.570 --> 00:32:55.430 align:middle line:84%
knowing our bodies, and thinking
about sex that didn\'t

00:32:55.430 --> 00:32:57.490 align:middle line:90%
require intercourse.

00:32:57.490 --> 00:33:00.020 align:middle line:84%
And that evening, it was a
residential course, and she

00:33:00.020 --> 00:33:04.890 align:middle line:84%
heard one of the girls on her
phone to her boyfriend saying,

00:33:04.890 --> 00:33:07.810 align:middle line:84%
\"Ian, Tracey says I\'ve got a
clitoris, and she says you\'ve

00:33:07.810 --> 00:33:10.440 align:middle line:90%
got to rub it\".

00:33:10.440 --> 00:33:11.995 align:middle line:84%
And Tracy thought, well,
I don\'t think I

00:33:11.995 --> 00:33:12.860 align:middle line:90%
said he\'s got to.

00:33:12.860 --> 00:33:15.540 align:middle line:84%
But was actually quite
encouraged that what the girls

00:33:15.540 --> 00:33:18.567 align:middle line:84%
were getting was a message that
they did have parts of

00:33:18.567 --> 00:33:20.340 align:middle line:84%
their bodies that were
about pleasure.

00:33:20.340 --> 00:33:22.600 align:middle line:84%
And their boyfriends, actually,
ought to be paying

00:33:22.600 --> 00:33:25.350 align:middle line:84%
attention to those parts
rather than constantly

00:33:25.350 --> 00:33:27.950 align:middle line:84%
pressing for intercourse, which
was probably not going

00:33:27.950 --> 00:33:29.780 align:middle line:84%
to be as pleasurable,
and certainly not

00:33:29.780 --> 00:33:31.052 align:middle line:90%
going to be as safe.

00:33:31.052 --> 00:33:59.140 align:middle line:90%

00:33:59.140 --> 00:34:05.470 align:middle line:84%
I feel this generation is a lot
more able to talk about it

00:34:05.470 --> 00:34:07.880 align:middle line:84%
and willing to talk about it,
because it\'s obviously

00:34:07.880 --> 00:34:08.530 align:middle line:90%
everywhere.

00:34:08.530 --> 00:34:11.420 align:middle line:84%
As I was saying, the
advertisements, TV, like

00:34:11.420 --> 00:34:12.610 align:middle line:90%
everyone\'s talking about it.

00:34:12.610 --> 00:34:13.679 align:middle line:90%
It\'s the word on the street.

00:34:13.679 --> 00:34:16.440 align:middle line:84%
You\'re having sex, you got this
and this, so if you don\'t

00:34:16.440 --> 00:34:18.820 align:middle line:84%
talk about it, then it\'s going
to be even more teenage

00:34:18.820 --> 00:34:21.080 align:middle line:84%
pregnancies, which is not
what you really want.

00:34:21.080 --> 00:34:23.239 align:middle line:84%
Sometimes people get pressure
from the boyfriends and stuff.

00:34:23.239 --> 00:34:24.110 align:middle line:90%
Obviously, all the girlfriends,

00:34:24.110 --> 00:34:25.482 align:middle line:90%
oh yeah, we\'re together.

00:34:25.482 --> 00:34:28.036 align:middle line:84%
I want to have sex with you,
so you\'re going to have sex

00:34:28.036 --> 00:34:29.120 align:middle line:90%
with me, like, now.

00:34:29.120 --> 00:34:31.870 align:middle line:84%
And that\'s obviously pressure
that\'s uncomfortableness and,

00:34:31.870 --> 00:34:34.520 align:middle line:84%
again, making you feel on
edge, oh, I have to.

00:34:34.520 --> 00:34:37.570 align:middle line:84%
This is what everybody else is
doing so I have to do it,

00:34:37.570 --> 00:34:40.170 align:middle line:84%
because he or she
said I have to.

00:34:40.170 --> 00:34:45.280 align:middle line:84%
The first time I had sex, I told
my mom, and she\'s like,

00:34:45.280 --> 00:34:46.104 align:middle line:90%
oh, did you use contraception.

00:34:46.104 --> 00:34:47.820 align:middle line:84%
I was like, yeah, of
course, I did.

00:34:47.820 --> 00:34:49.120 align:middle line:84%
And she\'s like, oh,
did you enjoy it?

00:34:49.120 --> 00:34:50.300 align:middle line:84%
I was like, yeah, of
course, I did.

00:34:50.300 --> 00:34:52.219 align:middle line:84%
Because it was my boyfriend and
I\'ve been with him about

00:34:52.219 --> 00:34:53.270 align:middle line:90%
seven months.

00:34:53.270 --> 00:34:55.550 align:middle line:84%
And we both felt ready
and things.

00:34:55.550 --> 00:34:57.163 align:middle line:84%
And I told her, and she
was, like, oh, I\'m

00:34:57.163 --> 00:34:57.499 align:middle line:90%
very proud of you.

00:34:57.499 --> 00:34:57.920 align:middle line:90%
Well done.

00:34:57.920 --> 00:34:58.330 align:middle line:90%
Thanks.

00:34:58.330 --> 00:35:00.480 align:middle line:84%
I\'m glad you did it for good
reasons, and that you loved

00:35:00.480 --> 00:35:03.100 align:middle line:84%
him, not because you felt
pressured, or because you felt

00:35:03.100 --> 00:35:05.445 align:middle line:84%
you had to, because you will
get into 16 and that\'s the

00:35:05.445 --> 00:35:07.142 align:middle line:84%
thing that all 16-year-olds
do.

00:35:07.142 --> 00:35:08.555 align:middle line:90%
Here, mom.

