WEBVTT

00:00:28.094 --> 00:00:32.999
The gasoline! Bring it down!

00:00:33.867 --> 00:00:36.069
The gasoline!

00:00:43.610 --> 00:00:46.746
Let\'s go down, boys,
go down, go down!

00:00:47.013 --> 00:00:49.449
Let\'s go and help!

00:00:58.892 --> 00:01:02.462
We now turn to Colombia where
President Juan Manuel Santos

00:01:02.562 --> 00:01:04.998
talked yesterday
about the agreement

00:01:05.131 --> 00:01:08.468
that was made between his
government and FARC.

00:01:08.668 --> 00:01:11.571
This peace agreement effectively
begins the process of ending

00:01:11.771 --> 00:01:15.542
the longest armed insurgency
in the history of the Americas

00:01:15.742 --> 00:01:17.844
The Havana Agreement
includes a strategy

00:01:17.844 --> 00:01:19.879
to stop the production of cocaine

00:01:20.013 --> 00:01:22.916
through a voluntary
substitution program,

00:01:23.183 --> 00:01:25.285
but in indigenous territories...

00:01:26.753 --> 00:01:29.722
...and aims for peasants who
work on more than 90.000 hectares

00:01:29.823 --> 00:01:32.692
to participate in
alternative economies.

00:01:32.926 --> 00:01:38.465
The objective is to liberate Colombia
from illicit crops, from coca,

00:01:38.665 --> 00:01:41.067
and from the production
of cocaine.

00:01:41.234 --> 00:01:43.770
It means to work with the people,

00:01:44.003 --> 00:01:46.005
transform the countryside...

00:01:46.172 --> 00:01:49.876
and guarantee basic rights
for rural Colombians.

00:01:50.043 --> 00:01:53.279
It is a bet for Colombia.

00:01:54.814 --> 00:01:58.852
It will mean a big leap

00:01:59.052 --> 00:02:03.022
in access to, and use of land.

00:02:03.289 --> 00:02:06.893
It means to distribute land
to peasants without land,

00:02:07.127 --> 00:02:09.829
or with insufficient land,

00:02:10.130 --> 00:02:14.400
which will allow them
to live in dignity.

00:02:14.767 --> 00:02:19.172
It means to invest in the regions
that were most impacted

00:02:19.305 --> 00:02:23.009
with plans that will
truly generate a shock...

00:02:23.676 --> 00:02:27.213
..so that our countryside
will never again

00:02:27.480 --> 00:02:29.883
be a death-trap for our children.

00:02:32.886 --> 00:02:35.388
In 2016, the guerrilla of FARC-EP

00:02:35.388 --> 00:02:38.791
and the Colombian government
signed a Peace Agreement

00:02:38.958 --> 00:02:42.829
that was to end the longest
armed conflict in Latin America.

00:02:43.029 --> 00:02:45.865
The agreement consisted of 6 chapters
that guaranteed access to land

00:02:45.865 --> 00:02:48.701
for the poorest peasants (chapter 1)

00:02:49.369 --> 00:02:53.573
and the substitution
of illicit crops (chapter 4).

00:02:55.708 --> 00:03:00.013
In the north of Cauca, many peasants
depend on illicit crops,

00:03:00.013 --> 00:03:02.348
which financed the war for decades.

00:03:02.882 --> 00:03:05.351
The agreement promised rural reform,

00:03:05.351 --> 00:03:10.023
the substitution
of coca and marihuana

00:03:10.023 --> 00:03:15.328
and finally end the cycle
of poverty and violence.

00:03:35.315 --> 00:03:38.117
It is not a secret that many peasants
and indigenous households

00:03:38.284 --> 00:03:40.620
depend on coca.

00:03:42.922 --> 00:03:45.158
There are people who don\'t have coca

00:03:45.358 --> 00:03:47.994
and don\'t like to work
with these crops.

00:03:49.095 --> 00:03:55.702
But their children cannot read,
they are lost and bored.

00:03:56.869 --> 00:04:00.206
Their grandchildren as well...
they do not own their own house.

00:04:00.640 --> 00:04:02.842
If you look at some of those houses,

00:04:02.842 --> 00:04:06.446
there may be three
or four families in there.

00:04:07.647 --> 00:04:09.182
For better or for worse,
we don\'t have a choice!

00:04:10.016 --> 00:04:12.285
We almost do not pay
attention to our coffee,

00:04:12.385 --> 00:04:16.022
we are more into our coca,
our marihuana,

00:04:16.022 --> 00:04:19.158
because coffee has its difficulties.

00:04:19.325 --> 00:04:21.894
Sometimes you have to
beg for them to buy it.

00:04:22.495 --> 00:04:24.597
So... that is humiliating!

00:04:26.366 --> 00:04:31.070
And over there, where we have coca,
I have been thinking to grow flowers.

00:04:31.204 --> 00:04:33.139
That\'s my dream.

00:04:33.473 --> 00:04:37.844
But it also means to
look for a market.

00:04:38.044 --> 00:04:39.779
Because just to grow them...

00:04:40.246 --> 00:04:42.348
We have to be
able to sell them.

00:04:42.615 --> 00:04:45.218
And over here is where
I have the marihuana.

00:04:48.588 --> 00:04:54.627
It is going to be very difficult
to change this crop

00:04:54.827 --> 00:04:57.764
and get used
to other crops.

00:04:58.498 --> 00:05:02.402
Because we are used
to these coca plants

00:05:02.735 --> 00:05:04.137
We are used to them

00:05:04.404 --> 00:05:07.140
so it will be difficult...

00:05:09.175 --> 00:05:12.245
..to take them out
and grow something else.

00:05:12.445 --> 00:05:14.447
For more than 30 years
we lived with coca

00:05:14.647 --> 00:05:16.549
and survived on it.

00:05:18.017 --> 00:05:23.589
When they come, we will weigh
and they take it with them.

00:05:24.424 --> 00:05:28.594
Here we have more than 40 pounds,
so that\'s about $60.000 pesos

00:05:28.961 --> 00:05:30.963
$60.000 or $70.000 pesos ($18 USD).

00:05:40.340 --> 00:05:47.113
If you grow one hectare, or half,
that\'s enough to sustain yourself.

00:05:47.747 --> 00:05:51.150
I don\'t have to go anywhere
to bring it or sell it.

00:05:53.319 --> 00:05:55.088
They buy it here.

00:05:55.254 --> 00:05:58.825
So we pick it, we weigh it and sell it.

00:05:59.792 --> 00:06:02.895
And it is something
that has a market.

00:06:03.096 --> 00:06:06.833
What is also important
is when it gets very hot,

00:06:07.100 --> 00:06:10.603
well, they may dry a little bit,
but they always produce.

00:06:10.803 --> 00:06:12.805
It has been very hot
and look how they are.

00:06:13.239 --> 00:06:16.275
Coca always produces.

00:06:25.985 --> 00:06:28.521
When my mum and dad separated...

00:06:30.189 --> 00:06:35.261
..I had to stay with my mum
taking care of the house.

00:06:38.398 --> 00:06:40.700
I had to leave school

00:06:41.567 --> 00:06:43.336
and I started picking coca.

00:06:44.670 --> 00:06:47.240
So we started this coca farm.

00:06:47.540 --> 00:06:50.176
My mum did not
want to grow coca

00:06:50.243 --> 00:06:52.512
because my sister
had already been to jail,

00:06:52.678 --> 00:06:53.880
she got caught.

00:06:54.046 --> 00:06:57.083
But I said, \"What else are we going to do?\"

00:06:58.618 --> 00:07:00.620
So we started this coca farm.

00:07:01.020 --> 00:07:06.426
There was always a big harvest,
so we would pay workers to help.

00:07:06.959 --> 00:07:11.397
And when we were done, I would go
to other farms to pick coca.

00:07:12.298 --> 00:07:14.167
That\'s how people do it here.

00:07:14.867 --> 00:07:18.671
You finish work on your farm,
and you continue with the neighbours.

00:07:19.839 --> 00:07:23.342
That\'s how I did it
since I was nine years old.

00:07:33.085 --> 00:07:38.925
In 2017 the national substitution
program (PNIS) was initiated.

00:07:41.327 --> 00:07:44.397
Coca growing families
were promised six payments

00:07:44.397 --> 00:07:47.467
of $2.000.000 pesos ($540 USD).

00:07:48.034 --> 00:07:51.037
To replace the coca for other crops,

00:07:51.037 --> 00:07:53.840
the PNIS included
technical assistance

00:07:53.840 --> 00:07:59.245
and financial resources
for an agricultural project.

00:08:04.951 --> 00:08:07.320
December 2017.

00:08:08.087 --> 00:08:10.756
The price has been so low,
I was getting a bit lazy.

00:08:13.960 --> 00:08:16.062
I have been avoiding to prepare them.

00:08:18.498 --> 00:08:23.402
But I thought, any of these days
I will have to do it.

00:08:25.004 --> 00:08:27.540
Well, if it was used
to make medicine,

00:08:27.540 --> 00:08:30.109
because you can do a lot with this.

