WEBVTT

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He did not say what he was going to do,

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he did it.

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He lived the deficiencies, he saw them

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and perhaps he suffered them.

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And that\'s why he understood them
and that\'s why he wanted

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to help them and take them
to another level of well-being.

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Of illusion he had nothing and nothing utopian.

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He was a pragmatic man, who knew very well what
he wanted and he knew how he had to act and he did.

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He ruled from the moral and now they govern from
the interest not of the people, but of their own.

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He was a person very close to the family,
very affable in a very good mood, nothing rigid.

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Cárdenas comes from a lower middle class family.

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The father owned a kind of miscellany where
they usually drank drinks, played, read ...

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His mother was a much more linked
woman to the indigenous communities.

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Then Cárdenas has from very young a link
with the indigenous area.

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Also very present in the youth of Cardenas
There is the Hacienda la Guaracha.

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They were lands of the Hacienda what surrounded and
what determined economic life and politics of the region.

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It was not just an Hacienda there
but it was actually the one

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that determined what happened in an entire area

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much more it is enough that it is
the town of Jiquilpan itself.

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Acquire an awareness of how to Access
to a reality that is terrible,

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that is brutal because the misery
that lives in that Mexican countryside

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of the margins of opulence that
is La Guaracha is there.

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He has it in front of himself and I think that
is a very important school.

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This is what makes him very different
from Pascual Ortiz Rubio,

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to Adolfo de la Huerta, to Obregón himself, to Calles himself.

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Enter very, very young to the revolution and
also enters a particularly inhospitable place.

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The revolution on hot land were not hoaxes,
that was a tremendous revolution.

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And he does the whole career in revolutionary ranks.

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I believe that this step throughout the Mexican territory

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with the forces of the constitutionalist army of Venustiano Carranza

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opened his eyes about what the country was like.

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He realized exactly what the country needed
especially in three fundamental aspects.

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One was the international position of Mexico, another
was the regularization of the political life of the country

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and another was the economic activity
of support to the classes in need.

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The General was a man who adapted to
new realities, I did not deny them

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and this great heterogeneity I think it\'s
because the General was a good reader.

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You tend to see the six years of Cárdenas as
the first presidential administration.

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It was a government that fulfilled its
international and national commitments

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and in that sense I would say that as it was the person
of my father, was a government congruent in that sense.

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But when one reviews for example
the texts of General Cárdenas himself

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sees one the most profound respect with which he

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admires and looks up at figures like to
General Obregón and General Calles himself.

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In fact General Calles is a man who
I would dare say that Cárdenas

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owes much of his military education
and his political education.

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And then ideologically he has another great teacher.

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Who tells you if there is a project or
an overview is General Múgica,

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who has a great influence on General Cárdenas and what It
illustrates intellectually and gives meaning to many things.

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But do not forget that they come of Carranza,
and that come from the Porfiriato in turn,

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that are men who do not share the power and that they use it
of course for their own benefit but also use it for to be able to

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impose what they consider what is your project and
the proposals fundamentals that arise from the Revolution itself.

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Cárdenas is a sequel to this, Cárdenas is educated
under that principle of concentration of power.

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Let\'s not forget that General Cárdenas was a General.

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Then he also adheres to the military codes.

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Of course, he applies it in a different way, it will not
be the same style that of Obregón or that of Calles.

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What he is going to do is not call him caudillismo(warlordism)
but presidentialism, will be the presidential institution.

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It is consistent with a defense of a principle of authority
that comes precisely of the military world,

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more than the world of democracy.

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The sexennial structures, the plan
was undo what had happened before,

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that\'s part of the national style, to be able
to give justification and validity to a renewal.

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Cárdenas believes it deeply,

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believes that what you have to do is get going what
the six-year plan regardless of who is in the lead,

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now, he happens to be in the lead and what he defends
is precisely this strong presidential institution

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that if it is strong then it has capacity to organize, to
structure, to start the post-revolutionary projects.