00:35:08.555 --> 00:35:10.060 align:middle line:90%
Thanks.

00:35:10.060 --> 00:35:12.582 align:middle line:90%
Coffee.

00:35:12.582 --> 00:35:16.030 align:middle line:84%
I had a right good PHSE
lesson today.

00:35:16.030 --> 00:35:16.735 align:middle line:90%
Did you?

00:35:16.735 --> 00:35:17.170 align:middle line:90%
Yeah.

00:35:17.170 --> 00:35:18.150 align:middle line:90%
What was that about?

00:35:18.150 --> 00:35:20.830 align:middle line:84%
Well, it was like how
you first learn

00:35:20.830 --> 00:35:21.807 align:middle line:90%
about sex and stuff.

00:35:21.807 --> 00:35:23.120 align:middle line:90%
Oh, yeah.

00:35:23.120 --> 00:35:24.980 align:middle line:84%
It was quite funny,
like good little

00:35:24.980 --> 00:35:26.800 align:middle line:90%
stories being told, actually.

00:35:26.800 --> 00:35:28.170 align:middle line:90%
I was going to ask you.

00:35:28.170 --> 00:35:33.150 align:middle line:84%
How did you, like, how were you
told about sex and stuff?

00:35:33.150 --> 00:35:34.220 align:middle line:90%
Just like PHSE at school.

00:35:34.220 --> 00:35:35.940 align:middle line:90%
Oh, we didn\'t have PHSE.

00:35:35.940 --> 00:35:39.820 align:middle line:84%
I think we had the nurse come
around with a doll with a

00:35:39.820 --> 00:35:44.300 align:middle line:84%
nappie on and a sanitary
towel.

00:35:44.300 --> 00:35:46.930 align:middle line:90%
And I think that was about it.

00:35:46.930 --> 00:35:48.390 align:middle line:90%
Not got told very much.

00:35:48.390 --> 00:35:50.240 align:middle line:84%
How is that going to teach
you about sex, though?

00:35:50.240 --> 00:35:52.870 align:middle line:84%
Well, they didn\'t in those
days, they didn\'t.

00:35:52.870 --> 00:35:55.150 align:middle line:90%
It was all a bit hush-hush.

00:35:55.150 --> 00:35:57.066 align:middle line:84%
Did your mum talk
to you about it?

00:35:57.066 --> 00:35:58.500 align:middle line:90%
A little bit.

00:35:58.500 --> 00:36:01.440 align:middle line:84%
A little bit, but it still
wasn\'t talked about

00:36:01.440 --> 00:36:01.670 align:middle line:90%
[INAUDIBLE].

00:36:01.670 --> 00:36:04.650 align:middle line:84%
Did they not, like, tell you
about, like that it was for

00:36:04.650 --> 00:36:07.460 align:middle line:84%
pleasure, and how did you find
out about sex and stuff?

00:36:07.460 --> 00:36:10.090 align:middle line:84%
Well, attitudes have changed
haven\'t they over

00:36:10.090 --> 00:36:11.360 align:middle line:90%
the decades I suppose.

00:36:11.360 --> 00:36:14.330 align:middle line:84%
Attitudes toward sexuality\'s
changed.

00:36:14.330 --> 00:36:15.720 align:middle line:90%
Hmm.

00:36:15.720 --> 00:36:20.240 align:middle line:84%
I had a very loving boyfriend
at 15, though.

00:36:20.240 --> 00:36:21.410 align:middle line:84%
I don\'t want to know, I
don\'t want to know.

00:36:21.410 --> 00:36:22.500 align:middle line:84%
But thank you for
the information,

00:36:22.500 --> 00:36:23.500 align:middle line:90%
thank you very much.

00:36:23.500 --> 00:36:25.730 align:middle line:90%
No, no, no.

00:36:25.730 --> 00:36:26.980 align:middle line:90%
Parents don\'t have sex.

00:36:26.980 --> 00:36:43.522 align:middle line:90%

00:36:43.522 --> 00:36:44.959 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

00:36:44.959 --> 00:37:16.030 align:middle line:90%

00:37:16.030 --> 00:37:20.520 align:middle line:84%
I think that there\'s definitely
more important

00:37:20.520 --> 00:37:23.470 align:middle line:90%
things to your life than sex.

00:37:23.470 --> 00:37:25.410 align:middle line:84%
Having sex, for me,
is important.

00:37:25.410 --> 00:37:26.530 align:middle line:84%
It\'s like, oh, you\'re having
sex, it\'s like

00:37:26.530 --> 00:37:27.580 align:middle line:90%
you\'re part of my life.

00:37:27.580 --> 00:37:31.540 align:middle line:84%
But it\'s just a nice way
to share things with my

00:37:31.540 --> 00:37:32.275 align:middle line:90%
boyfriend and stuff.

00:37:32.275 --> 00:37:35.500 align:middle line:84%
It\'s a nice way to feel close
to him, and feel comfortable

00:37:35.500 --> 00:37:37.420 align:middle line:84%
with him, and share things,
obviously, pleasure.

00:37:37.420 --> 00:37:39.500 align:middle line:84%
That\'s what you\'re
there to do.

00:37:39.500 --> 00:37:42.200 align:middle line:84%
And it\'s just a nice way
to feel loved and

00:37:42.200 --> 00:37:43.040 align:middle line:90%
feel close to someone.

00:37:43.040 --> 00:37:47.560 align:middle line:84%
In a relationship, I think,
it tends to make it more

00:37:47.560 --> 00:37:49.190 align:middle line:84%
successful as long as
you both want it.

00:37:49.190 --> 00:37:53.040 align:middle line:84%
Because my last relationship, it
was purely based on, like,

00:37:53.040 --> 00:37:55.630 align:middle line:84%
it was getting on really well,
and just having a good time

00:37:55.630 --> 00:37:56.900 align:middle line:90%
and holding hands and stuff.