00:08:30.543 --> 00:08:34.580
But when it is just for the other...

00:08:39.886 --> 00:08:43.022
We have signed up
to the substitution program.

00:08:44.123 --> 00:08:50.630
And....we are waiting
for it to start.

00:08:52.632 --> 00:08:54.834
It is a big relief.

00:08:56.802 --> 00:08:59.906
The program will soon start.

00:09:01.941 --> 00:09:06.913
It started on the 22nd of November
for the first inscribers.

00:09:07.246 --> 00:09:10.016
They are now calling
for technical assistance,

00:09:10.016 --> 00:09:12.084
which is planned
for the 13th of this month.

00:09:12.184 --> 00:09:16.522
They will start
with the technical assistance

00:09:16.756 --> 00:09:22.028
for the people
who enrolled in the program

00:09:22.228 --> 00:09:24.964
and substitute their crops.

00:09:26.065 --> 00:09:31.337
There is hope, a lot of hope
that we can do something.

00:09:32.271 --> 00:09:34.507
It is very encouraging because,

00:09:34.807 --> 00:09:39.445
who was there to help me planting
my marihuana and coca?

00:09:39.579 --> 00:09:40.913
I did it all by myself!

00:09:41.847 --> 00:09:48.220
So now we hope that if happens
what never happened before,

00:09:48.421 --> 00:09:50.556
it can really make a difference.

00:10:01.267 --> 00:10:06.939
Before, these territories
were controlled by FARC.

00:10:07.306 --> 00:10:10.042
It was abandoned
by the government...

00:10:10.977 --> 00:10:12.478
..but we did have
a government.

00:10:12.578 --> 00:10:16.582
They told us,
\"You have to grow plantain.\"

00:10:16.816 --> 00:10:19.418
And they would
organise meetings and tell us,

00:10:19.418 --> 00:10:25.124
\"Grow food,
do not rely too much on coca,

00:10:25.124 --> 00:10:30.830
\"grow coffee,
do not abandon your culture.\"

00:10:32.632 --> 00:10:36.702
They were the government
that we never had.

00:10:37.637 --> 00:10:40.272
So we lived with this fear,

00:10:41.207 --> 00:10:43.075
but we knew they were in power.

00:10:43.175 --> 00:10:45.144
They were the government of the poor.

00:10:45.778 --> 00:10:47.580
And we obeyed.

00:10:51.183 --> 00:10:54.353
Here is Cobra, here is Cobra.
How is everything over there?

00:10:56.589 --> 00:11:00.226
When the peace process started
the number of robberies went up.

00:11:01.427 --> 00:11:04.163
We did not know where
they were coming from,

00:11:04.997 --> 00:11:07.500
or if they were coming
from the village.

00:11:09.001 --> 00:11:11.671
A lot of strangers would go up

00:11:11.804 --> 00:11:14.306
to do their damage,
and go down again.

00:11:14.907 --> 00:11:19.912
So that\'s why we started the guard
to regain territorial control.

00:11:20.079 --> 00:11:22.214
How are you, mother in law?
- Good.

00:11:22.348 --> 00:11:24.116
Ah, OK, good to hear.

00:11:27.953 --> 00:11:31.190
I know everyone
by name or alias.

00:11:31.323 --> 00:11:35.695
But I know everyone
because I grew up here.

00:11:35.861 --> 00:11:39.865
I was born and raised here in a place
called Carrisales, up there.

00:11:40.766 --> 00:11:42.835
I liked to play soccer,

00:11:42.835 --> 00:11:46.605
or visit the farms
where we would throw parties.

00:11:46.739 --> 00:11:49.308
I would always join
so that\'s why everybody knows me.

00:11:49.975 --> 00:11:52.545
Everyone knows me
for looking for a good time.

00:11:52.945 --> 00:11:57.416
I like to party, and joke around,
and they joke around with me.

00:12:01.787 --> 00:12:04.256
Brother in law!

00:12:19.438 --> 00:12:23.242
Between 2016 and 2017
more than 14.000 members

00:12:23.242 --> 00:12:25.344
of FARC-EP left their territories.

00:12:25.778 --> 00:12:29.882
With the guerrilla out, peasant
and indigenous organisations

00:12:29.882 --> 00:12:32.918
are trying to recuperate
territorial control.

00:13:22.234 --> 00:13:28.407
FARC would always look out
for everyone.

00:13:28.874 --> 00:13:35.714
That the army or police would not
come in, or criminals or robbers,

00:13:35.714 --> 00:13:41.187
that no one would be fishing here,
or keep livestock without permission.

00:13:42.221 --> 00:13:45.357
So I miss that a little,
because in a way,

00:13:45.357 --> 00:13:49.195
we felt backed up by them, you know?

00:13:49.795 --> 00:13:53.899
Because we could just
leave our animals,

00:13:54.099 --> 00:13:56.435
our farms, and we would say,
\"We have a back up.\"

00:13:56.435 --> 00:13:59.805
And now it is up
to us as an organisation,

00:13:59.805 --> 00:14:06.312
as peasants, to defend
our territory from strangers.

00:14:35.774 --> 00:14:40.279
I have been working with coca
since I was 14 years old,

00:14:40.579 --> 00:14:44.783
when I first arrived
in coca territory.

00:14:46.285 --> 00:14:51.123
And in every place where I worked
since, there was always coca.

00:14:51.523 --> 00:14:54.426
Just as a way to survive,
nothing else.

00:14:57.229 --> 00:15:02.167
Youngsters these days are
smoking a lot of crack cocaine.

00:15:02.635 --> 00:15:06.805
For me it is a source of income,
but for many people,

00:15:06.939 --> 00:15:10.442
rather than send it somewhere else,
they sell it here.

00:15:11.277 --> 00:15:13.879
So we want to be part of that change.

00:15:14.246 --> 00:15:19.718
Because, we have children
and we want to avoid them

00:15:19.718 --> 00:15:23.455
to depend on coca.

00:15:23.622 --> 00:15:27.459
And that\'s what we all want
over here. We want a change.

00:15:27.927 --> 00:15:32.464
Because everything aside,
it\'s doing a lot of damage.

00:15:40.306 --> 00:15:43.742
No, the ones that buy,
they don\'t want to.

00:15:44.109 --> 00:15:47.179
For them it is very good business.

00:15:47.746 --> 00:15:51.951
To be able to export
to other countries is great!

00:15:52.284 --> 00:15:55.087
Not just any poor guy
comes here to buy.

00:15:55.287 --> 00:15:57.423
We are the poor ones!
(LAUGHS)

00:15:57.423 --> 00:16:01.026
And that is why we have to support
the peace agreement.

00:16:01.360 --> 00:16:05.798
Over there you see
several coffee farms

00:16:05.798 --> 00:16:10.135
who have all taken loans,
and they have avocado.

00:16:10.302 --> 00:16:13.405
Whenever we are out of money,
we take some plantain,

00:16:13.505 --> 00:16:17.576
when there is no juice,
we make lemonade from the garden.

00:16:17.743 --> 00:16:20.112
Everything you plant here
will produce.

00:16:20.846 --> 00:16:25.317
So we said, we have to defend
and promote the agreements,

00:16:25.551 --> 00:16:27.086
we said, \"It is our only hope.\"

00:16:27.119 --> 00:16:29.555
It is just a small light
at the end of the tunnel.

00:16:29.755 --> 00:16:31.523
That\'s how we see it.

00:16:33.058 --> 00:16:36.962
Just half a hectare
of Coca and Marihuana

00:16:36.962 --> 00:16:39.398
can sustain a single household.

00:16:39.598 --> 00:16:42.468
To produce the same value
growing coffee,

00:16:42.468 --> 00:16:45.804
one needs at least
three hectares of land.

00:16:45.838 --> 00:16:51.443
The majority of families enrolled
in the Substitution Program

00:16:51.643 --> 00:16:56.215
have less than
half a hectare of land.

00:16:56.749 --> 00:17:01.587
The solution to end with coca
is to distribute land.

00:17:01.954 --> 00:17:04.556
The government should give
land to the peasants,

00:17:04.723 --> 00:17:07.159
to peasants, to indigenous
and to Afrocolombians.

00:17:07.626 --> 00:17:10.863
So that they have enough
to grow some crops.

00:17:12.765 --> 00:17:17.703
So that they can send their children
to a good school or university.

00:17:20.539 --> 00:17:22.875
Since about five years,

00:17:22.875 --> 00:17:27.980
we have been trying
to buy a farm called El Tablón.

00:17:28.247 --> 00:17:30.416
As you can see, it goes
all the way down to Corinto.

00:17:31.083 --> 00:17:34.353
It starts there
with the big trees.

00:17:37.389 --> 00:17:39.558
There is a multinational

00:17:39.558 --> 00:17:42.594
that is growing
medicinal marihuana over there.

00:17:43.062 --> 00:17:47.966
They produce medicinal cannabis and
they are trying to buy the same farm.