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Social Security, the Polytechnic, give Access
to children of workers to study technical careers.

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He acted by conviction and above all with a patriotic vision that
we would like it to have repeated several times in this country.

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His concern was the town, he had to be rescued.

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He was traveling on his train and went to
the communities: the Tata (The GrandPa)

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Continuous tours throughout the country, tours
for that very long time since they were by rail

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or on roads not in the best conditions, some by ship including ...

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All this had to do with the way of being,
go out to see directly the problems,

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I had time to listen to people

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There was always time to tell them,

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give them a verbal response to what they requested.

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Tell them \"you can or can not\" or \"the fight is going to be done\" ...

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He was not a rug president, He was a president
of dust, dirt, of roads ...

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What Cárdenas does on these tours
is to learn about how the country is.

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Where it\'s happening is already seeing how can it be
done so that the Revolution acquires meaning

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for the people who participated in it and that\'s
where you\'re measuring yourself who are the callistas,

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who the cardenistas who are the ex-obregonistas,

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who are pulling for which side.

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Cárdenas unlike Calles and Obregón that they had
no regard, that they did kill without any problema,

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Cárdenas does not like to kill, it\'s not
so soft for the trigger How to say.

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But it is a character who wants to
negotiate until you can no longer.

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The same thing happened with Calles,
he could not negotiate more and had to expel him.

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Because you can not question the military hierarchy, the presidency.

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The one in the lead is the president
of Mexico, and it is an Institution.

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But he always sought to
avoid direct confrontation

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and find a solution that was the
most peaceful and quiet possible.

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But he is a man who is very aware also of
what is happening in the rest of the world

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I think it is pending of these new models,
above all of the Roosevelt model.

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This is what México also needs, open
your market, move your productive forces.

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The General was very clear that
also the industry was needed.

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Do not let capital absorb the work and
the product of the classes needed

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to capitalize and create more inequality.

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And he was looking in his humanist desire
to continue conserving that wealth

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to channel it and make fairer
the distribution of income.

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And he realizes that those who they made the revolution,
workers and peasants, they are still unprotected,

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and believe that there is a debt of justice with them.
He calls it \"pueblo\", he calls it \"his congeners\"

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He is from the town, he is very close to them and
he thinks he has to do something to revitalize them.

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If you want to make those modifications that
wants, to carry out, in oil, In terms of foreign policy,

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we must remember that has a terrible
internal opposition to all its measures,

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you will have to do them leaning
on the strength it has in the masses.

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Many of these actions have to do directly with
the rescue of the exercise of sovereignty.

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That could be taken decisions based
on the interest of the country,

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of majorities and not according to
interests foreign and largely foreigners.

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The policy that General Cárdenas
had was to give him his fair recognition

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to what is a culture that evidently It has retained its roots.

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It is not a paternalistic attitude, but simply
respect their culture and their traditions.

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He sought to raise the living conditions of
the population in general terms,

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for example that the benefit of taking advantage
of the land was mainly for the peasants.

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I think there are many agricultural areas important
in the country that developed thanks to the agrarian reform.

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On January 1, 1935, it is already precisely
with the projects of land distribution.

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That\'s why it\'s a mass politics, because
the masses in quotes they made the revolution.

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How will you benefit?

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Well with organization. That there is an
agricultural credit bank what of the resources.

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That there are hospitals
that there are schools ...

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is that the State it becomes an active element,

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he is nothing more than a contemplator,
but the State is the regulator.

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The mass organization that General Cárdenas
take a walk is an organization that serves to the State,

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and it does so by generating class consciousness, and
with that class consciousness can be transformed,

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favors the organization so that
Instrument the constitutional text.

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And that factor is political intelligence.

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When someone came to ask for something to General Cárdenas,

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the first thing he answered was
\"Of course, very well, organize yourself\"

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In effect. the workers\' organization
serves to a principle of social mobility,

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and the State is there to support the organization,
not for dismantle it, not to corrupt it,

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not to dismantle it but precisely
to prop it up and make it work.