00:37:56.900 --> 00:38:00.930 align:middle line:84%
And it was good, but we broke
up, because we just felt like

00:38:00.930 --> 00:38:02.480 align:middle line:84%
we were more friends,
rather than

00:38:02.480 --> 00:38:03.260 align:middle line:90%
sexual partners or whatever.

00:38:03.260 --> 00:38:06.070 align:middle line:84%
Whereas the new relationship,
we\'ve got all of that

00:38:06.070 --> 00:38:08.413 align:middle line:84%
together, and it makes a much
stronger foundation.

00:38:08.413 --> 00:38:11.170 align:middle line:90%

00:38:11.170 --> 00:38:14.450 align:middle line:84%
Too often we just assume that
girls have girl power.

00:38:14.450 --> 00:38:17.070 align:middle line:84%
That girl power is absolutely
spurious.

00:38:17.070 --> 00:38:20.790 align:middle line:84%
It\'s paper thin and underneath
it is still the same level of

00:38:20.790 --> 00:38:24.270 align:middle line:84%
powerlessness, still the same
level of not being in control

00:38:24.270 --> 00:38:25.930 align:middle line:90%
of their decisions and needs.

00:38:25.930 --> 00:38:28.330 align:middle line:84%
I think we should be reclaiming
feminism in girls\'

00:38:28.330 --> 00:38:30.035 align:middle line:84%
lives, and a notion
that girls do have

00:38:30.035 --> 00:38:31.960 align:middle line:90%
rights to make choices.

00:38:31.960 --> 00:38:34.060 align:middle line:84%
And that girls do have a rights
to say no to behaving

00:38:34.060 --> 00:38:36.940 align:middle line:84%
and being in certain ways that
are being expected of them.

00:38:36.940 --> 00:38:38.790 align:middle line:84%
And one thing that girls have
the right to do is put their

00:38:38.790 --> 00:38:41.560 align:middle line:84%
own pleasure at the center of
their lives, as well as

00:38:41.560 --> 00:38:43.820 align:middle line:84%
responsibility for other
people, too.

00:38:43.820 --> 00:38:46.380 align:middle line:84%
I\'m not saying they don\'t have
responsibilities to others,

00:38:46.380 --> 00:38:49.110 align:middle line:84%
but they need to be claiming
back a bit more of their

00:38:49.110 --> 00:38:50.360 align:middle line:90%
rights to pleasure.

00:38:50.360 --> 00:38:54.280 align:middle line:90%

00:38:54.280 --> 00:38:56.330 align:middle line:84%
There\'s so much more
you can learn.

00:38:56.330 --> 00:38:58.720 align:middle line:84%
You\'re, obviously, the first
time, just testing the water,

00:38:58.720 --> 00:39:00.580 align:middle line:84%
and after that, you can
just do anything.

00:39:00.580 --> 00:39:02.240 align:middle line:90%
You can expand a lot.

00:39:02.240 --> 00:39:06.140 align:middle line:84%
And the only way to be a good
lover is by talking to your

00:39:06.140 --> 00:39:08.690 align:middle line:84%
partner, by finding out what
they like, what they don\'t

00:39:08.690 --> 00:39:10.440 align:middle line:84%
like and, again, telling them
what you\'re comfortable with

00:39:10.440 --> 00:39:13.380 align:middle line:84%
and that way, because it\'s no
good, like, just guessing.

00:39:13.380 --> 00:39:15.360 align:middle line:84%
You really have got to talk to
each other, because if you

00:39:15.360 --> 00:39:19.120 align:middle line:84%
don\'t, then you\'ll never find
out and, again, it\'s lack of

00:39:19.120 --> 00:39:20.370 align:middle line:90%
communication.

00:39:20.370 --> 00:40:04.840 align:middle line:90%

00:40:04.840 --> 00:40:08.160 align:middle line:84%
The physiological research into
female sexuality really

00:40:08.160 --> 00:40:13.722 align:middle line:84%
began with Masters and
Johnson in the 1960s.

00:40:13.722 --> 00:40:17.550 align:middle line:84%
The two American sexologists
observed hundreds of women and

00:40:17.550 --> 00:40:22.130 align:middle line:84%
identified four phases in the
human sexual response cycle--

00:40:22.130 --> 00:40:26.010 align:middle line:84%
arousal, plateau, orgasm,
and resolution.

00:40:26.010 --> 00:40:30.680 align:middle line:90%

00:40:30.680 --> 00:40:33.470 align:middle line:84%
In his laboratory, Dr. Giuliano
continues this

00:40:33.470 --> 00:40:36.630 align:middle line:84%
research into the physiology
of sexual function in

00:40:36.630 --> 00:40:39.340 align:middle line:90%
both men and women.

00:40:39.340 --> 00:40:41.370 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING FRENCH]

00:40:41.370 --> 00:41:05.440 align:middle line:90%

00:41:05.440 --> 00:41:08.400 align:middle line:84%
At the University of Amsterdam,
some very precise

00:41:08.400 --> 00:41:12.560 align:middle line:84%
experiments are being made into
female sexual response.

00:41:12.560 --> 00:41:16.250 align:middle line:84%
Raven Godwin one of 100
volunteers who have agreed to

00:41:16.250 --> 00:41:18.450 align:middle line:84%
take part in Dr. Ellen
Laan\'s research.

00:41:18.450 --> 00:41:24.580 align:middle line:90%

00:41:24.580 --> 00:41:25.560 align:middle line:90%
Hello.

00:41:25.560 --> 00:41:26.470 align:middle line:90%
Yes, hi, Raven?