00:17:48.167 --> 00:17:49.501
It is a very good piece of land.

00:17:49.701 --> 00:17:54.139
But those who own a lot of land
never want to get rid of it.

00:18:12.458 --> 00:18:14.226
Hey, my boy, how are you doing?

00:18:14.426 --> 00:18:16.462
All good, my son?
- All good!

00:18:26.004 --> 00:18:29.108
Some days there are a lot
of people going up and down.

00:18:31.376 --> 00:18:34.646
When the peace process began,
that was just pure happiness.

00:18:34.947 --> 00:18:39.384
We would get home
and everything was quiet.

00:18:39.885 --> 00:18:42.921
The kids could go
to the village by themselves,

00:18:43.255 --> 00:18:47.326
and there was no fear
to be shot on the way,

00:18:47.326 --> 00:18:49.628
that they could bomb
you at any moment,

00:18:49.628 --> 00:18:51.163
nothing like that.

00:18:54.399 --> 00:19:00.706
So that was just beautiful.
We had a few very nice months.

00:19:06.111 --> 00:19:08.313
The Cauca is turning
into a battleground

00:19:08.313 --> 00:19:09.915
over control of trafficking

00:19:10.115 --> 00:19:12.951
and the production of cocaine,
that is sold to drug cartels.

00:19:13.185 --> 00:19:16.522
The armed groups\' strategy is to
deepen the crisis in governability

00:19:16.655 --> 00:19:19.458
to take control over the province
in the long run.

00:19:19.758 --> 00:19:23.695
According to intelligence agencies,
there are more than 500 men in arms.

00:19:29.701 --> 00:19:32.638
If before it was horrible,
now it\'s terrible

00:19:32.738 --> 00:19:35.107
because there is no
longer any trust.

00:19:35.974 --> 00:19:38.777
What\'s coming now is a complete
distrust of anything and anyone.

00:19:39.311 --> 00:19:43.949
They disappointed us
with the peace agreement,

00:19:43.949 --> 00:19:46.985
and what\'s coming now is a war.

00:19:48.153 --> 00:19:49.288
A war

00:19:49.454 --> 00:19:55.327
in which the same ones will die
as in the war we had before.

00:19:58.564 --> 00:20:02.401
A message was released that talked
about more than 18 groups,

00:20:02.401 --> 00:20:06.238
and 28 groups nationally

00:20:06.238 --> 00:20:09.107
that occupied the region
where FARC used to be.

00:20:09.474 --> 00:20:11.543
And they are groups
that have no idea,

00:20:11.543 --> 00:20:13.111
they have no clear political ideology.

00:20:13.478 --> 00:20:17.549
So, this peace
no longer works for us,

00:20:18.016 --> 00:20:20.485
because these people
come with other ideals,

00:20:20.719 --> 00:20:23.922
they come here to defend
a territory with narcotraffic.

00:20:24.389 --> 00:20:27.226
With illegal mining,
they are getting richer,

00:20:27.226 --> 00:20:29.895
and they don\'t care about
getting in the way of anybody.

00:20:29.995 --> 00:20:31.563
If they have to kill,
they will kill.

00:20:31.597 --> 00:20:35.601
If they have to kill social leaders,
or whoever, they will kill anyone.

00:20:36.068 --> 00:20:39.238
President Santos only cared
about the Nobel prize

00:20:39.471 --> 00:20:42.274
and leaving the country
without guerrilla,

00:20:42.274 --> 00:20:44.476
but filled with other groups.

00:20:47.112 --> 00:20:49.748
Our fence is looking good,
isn\'t it, Saulito?

00:20:50.983 --> 00:20:53.151
I have to fix something there.

00:20:53.318 --> 00:20:55.354
- But we have no metre,
we need a metre.

00:20:56.188 --> 00:20:57.556
And who has the metre?

00:21:47.005 --> 00:21:48.707
We are military objectives.

00:21:49.908 --> 00:21:52.477
I am a social leader.

00:21:54.046 --> 00:21:56.481
In 2015 I participated
in a big meeting

00:21:56.481 --> 00:21:58.617
where I needed to tell the truth.

00:21:58.750 --> 00:22:02.220
There were armed groups and we did
not agree with those groups.

00:22:03.322 --> 00:22:07.826
As a result we received threats,
and I was taken hostage.

00:22:09.494 --> 00:22:11.563
If I do not have two armed guards,
and a bulletproof vest,

00:22:11.563 --> 00:22:15.567
and a blinded car, I wouldn\'t
be able to go anywhere.

00:22:20.205 --> 00:22:22.040
It has been tense.

00:22:22.107 --> 00:22:26.645
It has been very tense, because FARC
at least had an ideology.

00:22:26.878 --> 00:22:29.614
And still, so many
ugly things happened,

00:22:29.614 --> 00:22:31.983
we suffered the war so much.

00:22:32.818 --> 00:22:39.624
So hearing and feeling this tension,
knowing that people are rearming,

00:22:39.624 --> 00:22:43.795
it makes you think,
\"Where is this heading?\"

00:22:45.297 --> 00:22:50.001
Of the 1325 families enrolled
in the PNIS in Miranda,

00:22:50.001 --> 00:22:55.240
just 20% received the first payment
after eradicating.

00:22:56.341 --> 00:23:02.481
None of the families have been
visited by the technical assistance.

00:23:03.582 --> 00:23:07.519
Iván Duque insisted that he
would not end the peace agreement,

00:23:07.719 --> 00:23:09.588
but it will have corrections.

00:23:09.654 --> 00:23:15.160
Ivan Duque, 10.373.080 votes...

00:23:15.260 --> 00:23:20.165
..and today Iván Duque Márquez is
the new president elect of Colombia

00:23:23.101 --> 00:23:29.674
They programmed the second payment
for the 26th.

00:23:30.475 --> 00:23:33.345
But it was delayed because
the technical assistance

00:23:33.345 --> 00:23:36.915
had not arrived yet, and because
they had not verified

00:23:37.015 --> 00:23:39.818
to see if we had really
removed all our coca,

00:23:39.985 --> 00:23:41.753
and that we are sticking
to the agreement.

00:23:41.987 --> 00:23:44.790
So they delayed us, and up
to now we have been like this.

00:23:44.923 --> 00:23:48.593
We have no idea when the next
payment will arrive.

00:23:50.762 --> 00:23:54.399
After eradicating their coca,

00:23:54.699 --> 00:23:59.004
Sandra and Albeiro\'s family have
waited more than four months

00:23:59.004 --> 00:24:01.139
on the second payment.

00:24:14.419 --> 00:24:18.390
We are in trouble, because
we removed all of our trees.

00:24:18.590 --> 00:24:23.161
How do we buy food,
or things for the children?

00:24:23.261 --> 00:24:26.064
We don\'t know where
to get it from.

00:24:30.836 --> 00:24:33.505
Well, perhaps it has been
difficult for them,

00:24:33.505 --> 00:24:35.874
but how much do they really know?

00:24:36.107 --> 00:24:39.778
It is not as chaotic as it is
for their dad and for me.

00:24:39.911 --> 00:24:43.682
We are always pushing
and pushing.

00:24:43.815 --> 00:24:46.918
But not our children,
they are...

00:25:03.201 --> 00:25:07.539
The most difficult is that
the government came to offer us money

00:25:07.539 --> 00:25:10.976
but up to now
we haven\'t seen anything.

00:25:12.577 --> 00:25:16.348
The 23rd of January,
they were supposed to pay,

00:25:16.581 --> 00:25:19.885
and by now we should have been
visited by the technical assistance.

00:25:23.188 --> 00:25:26.258
In the meantime, we struggle.

00:25:26.391 --> 00:25:28.026
Little by little
I am planting coffee,

00:25:28.193 --> 00:25:30.829
but nothing can replace coca.

00:25:32.230 --> 00:25:34.466
The price may go down,
or whatever,

00:25:34.566 --> 00:25:37.335
but every three months
it gives you some cash,

00:25:37.802 --> 00:25:42.407
however little it may be,
we could always save up.

00:25:42.607 --> 00:25:47.045
But not coffee. It gives you
barely enough to eat,

00:25:47.245 --> 00:25:50.415
and you still have to work in other
places to earn enough to get by.

00:25:55.487 --> 00:25:57.389
They did not fulfill
their promise to FARC,

00:25:57.722 --> 00:25:59.524
and they will not keep
their promise with us.

00:26:00.725 --> 00:26:06.565
The government focused on Chapter 4,
which deals with illicit crops.

00:26:07.766 --> 00:26:12.103
But they have not touched Chapter 1
that deals with land reform.

00:26:12.604 --> 00:26:16.775
They should have
started with Chapter 1.

00:26:18.310 --> 00:26:21.880
If they do not keep their promise,
we will be forced to go back to coca.

00:26:25.984 --> 00:26:31.790
The Colombian government
has broken so many promises,

00:26:32.824 --> 00:26:36.328
has told us so many lies,
it has generated so many false hopes,

00:26:36.394 --> 00:26:38.063
the people just don\'t
believe it any more.