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The unions begin to grow and that brutally
frightens the owners and the bosses,

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who also start to organize, that\'s also true.

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It is not strange that right at the time of cardenismo
the PAN (National Action Party) is created.

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It was a match that was going to counteract
the policy that General Cárdenas

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had carried in all the important corners of the
country, in agricultura, in education and in oil.

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They did not agree, because they
felt that did not accumulate wealth

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because General Cárdenas wanted to balance wealth.

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One reads the minutes of the meetings
of the different unions and they are practical,

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they are mechanics of an implantation of
awareness of the value of collective work.

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`We are going to ask the fellow President\"

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what will happen next in Chile for example with Salvador
Allende or with Fidel Castro, \"partner or etcetera\"

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That is already being said in the 30s

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They say with all their words, \"we are socialists\"

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although they are not in the background,
even though they think they are,

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but it is in the mouth of the workers your class consciousness

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People are scared because he thinks, \"Oh, that\'s communism\"

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Yes and no, it is a discourse in the background.

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Cárdenas is the great constructor of institutions,
Educational, cultural and artistic in México.

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We forget that the National Polytechnic Institute,
the National Institute of Fine Arts,

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the National School of Anthropology and History,

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the College of Mexico that begins as \"House of Spain\" until 1940,

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many aspects of the National University,
many of the universities in the country,

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that many of the Medical Institutes, of Scientific Research, etc.

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Arise thanks to that huge support from cardenism to material
Transformation, cultural, scientific and social institutions.

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He sought to raise social conditions,
educational in this specific case,

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of the popular classes.

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That\'s why the attention indigenous, that\'s
why strengthening, because already existed,

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of the cultural brigades, that led to the
creation of indigenous boarding schools,

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agricultural schools for the children of the peasants.

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When you see a society that has access to culture,
which brings you activities of good level,

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obviously the economic part ... here in
Jiquilpan you live In a nice way,

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people are cultured and cordial and
I think that\'s an important point,

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I think that having that access the
essence of the people changes a lot.

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A town that has education and culture it is
aimed at prospering and having social peace.

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It\'s not really an education Socialist as such.

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It is an education that tries to encourage cooperativism,

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that tries to encourage secular thinking,
a little more scientific, more rational,

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that tries to link the educational
process with the productive processes.

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What they raised it was not the individual\'s claim
nor of the own success but rather of the whole.

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I would dare to pose it as an education much
more committed to a model revolutionary

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than with a model of industrialization or with
an insertion model in the international market.

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The Polytechnic Institute is an institution of Higher education
that serves mexican society and not just an elite in fact.

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At the musical level in the decade of the 30s
there is an explosion of musical nationalism.

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There is the National Symphony Orchestra,

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the Orchestra of the Conservatory and the
Palace of Fine Arts It is not an elite theater.

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It\'s a popular theater.

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Popular culture is revalued, claimed, it is reworked

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with an enormous intensity during
Cardenismo and that is a legacy to date,

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the fact that it is thought that popular culture
is the mexican culture par excellence

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is one of the aftermath of cardenista culture in the background.

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From Porfirio Díaz who did nothing, but on the contrary,

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the oil industry both English and Northamerican.

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He did not care much that there were territories
occupied and neglected the social issue.

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After him comes the Revolution, Madero triumphs

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and records with twenty cents the ton of oil

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and they still argue it the Americans, the twenty cents.

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For the United States, oil was strategic

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at that time and Obregón again incorporates to the fight for oil

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in a way condescending

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because the presidents in that time they necessarily required

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the acceptance of the United States to recognize them as presidents.

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... and that General Cárdenas arrives,

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and changes radically life in the country,

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because assumes the sexennial plan,

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and there was already in that sexenal plan elements

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that touched in a precise way the oil question;

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that oil should not be exported if
there is no some degree of refining.