00:41:26.470 --> 00:41:27.430 align:middle line:90%
Yes.

00:41:27.430 --> 00:41:28.325 align:middle line:90%
Nice to meet you.

00:41:28.325 --> 00:41:28.760 align:middle line:90%
Nice to meet you.

00:41:28.760 --> 00:41:29.850 align:middle line:90%
Shall I take your coat?

00:41:29.850 --> 00:41:31.100 align:middle line:90%
Yes.

00:41:31.100 --> 00:41:33.150 align:middle line:90%

00:41:33.150 --> 00:41:39.300 align:middle line:84%
OK, I will explain to you now
what you\'re going to do, what

00:41:39.300 --> 00:41:41.220 align:middle line:90%
you\'re going to go through.

00:41:41.220 --> 00:41:42.670 align:middle line:84%
You know that we\'re going
to measure your

00:41:42.670 --> 00:41:43.585 align:middle line:90%
vaginal blood flow.

00:41:43.585 --> 00:41:43.940 align:middle line:90%
Yes.

00:41:43.940 --> 00:41:46.680 align:middle line:84%
And this is the device
that we use.

00:41:46.680 --> 00:41:52.480 align:middle line:84%
You can touch it, and see
what it feels like.

00:41:52.480 --> 00:41:55.390 align:middle line:84%
This is the light, and this
is the light sensor.

00:41:55.390 --> 00:41:59.760 align:middle line:84%
And what you do is, when you are
in the other room, you\'ll

00:41:59.760 --> 00:42:01.875 align:middle line:90%
insert the temp on yourself.

00:42:01.875 --> 00:42:02.140 align:middle line:90%
OK.

00:42:02.140 --> 00:42:06.140 align:middle line:84%
And you bring light into your
vagina, and as your vagina

00:42:06.140 --> 00:42:09.270 align:middle line:84%
wall becomes more engorged
with blood--

00:42:09.270 --> 00:42:09.960 align:middle line:90%
It measures.

00:42:09.960 --> 00:42:12.810 align:middle line:84%
--the light is reflected
from the [INAUDIBLE].

00:42:12.810 --> 00:42:13.540 align:middle line:90%
That\'s it.

00:42:13.540 --> 00:42:15.030 align:middle line:90%
That\'s what it really is.

00:42:15.030 --> 00:42:18.090 align:middle line:84%
That\'s how we measure
blood flow, OK?

00:42:18.090 --> 00:42:21.762 align:middle line:84%
So do you want to come up
and go to the room?

00:42:21.762 --> 00:42:22.188 align:middle line:90%
Yeah.

00:42:22.188 --> 00:42:23.600 align:middle line:90%
OK, it\'s this way.

00:42:23.600 --> 00:42:28.870 align:middle line:90%

00:42:28.870 --> 00:42:30.720 align:middle line:84%
This is the chair that you
will be sitting on.

00:42:30.720 --> 00:42:31.630 align:middle line:90%
You see that your temp--

00:42:31.630 --> 00:42:33.390 align:middle line:90%
There\'s a little light here.

00:42:33.390 --> 00:42:34.790 align:middle line:90%
Yes, this one is on.

00:42:34.790 --> 00:42:36.880 align:middle line:90%
So it\'s actually a red light.

00:42:36.880 --> 00:42:39.770 align:middle line:84%
Do you have any more
questions?

00:42:39.770 --> 00:42:41.386 align:middle line:90%
No, it seems pretty simple.

00:42:41.386 --> 00:42:44.130 align:middle line:84%
Good, OK, I\'ll leave the room
and don\'t forget when you\'re

00:42:44.130 --> 00:42:47.320 align:middle line:90%
done to press this button, OK?

00:42:47.320 --> 00:42:48.180 align:middle line:90%
OK.

00:42:48.180 --> 00:42:49.430 align:middle line:90%
OK, good luck.

00:42:49.430 --> 00:42:53.060 align:middle line:90%

00:42:53.060 --> 00:42:53.600 align:middle line:90%
OK.

00:42:53.600 --> 00:42:54.850 align:middle line:90%
OK, we\'ll start.

00:42:54.850 --> 00:43:12.820 align:middle line:90%

00:43:12.820 --> 00:43:17.470 align:middle line:84%
The subject is now watching a
neutral film, and what you see

00:43:17.470 --> 00:43:21.870 align:middle line:84%
here is the amount of
blood that is in her

00:43:21.870 --> 00:43:23.120 align:middle line:90%
vaginal wall right now.

00:43:23.120 --> 00:43:31.890 align:middle line:90%

00:43:31.890 --> 00:43:36.710 align:middle line:84%
I now turned on-- the erotic
video is on, and what you can

00:43:36.710 --> 00:43:41.510 align:middle line:84%
see is that the amount of blood
in the vaginal wall is

00:43:41.510 --> 00:43:42.760 align:middle line:90%
increasing.

00:43:42.760 --> 00:43:47.460 align:middle line:90%

00:43:47.460 --> 00:43:50.110 align:middle line:84%
All the women respond with an
immediate increase in blood

00:43:50.110 --> 00:43:54.260 align:middle line:84%
flow within seconds after the
onset of the erotic film.

00:43:54.260 --> 00:43:58.640 align:middle line:84%
And the women are not aware
that this is happening.

00:43:58.640 --> 00:44:02.300 align:middle line:84%
So they don\'t feel more sexually
aroused at the

00:44:02.300 --> 00:44:06.710 align:middle line:84%
beginning, that happens
only later.

00:44:06.710 --> 00:44:08.230 align:middle line:84%
So it seems at this
increase in blood

00:44:08.230 --> 00:44:09.380 align:middle line:90%
flow is really automatic.