00:26:39.230 --> 00:26:43.735
The payments were supposed
to happen every two months,

00:26:44.669 --> 00:26:49.207
and today it is six months,
and they only made one payment.

00:26:49.608 --> 00:26:51.776
We hope that they
will keep their word

00:26:51.776 --> 00:26:54.579
but people do no longer
believe in them.

00:26:56.114 --> 00:26:57.415
I will tell you the truth,

00:26:57.415 --> 00:27:00.418
it has been difficult for everyone
to get rid of their coca,

00:27:00.418 --> 00:27:05.557
because even though it is illicit,

00:27:05.557 --> 00:27:09.327
we do not look at it like that.

00:27:09.394 --> 00:27:12.998
It is our daily sustenance.

00:27:13.598 --> 00:27:20.105
With this we have been able to buy
medicine that are not covered.

00:27:21.339 --> 00:27:23.708
We have bought our clothes with this.

00:27:24.509 --> 00:27:30.415
And now, without our trees,
everything is gone,

00:27:30.415 --> 00:27:33.118
there is no money
for agricultural projects,

00:27:33.551 --> 00:27:35.487
the technical assistance
does not arrive.

00:27:36.021 --> 00:27:37.822
The government promised to help,

00:27:37.822 --> 00:27:41.126
to implement projects,
but today there is nothing.

00:27:41.126 --> 00:27:43.461
Everyone got rid
of their coca in December.

00:27:44.029 --> 00:27:47.032
People are going to go hungry here

00:27:47.232 --> 00:27:49.200
and I don\'t know what will happen.

00:27:51.469 --> 00:27:55.106
The government is not carrying
out the peace agreements,

00:27:55.106 --> 00:28:01.146
and the guarantor countries
are doing nothing about it.

00:28:03.815 --> 00:28:08.887
After having suffered the war
so much, they could at least say,

00:28:08.987 --> 00:28:11.056
\"They don\'t have roads

00:28:11.056 --> 00:28:14.359
\"so let\'s give them something
to remember us.\"

00:28:14.559 --> 00:28:17.495
Or what they need there is money
for agricultural projects!

00:28:17.595 --> 00:28:21.866
We thought, maybe this peace process
would bring something good.

00:28:22.233 --> 00:28:26.805
We will have different crops,
help from other countries...

00:28:27.272 --> 00:28:32.777
But they said, \"We love you all
but we have nothing to give.\"

00:28:32.944 --> 00:28:36.448
Having suffered the war so much,
and now to realise that...

00:28:36.614 --> 00:28:38.149
No, nothing will happen.

00:28:38.349 --> 00:28:40.885
Just a few small jobs
for several community leaders,

00:28:41.019 --> 00:28:44.222
That they did do,
but any investment..?

00:28:44.389 --> 00:28:48.927
Everyone comes here telling us
that they want to make workshops.

00:28:49.060 --> 00:28:53.164
Last week we had five of them,
meetings with them or the other,

00:28:53.264 --> 00:28:56.201
but it is all chit-chat,
nothing concrete.

00:28:56.367 --> 00:29:00.205
They bring inspectors,
people working on peace building,

00:29:00.305 --> 00:29:03.074
they want to talk about peace,
let\'s talk about peace,

00:29:03.174 --> 00:29:04.743
all sorts of things!

00:29:05.043 --> 00:29:08.113
But to tell us what you need is...

00:29:08.279 --> 00:29:10.582
Let\'s carry out a development
plan for the region?

00:29:10.749 --> 00:29:12.717
Nothing. Nothing like that.

00:29:18.423 --> 00:29:23.461
More than one year after enrolling
in the substitution program,

00:29:23.628 --> 00:29:27.899
Briceida and Leider
still have their coca crops.

00:29:28.366 --> 00:29:30.401
The new government of president Duque

00:29:30.401 --> 00:29:34.739
informs that there are no
sufficient resources available

00:29:34.739 --> 00:29:39.110
to finance the substitution program.

00:29:45.483 --> 00:29:47.385
AUGUST 2018

00:29:47.385 --> 00:29:49.821
Two former members of FARC-EP

00:29:49.821 --> 00:29:52.190
were assassinated close
to a reintegration camp.

00:29:52.323 --> 00:29:55.627
A sign of the Paramilitary AUC
was left behind.

00:29:55.794 --> 00:29:57.695
So this is the welcome we get.

00:29:57.962 --> 00:30:01.566
At 300 metres,
they murdered our colleagues.

00:30:02.100 --> 00:30:04.903
So there is a correlation here,

00:30:04.903 --> 00:30:09.607
or they want to send
a message to intimidate us.

00:30:10.108 --> 00:30:14.512
Or they are letting
all former guerrilla know

00:30:14.512 --> 00:30:17.982
that this is what awaits us
from here on.

00:30:17.982 --> 00:30:19.984
There were already some people here,

00:30:19.984 --> 00:30:22.153
they had already cleared some
of the bamboo

00:30:22.487 --> 00:30:28.960
and got to the place where they found
the bodies of two youngsters.

00:30:29.527 --> 00:30:33.097
There were bullet shells
lying around.

00:30:33.965 --> 00:30:40.405
The first body was face down
and was tortured.

00:30:42.473 --> 00:30:44.776
This zone is controlled by the army.

00:30:45.243 --> 00:30:49.447
So, I don\'t understand how
they allow this to happen,

00:30:49.447 --> 00:30:51.482
to have a sign put up like that.

00:30:52.617 --> 00:30:54.118
And did they call the family?

00:30:54.185 --> 00:30:57.422
- Yes, but because it was
a violent murder,

00:30:57.422 --> 00:31:00.458
there are protocols to follow.

00:31:03.294 --> 00:31:08.199
Now we see the desolation,
the displacement,

00:31:08.199 --> 00:31:11.135
we are seeing
the death threats again.

00:31:12.804 --> 00:31:14.606
It is worrying that
in such a short time

00:31:14.806 --> 00:31:17.542
we are already seeing these
things coming back.

00:31:19.377 --> 00:31:23.615
It\'s not a secret
that since the new president

00:31:23.915 --> 00:31:26.184
Iván Duque took over the mandate,

00:31:26.184 --> 00:31:30.255
there have been more
assassinations of leaders,

00:31:30.989 --> 00:31:33.324
more assassinations
of former guerrilla,

00:31:33.791 --> 00:31:37.161
of indigenous colleagues,
death threats,

00:31:37.161 --> 00:31:40.965
more extortion, pamphlets.

00:31:41.299 --> 00:31:45.003
It is a form of pressure
to terrorise everyone around here.

00:32:28.513 --> 00:32:33.284
Of course, I got scared,
I got very scared.

00:32:39.190 --> 00:32:41.392
Friday 22nd, I think it was?

00:32:45.296 --> 00:32:47.565
Briceida was in the house
with the kids.

00:32:48.566 --> 00:32:54.605
When I arrived to the house,
I left the motorbike outside.

00:32:55.640 --> 00:32:57.442
So I organised the motorbike,

00:32:58.343 --> 00:33:01.312
and the dogs were outside,
next to the house.

00:33:01.446 --> 00:33:06.517
And when I was about
to enter the house,

00:33:06.517 --> 00:33:11.589
the dogs barked
and were biting someone.

00:33:12.056 --> 00:33:17.996
Briceida was inside, and she
signaled for me to come in.

00:33:18.463 --> 00:33:20.164
That there were people in the back.

00:33:20.365 --> 00:33:24.335
They were armed,
all three with pistols.

00:33:25.003 --> 00:33:26.637
So she closed the window

00:33:26.637 --> 00:33:28.806
and went to the living room
to get the kids.

00:33:30.508 --> 00:33:34.746
In that moment my wife
sees one of them and asks,

00:33:34.912 --> 00:33:37.115
\"What are you doing here,
what are you doing here?\"

00:33:37.949 --> 00:33:42.553
The guy did not say anything,
he just looked at her.

00:33:42.553 --> 00:33:47.592
He looked at her with his hands
on his back, like this.

00:33:48.126 --> 00:33:50.261
To see three armed men,
dressed in black,

00:33:50.261 --> 00:33:51.896
at the back of the house...

00:33:52.163 --> 00:33:54.432
I thought the worst!

00:33:55.400 --> 00:34:02.106
We had to leave our house and look
for another place where we could stay

00:34:02.407 --> 00:34:06.844
and protect our family and ourselves.

00:34:08.246 --> 00:34:12.383
This is the room where we stay
with the entire family.

00:34:18.122 --> 00:34:23.261
We sleep on those mattresses,
this is where we are...

00:34:24.595 --> 00:34:26.697
That\'s our bed,
the mats are borrowed,

00:34:26.697 --> 00:34:30.735
that\'s where we have our television.

00:34:32.670 --> 00:34:39.277
Here we have some clothes that
we managed to bring from the house,

00:34:39.444 --> 00:34:43.714
and this is where we sleep
with the entire family.