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Already in the Constitution of 1917, article 27
it said clearly that everything in the subsoil

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of any material, combustible or not,
it was owned by the nation,

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that was already in the Constitution.

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Legally, trade unions had the right to the strike ...

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and the oil conflict begins shortly after.

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They were mainly foreign companies
those who were exploiting the oil

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with very different conditions for the mexican
worker with respect to foreign officials.

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And they form the Oil Union of the Mexican Republic,

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that fought better salary conditions.

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And it\'s Cárdenas.

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He promotes it with an idea of worker protection,

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but american companies with that
strength and domain experience

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in mexican politics they did not give importance to them.

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This leads to a strike approach which raises

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what in legislation labor is called an economic conflict

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and it means that companies continue to work
while an agreement is reached of a legal nature.

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A commission was created by
the government to study the case.

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He took the trial until he came to the Supreme Court,

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which resolves in favor from the workers.

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Companies reject this award of the Supreme Court

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and then the problem changes character, changes qualitatively.

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Stop being a problem among workers and patterns of the oil industry

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and it becomes a conflict between oil
entrepreneurs and the Mexican State.

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I already had the elements; the right to strike,
an economic conflict in favor of the workers

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and a panorama more or less favorable.

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Upon requests to comply the
mandate before the Supreme Court

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the entrepreneurs continued to negotiate thinking
that again they were going to bend the State.

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General Cárdenas calls them to
National Palace to an interview with them

00:28:55.027 --> 00:29:02.743
and he presents the Superior Court ruling and told them
that if the workers do not respond \"I answer for them.\"

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And an Englishman responds:
\"And for you who answers?\"

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All he did was play with the button of the jacket,

00:29:17.466 --> 00:29:19.468
and at that moment the button jumped to the ground.

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I mean, it gave him so much courage
who doubted the word of the President

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who took it off and said \"Gentlemen
good afternoon, the meeting is over”

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He called his advisor that at that
time it was Jesus Silva Herzog

00:29:32.398 --> 00:29:33.941
and he asked to accompany him.

00:29:34.149 --> 00:29:36.653
They climbed in the car and they
went out to the Cuernavaca highway.

00:29:36.776 --> 00:29:39.531
He told the driver to stop by Huitzilac,

00:29:39.656 --> 00:29:42.950
they went down and on foot the two,
did not want that the driver heard them,

00:29:43.283 --> 00:29:46.203
told him to prepare the expropriation decree.

00:29:47.413 --> 00:29:49.789
Original audio release
expropriation oil Message to the nation:

00:29:49.789 --> 00:29:54.546
the attitude assumed by the oil companies
refusing to obey the mandate of national justice

00:29:55.505 --> 00:29:58.924
imposes the executive of the Union
to apply the law of expropriation in force

00:30:00.175 --> 00:30:02.094
and demand to the whole nation

00:30:02.219 --> 00:30:06.432
the moral support and necessary material
to face the consequences of this determination.

00:30:12.104 --> 00:30:16.526
If there had not been social support it
was very difficult to make a decision

00:30:16.816 --> 00:30:22.281
that I knew I was going to face it with companies
that they were supported by their governments,

00:30:22.322 --> 00:30:26.786
mainly the British government
and the American government.

00:30:27.494 --> 00:30:31.248
If it was tolerated that a group of
companies however powerful they may

00:30:31.331 --> 00:30:38.047
not respect an award of the Supreme Court of Justice
the mexican legal system fell by its weight.

00:30:38.838 --> 00:30:42.842
It was completely stuck to law,

00:30:43.843 --> 00:30:49.850
It was never arbitrary, it never went
away of constitutional regulations

00:30:50.476 --> 00:30:55.064
and with a great sense of autonomy,

00:30:55.855 --> 00:31:01.861
of independence and wanting to demonstrate
that in this country there were presidents.

00:31:28.055 --> 00:31:30.725
Cardenismo really marks a milestone,

00:31:30.890 --> 00:31:42.027
It opens in México the possibility of receiving important
numbers of exiles who are seeking refuge to save their lives.