00:44:09.380 --> 00:44:10.610 align:middle line:90%
You don\'t need to want it.

00:44:10.610 --> 00:44:12.020 align:middle line:84%
You don\'t need to
be aware of it.

00:44:12.020 --> 00:44:16.060 align:middle line:84%
It doesn\'t really matter what
you think about the stimulus,

00:44:16.060 --> 00:44:18.810 align:middle line:84%
whether you like it or not,
the physiological response

00:44:18.810 --> 00:44:22.550 align:middle line:84%
will happen anyway we\'re
probably born to respond to

00:44:22.550 --> 00:44:23.800 align:middle line:90%
sexual stimuli.

00:44:23.800 --> 00:44:32.128 align:middle line:90%

00:44:32.128 --> 00:44:33.378 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING FRENCH]

00:44:33.378 --> 00:45:04.800 align:middle line:90%

00:45:04.800 --> 00:45:10.170 align:middle line:84%
The pleasure sensation in the
brain to the genitals seems to

00:45:10.170 --> 00:45:14.350 align:middle line:84%
need to have some kind
of training to

00:45:14.350 --> 00:45:16.270 align:middle line:90%
connect to each other.

00:45:16.270 --> 00:45:21.250 align:middle line:84%
I\'m not quite sure why that\'s
true with girls and not with

00:45:21.250 --> 00:45:24.430 align:middle line:84%
boys, but it does
seem to be true.

00:45:24.430 --> 00:45:29.970 align:middle line:84%
I think it\'s rare that a girl
just spontaneously is able to

00:45:29.970 --> 00:45:31.050 align:middle line:90%
start having orgasms.

00:45:31.050 --> 00:45:34.180 align:middle line:84%
I think there has to
be some level of

00:45:34.180 --> 00:45:35.730 align:middle line:90%
training that goes on.

00:45:35.730 --> 00:45:39.320 align:middle line:84%
But it is, I think, the perfect
analogy really is

00:45:39.320 --> 00:45:40.390 align:middle line:90%
riding a bicycle.

00:45:40.390 --> 00:45:43.040 align:middle line:84%
But it\'s almost like, well,
how does that happen?

00:45:43.040 --> 00:45:44.660 align:middle line:84%
All a sudden you can balance
yourself and

00:45:44.660 --> 00:45:45.910 align:middle line:90%
then you never forget.

00:45:45.910 --> 00:45:51.560 align:middle line:90%

00:45:51.560 --> 00:45:54.540 align:middle line:84%
In this second experiment, we\'ll
be using erotic films,

00:45:54.540 --> 00:45:58.000 align:middle line:84%
but also clitoral vibration
as a means to

00:45:58.000 --> 00:45:59.920 align:middle line:90%
sexually stimulate women.

00:45:59.920 --> 00:46:04.250 align:middle line:84%
And this is the device that
we\'re using for that.

00:46:04.250 --> 00:46:09.640 align:middle line:84%
We call this our one size fits
all hands-off vibrator.

00:46:09.640 --> 00:46:13.910 align:middle line:84%
And the subject is instructed
to make sure that this is

00:46:13.910 --> 00:46:15.760 align:middle line:90%
pressing against the clitoris.

00:46:15.760 --> 00:46:21.110 align:middle line:84%
It has a little engine here
that\'s being controlled by the

00:46:21.110 --> 00:46:22.360 align:middle line:90%
computer program.

00:46:22.360 --> 00:46:29.240 align:middle line:90%

00:46:29.240 --> 00:46:31.220 align:middle line:84%
There are reports in the
literature that women are the

00:46:31.220 --> 00:46:34.100 align:middle line:84%
slower sex, that it takes
them a very long

00:46:34.100 --> 00:46:35.880 align:middle line:90%
time to have an orgasm.

00:46:35.880 --> 00:46:39.410 align:middle line:84%
And what we are seeing in this
particular experiment, is that

00:46:39.410 --> 00:46:42.435 align:middle line:84%
women are actually really quick
at getting an orgasm.

00:46:42.435 --> 00:46:45.110 align:middle line:90%

00:46:45.110 --> 00:46:47.400 align:middle line:84%
The subject is indicating
that she\'s having an

00:46:47.400 --> 00:46:48.650 align:middle line:90%
orgasm right now.

00:46:48.650 --> 00:46:55.630 align:middle line:90%

00:46:55.630 --> 00:46:57.686 align:middle line:84%
They wanted to have the
first response.

00:46:57.686 --> 00:47:00.014 align:middle line:90%
And now we\'ll have a break.

00:47:00.014 --> 00:47:02.449 align:middle line:90%
OK.

00:47:02.449 --> 00:47:04.035 align:middle line:90%
I\'m a little flushed.

00:47:04.035 --> 00:47:04.840 align:middle line:90%
Yes, well.

00:47:04.840 --> 00:47:05.920 align:middle line:90%
And stimulated.

00:47:05.920 --> 00:47:06.310 align:middle line:90%
Wonderful.

00:47:06.310 --> 00:47:08.910 align:middle line:90%
It was good, wasn\'t it?

00:47:08.910 --> 00:47:13.640 align:middle line:84%
What we think right now is that
everybody who is healthy,

00:47:13.640 --> 00:47:17.130 align:middle line:84%
and has no physical objections
to getting an

00:47:17.130 --> 00:47:18.950 align:middle line:90%
orgasm, can have an orgasm.

00:47:18.950 --> 00:47:20.870 align:middle line:84%
That she can learn
it, actually.