00:34:44.315 --> 00:34:47.118
These are the conditions
in which we live.

00:34:47.785 --> 00:34:54.725
I do not lose faith, because
with the help of the people...

00:34:56.427 --> 00:34:58.830
..you know,
they signed some agreements,

00:34:58.830 --> 00:35:01.232
and everyone sat back and relaxed.

00:35:01.432 --> 00:35:04.469
\"Peace has been signed,
so everything is OK now.\"

00:35:04.802 --> 00:35:07.105
But what was signed
were just agreements.

00:35:07.939 --> 00:35:10.208
They signed an agreement,
they did not sign peace.

00:35:10.274 --> 00:35:12.176
We still have to build peace.

00:35:13.978 --> 00:35:17.815
And all the governments
that signed the agreements,

00:35:18.116 --> 00:35:24.989
and all future governments
should abide by the agreements.

00:35:25.623 --> 00:35:29.760
When we were in wartime, we knew
that there was FARC and the military,

00:35:29.861 --> 00:35:33.464
but now, everything is mixed up.

00:35:33.831 --> 00:35:38.803
In the midst of everything,
we no longer know who is who.

00:35:39.103 --> 00:35:41.339
So you may be an objective
from one side,

00:35:41.606 --> 00:35:46.511
or the other,
we are mixed up in the middle.

00:35:47.111 --> 00:35:50.615
So that\'s why we had
to leave the community.

00:35:50.915 --> 00:35:53.951
Nevertheless, we continue to
contribute and help the process.

00:35:54.519 --> 00:35:57.955
The day before yesterday,
I was in Corinto,

00:35:58.055 --> 00:35:59.524
yesterday in Caloto,

00:35:59.757 --> 00:36:03.895
I continue with my community work,
just like my wife.

00:36:04.629 --> 00:36:09.233
And we look after the kids,
and try to do the best we can.

00:37:06.257 --> 00:37:12.597
These are exercises in French.

00:37:12.997 --> 00:37:19.937
Because the idea is to get
to Canada and ask for asylum.

00:37:21.072 --> 00:37:27.578
Two years ago, we made
a petition to the embassy.

00:37:28.679 --> 00:37:31.282
But we have not heard
from them yet.

00:37:31.983 --> 00:37:37.021
They say that Colombia is
in the middle of a peace process,

00:37:37.021 --> 00:37:39.123
and supposedly is in peace.

00:37:39.323 --> 00:37:42.226
So they give priority
to other countries

00:37:42.226 --> 00:37:45.596
like Venezuela or others
that are in war.

00:37:48.899 --> 00:37:50.067
You never know.

00:37:50.201 --> 00:37:54.205
This weekend they killed a man

00:37:54.205 --> 00:37:59.076
who lived with his wife and child.

00:38:00.044 --> 00:38:01.879
They came from a trip or something,

00:38:02.046 --> 00:38:03.714
and when they got to the house,
their car was stopped

00:38:03.881 --> 00:38:06.584
and they did not care
that his wife was there,

00:38:06.584 --> 00:38:08.919
and their child,
and they killed all three of them.

00:38:11.922 --> 00:38:18.696
So, when these things happen,
we wonder when it will happen to us.

00:38:18.963 --> 00:38:22.566
There are times when we go
with him on a trip, with the kids,

00:38:22.633 --> 00:38:27.138
and I leave with my heart in
my throat because we never know

00:38:27.305 --> 00:38:30.908
in what moment
they may attack him.

00:38:32.910 --> 00:38:39.583
So, we live with this constant fear
that something may happen.

00:38:42.953 --> 00:38:44.955
I know it is going to be difficult.

00:38:46.023 --> 00:38:50.695
But to know that we will have some
tranquility that we do not have here,

00:38:50.761 --> 00:38:57.435
is what helps us
to continue in this process.

00:38:58.402 --> 00:39:00.338
It\'s the only option I have.

00:39:01.005 --> 00:39:03.007
It\'s the only option I have.

00:39:03.774 --> 00:39:05.509
Mm-hm.

00:39:11.882 --> 00:39:13.617
Well, I was broke.

00:39:13.818 --> 00:39:16.687
I needed to change the oil of
my motorbike and things like that.

00:39:17.188 --> 00:39:21.726
So I got a pig\'s head,
to make stuffed pig\'s head.

00:39:22.526 --> 00:39:26.831
So I prepared it,
that was the 18th.

00:39:27.598 --> 00:39:32.203
The 19th, I went to sell it to some
people to whom I had offered it.

00:39:32.703 --> 00:39:37.108
So I got to the village
and sold it in the afternoon.

00:39:37.641 --> 00:39:39.510
I got together with a friend,

00:39:39.510 --> 00:39:42.313
and we talked
by the side of the road.

00:39:42.480 --> 00:39:44.548
We sat down in a bar in Corinto.

00:39:45.483 --> 00:39:49.954
When...I felt my leg shake,
it was shaking heavily.

00:39:50.087 --> 00:39:53.724
So I got nervous,
I thought, \"What is happening?\"

00:39:54.225 --> 00:39:57.561
When two motors passed,
with two guys in jackets and helmets.

00:39:57.862 --> 00:40:02.299
It was about 10
or a quarter passed six.

00:40:02.600 --> 00:40:05.536
They passed me and I realised
that I was scared.

00:40:05.803 --> 00:40:08.038
I just felt this fear.

00:40:08.472 --> 00:40:10.274
So I followed them carefully.

00:40:10.408 --> 00:40:12.743
So I waited a short moment,
turned around

00:40:12.943 --> 00:40:15.112
and I saw they went up
and turned around as well.

00:40:15.479 --> 00:40:21.485
I admit I was nervous.
So I left down the hill,

00:40:22.086 --> 00:40:25.523
to go to my daughter\'s house
where she lives with her mother.

00:40:25.723 --> 00:40:28.926
So I went to bring them
the pig\'s head,

00:40:28.926 --> 00:40:33.764
and their neighbours, when I saw
that they were speeding up,

00:40:33.964 --> 00:40:37.935
my heart rushed and I got scared.

00:40:38.269 --> 00:40:40.938
When they blocked my motor and got
a weapon out, and pointed it to me.

00:40:41.205 --> 00:40:42.506
Like, from here to where you are.

00:40:43.007 --> 00:40:44.508
\"Eh! What happened!? What\'s wrong!?\"

00:40:44.575 --> 00:40:48.979
And another motor arrived and stopped
and they put a gun right in my face.

00:40:49.914 --> 00:40:51.882
They put a gun in my face and told me

00:40:51.882 --> 00:40:54.118
to stop messing around
with that farm,

00:40:54.118 --> 00:40:56.487
that I should not fight
for what is not mine.

00:40:56.487 --> 00:41:00.658
That I am a son of a bitch...
and more things like that!

00:41:00.658 --> 00:41:03.427
So, I said, \"They are going
to kill me right here.\"

00:41:03.427 --> 00:41:07.765
\"You should listen if you don\'t want
to get killed, son of a bitch!\"

00:41:08.165 --> 00:41:10.100
And they hit me here.

00:41:10.568 --> 00:41:12.536
And I said,
\"If you are going to kill me,

00:41:12.536 --> 00:41:13.737
\"do it right here and now!

00:41:14.205 --> 00:41:16.340
\"Because I will not leave
the community behind.\"

00:41:16.440 --> 00:41:19.109
I am not stealing nothing
from nobody.

00:41:19.477 --> 00:41:23.247
So one of them said,
\"The 20 hectares have been sold.

00:41:23.481 --> 00:41:26.917
\"Don\'t fight any longer for those
20 hectares, they are sold.\"

00:41:27.485 --> 00:41:30.788
And he repeated it several times,
when I realised

00:41:31.055 --> 00:41:34.325
that he was talking about the farm
El Tablón.

00:41:45.669 --> 00:41:49.940
Do you remember what is in
the agreement about illicit crops?

00:41:50.441 --> 00:41:52.743
What was agreed upon and
signed into the agreements?

00:41:55.179 --> 00:41:58.883
Listen, to find a definitive solution
to the problem of illicit drugs

00:41:58.983 --> 00:42:01.886
it is necessary to build
a durable and stable peace.

00:42:02.019 --> 00:42:04.788
This agreement aims
for a differentiated treatment

00:42:04.788 --> 00:42:06.757
to this problem,

00:42:06.924 --> 00:42:11.195
promoting the voluntary
substitution of crops

00:42:11.195 --> 00:42:14.031
and the transformation
of the affected territories.

00:42:14.031 --> 00:42:17.101
So, that is where they
broke their promise.

00:42:17.334 --> 00:42:18.903
What are they saying now?

00:42:19.203 --> 00:42:22.540
They want to fumigate,
they want to eradicate...

00:42:22.806 --> 00:42:24.909
They want to use glyphosate

00:42:25.075 --> 00:42:29.847
because the number of
coca plantations has tripled...

00:42:30.381 --> 00:42:33.884
And that is not a lie. But!

00:42:34.218 --> 00:42:35.753
Why did they triple?