00:31:42.319 --> 00:31:45.782
The country\'s immigration laws pointed

00:31:45.905 --> 00:31:50.035
who would be favored in processes migratory

00:31:50.244 --> 00:31:57.084
was to those nationalities that had a link with the Mexican world.

00:31:58.210 --> 00:32:08.805
When there were requirements of Spanish government
to come Republicans to México in case of defeat,

00:32:09.179 --> 00:32:16.646
the government of México He said yes, all
Republicans who can arrive can enter México.

00:32:20.149 --> 00:32:30.660
Recall that the México of 1939 It was a poor México,
and receive and open The doors were very difficult.

00:32:30.827 --> 00:32:40.460
At that moment receive about 20,000 refugees
in a country that received few and very sporadically

00:32:40.628 --> 00:32:50.387
is something that makes México an exceptional
country in the world of international solidarity

00:32:50.889 --> 00:32:53.974
The reception and support of Cárdenas It was total,

00:32:54.099 --> 00:33:00.022
and it was from the children of Morelia until the
arrival of the refugees while he was president.

00:33:00.355 --> 00:33:08.988
But that was Cárdenas, in a Mexico where
the environment against exile It was too big.

00:33:09.072 --> 00:33:18.998
He achieved that many sectors mexican society will
really manifest very in favor of receiving the refugees.

00:33:19.124 --> 00:33:25.004
Cardenismo was not communist, it helped
that those who were in the greatest danger.

00:33:25.130 --> 00:33:30.553
Were there communists in that contingent?
There were, but not exclusively.

00:33:30.720 --> 00:33:38.435
It was because really, first, there was
a coincidence of a Republic with another Republic.

00:33:40.855 --> 00:33:44.191
Spanish refugees leaving by the Civil War

00:33:44.776 --> 00:33:51.156
were a population Spanish that was not
intended to emigrate had there not been a war.

00:33:51.448 --> 00:33:56.579
It was people who in Spain I was building and developing,

00:33:56.955 --> 00:34:04.879
industrializing and educating Spain,
modernizing science and knowledge.

00:34:05.295 --> 00:34:10.133
Cárdenas, I think he takes these values into account,

00:34:10.467 --> 00:34:15.682
Who were they, how could I use them and,

00:34:15.765 --> 00:34:20.435
maybe not with precisión, what could
I get but what was obtained in the end.

00:34:20.895 --> 00:34:25.942
In the process of change and structuring
from a modern national state

00:34:26.065 --> 00:34:33.866
you need technicians, you need scientists and
you need of that immigration that will bring to México

00:34:34.116 --> 00:34:36.995
for material change that Cárdenas wanted.

00:34:37.076 --> 00:34:40.079
There is no cynicism in that, there is no hypocrisy,

00:34:40.540 --> 00:34:50.717
it is a natural process of a Head of State that he thinks
that exile can benefit Mexico and indeed it benefited him.

00:34:59.098 --> 00:35:04.187
They received these Spanish exiles really
as guests, not like people without papers.

00:35:05.105 --> 00:35:08.275
It was not behaving like little sisters of the charity.

00:35:08.400 --> 00:35:15.575
No, it\'s that they had the same idea of a country, of what
a society had to be, both of the Republic and of México.

00:35:16.115 --> 00:35:21.120
Spanish exiles arrive in México not
wanting to be spaniards of Spain´s Franco.

00:35:21.455 --> 00:35:24.917
Franco yes he wanted them as spaniards
nothing but him They were criminals.

00:35:25.334 --> 00:35:30.006
They arrive in México and then they are
Spanish of that Republic that does install itself here.

00:35:33.132 --> 00:35:46.146
The exiles stop being those old people Spanish abusers to
become integral part of the Mexican democratic process.