00:47:20.870 --> 00:47:27.320 align:middle line:84%
The only sex therapy treatment
that has been proven to be

00:47:27.320 --> 00:47:31.390 align:middle line:84%
efficacious is in fact directed
masturbation, that

00:47:31.390 --> 00:47:36.990 align:middle line:84%
is, a short therapy where women
learn how to get an

00:47:36.990 --> 00:47:40.660 align:middle line:84%
orgasm through instructions
on how to masturbate.

00:47:40.660 --> 00:47:43.410 align:middle line:84%
And that actually is a very
successful program.

00:47:43.410 --> 00:47:47.610 align:middle line:84%
So now we are no longer talking
about women who are

00:47:47.610 --> 00:47:48.530 align:middle line:90%
anorgasmic.

00:47:48.530 --> 00:47:52.120 align:middle line:84%
We are now referring to women
as being preorgasmic

00:47:52.120 --> 00:47:54.790 align:middle line:84%
suggesting that they haven\'t
learned how to

00:47:54.790 --> 00:47:56.520 align:middle line:90%
become orgasmic yet.

00:47:56.520 --> 00:47:58.220 align:middle line:90%
Everybody needs orgasms.

00:47:58.220 --> 00:48:01.310 align:middle line:84%
Everybody, male, female,
intersex.

00:48:01.310 --> 00:48:04.980 align:middle line:84%
Anybody who\'s capable of having
orgasms needs them.

00:48:04.980 --> 00:48:08.020 align:middle line:84%
And so we are sexual
creatures.

00:48:08.020 --> 00:48:12.550 align:middle line:84%
That\'s what we\'re here for,
sexual body pleasure, it\'s an

00:48:12.550 --> 00:48:14.560 align:middle line:90%
enormous part of being human.

00:48:14.560 --> 00:48:18.150 align:middle line:84%
I don\'t think the people should
say, oh, well, we\'ve

00:48:18.150 --> 00:48:19.990 align:middle line:90%
oversold sex.

00:48:19.990 --> 00:48:23.170 align:middle line:84%
I mean, yes, it\'s silly the way
it\'s just everywhere in

00:48:23.170 --> 00:48:28.580 align:middle line:84%
your face, but then again, you
cannot deny that we are

00:48:28.580 --> 00:48:34.290 align:middle line:84%
profoundly sexual beings so
that\'s just part of what makes

00:48:34.290 --> 00:48:35.540 align:middle line:90%
us who we are.

00:48:35.540 --> 00:49:25.130 align:middle line:90%

00:49:25.130 --> 00:49:26.470 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING FRENCH]

00:49:26.470 --> 00:49:59.720 align:middle line:90%

00:49:59.720 --> 00:50:03.550 align:middle line:84%
Viagra, the most profitable new
drug of all time, worth a

00:50:03.550 --> 00:50:09.760 align:middle line:84%
fortune to Pfizer, and it\'s
93,000 stockholders.

00:50:09.760 --> 00:50:12.670 align:middle line:84%
Women like men, are curious
about Viagra.

00:50:12.670 --> 00:50:17.370 align:middle line:84%
It is harder for me to achieve
an orgasm, and

00:50:17.370 --> 00:50:19.450 align:middle line:90%
I think that if--

00:50:19.450 --> 00:50:22.950 align:middle line:84%
I know that if there was
something that I could take

00:50:22.950 --> 00:50:27.880 align:middle line:84%
today that would help me
to achieve that every--

00:50:27.880 --> 00:50:29.430 align:middle line:90%
absolutely, sign me up.

00:50:29.430 --> 00:50:33.020 align:middle line:84%
In a study with Viagra that we
did in medically healthy

00:50:33.020 --> 00:50:38.010 align:middle line:84%
women, we found indeed that
Viagra increased vaginal blood

00:50:38.010 --> 00:50:42.750 align:middle line:84%
flow, but the women did not
feel more sexually aroused

00:50:42.750 --> 00:50:44.810 align:middle line:90%
when they were taking Viagra.

00:50:44.810 --> 00:50:48.750 align:middle line:84%
So they did not notice this
difference in blood flow.

00:50:48.750 --> 00:50:52.206 align:middle line:84%
Dr. Jennifer Berman is a
urologist, and her sister, Dr.

00:50:52.206 --> 00:50:54.205 align:middle line:84%
Laura Berman is a
sex therapist.

00:50:54.205 --> 00:50:57.280 align:middle line:84%
They are the country\'s leading
researchers on the effects of

00:50:57.280 --> 00:50:58.790 align:middle line:90%
Viagra on women.

00:50:58.790 --> 00:51:02.500 align:middle line:84%
As we know, 43% of American
women have complained to

00:51:02.500 --> 00:51:05.070 align:middle line:84%
sexual dysfunction, so it is
a significant problem.

00:51:05.070 --> 00:51:08.570 align:middle line:84%
And we just sort of joined
together our forces of medical

00:51:08.570 --> 00:51:13.000 align:middle line:84%
and the psychological aspects to
best approach the problem.

00:51:13.000 --> 00:51:17.560 align:middle line:84%
Viagra is still a very
successful drug, but maybe

00:51:17.560 --> 00:51:21.410 align:middle line:84%
it\'s not as successful as people
initially thought,

00:51:21.410 --> 00:51:24.000 align:middle line:84%
because it\'s not addressing
the real problems.

00:51:24.000 --> 00:51:26.280 align:middle line:84%
It\'s not addressing relationship
problems.

00:51:26.280 --> 00:51:28.890 align:middle line:84%
It\'s not addressing lack of
sexual stimulation, and you

00:51:28.890 --> 00:51:32.020 align:middle line:84%
need sexual stimulation
in order for

00:51:32.020 --> 00:51:34.340 align:middle line:90%
Viagra to be effective.

00:51:34.340 --> 00:51:35.920 align:middle line:90%
It\'s not an aphrodisiac.