00:42:35.920 --> 00:42:37.321
Because they did not keep their word.

00:42:37.454 --> 00:42:39.523
Had they implemented the agreement,

00:42:39.523 --> 00:42:42.960
today those with illicit crops
would not have had any excuse.

00:42:43.260 --> 00:42:47.231
We want the implementation
or the agreements, now!

00:42:47.565 --> 00:42:51.135
Without tricks, or jokes,
and without modifications.

00:42:51.936 --> 00:42:57.675
So, considering the situation
in our region and the nation,

00:42:57.675 --> 00:43:02.346
they decided to start
actions on Sunday, OK?

00:43:02.880 --> 00:43:08.752
So we assume that in the meantime
we get prepared, and gather food,

00:43:09.086 --> 00:43:13.457
so that there are vegetables,
that we save up rice,

00:43:13.924 --> 00:43:17.161
in other words,
so that we have enough

00:43:17.161 --> 00:43:19.163
for a strike until December.

00:43:34.178 --> 00:43:36.280
Peasants,
Indigenous and Afrocolombians

00:43:36.280 --> 00:43:38.115
from all over the country
decide to organise

00:43:38.115 --> 00:43:39.350
a national strike (La Minga)

00:43:39.350 --> 00:43:43.187
to pressure the government
to implement the peace agreements.

00:43:43.487 --> 00:43:47.324
In the Cauca, the communities aim
to block the PanAmerican Highway

00:43:47.458 --> 00:43:50.327
that connects Colombia with Ecuador.

00:43:50.461 --> 00:43:54.031
The objective is to block the road
until President Iván Duque arrives

00:43:54.164 --> 00:43:58.035
to dialogue with the communities.

00:44:05.943 --> 00:44:08.912
MARCH 2019

00:44:36.407 --> 00:44:41.078
We believed in the peace process.

00:44:42.379 --> 00:44:49.186
And we see the commitment of FARC
that is participating in everything,

00:44:49.186 --> 00:44:52.256
but the government is
not keeping its word.

00:44:52.623 --> 00:44:58.862
So this is to let the government
know that we want peace,

00:44:59.029 --> 00:45:01.965
the indigenous, the rural people,
we want peace.

00:45:02.232 --> 00:45:04.935
We don\'t want to continue in war.

00:47:07.758 --> 00:47:10.394
You never know
if you will return safely.

00:47:10.394 --> 00:47:13.630
We know what repression is like.

00:47:13.630 --> 00:47:18.936
To claim your rights always results
in repression in Colombia.

00:47:19.603 --> 00:47:22.439
They use all their tools
to oppress the people,

00:47:22.806 --> 00:47:25.943
even though the people have
every reason to be angry.

00:48:26.803 --> 00:48:31.708
The peasants from Corinto and Miranda
travel more than 120km to Cajibío,

00:48:31.909 --> 00:48:36.713
where they join other peasant
and community organisations.

00:50:42.439 --> 00:50:44.341
They are shooting!

00:50:54.718 --> 00:50:57.687
Let\'s go, guys! Let\'s go down there.

00:51:01.525 --> 00:51:06.830
Remember what we said yesterday,
do not separate from each other.

00:51:11.868 --> 00:51:15.939
The food is more important!
The plastic we will recuperate!

00:51:28.785 --> 00:51:30.787
Wrap it up, wrap it up.

00:51:31.621 --> 00:51:33.523
The food, guys!

00:51:33.957 --> 00:51:37.761
This is part of the job!
It\'s part of the job!

00:51:38.195 --> 00:51:40.697
Let\'s go, let\'s go guys!

00:52:22.506 --> 00:52:26.376
We have organised with different
communities and social sectors

00:52:26.643 --> 00:52:29.246
in different provinces
throughout the country

00:52:29.479 --> 00:52:31.548
and we are demanding
the implementation

00:52:31.548 --> 00:52:32.616
of the peace agreement.

00:52:32.616 --> 00:52:36.386
The riot police made a charge
against the communities

00:52:36.820 --> 00:52:40.824
who are peacefully organised
in el Caíro, Cajibío.

00:52:41.258 --> 00:52:44.861
At this moment, confrontations
with the security forces continue.

00:53:13.123 --> 00:53:15.859
Regardless,
we continue our resistance,

00:53:16.259 --> 00:53:20.463
and we are demanding
the presence of president Duque,

00:53:20.830 --> 00:53:24.935
so that he comes and listens
to the communities

00:53:25.235 --> 00:53:29.806
that are organised,
and have a dialogue.

00:53:29.940 --> 00:53:32.542
We will stay here
for as long...

00:53:38.615 --> 00:53:40.951
- Let\'s go, let\'s go, guys!
Come up, come up!

00:53:41.284 --> 00:53:43.386
- Hurry up, hurry up!

00:53:57.601 --> 00:53:59.603
Our indigenous colleagues
are in El Pital.

00:54:00.003 --> 00:54:03.740
On the first day of the strike
13 were injured,

00:54:03.873 --> 00:54:07.844
one of them, a minor,
was hit by a firearm.

00:54:08.245 --> 00:54:12.215
There are three people
injured by firearms.

00:54:12.582 --> 00:54:14.918
In the three sites...

00:54:33.436 --> 00:54:38.008
- What are we, peasants?
Strong!

00:54:38.975 --> 00:54:41.311
- Let\'s go, guys!

00:54:50.520 --> 00:54:56.126
Every single one of us knows
what we sacrificed to be here.

00:54:57.360 --> 00:55:02.699
Each and every one of us
carries the weight

00:55:02.699 --> 00:55:06.603
to represent our families,

00:55:06.803 --> 00:55:13.243
to represent our communities,
and to represent our people.

00:55:15.779 --> 00:55:18.515
We cannot avoid them to hurt us.

00:55:18.882 --> 00:55:22.385
But I swear,
if we maintain our positions,

00:55:22.385 --> 00:55:26.723
sooner or later, the government
will start to negotiate with us.

00:55:26.723 --> 00:55:29.359
Don\'t doubt it!

00:55:29.359 --> 00:55:35.365
With our chest up, let\'s fight!
Don\'t lose faith!

00:55:35.498 --> 00:55:38.201
Together!
We have social organisations,

00:55:38.201 --> 00:55:41.438
peasants, afros,
together we will stand!

00:55:41.604 --> 00:55:43.473
Let\'s go, guys, let\'s go!

00:55:47.644 --> 00:55:49.346
- OK, listen up everyone...

00:55:50.780 --> 00:55:55.318
During the first week of La Minga
more than 15.000 indigenous,

00:55:55.485 --> 00:55:57.554
peasants and Afrocolombians
join to demand

00:55:57.554 --> 00:55:59.022
the implementation
of the Peace Agreements.

00:55:59.255 --> 00:56:04.427
The PanAmerican Highway remains
closed with multiple blockades.

00:56:09.032 --> 00:56:11.234
After the charge by the riot police,

00:56:11.234 --> 00:56:13.436
the peasants decide
to move further away

00:56:13.603 --> 00:56:16.473
from the PanAmerican Highway.

00:56:17.140 --> 00:56:21.244
Yesterday the riot police and army...

00:56:21.277 --> 00:56:23.380
- Damn!
- ..intervened in El Patico.

00:56:23.580 --> 00:56:27.951
The report from the communities
is that there are three injured.

00:56:28.284 --> 00:56:33.123
The report from the army is that
there is one soldier injured

00:56:33.323 --> 00:56:37.360
after an attack with a machete,
and one soldier kidnapped.

00:56:58.481 --> 00:57:00.683
Give me a cup, please.

00:57:02.886 --> 00:57:06.322
Everything we managed
has been the result of struggle.

00:57:07.056 --> 00:57:11.861
The government never told us,
\"Let\'s think about the peasants.

00:57:12.495 --> 00:57:13.630
\"Let\'s give them a call,

00:57:13.696 --> 00:57:15.432
\"let\'s give them some land,

00:57:15.432 --> 00:57:19.602
\"or a farm.
Let\'s get this law in place.\"

00:57:19.936 --> 00:57:21.538
No, we had to fight
for everything.

00:57:24.274 --> 00:57:29.379
We want the president to come here,
to touch ground in Cauca.

00:57:29.712 --> 00:57:31.781
We will continue this strike

00:57:31.781 --> 00:57:37.520
until the government starts
keeping its promise.

00:57:41.057 --> 00:57:43.426
What day was that?
The day it rained?

00:57:43.560 --> 00:57:47.630
- The first or second day?
- The first.

00:58:20.196 --> 00:58:22.065
So what we are saying is,

00:58:22.065 --> 00:58:25.935
let\'s leave our territories,
let\'s get together.

00:58:26.102 --> 00:58:28.671
Join all these experiences
of injustice,

00:58:28.671 --> 00:58:31.641
join that resistance,
and send it out.

00:58:33.643 --> 00:58:35.245
- We will stay on the road!

00:58:35.478 --> 00:58:37.280
...Coordinator of the Peasant Guard.