00:35:46.606 --> 00:35:54.572
Many of them changed their subjects of research
so that it would be beneficial to this country,

00:35:57.658 --> 00:36:03.039
There was an idea of society in which in
some way, and that\'s a legacy,

00:36:03.162 --> 00:36:06.208
that we have inherited the
children of the Spanish exiles.

00:36:06.375 --> 00:36:12.255
That is, for us Spain is important, but it is
not our maternal land, our maternal land is here.

00:36:14.050 --> 00:36:19.764
To me Spain took everything from me, took away
my childhood and México gave me everything I have.

00:36:43.788 --> 00:36:49.208
Cárdenas prefers to stay at a distance of the Soviet Union.

00:36:49.292 --> 00:36:58.427
The greatest proof that he is not an adept of the
Soviet Union it is the recognition of Trotsky\'s asylum.

00:36:58.845 --> 00:37:01.471
And it is a gesture of his humanistic character,

00:37:01.806 --> 00:37:18.531
he simply opened the doors to Trotsky so I could find a
refuge here and could continue to act how he wanted to act.

00:37:22.076 --> 00:37:28.749
Also knowing, and we can not deny it,
that Trotsky received his immediate family

00:37:28.833 --> 00:37:38.257
it did not put México in any danger, it did not create any
conflict beyond hat could be generated in the internal debate.

00:37:38.509 --> 00:37:46.893
The United States was not pleased that the
Cárdenas government gave this man asylum.

00:38:08.287 --> 00:38:16.421
I think he\'s one of the revolutionaries more
complete than there has been in the political struggle.

00:38:17.715 --> 00:38:23.721
At the death of Lenin, it was he who
he faced the counterrevolutionary process.

00:38:24.972 --> 00:38:34.439
In the year 29 he was expelled by Stalin from
Russia and they gave him asylum in Norway,

00:38:34.732 --> 00:38:43.322
a government supposedly socialist, and at that time is
when your friends studied the convenience of a new asylum.

00:38:43.866 --> 00:38:49.328
Initially they thought of the United States
but when a friend of Roosevelt,

00:38:49.539 --> 00:38:53.332
who I was an admirer of my grandfather, he made that request,

00:38:53.543 --> 00:38:59.338
they narrate that Roosevelt he almost
swallowed the cigar\'s mouthpiece.

00:39:00.132 --> 00:39:03.343
And that\'s when you thought of Mexico.

00:39:13.395 --> 00:39:19.358
Diego Rivera, who in his swings and
changes politicians at that time was Trotskyist,

00:39:19.610 --> 00:39:25.364
he agreed to go see Cárdenas in company
of Professor Octavio Fernández.

00:39:25.364 --> 00:39:32.331
With a letter from Múgica they went to Torreón
and Cárdenas after a few minutes of talk with Diego,

00:39:32.790 --> 00:39:34.792
he granted the asylum, without problem.

00:39:34.917 --> 00:39:40.298
Initially he stayed at the Blue House
but then, having political divergences,

00:39:40.380 --> 00:39:43.342
They searched for another site, another house,

00:39:43.884 --> 00:39:52.310
in which we are now, it is to which they
came to file in May, I think, of 1939.

00:40:08.576 --> 00:40:11.037
In fact, the grandfather did
have him great admiration,

00:40:11.162 --> 00:40:14.497
He considered that the Cárdenas
government at that time

00:40:14.874 --> 00:40:21.547
it was one of the most progressive and
anti-imperialists that were on the planet.

00:40:22.256 --> 00:40:26.425
A sine qua non requirement was
that did not interfere in politics,

00:40:26.426 --> 00:40:33.351
and the same grandfather did not consider
it convenient either commit to Cárdenas,

00:40:33.768 --> 00:40:37.897
but yes there were relations with Múgica.