00:51:35.920 --> 00:51:40.520 align:middle line:84%
Does anybody really think that
the vast majority of people

00:51:40.520 --> 00:51:44.140 align:middle line:84%
whose sexual lives are
unsatisfactory will be

00:51:44.140 --> 00:51:45.690 align:middle line:90%
benefited by a drug?

00:51:45.690 --> 00:51:47.720 align:middle line:84%
Does anybody really
think that?

00:51:47.720 --> 00:51:49.180 align:middle line:90%
No.

00:51:49.180 --> 00:51:54.900 align:middle line:84%
The only thing is that people
will buy a drug, because their

00:51:54.900 --> 00:51:57.590 align:middle line:90%
sex lives are unsatisfactory.

00:51:57.590 --> 00:52:01.620 align:middle line:84%
Their sex lives are
unsatisfactory, in part, maybe

00:52:01.620 --> 00:52:06.460 align:middle line:84%
in large part, because of the
very advertisements for the

00:52:06.460 --> 00:52:14.580 align:middle line:84%
drugs, that say, is your orgasm
as strong as you would

00:52:14.580 --> 00:52:16.356 align:middle line:90%
like it to be?

00:52:16.356 --> 00:52:18.130 align:middle line:84%
Well, what kind of
question is that?

00:52:18.130 --> 00:52:22.260 align:middle line:84%
All of a sudden, here I am, a
normal person thinking, I\'ve

00:52:22.260 --> 00:52:24.750 align:middle line:84%
never asked myself
that before.

00:52:24.750 --> 00:52:25.620 align:middle line:90%
Hmm.

00:52:25.620 --> 00:52:29.430 align:middle line:84%
Is my, well, I don\'t know how
strong it is or how strong is

00:52:29.430 --> 00:52:30.710 align:middle line:90%
supposed to be.

00:52:30.710 --> 00:52:33.530 align:middle line:84%
I just know whether I\'m
enjoying my sex

00:52:33.530 --> 00:52:35.080 align:middle line:90%
life with my partner.

00:52:35.080 --> 00:52:37.930 align:middle line:84%
20 years ago, the idea was
that all the causes were

00:52:37.930 --> 00:52:41.160 align:middle line:84%
psychological, and now the
current trend is that, all the

00:52:41.160 --> 00:52:42.480 align:middle line:90%
causes are physical.

00:52:42.480 --> 00:52:46.410 align:middle line:84%
Although, there are a lot of
people also within the medical

00:52:46.410 --> 00:52:49.890 align:middle line:84%
profession that say that that
is way too simplistic, too,

00:52:49.890 --> 00:52:53.420 align:middle line:84%
that sexual problems have
multiple causes, and

00:52:53.420 --> 00:52:54.860 align:middle line:90%
not just one cause.

00:52:54.860 --> 00:52:56.470 align:middle line:90%
I mean, it\'s easy.

00:52:56.470 --> 00:53:00.700 align:middle line:84%
We humans, we always want to
have one cause for a problem,

00:53:00.700 --> 00:53:03.610 align:middle line:84%
but the reality is never
as simple as that.

00:53:03.610 --> 00:53:07.360 align:middle line:84%
It wasn\'t until 2000 that
there was this fabulous

00:53:07.360 --> 00:53:10.250 align:middle line:84%
consensus gathering of
interested researchers

00:53:10.250 --> 00:53:13.910 align:middle line:84%
throughout the world to define
the subcategories of female

00:53:13.910 --> 00:53:19.830 align:middle line:84%
sexual disorder and function
and create a framework for

00:53:19.830 --> 00:53:22.220 align:middle line:90%
going forward in the area.

00:53:22.220 --> 00:53:25.390 align:middle line:84%
Medical research, which is
trying to understand, let\'s

00:53:25.390 --> 00:53:28.590 align:middle line:84%
say, how the body works in the
relationship of the mind and

00:53:28.590 --> 00:53:31.900 align:middle line:84%
the body, there\'s a billion
questions to ask.

00:53:31.900 --> 00:53:34.420 align:middle line:84%
The pharmaceutical industry
is not funding

00:53:34.420 --> 00:53:36.285 align:middle line:90%
that kind of research.

00:53:36.285 --> 00:53:38.800 align:middle line:84%
They\'re funding clinical
trials.

00:53:38.800 --> 00:53:42.730 align:middle line:84%
Does drug A work better than
drug B or does drug A work

00:53:42.730 --> 00:53:44.090 align:middle line:90%
better than a placebo?

00:53:44.090 --> 00:53:44.860 align:middle line:90%
End of story.

00:53:44.860 --> 00:53:46.410 align:middle line:90%
That\'s all they\'re funding.

00:53:46.410 --> 00:53:51.140 align:middle line:84%
Well, sex research, again,
because sex is such a

00:53:51.140 --> 00:53:55.300 align:middle line:84%
politically charged and
difficult subject, given our

00:53:55.300 --> 00:53:59.360 align:middle line:84%
history, sex research
is underfunded.

00:53:59.360 --> 00:54:00.630 align:middle line:90%
[SPEAKING FRENCH]

00:54:00.630 --> 00:54:32.040 align:middle line:90%

00:54:32.040 --> 00:54:35.780 align:middle line:84%
I think we\'ll get better and
better at refining what

00:54:35.780 --> 00:54:39.360 align:middle line:84%
components are going to
respond to medication,

00:54:39.360 --> 00:54:43.030 align:middle line:84%
offering those to patients,
working out what sort of

00:54:43.030 --> 00:54:47.580 align:middle line:84%
sexual relationship assistance
is going to benefit them.