00:58:37.547 --> 00:58:44.120
Can you tell us what the work
has been like in this place?

00:58:44.554 --> 00:58:46.856
Good afternoon. Yes, well,
here we have been together

00:58:46.856 --> 00:58:51.528
with municipalities
from north and south Cauca

00:58:51.528 --> 00:58:55.999
and we have been trying
to build a campaign.

00:58:56.366 --> 00:58:59.736
The road between Cauca and Huila
is blocked on two routes,

00:58:59.869 --> 00:59:03.506
through Coconuco and Totoró.

00:59:04.207 --> 00:59:06.509
That road is blocked.

00:59:06.676 --> 00:59:10.647
There is no connection
on the two most important roads

00:59:10.914 --> 00:59:12.949
that connect the southwest
of Colombia

00:59:12.949 --> 00:59:14.951
with the interior of the country.

00:59:34.337 --> 00:59:37.640
In Augustina, where our
indigenous colleagues are,

00:59:37.640 --> 00:59:41.177
there were confrontations today.

00:59:43.546 --> 00:59:47.083
As a result,
they managed to open the road.

00:59:47.951 --> 00:59:51.321
But there was
one soldier injured.

00:59:53.056 --> 00:59:55.525
One man of the public
security forces was inured,

00:59:56.526 --> 00:59:58.828
and we just received the news
that he passed away.

01:00:01.497 --> 01:00:05.234
We want to be clear with you,
and that\'s why we are here,

01:00:05.301 --> 01:00:10.206
to evaluate what to do.

01:00:11.941 --> 01:00:16.279
OK, guys,
I hope we keep our heads up.

01:00:16.379 --> 01:00:20.817
And I hope that the days following
the attack by the riot police

01:00:20.917 --> 01:00:24.754
has done us good,
and that we are well prepared.

01:00:25.388 --> 01:00:29.826
And I start there, because we have
to be ready for any attack.

01:00:30.126 --> 01:00:31.961
And the attack may come regardless

01:00:31.961 --> 01:00:35.031
of whether we go
to the PanAmerican Highway or not.

01:00:35.231 --> 01:00:37.967
The circumstances have changed.

01:00:38.468 --> 01:00:43.406
They are treating us
as a military army.

01:00:44.674 --> 01:00:47.844
And that\'s why we are here.
Let\'s take a breath,

01:00:48.044 --> 01:00:51.381
reorganise our forces
and let\'s make decisions.

01:02:37.820 --> 01:02:39.622
After more than four weeks
of blockades

01:02:39.622 --> 01:02:41.657
on the PanAmerican Highway,

01:02:41.657 --> 01:02:45.194
president Duque agrees
to come to Cauca.

01:02:45.194 --> 01:02:49.499
The confrontations end
with more than 50 people injured,

01:02:49.499 --> 01:02:54.203
and one police officer (30)
and one indigenous (19) dead.

01:02:55.138 --> 01:02:58.274
In Caldono (Cauca) La Minga
prepared a protocol event

01:02:58.474 --> 01:03:01.644
in which they want
to talk with the president

01:03:01.644 --> 01:03:07.717
and negotiate the terms on which
to lift the national strike.

01:03:13.523 --> 01:03:16.793
Friends, authorities and Minga.

01:03:20.363 --> 01:03:24.367
As promised by the authorities
and our commission,

01:03:24.367 --> 01:03:29.438
we can announce

01:03:29.639 --> 01:03:32.341
that the president
has arrived here in Caldono.

01:03:33.176 --> 01:03:37.713
He arrived just like
the Minga had asked him.

01:03:39.515 --> 01:03:43.786
So we want the guarantors
to send him the message

01:03:44.086 --> 01:03:47.590
that we will wait for him
in the central square.

01:03:50.593 --> 01:03:54.430
Our message is clear,

01:03:54.964 --> 01:03:57.099
we will wait for the president.

01:03:57.233 --> 01:04:02.405
The attorney wil now go
and send the message.

01:04:02.839 --> 01:04:04.907
Make it happen, Mr Attorney.

01:04:05.007 --> 01:04:09.278
We will wait to start the event
as soon as the president is here.

01:04:15.484 --> 01:04:19.789
Friends, we will wait here.

01:04:21.257 --> 01:04:23.526
The attorney will talk to him.

01:04:24.927 --> 01:04:26.629
We will wait for his message.

01:06:10.366 --> 01:06:13.936
Although President Duque
arrived to Caldono,

01:06:14.270 --> 01:06:19.108
he decided not to talk to the Minga,
and boarded his helicopter to Bogotá.

01:07:48.831 --> 01:07:53.135
Good morning, everyone.
A revolutionary greeting.

01:07:53.335 --> 01:07:56.839
I appreciate you all being here.

01:07:57.807 --> 01:08:04.447
I want to thank God, for enabling
the majority of us to meet again.

01:08:05.815 --> 01:08:09.385
If we look at our territory,
we have to conclude

01:08:09.385 --> 01:08:11.520
we have to be very careful

01:08:11.687 --> 01:08:14.523
because at any moment
the paramilitaries can come in.

01:08:15.157 --> 01:08:19.028
What they call
the peace process is a farce,

01:08:19.195 --> 01:08:22.965
with which they wanted to disarm
a guerrilla so that our territories

01:08:23.065 --> 01:08:25.167
would be without protection.

01:08:25.468 --> 01:08:28.237
Now they can allow
the multinationals in

01:08:28.737 --> 01:08:31.107
and become owners of our territory.

01:08:32.374 --> 01:08:38.247
This struggle is ours and we have
to build on it every single day.

01:08:45.654 --> 01:08:47.423
Hey, my friend, what\'s up?

01:08:49.058 --> 01:08:51.760
Gustavo has been lost
for several weeks.

01:08:51.994 --> 01:08:54.296
No one knows his whereabouts.

01:08:54.463 --> 01:08:55.498
- OK, Sjoerd, my friend.

01:08:56.065 --> 01:08:59.735
You know that I received
threat upon threat...

01:09:01.203 --> 01:09:04.807
..but nothing like this one.

01:09:07.343 --> 01:09:09.478
They are not playing,
they kill whoever,

01:09:09.478 --> 01:09:10.946
they can make anyone disappear.

01:09:11.947 --> 01:09:16.619
So to stay in Colombia,
to stay in Miranda...

01:09:18.554 --> 01:09:20.956
I said, \"No longer in Colombia,
no more of this.\"

01:09:21.123 --> 01:09:23.726
So I left because
there are no guarantees for us.

01:09:24.727 --> 01:09:27.062
So we decided to leave the country.

01:09:28.631 --> 01:09:31.634
I realised that this time
they were going to kill us,

01:09:31.634 --> 01:09:34.069
so we went to Spain.

01:09:36.038 --> 01:09:39.742
We are in Madrid,
and they will keep us here

01:09:39.975 --> 01:09:43.779
until they decide
who can give grant us asylum.

01:09:44.513 --> 01:09:48.617
We are under protection
of the Spanish government.

01:10:34.563 --> 01:10:36.999
Taking advantage
of the Peasant Guard

01:10:36.999 --> 01:10:39.668
temporarily leaving the territory
during La Minga,

01:10:39.668 --> 01:10:44.873
the illegally armed groups strengthen
their position in the north of Cauca.

01:10:57.953 --> 01:11:01.523
That afternoon we heard shots,
it was horrible!

01:11:02.157 --> 01:11:05.561
In the part where he lived,
some 300 meters from there.

01:11:05.761 --> 01:11:09.098
They saw people running away.

01:11:09.798 --> 01:11:12.534
So he went there with his
father and brother.

01:11:13.535 --> 01:11:17.506
His father took a different route
to call for back up,

01:11:17.840 --> 01:11:21.910
and the boy continued
to see what was happening.

01:11:22.144 --> 01:11:26.081
He was in charge of the guard
so he went for it.

01:11:26.482 --> 01:11:29.885
When he arrived to the football pitch
they immediately shot him.

01:11:31.920 --> 01:11:37.726
It\'s very difficult because
his death is so unjustifiable.

01:11:38.027 --> 01:11:41.797
It\'s a boy of only 18 years old,
just starting his life

01:11:42.197 --> 01:11:46.035
who was very committed
to his community work.

01:11:47.503 --> 01:11:49.004
He had a good heart.

01:11:49.405 --> 01:11:53.742
He did not finish his school,
but he felt this was his vocation.

01:12:00.482 --> 01:12:03.285
Everyone has been very
affected by it.

01:12:03.752 --> 01:12:07.589
They say, \"What if we are hit
by a grenade?

01:12:08.023 --> 01:12:11.727
\"What if they shoot at us
like they did with our friend?\"

01:12:13.028 --> 01:12:18.300
After the murder of their fellow
member of the Peasant Guard,

01:12:18.634 --> 01:12:23.839
the other guards decide to postpone
their work and cease all activities.

01:12:54.002 --> 01:12:59.174
A former member of FARC-EP
was murdered by an armed group.