00:40:42.441 --> 00:40:49.533
The asylum to Trotsky also woke up rejection
for example between groups of Communist Party,

00:40:49.659 --> 00:40:56.498
of CTM, by Lombardo Toledano, who was then
the head of the CTM (México Workers Confederetion),

00:40:57.456 --> 00:41:04.423
but the government stood firm knowing
that he was fulfilling a international commitment

00:41:04.463 --> 00:41:09.845
that was attached to the principles
that had been committed to follow.

00:41:10.054 --> 00:41:14.892
He left a file with all the telegrams
that were received in Governance

00:41:15.226 --> 00:41:25.820
of all unions affiliated with the CTM where they asked the
immediate expulsion of the \"traitor and of Hitler\'s agent ...

00:41:27.530 --> 00:41:31.701
an amount huge telegrams.
But Cárdenas was immovable.

00:41:40.499 --> 00:41:46.506
Well, actually I am the last in
having seen Leon Trotsky alive,

00:41:46.506 --> 00:41:51.511
still in the neighboring bedroom
when I was lying on the floor

00:41:51.554 --> 00:41:57.852
totally bloody after having suffered the attack
of the agent of the OGPU (Soviet intelligence agency)

00:42:01.355 --> 00:42:03.941
The murder of Leon Trotsky is not an isolated case,

00:42:04.024 --> 00:42:13.367
but that is the last from a long list of Lenin\'s classmates
that were eliminated by the Stalin dictatorship,

00:42:14.368 --> 00:42:20.540
because to death of the grandfather there
was the slogan of Also delete this place.

00:42:21.541 --> 00:42:32.512
Stalinist elements infiltrated in the government, on several
occasions they tried to evict this house to make a nursery.

00:42:32.762 --> 00:42:37.517
to put some offices, they looked for any pretext

00:42:37.767 --> 00:42:44.315
but fortunately the timely intervention
The General was always throwing him down.

00:42:58.578 --> 00:43:06.253
I believe that this is one of the great
moments of the international asylum policy.

00:43:06.586 --> 00:43:15.805
Trotsky in Mexico is a clear example that
there is a principle of respect to dissident thinking.

00:43:16.806 --> 00:43:21.352
That tolerance does not mean concession.

00:43:21.685 --> 00:43:33.613
Somehow marks a tradition in politics Mexican international
that unfortunately We have lost in an aberrant way.

00:44:16.282 --> 00:44:19.368
There are things that remain; agrarian reform, oil expropriation ...

00:44:19.659 --> 00:44:27.334
because they are culminating facts of a
series of small chains of political evolution

00:44:27.501 --> 00:44:30.670
that marked a lot, but I think that unfortunately

00:44:31.755 --> 00:44:36.676
not you are aware of everything that
happened in México in the 20th century

00:44:37.094 --> 00:44:42.099
and there\'s no awareness of how to
protect it, what is more serious.

00:44:42.474 --> 00:44:44.894
They become impoverished more and more,

00:44:45.060 --> 00:44:51.442
because they do not recognize that of history
that can allow them to grow and develop better,

00:44:51.568 --> 00:44:57.697
what allows them to compare, what allows
them to say \"If this was done then,

00:44:57.698 --> 00:45:04.413
we can do the same and a little more, because
we have something else and we have more resources.

00:45:04.705 --> 00:45:10.711
And that\'s why there are characters of the
time de Cárdenas that are not enough valued;

00:45:11.086 --> 00:45:14.882
Silva Herzog, Gilberto Bosques, Luis I. Rodríguez,

00:45:15.049 --> 00:45:19.596
Fabela ... the General himself Múgica ...

00:45:19.803 --> 00:45:29.729
who were in Congress Constituent ... are images that
have as street héroes, street names or of bronze figures.

00:45:29.813 --> 00:45:39.031
We forget because political propaganda, the media\'s
propaganda ends up obscure and obliterate the past.

00:45:39.406 --> 00:45:43.285
I believe that there has been an intentional policy

00:45:43.743 --> 00:45:52.752
so that the history of the country is not known, so that
I do not get a civic education to children and young people.