00:54:47.580 --> 00:54:50.910 align:middle line:84%
And using multimodal therapy,
which is also

00:54:50.910 --> 00:54:53.610 align:middle line:90%
really what men need.

00:54:53.610 --> 00:54:58.860 align:middle line:84%
Obviously, you can increase
erectile activity, but if the

00:54:58.860 --> 00:55:03.740 align:middle line:84%
underlying relationship is in
trouble, they\'re going to have

00:55:03.740 --> 00:55:07.440 align:middle line:84%
difficulty no matter how
successfully functioning the

00:55:07.440 --> 00:55:08.728 align:middle line:90%
end organ is.

00:55:08.728 --> 00:55:11.480 align:middle line:90%

00:55:11.480 --> 00:55:14.690 align:middle line:90%
Allison, wake up.

00:55:14.690 --> 00:55:15.610 align:middle line:90%
Hmm?

00:55:15.610 --> 00:55:19.150 align:middle line:84%
Darling, I\'m making you
some ASPRO Clear.

00:55:19.150 --> 00:55:19.810 align:middle line:90%
What?

00:55:19.810 --> 00:55:22.830 align:middle line:84%
ASPRO Clear, the new
effervescent pain killer,

00:55:22.830 --> 00:55:26.386 align:middle line:84%
because it\'s a fizzy, it
dissolves into a clear liquid.

00:55:26.386 --> 00:55:27.600 align:middle line:90%
ASPRO Clear?

00:55:27.600 --> 00:55:30.180 align:middle line:84%
Yes, it\'s absorbed faster
to relieve aches,

00:55:30.180 --> 00:55:33.777 align:middle line:90%
pains, fever, headaches.

00:55:33.777 --> 00:55:36.910 align:middle line:84%
But, Paul, I don\'t
have a headache.

00:55:36.910 --> 00:55:38.160 align:middle line:90%
Excellent.

00:55:38.160 --> 00:55:41.700 align:middle line:90%

00:55:41.700 --> 00:55:44.260 align:middle line:84%
You know how pleasure
works for women?

00:55:44.260 --> 00:55:48.310 align:middle line:84%
If the man takes the
garbage out.

00:55:48.310 --> 00:55:51.950 align:middle line:84%
If the man pays attention
to the children.

00:55:51.950 --> 00:55:57.780 align:middle line:84%
If the man remembers when the
woman\'s mother\'s birthday is.

00:55:57.780 --> 00:56:04.850 align:middle line:84%
This creates a kind of gender
experience for women of being

00:56:04.850 --> 00:56:11.050 align:middle line:84%
cared for, of being safe, a
feeling like, this is somebody

00:56:11.050 --> 00:56:15.350 align:middle line:84%
who really is interested
in them as a person.

00:56:15.350 --> 00:56:21.070 align:middle line:84%
It relaxes a woman to a
tremendous extent to feel safe

00:56:21.070 --> 00:56:23.250 align:middle line:90%
and cared for in that way.

00:56:23.250 --> 00:56:27.430 align:middle line:84%
And many interesting physical
things may come from that.

00:56:27.430 --> 00:56:31.000 align:middle line:84%
So the idea that sex is
something that happens in the

00:56:31.000 --> 00:56:34.710 align:middle line:90%
bedroom is a major mistake.

00:56:34.710 --> 00:56:38.170 align:middle line:84%
Sex is something that happens
in a relationship, and a

00:56:38.170 --> 00:56:40.430 align:middle line:84%
relationship is a
24-hour-a-day,

00:56:40.430 --> 00:56:41.710 align:middle line:90%
seven-day-a-week thing.

00:56:41.710 --> 00:56:56.630 align:middle line:90%

00:56:56.630 --> 00:57:00.100 align:middle line:84%
The women who have the best time
sexually, the women who

00:57:00.100 --> 00:57:04.890 align:middle line:84%
have orgasms most reliably,
and have multiple orgasms

00:57:04.890 --> 00:57:09.640 align:middle line:84%
easily, are ones who take
control and don\'t wait for the

00:57:09.640 --> 00:57:13.300 align:middle line:90%
man to do the right thing.

00:57:13.300 --> 00:57:16.520 align:middle line:84%
I do think that sex has to be
a two-way way give and take,

00:57:16.520 --> 00:57:21.490 align:middle line:84%
but usually, if the woman takes
charge sometimes, and

00:57:21.490 --> 00:57:23.820 align:middle line:84%
the man takes charge sometimes,
they end up

00:57:23.820 --> 00:57:25.570 align:middle line:84%
actually working it
out much better.

00:57:25.570 --> 00:57:28.340 align:middle line:84%
They kind of figure out each
other\'s rhythm better.

00:57:28.340 --> 00:57:31.480 align:middle line:84%
But if you just leave it up to
the guys and sort of figure,

00:57:31.480 --> 00:57:33.190 align:middle line:90%
oh, he\'s not doing it right.

00:57:33.190 --> 00:57:34.080 align:middle line:90%
What am I going to do?

00:57:34.080 --> 00:57:35.010 align:middle line:90%
This is terrible.

00:57:35.010 --> 00:57:36.260 align:middle line:90%
I\'ve got to find a good lover.

00:57:36.260 --> 00:57:39.490 align:middle line:90%

00:57:39.490 --> 00:57:42.350 align:middle line:84%
Chances are you\'re going to be
disappointed in your sex life.

00:57:42.350 --> 00:57:45.110 align:middle line:84%
You have to take control of it
or you\'re just never going to

00:57:45.110 --> 00:57:46.900 align:middle line:90%
have as much fun as you could.

00:57:46.900 --> 00:57:57.100 align:middle line:90%

00:57:57.100 --> 00:59:29.209 align:middle line:90%