01:12:59.942 --> 01:13:05.914
When his mother found out,
she instantly died of a heart attack.

01:13:35.010 --> 01:13:40.082
In Psalm 23 it says, \"The lord
is my shepherd, I shall not want.

01:13:40.449 --> 01:13:43.051
\"He restores my soul.

01:13:43.051 --> 01:13:49.491
\"He guides me in paths
of righteousness for his name\'s sake.

01:13:50.826 --> 01:13:53.962
\"Even though I walk through
the valley of the shadow of death,

01:13:54.062 --> 01:13:55.931
\"I will fear no evil,
for you are with me;

01:13:56.031 --> 01:13:58.567
\"your rod and your staff,
they comfort me.

01:13:58.567 --> 01:14:02.137
\"You prepare a table before me
in the presence of my enemies.

01:14:02.271 --> 01:14:06.175
\"You anoint my head with oil;
my cup overflows.

01:14:06.275 --> 01:14:08.110
\"Surely goodness
and love will follow me

01:14:08.110 --> 01:14:09.144
\"all the days of my life,

01:14:09.144 --> 01:14:11.914
\"and I will dwell in the house
of the lord forever.\"

01:14:12.448 --> 01:14:14.082
Lord, thank you.

01:14:14.483 --> 01:14:18.754
We give these bodies back to you
as your preaching teaches.

01:14:18.821 --> 01:14:24.660
Thank you Lord, for the life you have
given, thank you for our family,

01:14:24.793 --> 01:14:28.564
may you heal our sorrow,
in the name of Jesus Christ,

01:14:30.299 --> 01:14:32.034
Amen, amen.

01:14:43.111 --> 01:14:45.747
The war has always been
fought by the poor.

01:14:45.914 --> 01:14:48.283
Had it been the children
of rich sons\' of bitches,

01:14:48.383 --> 01:14:49.751
I would have said, very well.

01:14:50.152 --> 01:14:52.788
But when it is with the children
of the weak and vulnerable...

01:14:59.228 --> 01:15:02.498
It is very easy to make war
with children that are not yours.

01:15:42.504 --> 01:15:45.574
They create these places
of hunger and misery

01:15:45.874 --> 01:15:50.145
to be able to buy a vote
for $100.000 pesos ($30US).

01:15:53.649 --> 01:15:58.854
It makes me feel hopeless
to see this government and know

01:15:59.021 --> 01:16:03.258
that we will not be able to change
this situation through democracy.

01:16:07.262 --> 01:16:10.832
Colombia has developed over the backs
of the people it has abandoned.

01:16:11.733 --> 01:16:15.904
We have been abandoned
by every single president.

01:16:18.407 --> 01:16:21.443
As Jaime Garzón said,
\"No one will come to save us,

01:16:21.643 --> 01:16:23.645
\"we will have to save ourselves.\"

01:16:31.053 --> 01:16:33.055
Look, he is chasing
the little flower.

01:16:36.124 --> 01:16:37.826
Ah, it\'s beautiful.

01:17:00.382 --> 01:17:04.786
More than two years
after eradicating their coca,

01:17:04.786 --> 01:17:09.891
Sandra & Albeiro finally
receive their avocado trees.

01:17:13.862 --> 01:17:15.430
Lunch!

01:17:15.964 --> 01:17:18.233
You arrived late, but enter!

01:17:18.400 --> 01:17:19.801
Thank you.

01:17:19.968 --> 01:17:23.005
Let\'s see those trees
that they got you.

01:17:25.140 --> 01:17:27.409
These are the trees
that they gave us.

01:17:28.543 --> 01:17:33.348
Apparently, this is the $9.000.000
pesos ($2.500 USD) project.

01:17:34.449 --> 01:17:37.119
These are sent by
the substitution program.

01:17:38.654 --> 01:17:42.691
According to the government,
these are the $9.000.000 pesos.

01:17:45.027 --> 01:17:46.828
I regret it so much having
signed up to the program,

01:17:46.928 --> 01:17:49.598
I would have preferred them
to eradicate by force.

01:17:50.465 --> 01:17:53.068
Because I would have been able
to harvest several times

01:17:53.135 --> 01:17:55.904
and I know I would have been able
to do something with that money.

01:17:56.371 --> 01:18:00.709
But now, I cannot harvest
and I have nothing else.

01:18:00.842 --> 01:18:03.378
And we had to eradicate
ourselves and everything.

01:18:03.512 --> 01:18:05.647
The whole process has been...

01:18:07.049 --> 01:18:09.918
When you look at these
substitution projects

01:18:09.985 --> 01:18:11.887
and how the government
has implemented them,

01:18:12.454 --> 01:18:15.757
the national government
is responsible for a disaster.

01:18:16.358 --> 01:18:18.627
And they force us to go
back to growing coca.

01:18:18.760 --> 01:18:20.495
That\'s where it is headed.

01:18:20.629 --> 01:18:22.330
The idea behind changing
all of our crops

01:18:22.364 --> 01:18:23.865
was for the future of our children,

01:18:23.999 --> 01:18:30.405
to have something good,
but now we no longer see a future.

01:18:30.972 --> 01:18:32.240
Life is difficult.

01:18:32.340 --> 01:18:35.677
My daughter is 11 years old,
it is very hard.

01:18:39.414 --> 01:18:42.117
The only thing that arrived
have been these trees.

01:18:42.284 --> 01:18:44.986
Two years after they
eradicated their coca.

01:18:45.987 --> 01:18:48.690
To build a better future
for our children,

01:18:48.690 --> 01:18:50.425
to improve our living conditions.

01:18:51.359 --> 01:18:52.961
That\'s what we signed up for!

01:18:53.061 --> 01:18:54.730
To the transformation
of our territory,

01:18:54.796 --> 01:18:58.467
to have good roads,
to have health clinics,

01:18:58.567 --> 01:19:03.105
to improve the inequality
with regards to land,

01:19:03.638 --> 01:19:06.141
that\'s what we signed up for.

01:19:08.977 --> 01:19:11.480
The problem that is
behind those 50 years

01:19:11.646 --> 01:19:13.648
of war is not addressed - land!

01:19:13.849 --> 01:19:16.985
When you revise the peace accord,

01:19:17.219 --> 01:19:18.754
the implementation of agreements
should start

01:19:18.854 --> 01:19:20.188
with the redistribuition of land

01:19:20.255 --> 01:19:22.057
and if not, then there is nothing.

01:19:25.026 --> 01:19:27.529
The thing we should have fought
for is Agricultural Reform.

01:19:27.629 --> 01:19:29.331
There is no other way.

01:19:29.564 --> 01:19:31.466
We should have done what
the village of Caloto did.

01:19:31.566 --> 01:19:33.068
Caloto committed
to Agricultural Reform.

01:19:33.168 --> 01:19:34.770
First they address that issue,

01:19:34.870 --> 01:19:36.705
and thereafter
they eradicate their coca.

01:19:36.772 --> 01:19:38.240
Those were the rules over there.

01:19:39.241 --> 01:19:42.811
The only municipality that committed
to rural reform was Caloto.

01:19:43.145 --> 01:19:47.449
It got their governor killed,
it generated huge problems for them,

01:19:47.749 --> 01:19:50.886
but...they have not moved
and still have their coca.

01:19:52.087 --> 01:19:54.856
If they do not implement
an Integral Rural Reform,

01:19:56.124 --> 01:19:59.561
not just for peasants,
but for the entire nation,

01:19:59.728 --> 01:20:02.531
we will never have peace.

01:20:29.090 --> 01:20:31.526
The Peace Accord
guaranteed three million hectares

01:20:31.526 --> 01:20:33.295
of land to peasants without

01:20:33.428 --> 01:20:36.398
or with insufficient land.

01:20:37.399 --> 01:20:39.267
At the end of the year 2020,

01:20:39.267 --> 01:20:42.404
four years after the peace
agreement was signed,

01:20:42.637 --> 01:20:46.241
there is no sign of the start
of the program for Rural Reform.

01:20:49.477 --> 01:20:52.747
In 2017, more than 99.000 families

01:20:52.747 --> 01:20:55.517
enrolled in the
Substitution Program PNIS,

01:20:55.617 --> 01:20:58.253
underlining their will to eradicate
and change their ilicit crops.

01:20:59.087 --> 01:21:03.325
With the first cases of COVID-19
in Colombia identified in March 2020,

01:21:03.325 --> 01:21:08.263
the PNIS was suspended
in all 56 municipalities.

01:21:30.318 --> 01:21:32.487
In April, the government started
to implement eradication

01:21:32.587 --> 01:21:35.523
with the help of military forces

01:21:35.724 --> 01:21:40.829
and threatened with the aerial spray
of the carcinogenic glyphosate

01:21:41.029 --> 01:21:44.866
in an aim to eradicate 130.000
hectares of coca in 2020.

01:21:45.267 --> 01:21:47.869
The government did not come up
with an alternative plan

01:21:48.003 --> 01:21:50.138
to sustain the household economies.