00:45:53.753 --> 00:45:58.758
And this means that not only is unknown
what happened from 34 to 40,

00:45:58.758 --> 00:46:02.221
but that neither what happened in 1810,

00:46:02.388 --> 00:46:07.434
and in the Reformation, and in the
Revolution and what are the current problems.

00:46:07.767 --> 00:46:12.314
Real education has been forgotten,
that education to know the history,

00:46:12.856 --> 00:46:17.696
to read what happened in this country,
how is it, What has happened…

00:46:18.112 --> 00:46:22.782
All that has been forgotten because
we are in liberalism, in modernity ...

00:46:35.547 --> 00:46:41.801
I do not think this country is more
democratic now that in the time of Cárdenas.

00:46:41.801 --> 00:46:49.226
I believe that the foundations of democracy they
are in education, they are not in the act of voting.

00:46:50.477 --> 00:46:53.732
And what has not changed in this country, it is more,

00:46:53.813 --> 00:46:58.570
it has changed but for bad it\'s the
educational process, we\'re seeing it now.

00:46:59.069 --> 00:47:06.160
In that sense, for example, these
teachers committed to your reality,

00:47:06.493 --> 00:47:15.587
that one sees them clearly acting in the 30s,
that are driving a new consciousness,

00:47:15.670 --> 00:47:18.715
a revolutionary consciousness, a class consciousness.

00:47:19.173 --> 00:47:23.135
I do not see this in the Secretariat of Public Education now,

00:47:23.720 --> 00:47:31.851
and unfortunately I do not see it
either in the teachers themselves.

00:47:32.852 --> 00:47:40.528
Having accepted to someone as nefarious
as to Jongitud and then to Elba Esther Gordillo

00:47:40.570 --> 00:47:48.077
for me shows clearly how rotten he is
the Mexican educational system.

00:47:48.285 --> 00:47:56.335
We do not have the quality of education what should
we have if they had followed the trends simply.

00:48:07.887 --> 00:48:18.898
Maybe what\'s left is that conscience to act as one should act
regardless of the conveniences junctures of a given moment.

00:48:19.066 --> 00:48:25.072
I believe that there is an ethical attitude,
that is very difficult to grasp,

00:48:25.197 --> 00:48:29.909
to press, but that is transmitted to daily life.

00:48:30.327 --> 00:48:39.419
Why not think that you do not need have so much to do a lot.
Cardenismo has been a wonderful example.

00:48:42.005 --> 00:48:47.136
It was about getting everything for which It had
been fought, it was already in the Constitution.

00:48:47.595 --> 00:48:53.560
But at the moment when many years pass
and the creation is undone,

00:48:54.101 --> 00:48:57.730
when asked - General, still valid the revolution?

00:48:57.814 --> 00:49:05.738
- He answers - yes, because there he is
the Constitution and we have to make it worth-

00:49:06.363 --> 00:49:14.371
There we have a responsibility as citizens
to assert that which was captured.

00:49:20.127 --> 00:49:23.506
He tried to be the most consistent throughout of their life.

00:49:23.882 --> 00:49:31.806
And this even being a system figure, because
he never rose up against the PRI,

00:49:31.971 --> 00:49:40.147
it was institutional because he was
part of the Mexican political institution.

00:50:28.905 --> 00:50:33.032
Why does Cárdenas keep appearing and reappearing?

00:50:33.158 --> 00:50:37.664
Only by ideology?
No, I think that because he was a great builder.

00:50:40.499 --> 00:50:48.047
I speak of a moment in the history of México
and a political figure in that story that has not lost,

00:50:48.465 --> 00:50:51.761
at least historically, its importance

00:50:52.051 --> 00:50:56.724
we have to recognize that the good
thing that remained of cardenismo

00:50:56.891 --> 00:50:59.560
was fundamental for the development of México,

00:50:59.727 --> 00:51:02.061
and that the good that remained of the Cardenismo

00:51:02.061 --> 00:51:06.065
It was the most of Cardenismo and not the least.